Study on conformity assessment procedure for technical requirements for the human protection against...

Study on conformity assessment procedure for technical

requirements for the human protection against

electromagnetic waves of radio base station

Study on conformity assessment procedure for technical

requirements for the human protection against

electromagnetic waves of radio base station

Kyungjin YeoRadio Research Laboratory

Broadband IT Korea2

목 차목 차

Administrative activities for EMF safetyAdministrative activities for EMF safetyAdministrative activities for EMF safetyAdministrative activities for EMF safety1111

New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station

in put into service (Amendments on the Radio in put into service (Amendments on the Radio

Act (RA), Enforcement Decree of RA andAct (RA), Enforcement Decree of RA and

Enforcement rule of RA)Enforcement rule of RA)

New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station

in put into service (Amendments on the Radio in put into service (Amendments on the Radio

Act (RA), Enforcement Decree of RA andAct (RA), Enforcement Decree of RA and

Enforcement rule of RA)Enforcement rule of RA)

2222

Amendments on Technical requirements forAmendments on Technical requirements for

Measurement of EMF StrengthMeasurement of EMF StrengthAmendments on Technical requirements forAmendments on Technical requirements for

Measurement of EMF StrengthMeasurement of EMF Strength3333

Conclusion and further studiesConclusion and further studiesConclusion and further studiesConclusion and further studies4444

Broadband IT Korea3

1. Administrative activities for EMF safety1. Administrative activities for EMF safety

ProductProduct

FacilitiesFacilities

SAR testrequirements

SAR testrequirements

EMF compliancetest

EMF compliancetest

Cellular phoneCellular phone

Radio stationRadio station

RARA

Publicdiscontents

Publicdiscontents

Rules on measurement of EM environment


Basic studiesBasic studiesBiological effectsBiological effectsResearchSupport

ResearchSupport

Radio stationRadio station

Guidelines onhuman exposure

Guidelines onhuman exposure

Regular inspectionRegular

inspection

Inspection onhuman exposureby radio station


Exposure assessmentExposure

assessment

New systemNew system

Broadband IT Korea4


Mandatory(RA)

Mandatory(RA)

EMF compliancetest

EMF compliancetest

Publicdiscontents

Publicdiscontents



ResearchResearchInspection on

human exposureby radio station


Protection against EMF exposure from radio station

Put into serviceRegular inspection

Put into serviceRegular inspection

Not specifiedNot specified

Not specifiedNot specified

Method Point of testTypes

Broadband IT Korea5


SAR test approachSAR test approach

Walkie-talkieWalkie-talkie IncreaseCompliance product

IncreaseCompliance product

Inspection on radioexposure

Inspection on radioexposure

RFIDRFID

BluetoothBluetooth

::Numerical analysis

approachNumerical analysis

approach

Radar siteRadar site

Fixed wirelessFixed wireless

Inspection bypublic discontents

Inspection bypublic discontents

BroadcastingBroadcasting

New regulation onEMF safety

New regulation onEMF safety

Inspection onoccupationalInspection onoccupational

::

Broadband IT Korea6


Risk communication Issue of Q&A brochure on EMF safety

Flash animation contest on EMF safetyhttp://www.rrl.go.kr

Internet site on EMF safetyKEES (http://www.emf.or.kr/)

Risk communication Issue of Q&A brochure on EMF safety

Flash animation contest on EMF safetyhttp://www.rrl.go.kr

Internet site on EMF safetyKEES (http://www.emf.or.kr/)

Broadband IT Korea7

2. New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station in put into service 2. New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station in put into service

Radio Act Enforcement decree Enforcement ruleEnforcement on radio station

compliance test Radio station criteria subject

to compliance test -

Test by requestRe-inspection of test result

Test body on test request (KORPA)

Re-inspection authority (office of postal service)

-

Administrative action on noncompliance (safety fence,

limitation on service, stop service)

Authority on administrative action

(office of postal service)-

Due date to report and request -

Due date to report

Day of issue certification of inspection

Due date to request

Installation, change : on the dayRegular inspection : within 30 days after notification

Test fee - Test fee 250,000 won

Authorization bodyPenalty

Fine- -

Summary of amendments on RA

Broadband IT Korea8


Characteristics of new system Impose duty on each radio station ownerCompliance test could be done by owner or KORPAOffice of Postal Service does administrative actionPower criteria is different by radio station

Mobile base station : 30 W Broadcasting station : 60 W Other service station : 60 W

Characteristics of new system Impose duty on each radio station ownerCompliance test could be done by owner or KORPAOffice of Postal Service does administrative actionPower criteria is different by radio station

Mobile base station : 30 W Broadcasting station : 60 W Other service station : 60 W

Broadband IT Korea9


Background for the power criteria of radio station Separation distance expecting possible access to radio station

→ R Regulation on construction

– Minimal width between buildings : 2 m– Maximum height of radio tower on building : 6 m– Antenna tilt : above 10 degree

Antenna gain in database → G Radio station license database

– Mobile base station : 16 ~ 19 ㏈– Broadcasting station, other radio station : 2.15 ~ 12 ㏈

Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general public → E

Applying the equation P : Power (include system loss) [W] G : Antenna gain [dBi] E : Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general pu

blic [V/m] η0 : Wave impedance for free space (377 Ω)

Background for the power criteria of radio station Separation distance expecting possible access to radio station

→ R Regulation on construction

– Minimal width between buildings : 2 m– Maximum height of radio tower on building : 6 m– Antenna tilt : above 10 degree

Antenna gain in database → G Radio station license database

– Mobile base station : 16 ~ 19 ㏈– Broadcasting station, other radio station : 2.15 ~ 12 ㏈

Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general public → E

Applying the equation P : Power (include system loss) [W] G : Antenna gain [dBi] E : Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general pu

blic [V/m] η0 : Wave impedance for free space (377 Ω)

10/0

22

1056.2

/4G

REP

Broadband IT Korea10

2. New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station in put into service2. New mandatory EMF compliance test of radio station in put into service

Administrative processReceive license application/declaration

office of postal service

Certification issueoffice of postal service

Receive report on complete installationoffice of postal service, KORPA

Notification of regular inspectionoffice of postal service, KORPA

Inspection/Compliance test (when request)office of postal service, KORPA

Request testApplicant

30 days

Test result submissionApplicant

comply?

Issue license/verifying declaration office of postal service

Yes

comply?

Administrative actionoffice of postal service

No

30 days

※ Test on request is undertaken by KORPA

Continue service


3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of EMF Strength

There is no place to exceed the limits near the radio station⇒ Conformity assessment procedure = procedure to find excess

placeOnly test the place where human could exist or stay And only test the where public could access

Making conformity assessment procedure Discussion and selection from known theories and techniques Considering trade offs

Efficiency/cost

There is no place to exceed the limits near the radio station⇒ Conformity assessment procedure = procedure to find excess

placeOnly test the place where human could exist or stay And only test the where public could access

Making conformity assessment procedure Discussion and selection from known theories and techniques Considering trade offs

Efficiency/cost

What means compliance in EMF exposure of radio station?What means compliance in EMF exposure of radio station?



Searching in limited boundary Boundary could be defined by some information of radio station Logically simple but heavy load on searching

Searching in limited boundary Boundary could be defined by some information of radio station Logically simple but heavy load on searching

Searching the area near radio station (Adopted)Searching the area near radio station (Adopted)

Sector antenna : set path(s) per sector Isotropic antenna : one arbitrary path



Fully depend on radio station installation and terrain Calculate the exposure by equations before test Cut load on searching but could be confused in some situation

Fully depend on radio station installation and terrain Calculate the exposure by equations before test Cut load on searching but could be confused in some situation

Searching the area near radio station (Abandoned)Searching the area near radio station (Abandoned)

1 4

1

4

1

4

Yes

Yes

No

No

Different antenna tilt

Sector antenna



CB : Compliance Boundary A volume outside which any point of investigation is deemed to be compliant. Outside the CB, the exposure levels do not exceed the basic restriction irrespective of the time of exposure

A : Constant related to ground reflection (AM broadcasting 4.0, else 2.56) P : Power (include system loss) [W] G : Antenna gain [dBi] E : Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general public [V/m] η0 : Wave impedance for free space (377 Ω)

CB : Compliance Boundary A volume outside which any point of investigation is deemed to be compliant. Outside the CB, the exposure levels do not exceed the basic restriction irrespective of the time of exposure

A : Constant related to ground reflection (AM broadcasting 4.0, else 2.56) P : Power (include system loss) [W] G : Antenna gain [dBi] E : Electric field strength in guidelines of EMF exposure for general public [V/m] η0 : Wave impedance for free space (377 Ω)

Calculate compliance Boundary (1)Calculate compliance Boundary (1)

02

10/

/4

10

EAP

RG



Information of radio station for calculating CB Electric field strength in guidelines Antenna gain : maximum gain in direction of main lobe Power : power in license database System loss : total loss at antenna system (after final amplifier)

cable loss antenna efficiency if system loss are not measured or calculated, apply 4 ㏈

※ Direction and azimuth pattern of antenna is needed (however, tilt is ignored)

Information of radio station for calculating CB Electric field strength in guidelines Antenna gain : maximum gain in direction of main lobe Power : power in license database System loss : total loss at antenna system (after final amplifier)

cable loss antenna efficiency if system loss are not measured or calculated, apply 4 ㏈

※ Direction and azimuth pattern of antenna is needed (however, tilt is ignored)

Calculate compliance Boundary (2)Calculate compliance Boundary (2)



Searching the area : find the location of maximum EMF exposure

Begin at the boundary of 5 times of CB from radio station measure and approach to the radio station with sampling step

find measurement location of maximum EMF exposure measurement height is always 1.5 m in searching

Searching the area : find the location of maximum EMF exposure

Begin at the boundary of 5 times of CB from radio station measure and approach to the radio station with sampling step

find measurement location of maximum EMF exposure measurement height is always 1.5 m in searching

Measurement EMF strength of radio station – searching the areaMeasurement EMF strength of radio station – searching the area

Exposure ratio of out of 5R is under 0.05


3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Strength3. Amendments on Technical requirements for Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Strength

※ λ : Wave length, d : 5 times of CB distance

Sampling step is sparse, however it is enough to find the location of maximum exposure.

※ λ : Wave length, d : 5 times of CB distance

Sampling step is sparse, however it is enough to find the location of maximum exposure.

Frequency ~ 80 ㎒ 80 ㎒ ~ 900 ㎒

900 ㎒ ~ 3000 ㎒

3 ㎓ ~

Steps Max(λ, d/40) Max(2 m, d/40) 1 m 0.5 m

Sampling steps in searching the locationSampling steps in searching the location



Multiple position (height and width) Could reflect changes of EMF in height Too many positions are heavy load in test and meaningless

One position Simple but could not reflect changes

⇒ One height (1.5 m) in searching, 3 heights (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in measuring at maximum location

Multiple position (height and width) Could reflect changes of EMF in height Too many positions are heavy load in test and meaningless

One position Simple but could not reflect changes

⇒ One height (1.5 m) in searching, 3 heights (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in measuring at maximum location

Measurement positionMeasurement position

1.7 m(eye)

1.5 m(Chest)

1.1 m(Belly)



Exposure ratio (ER) Assessed exposure parameter

ER = (measured E-field strength/E-field strength in guideline)2

or ER = (measured H-field strength/H-field strength in guideline)2 or ER = measured wave power density/wave power density in guideline※ ER is a normalized number which shows the assessment result

Total exposure ratio (TER) Sum of exposure ratios of multiple sources which is subjected to compliance test (if it is over 1, exceed the limits)

(ER) i = ER for the i th radio station M : Total number of radio stations which use different frequencies

Exposure ratio (ER) Assessed exposure parameter

ER = (measured E-field strength/E-field strength in guideline)2

or ER = (measured H-field strength/H-field strength in guideline)2 or ER = measured wave power density/wave power density in guideline※ ER is a normalized number which shows the assessment result

Total exposure ratio (TER) Sum of exposure ratios of multiple sources which is subjected to compliance test (if it is over 1, exceed the limits)

(ER) i = ER for the i th radio station M : Total number of radio stations which use different frequencies

ER, TERER, TER

M

iiERTER

1

)(



Default measurement : After finding the location of maximum exposure, measure the EMF exposure at each 3 height (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in 6 min. average. Maximum value of 3 height is adopted as EMF exposure of the location Calculate ER for measured value

Extended measurement : If the result of default measurement indicates※ the possibility of excess the limits, measure all other radio stations which is subjected to compliance test and its ER is over 0.05 at each 3 height (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in 6 min. average.

※ When ER of default measurement exceed 0.2 Maximum value of 3 height is adopted as EMF exposure of the location Calculate ER for measured value and TER

Default measurement : After finding the location of maximum exposure, measure the EMF exposure at each 3 height (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in 6 min. average. Maximum value of 3 height is adopted as EMF exposure of the location Calculate ER for measured value

Extended measurement : If the result of default measurement indicates※ the possibility of excess the limits, measure all other radio stations which is subjected to compliance test and its ER is over 0.05 at each 3 height (1.1, 1.5, 1.7 m) in 6 min. average.

※ When ER of default measurement exceed 0.2 Maximum value of 3 height is adopted as EMF exposure of the location Calculate ER for measured value and TER

Measure TERMeasure TER

1.7 m( 눈 )

1.5 m( 가슴 )

1.1 m( 배 )



Purpose Finding any problem to carry out the assessment procedure

Object Mobile services : Cellular, PCS, WCDMA, Wi-Bro Broadcasting : TV, FM, AM Other service : TRS, pager, location based system

Result No problem on compliance test itself but it needs a lot of time a

nd work

Purpose Finding any problem to carry out the assessment procedure

Object Mobile services : Cellular, PCS, WCDMA, Wi-Bro Broadcasting : TV, FM, AM Other service : TRS, pager, location based system

Result No problem on compliance test itself but it needs a lot of time a

nd work

Measurement on radio stations for verifying the procedureMeasurement on radio stations for verifying the procedure



Finding measurement locationFinding measurement location

Type of RS CB distance 5 RMaximum location

Cellular (Yongsan) 12 m 60 m 52 m

Cellular (Dobong) 26.6 m 133 m 84 m

AM broadcasting 18 m 90 m Nearest

TV broadcasting 12.2 m 61 m 46 m

FM broadcasting 53.6 m 268 m 54 m

TV sub-station 19.2 m 96 m 58 m

Pager 4 m 20 m 6 m

LBS 4.4 m 22 m 8 m

TRS 5.4 m 27 m 6 m



TER from multiple sourceTER from multiple source

LocationEMF

strengthSKT KTF LGT

WCDMA (1)

WCDMA (2)

WiBro (1)

WiBro (2) TER

Yongsan

Measured (V/m)

2.09 0.35 - 0.383 0.164 0.365 0.68 -

guidelines 40.53336

58.98093

- 61 61 61 61 -

ER 0.00266 0.00004 - 0.00004 0.00001 0.00004 0.00012 0.0029

Normalization

0.20.00264

9-

0.002966

0.000544

0.002693

0.009348

0.2182

Dobong

Measured (V/m)

0.97 0.68 0.52 0.92 0.26 - 0.4 -

guidelines 40.53336

58.98093

59.30061

61 61 - 61 -

ER 0.00057 0.00013 0.00008 0.00023 0.00002 - 0.00004 0.0011

Normalization

0.2 0.046420.02685

30.07943

80.00634

5-

0.015017

0.3741



Composition

Isotropic probe : 3-axis isotropic probe Tripod Cable : double-shielded or optical cable Receiver : Spectrum analyzer

Composition

Isotropic probe : 3-axis isotropic probe Tripod Cable : double-shielded or optical cable Receiver : Spectrum analyzer

EquipmentsEquipments



Receiver Narrowband measurement : frequency selective Automatically calculate EMF strength

※ EMF strength (E-field) calculation equation E-field strength ( ㏈㎶ /m) = Receiver ㏈ m + antenna factor (of probe) + cable loss factor + receiver calibration factor

Receiver setting Fit for frequency band of radio station

Setting start/stop frequency and span RBW : wide as possible

Receiver Narrowband measurement : frequency selective Automatically calculate EMF strength

※ EMF strength (E-field) calculation equation E-field strength ( ㏈㎶ /m) = Receiver ㏈ m + antenna factor (of probe) + cable loss factor + receiver calibration factor

Receiver setting Fit for frequency band of radio station

Setting start/stop frequency and span RBW : wide as possible

Receiver (Spectrum analyzer)Receiver (Spectrum analyzer)



Measuring channel E-field strength Measuring channel E-field strength

Calculate whole band EMF strength base on channelCalculate whole band EMF strength base on channel

E-field strength of Whole band : 426.9 ㎷ /m

FA 번호 (mV/m)측정결과1 103.42 163.73 175.24 139.35 170.87 164.68 13710 139.1

SQRT (sum (FA E-field strength2)) : 426.58 ㎷ /m



WiBro WCDMA

Spectrum for each radio serviceSpectrum for each radio service



TRS Pager service





TV broadcasting (analog/digital) Location Based Service



Picture of compliance testPicture of compliance test


4. Conclusion and further studies4. Conclusion and further studies

New EMF compliance test procedure for radio station Based on known theories and techniques of course, it works However, also requires quite works in the field

Successful settlement of new system Solving problems in conformity assessment procedure

(feedback from each organizations) Cooperation and understanding by service provider and

civilians

Technical advance in the procedure Reduce works in finding measurement location

Reduce sampling steps and measurement heights Receiver settings

Suggest RBW settings for each radio services

New EMF compliance test procedure for radio station Based on known theories and techniques of course, it works However, also requires quite works in the field

Successful settlement of new system Solving problems in conformity assessment procedure

(feedback from each organizations) Cooperation and understanding by service provider and

civilians

Technical advance in the procedure Reduce works in finding measurement location

Reduce sampling steps and measurement heights Receiver settings

Suggest RBW settings for each radio services


Thank youThank you

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