Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational Decision Making UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY (Principal Investigator) Lexington, Kentucky Lindell Ormsbee, Sebastian Bryson, Scott Yost UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI (Collaborating University) Cincinnati, Ohio Jim Uber, Dominic Boccelli UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI (Collaborating University) Columbia, Missouri Robert Reed, Enos Inniss WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY (Collaborating University) Bowling Green, Kentucky Jana Fattic Andrew Ernest (University of Alabama) 1
Transcript
Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational
Decision Making
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY (Principal Investigator) Lexington, Kentucky
Lindell Ormsbee, Sebastian Bryson, Scott Yost
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI (Collaborating University) Cincinnati, Ohio
Jim Uber, Dominic Boccelli
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI (Collaborating University) Columbia, Missouri
Robert Reed, Enos Inniss
WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY (Collaborating University) Bowling Green, Kentucky
Jana Fattic Andrew Ernest (University of Alabama)
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Project Goal • To assist water utilities in improving the
operation of their water distribution systems through a better understanding of the impact of water distribution system hydraulics and flow dynamics on operational decision making:
– Normal operations
– Emergency operations
• Natural events
• Man made events
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Knowledge Tools Research
The potential exists for real time on-line network models to produce a more sophisticated event detection filter
• Gap 1: No synthesis document exists that provides a state-of-the-art assessment and a state-of-the-practice for SCADA systems across the drinking water industry.
• Objective 1: Develop a comprehensive report assessing the current state of SCADA systems (including hydraulic and water quality sensors) across the drinking water industry for use in support of real time operational modeling.
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Needs Assessment/Technology Gaps
• Gap 2: A simple modeling tool is needed to help
utilities understand basic system hydraulics during
normal operational flow conditions and also
during abnormal flow patterns resulting from
unanticipated events.
• Objective 2: Develop software that will provide a
graphical representation of a water distribution
system along with the flow directions in the pipes
for a specified operating condition.
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Needs Assessment/Technology Gaps
• Gap 3: An understanding of the sensitivity of water quality measurements to variations in system flow dynamics is needed in order to be able to distinguish between possible incursions and operational fluctuations.
• Objective 3a. Develop laboratory scale model of medium sized utility water distribution system to evaluate the ability of existing software to adequately characterize the flow dynamics and water quality characteristics of the system.
• Objective 3b: Calibrate a large-scale network model against a historical record of operational changes stored in SCADA, and use this model to understand the sensitivity of network flows and flow paths (and thus water quality) to changes in system demand and operation.
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Needs Assessment/Technology Gaps
• Gap 4:Guidance is needed for optimal
placement of hydraulic sensors in order to
better assist utilities in understanding their
system’s flow dynamics.
• Objective 4. Develop guidance for optimal
placement of hydraulic sensors based on
results of flow dynamics model and
operational constraints of the utility.
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Needs Assessment/Technology Gaps
• Gap 5: Most utilities lack guidance with respect to how to use SCADA and modeling data in support of their system operations, and in particular with regard to responding to potential incursion events. Guidance is needed for optimal placement of hydraulic sensors in order to better assist utilities in understanding their system’s flow dynamics.
• Objective 5. Develop a decision-support toolkit which will allow utilities to select the appropriate level of operational tools in support of their operational needs.
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Project Tasks
• [1] Establishment of Advisory Board
• [2] Select Utility Partners
• [3] Survey and Evaluate SCADA Systems
• [4] Physical Model Development
• [5] Graphical Flow Distribution Model
• [6] Model Calibration
• [7] Real Time Modeling
• [8] SCADA Guidance and Sensor Placement
• [9] Operational Toolkit
• [10] Technology Deployment
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Project Milestones – Year 1 Milestone # Devlierable
0 Execution of Contract: Initial first milestone payment to begin project
1.1 Advisory Board mission Statement
1.2 Advisory Board Guidance Document
2.1 Memoranda of Understanding
4.1 Physical Model Design
3.1 Utility Survey
4.2 Physical Model Construction Report
6.1 Utility Partner Data Report
6.3 Sampling QAPP
11.3 Advisory Board Meeting Minutes
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University of Missouri
KYPIPE LLC
University of Cincinnati
Western Kentucky University
University of Kentucky
Project Milestones – Year 2.1 Milestone # Devlierable
4.3 Physical Model Analysis Report
6.2 Hydraulic Calibration Report
7.1 Water Quality / Flow Dynamic Data Analysis
6.4 Water Quality Calibration Report
5.1 Graphic Flow Distribution Model
9.1 Template of the Operational Toolkit
8.1 Water Distribution System SCADA Assessment Report
9.2 Beta Version of Operational toolkit
1.4 Advisory Board Meeting Minutes
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University of Missouri
KYPIPE LLC
University of Cincinnati
Western Kentucky University
University of Kentucky
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Project Milestones – Year 2.2 Milestone # Devlierable
7.2 Water Quality / Flow Dynamic Sensitivity Report
8.2 Sensor Placement Guidance Report
10.1 Toolkit Evaluation Report
11.1 Toolkit Validation Report
11.2 Advisory Board Toolkit Assessment Report
11.3 Final Operation Toolkit
1.5 Advisory Board Meeting Minutes
12.1 Final Reporting
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University of Missouri
KYPIPE LLC
University of Cincinnati
Western Kentucky University
University of Kentucky
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Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational
Decision Making
Task 1: Establishment of Advisory Board
Advisory Board • DHS Water Sector (John Laws)
• USEPA NHSRC (Robert Janke)
• USEPA Water Security Division (Katie Umberg)
• Kentucky Division of Water (Terry Humphries)
• American Water Company (Nick Santillo)
• (3) Large Water Utilities
– NKYWD (Amy Kramer)
– Louisville (Jim Brammell)
– Denver (Arnold Stasser)
• (1) Medium Sized Water Utility – Nicholasville KY (Tom Calkins)
• (1) Small Water Utility – Paris KY (Kevin Crump)
Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational
Decision Making
Task 5: Graphical Flow Distribution Model
Ben Albritton, UK Doug Wood, KYIPIPE LLC
Dr. Lindell Ormsbee University of Kentucky
Task 5: Graphical Flow Distribution Model Use readily available network data
from the Kentucky Infrastructure Authority website to build network model of selected system.
Provide ability to add pipes or nodes.
Provide total system demand and distribute demands among nodes.
Input pump station discharge and tank levels and visualize flows and flow distribution.
Provide access to data via table functions.
GIS Datasets
Graphical Flow
Distribution Model
KYPIPE, EPANET, etc
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Task 5 • Task Objective: Develop software that will provide
a graphical representation of a water distribution system along with the flow directions in the pipes for a specified operating condition.
• Task Deliverables:
– Graphical Flow Model Software (100%)
– Graphical Flow Model User’s Manual (100%)
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Task 5 • Accomplishments.
– Partnered with KYPIPE to produce graphical flow model that integrates online mapping and network databases • Facilities management database
• Graphical display of network components
• Graphical display of flows and pressures
• Upgradable to KYPIPE or EPANET
– Presented overview of program at 2012 EWRI Water Congress
– Presented overview of program at 2013 KY Small Operators Conference
– Published journal article in ASCE JWRPM (2013)
• Significant findings – A significant number of smaller utilities do not have a network
model
– The proposed graphical flow model should help such utilities better manage their system operations 24
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Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational
Decision Making
Task 6: Model Calibration
Dr. Lindell Ormsbee Reese Walton
Joe Goodin University of Kentucky
Task 6: Model Calibration
• Nicholasville
– Hydraulic
– Water Quality
• Paris
– Hydraulic
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Task 6 • Task Objective: Calibrate network models for a
small and medium sized system and determine general guidelines for calibration that will be useful in improving the performance of such models in evaluating the performance of the actual systems.
• Task Deliverables: – Sampling QAPP (100%)
– Hydraulic Calibration Report (Paris and Nicholasville System) (100%)
– Water Quality Calibration Report (Nicholasville System) (100%)
– Calibration Guidance Spreadsheet (90%)
– Fire Hydrant Information Phone Application (90%) 27
Task 6 • Accomplishments.
– Calibrated models for Paris and Nicholsville – Presented results of project at 2013 EWRI Water Congress – Presented results of project at 2013 KY/TN AWWA
Conference – Draft AWWA publication
• Significant findings – Models need to be calibrated prior to use. – Calibrated models can be used to help facilitate operational
decisions (e.g. Nicholasville and Paris). – Use of a conservative tracer (i.e. fluoride) is feasible and
useful in verifying travel times across the system. – Work in Nicholasville confirm the fact that water quality
transport involves both advective and dispersive components.
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Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational
Decision Making
Task 4: Physical Model Development Matt Jolly, Craig Ashby
Dr. Scott Yost University of Kentucky
Network and sensing equipment
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Task 4: Project Status • Objective: Develop laboratory scale model of medium
sized utility water distribution system to evaluate the ability of existing software to adequately characterize the flow dynamics and water quality characteristics of the system.
• Task Deliverables: • Physical Model Design Report (100%) • Physical Model Construction Report (100%) • Physical Model Analysis Report (100%)
• Multi data sets with different conditions are required for optimum calibration.
• Using both velocity and pressure measurements produce better verification results.
• The use of one source of data (e.g., velocity) in the calibration can distorts the verification results of the other data (e.g., pressure)
Significant Findings
• Lab model minor loss dominated which puts greater emphasis on accurate minor loss coefficients.
• Lumped C values can vary significantly in the Lab model.
• Significant diffusion of the tracer in the lab model.
Ongoing research
• Calibration issues with/without minor losses in a minor loss dominated environment
• Causes of tracer diffusion (given the time scale of testing)
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Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational
Decision Making
Task 3: SCADA Survey
Dr. Robert Reed, University of Missouri Dr. Enos Inniss, University of Missouri
Task 3
• Objective: Develop a comprehensive survey assessing the current state of SCADA systems (including hydraulic and water quality sensors) across the drinking water industry for use in support of real time operational modeling.
• Task Deliverables – Survey Report (95%)
• Accomplishments – Survey limited to 9 responses based on direction
from NIHS
– Survey conducted
– Report drafted, submitted 36
Task 3
• Significant Findings
– Most common uses of SCADA
– Results directly supporting this project
• data use for operations & management: – reduced personnel time for monitoring & remote control of eqpt
– more consistent knowledge of water quality & hydraulics
• SCADA benefits reported = uses
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Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational
Decision Making
Task 8.1: SCADA Tutorial
Dr. Robert Reed, University of Missouri Dr. Enos Inniss, University of Missouri
Task 8.1 • Objective: Develop a comprehensive report
assessing the current state of SCADA systems (including hydraulic and water quality sensors, data collection/telemetry, RTUs/PLCs, communication options, SCADA master, etc) across the drinking water industry for use in support of real time operational modeling.
• Task Deliverables (95% est. completion 6-20-13) – Tutorial Report
• Hydraulic sensors
• Water quality sensors
• Telemetry
• SCADA systems
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Task 8.1
• Accomplishments
– Report drafted, being revised
– Additional survey response will be incorporated
• Significant Findings
– Rapidly changing technology of SCADA changes complexity just as quickly
– Sensor technology stable, communications rapidly advancing, driving down costs
– Cyber security is major issue, function of telemetry
– Equipment, material costs difficult to obtain
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Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational
Decision Making
Task 8.2: Develop Sensor Placement Guidance
Stacey Schal
Dr. Sebastian Bryson University of Kentucky
Task 8.2: Task Objectives
Objectives:
• Develop guidance for optimal placement of flow and pressure sensors based on results of flow dynamics model and operational constraints of the utility.
• Use the guidance to recommend hydraulic and water quality sensor placement for the small and medium sized utility.
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Task 8.2: Accomplishments
Developed a database of 12 hydraulic models
Performed a baseline analysis of hydraulic models using TEVA-SPOT
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Task 8.2: Accomplishments (continued)
Developed 3 additional hydraulic models
Developed sensor placement tool in KYPIPE • Minimizes time to detection • Places up to 5 sensors • Enumeration methods
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KY 13
KY 15
KY 14
Task 8.2: Accomplishments (continued)
Used KYPIPE sensor placement tool to find optimal sensor locations • 12 systems • 15 contamination scenarios • 1 and 2 sensors
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Compared time to detection between TEVA-SPOT and KYPIPE for all systems (1 and 2 sensors) • Verify effectiveness of KYPIPE
sensor placement tool
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
KY1 KY 2 KY 3 KY 4 KY 5 KY 6 KY 7 KY 8 KY 9 KY 10 KY 11 KY 12
Tim
e to
Det
ecti
on
(m
in)
System
Baseline Conditions (1000 mg/min x 4 hr) - 2 sensors
TEVA-SPOT
KYPIPE
Task 8.2: Deliverable
• Deliverable planned for this quarter – Water Quality Sensor Placement Guidance for Small to Medium
• Objective: Perform a field-scale tracer and pressure monitoring study to evaluate the ability of the real-time model to represent hydraulic and water quality transport variability
• Deliverable: – RTX Model and Calibration Report (80%)
• Detailed description of RTX, functionality, and SCADA interface
• Report summarizing the results of the detailed analysis comparing SCADA data with calibrated hydraulic/water quality model predictions, and assessment the impacts on water quality from network flow dynamics
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Task 7.1
• Accomplishments
• Significant Findings
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TASK 7.2 – Quantify Flow and Water Quality Dynamics Through Real-Time Modeling
• Objective: Analyze the ability of real-time
network models to represent hydraulic variability as expressed through existing SCADA data
• Deliverables:
– Water Quality and Flow Dynamics Report (80%)
• Detailed description of the operational SCADA system for the large utility (Northern Kentucky Water District) along with an analysis of the historical database.
• Summary of the results of the detailed analysis comparing SCADA data with calibrated hydraulic/water quality model predictions, and assessment the impacts on water quality from network flow dynamics.
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Task 7.2
• Accomplishments
• Significant Findings
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Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational
Decision Making
Task 9: Operational Toolkit
Jana Fattic Western Kentucky University
Dr. Andrew Ernest, Abdoul, Oubeidllah University of Alabama
Semantic Knowledge Development
Task 3 Utility Survey
Task 4 Physical Model
Task 6 Model
Calibration
Task 7 Flow
Dynamics
Task 8 Sensor
Placement
If………………… Then……………………. Rules
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Operational Toolkit
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User
Question
Data & Facts
ExplicitDecisional Response:
Predetermined Decision Tree
ImplicitDecisional Response:
Traditional Expert System
Model Results
Model Results
Responses/Recommendations
Fact Sheets WebLinksReports
Task 9 • Objectives: Develop an expert system based
toolkit that will incorporate knowledge-base acquired from Tasks 1-8 and provide an interview-style user interface that will guide users through rule based queries to assist them in the design of a monitoring and control system for their water distribution networks
• Deliverables – Distill knowledgebase and fact sheets from Tasks 1-8
– Create guidance documents
– Create a Toolkit with user interface
– Test and Evaluate Toolkit
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Task 9 • Accomplishments
– Fact sheets creation completed
– Guidance documents completed
– Toolkit framework completed
– Knowledgebase and rules creation completed
– Toolkit demonstration completed
• Future Work – The Toolkit development is heavily reliant on data
from the previous Tasks 1-8. Its development will continue as new data become available.
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Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational
This research was funded through funds provided by the Department of Homeland Security, administered by the National Institute for Hometown Security Kentucky Critical Infrastructure Protection program, under OTA # HSHQDC-07-3-00005, Subcontract # 02-10-UK. This support was greatly appreciated.
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