Study the assigned polyatomic ions! · 9.1 Naming Ions >Monatomic Ions. Slide 9of 39 • Ions of...

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• Study the assigned polyatomic ions!

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Naming Ions

A rose is rosa in Spanish, warda in Arabic, and julab in Hindi. To truly understand another culture, you must first learn the language used in that culture. Similarly, to understand chemistry, you must learn its language. For this you need to know how to name ions.

9.1

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2. Identify the charges on monatomic ions by using the periodic table, and name the ions.

3. Identify common metal ions with more than one charge.

4. Define polyatomic ions and write the names and formulas of the most common polyatomic ions (phosphate, carbonate, sulfate, nitrate, chlorate, acetate, ammonium, and hydroxide).

5. Identify the two most common endings for the names of most polyatomic ions.

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• Monatomic ions– consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge

– Cations: group 1A, 2A, 3A• form cations with positive charge = to their group #

• do not change their names when they form ions

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Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions

These elements have ionic charges that can be obtained from their group numbers.

9.1

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– Anions: group 5A, 6A, 7A • form negative ions• subtract 8 from group number to determine the charge

• all non‐metallic anions change their name to end in “‐ide”

• examples: oxygen becomes oxide, nitrogen → nitride, fluorine → fluoride

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Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions9.1

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• Ions of most transition metals + Pb & Sn– charge may vary– some metal cations with more than one charge: Table 9.2

• Copper: Cu+, Cu2+

• Iron: Fe2+, Fe3+

• Lead: Pb2+, Pb4+

• Tin: Sn2+, Sn4+

• Mn: Mn2+, Mn3+

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These colorful solutions contain the transition metal ions Co3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Mn2+.

9.1

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Many transition metal compounds are colored and can be used as pigments.

9.1

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• Naming transition metal ions– Stock Name:

• roman numeral corresponds to ionic charge• example: copper I =Cu+, copper II = Cu2+

– Classical Name• suffix “‐ous” has the lower ionic charge, “‐ic” has the higher

• uses the Latin name• example cuprous = Cu+, cupric = Cu2+

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• Cu1+ = Copper (I) = Cuprous • Cu2+ = Copper (II) = Cupric• Fe2+ = Iron (II) = Ferrous • Fe3+ = Iron (III) = Ferric• Pb2+ = lead (II) = Plumbous• Pb4+ = lead (IV) = Plumbic

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Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions9.1


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What is the correct formula for a copper (II) ion?

A. Cu1+

B. Cu2+

C. Cu2

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– Major disadvantage of classical naming system: It doesn’t tell you the charge on the cation: only if it has the smaller (‐ous) or larger (‐ic) charge

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– Transition metals with only ONE ionic charge do NOT need a Roman numeral when named (memorize these)

• Ag+ = silver ion, NOT silver (I) ion– Silver always forms a 1+ ion

• Cd2+ and Zn2+ = cadmium ion and zinc ion– Cd and Zn always form 2+ ions

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• Naming Polyatomic Ions– covalently bonded groups of atoms that behave like an ion

– most end in –ite or –ate– exceptions:

1. hydroxide2. ammonium

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Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions

These models show the structures of four common polyatomic ions.

9.1

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– polyatomic ion “‐ite/‐ate” pairs

• have the same charge

• “‐ite” ions have one less oxygen atom

• example: sulfate = SO42‐, sulfite = SO3

2‐

• what is the formula for nitrate

NO3‐

• what is the formula for nitrite

NO2‐

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– Polyatomic ions beginning with “hydrogen”• add a H+ ion to the polyatomic ion and adjust the charge

• phosphate → hydrogen phosphate

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Sodium hydrogen carbonate can relieve an upset stomach.

9.1

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HCO3–, HPO4

2–, and H2PO4– ions in your blood

are critical for your health.

9.1

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Fertilizers contain HPO42– and H2PO4– ions.

9.1

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• Common vs. Systematic Names– common names may describe the chemical: – laughing gas, baking soda, lye

• Systematic names are important– give more information about the compound


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9.1 Section Quiz

If the name of an ion ends in ‐ite or ‐ate, the ion is a

A. polyatomic cation.

B. polyatomic anion.

C. transition metal cation.

D. monatomic anion.


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9.1 Section Quiz

What is the charge of the ion of sulfur?

A. 2+

B. 1‐

C. 2‐

D. 0


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9.1 Section Quiz

What is the charge of the ion of zinc?

A. 2+

B. 1‐

C. 2‐

D. 0


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9.1 Section Quiz

What is the charge of the Copper (I) ion?

A. 2+

B. 1+

C. 2‐

D. 0


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9.1 Section Quiz

What is the charge of the tin (IV) ion?

A. 4+

B. 2+

C. 4‐

D. 0


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9.1 Section Quiz

Which of the following are positively charged polyatomic ions?

(I) ammonium ion(II) perchlorate ion(III) ferric ion

A. I only

B. II only

C. III only

D. I and III


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9.1 Section Quiz

If the name of an ion ends in ‐ite or ‐ate, the ion is a

A. polyatomic cation.

B. polyatomic anion.

C. transition metal cation.

D. monatomic anion.


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9.1 Section Quiz

What is the charge of the silver ion?

A. 4+

B. 2+

C. 1+

D. 0


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9.1 Section Quiz

What is the charge of the iron (III) ion?

A. 3+

B. 2+

C. 3‐

D. 0


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9.1 Section Quiz

Which of the following is NOT a cation?

A. iron(III) ion

B. calcium ion

C. sulfate

D. mercurous ion


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9.1 Section Quiz

An ‐ate or ‐ite at the end of a compound name usually indicates that the compound contains ____.

A. fewer electrons than protons

B. only two elements

C. neutral molecules

D. a polyatomic anion


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9.1 Section Quiz

What is the charge of the ion of Argon?

A. 2+

B. 1‐

C. 2‐

D. Trick question: Argon doesn’t usually form ions


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9.1 Section Quiz

What is the charge of the bromine ion?

A. 2+

B. 1‐

C. 2‐

D. 0

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• Read 260‐266• Review polyatomic ions• WS Practice Problems Q’s 9.1.

– Answer on a separate sheet of paper!

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• Naming binary ionic compounds1. Write the metal cation first2. Add the –ide suffix to the non‐metal anion3. If there is a transition metal cation be sure to

determine the charge on the ion and write the correct Roman numeral if necessary

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• Writing ionic formulas– binary ionic compounds –(composed of two elements)

– balance the charges: ionic compounds are neutral• iron (III) oxide ‐• Fe2O3


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Naming binary compounds: CuO

A. copper oxygen

B. copper oxide

C. copper(II) oxide

D. copper (I) oxide

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Study the assigned polyatomic ions! · 9.1 Naming Ions >Monatomic Ions. Slide 9of 39 • Ions of...

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