STUDYONTHETHERMALENVIRONMENT …jds/pdf/2013Seminar presentation/Le Khanh Ly.pdf2 INTRODUCTION...

Master’s in Environmental Science Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences

University of Tsukuba

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba

Presenter : LE KHANH LY Student ID : 201225032 Supervisor : 村上暁信

STUDY ON THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESIDENTS’ BEHAVIOR IN THE COURTYARD OF TRADITIONAL TUBE

HOUSES IN HANOI, VIETNAM.

2

INTRODUCTION RESEARCH REVIEW

EVAP

ORA

TION

CONVE

CTION

RADIAT

ION

RADIAT

ION

CONDUCTION

Personal factors Metabolic rate (activity) Clothing

Environmental factors Air temperature

Humidity Radiation Air velocity

Thermal Exchange between the Human Body and its Environment

(source: www.archinology.com )

CHARACTERISTICS of Vietnam

traditional house

THERMAL COMFORT IN TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN THE WORD •  Thermal comfort in Deachung of Korean traditional house

(2008) •  Thermal comfort in Malay house (2012) •  Thermal comfort in Chinese shop house in Malaysia (2009)

3

INTRODUCTION STUDY SITE

Hanoi

Ho Chi Minh City

Laos

Cambodia

China

Vietnam map

•  In center of Hanoi, Area: 91ha, covering 10 wards •  Population: 66,660, density of around 840 people/ha (2011) •  800 years of history, became a national historical relic (designated in

2001) •  Conservation and restoration are identi_ied

3km

N

Hanoi Old Quarter

Thang Long Old Castle

French Quarter

Hanoi Satellite map

4 Tube house has dark narrow alley

Hanoi Old Quarter is a naHonal cultural heritage

•  1,080 ancient houses were found in Hanoi ’s Old Quarter.

Living condiHon problem: Living condi*ons will further deteriorate, 1 house but have 21 house holds, no WC, no space to relax, bad microclimate (no space to get light, high temperature in summer, no venHlaHon space)

INTRODUCTION STUDY SITE

Courtyard in ancient house

Courtyard is a characteristic of Hanoi ancient tube house but now it’s disappearing cause replaced by new building.

Courtyard in past and now

courtyard

It is necessary to assess relationship of resident behavior and thermal environment of courtyard in Hanoi tube house to provide the basis for conservation this space or not.

5

•  TO CLARIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AT THE COURTYARD AND THE RESIDENT’S BEHAVIOR

PURPOSE OBJECTIVE

ü  Conduct to survey for ancient tube houses in Hanoi Old Quarter (taking photos)

Houses were surveyed

Taking photo

STUDY SITE OBSERVATION

GREEN TREE AND HAVING TRADITIONAL MATERIAL IN COURTYARD ARE VERY SCARCELY

NARROW ALLEY IN THE HOUSES HAVE A LOT OF HOUSE HOLDS

COURTYARD IS A COMMON YARD WITH A LOT OF ACTIVITIES IN THE HOUSE HAVE MANY HOUSE HOLDS

50 Houses were suveyed with 227 households

Houses in Hanoi Old Quarter on 3rd July to 28th August (by Le Khanh Ly)

FIELD SURVEY TO COLECT DATA FOR TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT TUBE HOUSES.

METHODOLOGY OBSERVATION

6 6


Taking photo









ü  Synthesizing map and material related to characteristic of Hanoi ancient tube houses: collected drawings including plans, cross sections and data of building materials

AutoCad drawings of 87 Mamay (source: Hanoi ancient house Department )

AutoCad drawings of 70 Mamay ( by LeKhanhLy)

7



Taking photo








8



OBSERVATION OF RESIDENTS’ BEHAVIOR BY INTERVAL CAMERA

ü  Using INTERVAL CAMERA (RECOLO) to record the human activities in the ancient tube houses.

Interval camera (RECOLO)

8 Houses were set up interval camera on 3rd July to 28th August

8




Taking photo









9







8 Houses were set up interval camera on 3rd July to 28th August FIELD SURVEY TO COLLECT DATA OF TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, HOURLY SUNLIGHT, SOLAR RADIATION, WIND SPEED.

ü  Collect data of Hourly sunlight, solar radiation and wind speed from Hydro Meteorological Data Center.

ü  Using Temperature Data loggers (Temperature and Humidity Recorder) in ancient tube house.

Courtyard

Outdoor measurement

Indoor measurement

Courtyard measurement

1.5 m

Temperature Data Loggers Set up equipment location

9



Taking photo









10







8 Houses were set up interval camera on 3rd July to 28th August FIELD SURVEY TO COLLECT DATA OF TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, HOURLY SUNLIGHT, SOLAR RADIATION, WIND SPEED.

ü  Collect data of Hourly sunlight, solar radiation and wind speed from Hydro Meteorological Data Center.

ü  Using Temperature Data loggers (Temperature and Humidity Recorder) in ancient tube house.

Courtyard

Outdoor measurement

Indoor measurement

Courtyard measurement

1.5 m

Temperature Data Loggers Set up equipment location

INTERVIEW INVESTIGATION

Items Contents

Periods 2013/7/3~ 2013/8/28

Surveyed Residents living in Hanoi Ancient tube houses

Methods Answer questionnaire

Effective replies

100 people answer questionnaire

INVESTIGATION SUMMARY

No Group of contents 1 Resident general information (gender, age, name, address) 2 House’s general information

3 Electricity consumption in the house

4 Current status of courtyard

5 Courtyard utilization

6 Resident desires about their houses, their courtyard ( preserve, restore, renovate, replace)

QUESTIONNAIRE CONTENTS 10

11

METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS

CREATING 3D CAD MODEL FOR SURVEYED TUBE HOUSES AND SURROUNDING AREA　

ORIGINAL ANCIENT HOUSE

ANCIENT HOUSE HAS BEEN DISTORTED

LUONG NGOC QUYEN STREET

MA MAY STREET

HANG BAC STREET

PHAT LOC ALLEY

3D-‐ CAD model example-‐ Ma May Street Block ( Vector Work software-‐ by Le Khanh Ly)

2D-‐ CAD plan of MaMay Street Block ( AutoCad software-‐ by Le Khanh Ly)

Location of MaMay Street Block ( Source: Hanoi ancient Houses Management Department)

SIMULATION OF THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN ANCIENT TUBE HOUSES BY THERMO RENDER

Calculate surface temperature and Mean Radiation Temperature (MRT) distribution map for 3D-‐ Model by Thermal Render

For example of Surface temperature MRT distribution map 11

ANALYSIS THE RELATIONSHIP OF RESIDENT BEHAVIOR AND THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN COURTYARD OF THIS TUBE HOUSE

COMFORTABLE SPACE ?

RESIDENTS USING?

INTERVIEW RESULTS

COURTYARD SHOULD BE MAINTAINED OR NOT?

11

RESULT INTERVIEW RESULTS

21% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Under 10 m2 10~20m2 Over 20m2

Living area per person

21% 79%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Number of households One household Many households

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Greenery in the house

30%

38% 10%

22%

Number of Courtyard in the house

House have 1 courtyard


House have more than 2 courtyard Houses don't have courtyard

LIVING CONDITION

12

13


72% 21% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Under 10 m2 10~20m2 Over 20m2

Living area per person

21% 79%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Number of households One household Many households

24%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Greenery in the house

30%

38% 10%

22%

Number of Courtyard in the house



House have more than 2 courtyard Houses don't have courtyard

LIVING CONDITION

Good 17%

Normal 28%

Bad 55%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Lack of space to live

Lack of green space

High temperature in the summer

Inadequate sanitation

Degradation of the house

Lack of sunlight

Lack of ventilation

Lack of community

100%

22%

71%

76%

82%

55%

42%

20%

REASONS FOR BAD EVALUATION

RESIDENTS’ SELF-‐ PERPECTIVE

LIVING CONDITION

13


14

usually 80%

sometime 12% rarely

5%

never 3%

Courtyards utilization rate

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Relaxing

Taking care of _lower and trees

Eating and Drinking tea

Playing with children or pets

Spend with family and friends

Going some where

19%

15%

11%

28%

24%

83%

COURTYARD UTILIZATION TYPE 1: ACTIVITIES ACCORDANCE WITH ORIGINAL FUNCTION OF COURTYARD

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Cooking

Parking

Drying clothes

Face washing, bathing

Talking with neighbors

53%

49%

59%

29%

56%

TYPE 2: ACTIVITIES ACCORDANCE WITH NEW FUNCTION OF COURTYARD


15

COURTYARD UTILIZATION

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Save energy consumption

Cooler than indoor spaces

More ventilated than indoor spaces

Have a beautiful garden in courtyard

Linking between buildings

Lack living spaces in the houses, courtyard is used like indoor spaces

Communication space

35%

23%

50%

14%

83%

85%

58%

REASONS WHY RESIDENTS USE COURTYARD ON PREMISES


16

RESIDENTS’ DESIRES

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

40%

15%

10%

31%

4%

RESIDENTS' DESIRES ABOUT COURTYARD

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Need to have comprehensive investment projects to restore and preserve

Citizents have knowledges and strongly desire to maintain traditional value and environment living

Need to have resonable govement policies to reduce high density in ancient houses

Need to have knowledges about using courtyard to save energy consumption

73%

23%

38%

67%

RESIDENTS' IDEAL: HOW TO PRESERVE OR RESTORE COURTYARD

Don’t care

Replace CY by new building

Renovate the CY style

Restore CY to traditional style

Preserve the CY

RESULT SIMULATION MODEL

MAKE 3D-‐ CAD MODEL BY VECTOR WORK SOFTWARE

17

Houses were set up equipment Group of houses

HOUSES OBSERVATION

GROUP 1

GROUP 2 GROUP 3

GROUP OF HOUSES TIME SET UP EQUIPMENT

Group 1: 20 Bat Su, 7 Hang Dieu 2013/7/22~ 2013/7/29

Group 2: 114 Hang Bac, 176 Hang Bac, 33 Hang Dieu

203/7/30~2013/8/6

Group 3: 87 Ma May, 70 Ma may, 32 Phat Loc

2013/8/12~2013/8/19

3D-‐ CAD MODEL OF GROUP 3-‐ MAMAY AREA (by Le Khanh Ly)

87 MA MAY

70 MA MAY

32 PHAT LOC


MAKE 3D-‐ CAD MODEL BY VECTOR WORK SOFTWARE

No 32 PHAT LOC ALLEY No 70 MAMAY STREET No 87 MAMAY STREET

PLAN

Courtyard Courtyard Courtyard

PERPECTIVE

CONDITIONS •  Has 1 house hold (5 people).

•  1 CY between 2 buildings. •  Material of the house is mix

b e t w e e n t r a d i t i o n a l material and new material.

•  Has 8 house hold (40 people) •  Courtyard became the alley to approach the buildings

•  Most of material of this house is new material.

•  Original ancient house, became museum for tourist.

•  2 CY between 3 buildings. •  Most of material in this

h o u s e i s t r a d i t i o n a l material

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33.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

08/07 08/08 08/09 08/10 08/11 08/12 08/13 08/14 08/15 08/16 08/17 08/18

Humidity

(%)

Tempe

rature (℃

)

Date

Outdoor Avg Tempurature Avg Humidity


TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY FROM MEASUREMENT DATA

Items Contents Time set up equipment 2013/8/12~ 2013/8/19

Setup Temperature Data Loggers

-‐  Above ground level: 1.5m -‐  1 equipment in courtyard, 1 in living room

Address 70 MaMay, 87 MaMay, 32 Phat Loc in Ma May Block Street

8/14 19

33.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

08/07 08/08 08/09 08/10 08/11 08/12 08/13 08/14 08/15 08/16 08/17 08/18

Humidity

(%)

Tempe

rature (℃

)

Date

Outdoor Avg Tempurature Avg Humidity


TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY FROM MEASUREMENT DATA

Items Contents Time set up equipment 2013/8/12~ 2013/8/19

Setup Temperature Data Loggers

-‐  Above ground level: 1.5m -‐  1 equipment in courtyard, 1 in living room

Address 70 MaMay, 87 MaMay, 32 Phat Loc in Ma May Block Street

8/14 20 Hourly temperature and humidity of 3 houses on 14th August

34.5

39.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Tempe

rature (℃

)

Indoor Average Temperature

Courtyard Average Temperature

43.04

32.38

0

10

20

30

40

50

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Tempe

rature(℃

）

Courtyard Average Temperature Indoor Average Temperature

No 32 PHAT LOC ALLEY

No 70 MAMAY STREET

No 87 MAMAY STREET

Time

Time

Time

90.4 82

0

20

40

60

80

100

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Courtyard Average Humidity

Indoor Average Humidity

74.7

79.5

0

20

40

60

80

100

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Courtyard Average Humidity Indoor Average Humidity

76.0

44.6

0

20

40

60

80

100

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Indoor Average Humidity Courtyard Average Humidity

Time

Time

Time

Humidity

(%)

Humidity

(%)

Humidity

(%)

32.84 32.19

0

10

20

30

40

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Temperature( ℃

)

Courtyard Average Temperature

Indoor Average Temperature

20


21

12h00 14th August -‐ SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF THREE HOUSES

MAKE THEMAL MODEL BY THERMO RENDER SOFTWARE

87 MA MAY

32 PHAT LOC

70 MA MAY

22

Tourist takes a photo

Prepare for cooking

12h00 14th August – In courtyard-‐ 87 Ma May

DISCUSSION

PEOPLE ENJOY IN THE COOLER AREA OF THE COURTYARD

35.5

(Air temperature: 38.1 oC)

23

DISCUSSION

COURTYARD IS VERY NARROW, HAVE A LOT OF SHADOW ON THIS AREA. DEPEND ON TYPE OF RESIDENTS ACTIVITIES, THE SHADOW IS COMFORTABLE OR NOT.

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Cooking Parking

Drying clothes Face washing, bathing Talking with neighbors

53% 49% 59%

29% 56%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Relaxing

Taking care of dlower and trees

Eating and Drinking tea

Playing with children or pets

Spend with family and friends

Going some where

19%

15%

11%

28%

24%

83%

Drying clothes need sunlight (photo at 78 Hang Dao)

Playing with children under the shadow in courtyard (photo at 87 Ma May)

DISCUSSION

RESIDENTS’S BEHAVIOR AT COURTYARD IN THE PAST

Children played in courtyard

Traditional music in the rich family

Bonsai care of elderly

Cultural beauty in Hanoi’s people lifestyle

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Save energy consumption

Cooler than indoor spaces

More ventilated than indoor spaces

Have a beautiful garden in courtyard

Linking between buildings

Lack living spaces in the houses, courtyard is used like indoor spaces

Communication space

35%

23%

50%

14%

83%

85%

58%

REASONS WHY RESIDENTS USE COURTYARD ON PREMISES

A LOT OF HANOI OLD TUBE HOUSES HAVE MANY HOUSEHOLDS, A LOT OF INDOOR ACTIVITIES IN COURTYARD.

Personal cleanliness

cooking

Temporary bathroom and WC

INTERVAL CAMERA: Resident behavior at courtyard in 20 Bat Su 24

25

NO PERIOD WORK

01 DEC /2013

•  Continuing simulation of 8 ancient tube houses by Vector Work software, and make a Thermal Render model.

•  Continuing analysis Interval Recorder result to clarify relationship of residents’ behavior and Thermal environment characteristics.

02 JAN/2014 •  Complete assessment relationship between residents’ behavior and thermal environment

•  Conclusion and propose some solutions for courtyards.

03 FEB ~ APR/2014 •  Complete the research paper.

04 MAY/2014 •  Final presentation

FUTURE WORK

26

1)  Verbeek, Peter-‐Paul; Slob, Adriaan (Eds.),2006, Shaping Sustainable Relations Between Consumers and Technologies, XVI, 409 p.

2)  Kim, Dowon Lee. 2008.The inVluent of wind Vlows on thermal comfort in the Daechung of traditional Korean house. Pp 21-‐25. (http://www.sciencedirect.com)

3)  Miyoko SHIMOKAWA, Tetsuo TEZUKA, 2012. A study on a relationship between cognition of greenery environment in residential area and energy-‐ saving lifestyle in Japan

4)  Richard J.de Dear, Gail S. Brager . 2002. Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings: revisions to ASHRAE Standard 55. Pp 551-‐556 (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enbuild)

5)  Ramli. 2012. Re-‐adaptation of Malay House Thermal Comfort Design Elements into Modern Building Elements – Case Study of Selangor Traditional Malay House & Low Energy Building in Malaysia. pp 19-‐23 (http:// 10.5829/idosi.ijee.2012.03.05.04)

6)  Tetsu Kubota. 2009. Thermal comfort in traditional Malay house. In lecture “Sustainable Architect”, Hiroshima University.

7)  To Kien .2008. Conservation pressing task and new documentation of old tube houses in Hanoi Old Quarter through the case of No. 47 Hang Bac Street house, Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), Tokyo, No.624.

8)  Hoang Huu Phe & Nishimura. 1990. "Historical environment & housing conditions in "36 old streets" Quarter of Hanoi". Bangkok.

9)  To Kien. 2008. Old tube house and neo tube house in Hanoi: comparative study on identify and topology. International conference on East Asian Architectural Culture, Kumamoto University.

10)  Y.Xiong, 2007,the impact of exterior environmental comfort on residential behavior from the insight of building energy conservation: A Case study on Lower Ngau Tau KOK estate in Hong Kong, 2nd PALENC conference and 28th AIV Conference on Building Low Energy Cooling and Advance Ventilation Technologies in the 21st Century

REFERENCES

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