STYLE , REGISTER AND DIALECT

Submitted to:Miss Atia Rehman

Submitted By :Sidra Shahid

LANGUAGE VARIETIES

Language Varieties

• Language variety refers to the various forms of language triggered by social factors such as:-

• Social situation• Occupation• Age• Geography• Education• Gender• Social status• Ethnicity

• For example:

Language Varieties Cover

• Standard language• Style• Dialects• Registers• Pidgins• Creoles

Standard Language

• For social political reasons, a variety of language may be officially elevated as the national language, such a language variety is called standard language.

It is associated to• Prestige• Education • Public life

• Prestige: Prestigious speaker such as Imran khan

Education:Academic writing and learning

Public life:• Science , Political , Religion • Used by educated speaker

Dialects• A variety of a language used recognizably in a

specific region or by a specific social class is called a dialect.

• The study of dialect is called dialectology.

Dialects are categorized into 4 types :• Regional• Temporal dialects• Sociolects• Idiolects

Regional Dialects• Regional / geographical dialects includes

varieties of a language spoken in a geographical area.

Sindhi is one of the regional dialect of Pakistan

Temporal dialects

• Varieties of a language used at particular stages in its historical development.

For example:• We identify Shakespeare's English as being

different from our English.

Sociolects• Sociolects includes varieties of a language

used by people belonging to particular social classes.

For example:• Christian , Muslims and Jewish in Baghdad

speak different variety of Arabic

• American English and British English:

Idiolects:

Varieties of a language used by individual speakers, with peculiarities

of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary.

For Example:• Tusī kivēṁ hō? • Ki haal ae tada?• TuhaaDey kiaa haal hin?• Key haal ne ?

Registers• Registers are varieties of language used in different

situations, which are identified by the degrees of formality.

Formal register Informal register

The register theory by HallidayIt consists of three points:-• Field of discourse: what is being discussedExample: Security of educational institute • Mode of discourse: oral or written Oral and written• Tenor of discourse: relation betweenParticipants Formal register used by CH Nisar (Interior

Minister ) in press conference.

S T Y L E

Style• Language style is defined as the choice of

words used by a specific group of people when they speak.

• An example of language style is the words, jargon and abbreviations which are used by the doctor.

Language styles• There are four main language styles

Elements of Style in language

Voice

Word choice

Tone

Voice• Tell us about the feelings and mood aboutthe subject.

Word choice

• Words should be clear and concise.

• Word choice is the careful selection of wordsthat fit audience, topic and purpose. Wellchosen words may create colorful images andthey show meaning and attention of speaker.

Example:-

Tone

Tone tells what authors attitude toward thesubject is• Formal • Informal• Harsh • Polite

PidginPidgin: A mixed language with a small vocabulary anda simple grammar used by speakers of twolanguages to communicate. So it is also calledcontact language.

Two features of pidgin languages:1. A pidgin has no native speakers.2. It is a simplified language with reduced

vocabulary and grammar.

Example: English Tok-Pisin

Please Plis•

Creoles

• When a pidgin begins to acquire native speakers who use it as their primary language, the pidgin turns to be a Creole.

• The process by which a pidgin develops is called Pidginization; the process by which a pidgin becomes a Creole is called Creolization.

Example• English of Blacks in the US.• The speaker may feel that they speaksomething less than normal.

Any

Question