Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems 12
Subhojit DawnValentina Emilia BalasAnna EspositoSadhan Gope Editors
Intelligent Techniques and Applications in Science and TechnologyProceedings of the First International Conference on Innovations in Modern Science and Technology
Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems
Volume 12
Series Editors
George A. Tsihrintzis, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
Maria Virvou, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
Lakhmi C. Jain, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Technology, Sydney,NSW, Australia; University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia;KES International, Shoreham-by-Sea, UK; Liverpool HopeUniversity, Liverpool, UK
The main aim of the series is to make available a publication of books in hard copyform and soft copy form on all aspects of learning, analytics and advancedintelligent systems and related technologies. The mentioned disciplines are stronglyrelated and complement one another significantly. Thus, the series encouragescross-fertilization highlighting research and knowledge of common interest. Theseries allows a unified/integrated approach to themes and topics in these scientificdisciplines which will result in significant cross-fertilization and research dissem-ination. To maximize dissemination of research results and knowledge in thesedisciplines, the series publishes edited books, monographs, handbooks, textbooksand conference proceedings.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16172
Subhojit Dawn • Valentina Emilia Balas •
Anna Esposito • Sadhan GopeEditors
Intelligent Techniquesand Applications in Scienceand TechnologyProceedings of the First InternationalConference on Innovations in Modern Scienceand Technology
123
EditorsSubhojit DawnDepartment of Electrical EngineeringSiliguri Institute of TechnologySukna, West Bengal, India
Valentina Emilia BalasDepartment of Automation and AppliedInformaticsAurel Vlaicu University of AradArad, Arad, Romania
Anna EspositoDepartment of Psychology and IIASSUniversità della Campania “LuigiVanvitelli”Caserta, Caserta, Italy
Sadhan GopeMizoram UniversityAizawl, Mizoram, India
ISSN 2662-3447 ISSN 2662-3455 (electronic)Learning and Analytics in Intelligent SystemsISBN 978-3-030-42362-9 ISBN 978-3-030-42363-6 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42363-6
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or partof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionor information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt fromthe relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor theauthors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material containedherein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regardto jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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Contents
A Treatise on Distributed Generation Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Arindam Sanyal, Prashant Kumar Tiwari, Rajesh Panda, and Ravi Teja
Approach for the Prevention of Audio Piracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Avantika Mussady, Parichita Ray, and Sauvik Bal
Quality Assessment of Kaji Lemon (Citrus limon) Juice UnderUltrasound and Pasteurization Processing Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Radha Krishnan Kesavan, Prakash Kumar Nayak, and Padmaram Mili
Optimal Parameter Extraction of PEM Fuel Cell Usingan Effective Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti, Karthik Balasubramanian, and N. Rajasekar
A Survey on Feature Extraction Methods for EEG BasedEmotion Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Souvik Phadikar, Nidul Sinha, and Rajdeep Ghosh
Block Steganography Based Secure Key Encryption to ImproveData Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Arindam Roy, Jayshree Bhattacharya, Sayantani Kundu,Sudipta Sahana, and Dharmpal Singh
Texture Analysis for Rice Grain Classification Using WaveletDecomposition and Back Propagation Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Ksh. Robert Singh and Saurabh Chaudhury
An Analytics-Based Envelope Neural Net Approach to ForecastingMemory Leakage in an Enterprise Applications Environment . . . . . . . . 66Nitin Khosla and Dharmendra Sharma
Modelling and Analysis of Mode Choice Behaviour for Work Tripsin Srinagar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Suhail Ahmad Khanday and Mokaddes Ali Ahmed
v
Simplistic Deep Learning for Japanese HandwrittenDigit Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Arkadip Ghosh, Aishwarjyamoy Mukherjee, and Chinmoy Ghosh
An Efficient Computation and Storage Outsourcing Processwith Verification for Light Weight Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Somen Debnath and Bubu Bhuyan
Six Wheeled All Terrain Multipurpose Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Mohammad Quazi Raaheeb Hossain, Mehdi Azim, Tadib Chowdhury,Abhijit Saha Prince, Mashfique Ahmed, and Md. Nasfikur R. Khan
A Study on Smart Cities Using Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Yagnyasenee Sen Gupta and Shyamapada Mukherjee
A Comprehensive Study on GMU Protocol and Its DesigningImpact in Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Ammlan Ghosh
A Study of Various Natural Language Processing Worksfor Assamese Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128R. R. Deka, S. Kalita, M. P. Bhuyan, and S. K. Sarma
An Android Application to Calculate the Average ChemicalPresence in Food Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Md. Nasfikur R. Khan, Moshiur Rahman Khan,A. K. Ehsanul Haque Mashuk, Fahim Islam Sunny, S. K. Adif Farhan,and Ramendra Narayan Saha Shukhon
Design of Photonic Crystal Based Optical Sensor for AnalyzingWater Content in Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Uttara Biswas, Gaurav Kumar Bharti, and Jayanta Kumar Rakshit
Rotational Cryptographic Technique (RCT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Debajyoti Guha, Rajdeep Chakraborty, and J. K. Mandal
Reconfiguration of Radial Distribution Network ImplementingTLBO Algorithm for Loss Minimizationand Reliability Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Bipul Kumar Talukdar, Bimal Chandra Deka, Arup Kumar Goswami,and Debdeep Saha
IOT Based Garbage Monıtorıng and Clearance Alert System . . . . . . . . 165Kuraish Bin Quader Chowdhury, Abdul Muneem Al Hasani,Kashshaf Labeeb, Md. Raihanul Karim, A. K. Ehsanul Haque Mashuk,and Md. Nasfikur R. Khan
Integration of Solar and Wind Energy for UninterruptiblePower Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Rubi Kumari, Shreya Shree Das, and Subhojit Roy
vi Contents
Non-critical Demands Managed Load Frequency Stabilizationof Dish-Stirling-Biodiesel Based Islanded Microgrid System UsingFF Optimized Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Abdul Latif, Dulal Chandra Das, Kalpajyoti Biswas, Kundan Kumar,Raja Kumar, and Shahid Injamul Hussain
Smart Electric Mobility: Exploring Possibilities Towardsa Better India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Bappaditya Shome, Suman Dutta, Arkaprova Deb, Risab Biswas,and Abhishek Nandy
Tracking Suspicious User Behavior Through Hybrid FeatureSelection Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204Anusree Roy and Mousumi Gupta
Comparative Analysis of FACTS Coordinated Hybrid PowerSystem with RFB for AGC Using GOA BasedF-2DOF-PID Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Debasis Tripathy, A. K. Barik, N. B. Dev Choudhury, and B. K. Sahu
FPA Optimized Controller for Frequency Control of Dish Stirling/Diesel/Fuel Cell/Energy Storage Based Autonomous Hybrid System . . . 219Israfil Hussain, D. C. Das, A. Latif, N. Sinha, and S. Ranjan
Synthesis of ZnO Film as Transparent Conductive Oxidefor Solar Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Paramita Sarkar and Abhijit Sinha
Impact of Modified Static Series Synchronous Compensatorin Enhancing the AGC Performance of Multiple UnitPower System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Debdeep Saha, Kishore Jyoti Baruah, Manash Jyoti Borah,Prasanna Saikia, Santonu Koushik Tamuly, and Bipul Kumar Talukdar
INSIDER: An Android Application for Automatic Categorizationof News Items by Using LDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246Pratima Sarkar, Natasha Sah, and Abhinoy Pradhan
Evaluating Compressive Strength of Concrete Comprising NanoSilica and Marble Dust Using Rebound Hammer Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254V. S. Kashyap, G. Sancheti, K. Arora, S. Jain, and K. Mahale
Comparative Analysis of Impacts on Voltage Stability for ElectricalLoading Loading in IEEE-14 Bus System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Pawan Kumar Kushwaha, Priyanka Ray, and Chayan Bhattacharjee
A Proposal to Regulate Frequency in Deregulated Power SystemUsing Unscheduled Interchange Tariff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269Shafqat Nabi Mughal and Yog Raj Sood
Contents vii
Performance Evaluation of Different Halftone Kernels for BinaryFace Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278Yumnam Kirani Singh and Vanlalhruaia
Series Compensation Technique for the Reduction of Voltage Sagfor Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Chinmaya Behera, Shiladitya Dey, Abhishek Banik,Galiveeti Hemakumar Reddy, and Arup Kumar Goswami
Regression Analysis of Large Research Data: DimensionalReduction Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296Yagyanath Rimal
MRI Image Reconstruction Through Contour Interpolation . . . . . . . . . 307Bijoyeta Roy, Shivank Goel, and Mousumi Gupta
Detection and Classification of Fault in Transmission Line UsingPAC Technology Based Real Time SCADA System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Shuma Adhikari, Subir Datta, Nidul Sinha, and Bappa Roy
Model for Estimating On-street Parking Demand in Urban CBD . . . . . 321Debasish Das, Mokaddes Ali Ahmed, and Saikat Deb
An Ultrasonic Sensor with a Raspberry Pi for Avoiding Obstacle . . . . . 330R. Chawngsangpuii and Prodipto Das
A Dynamic Analysis of Riverbank Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Debasish Biswas, Arijit Dutta, Sanchayan Mukherjee,and Asis Mazumdar
Enhanced Removal of Arsenic Through a Low Cost DomesticFilter Designed by Innovative Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346Suman Koner and Anirban Gupta
Data Hiding Based on Adaptive Threshold Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354Chaitali Koley, Krishna Kumar Bhargav, and Hirak Kumar Maity
Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination Using HybridBBO-PSO Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364Romio Atha, Tapan Santra, and Animesh Karmakar
Grid Connected PMSG Based Wind Energy Conversion SystemUsing Back-to-Back Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Subir Datta, Subhasish Deb, Asim Datta, Shuma Adhikari,and Bappa Roy
Analysis of Narrow Beamwidth Microwave Scanning Techniquesof Biological Targets Using Dipole Array Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383Deborsi Basu and Kabita Purkait
viii Contents
Detection of Human Activity for Ambient Assisted Living:A SVM Based Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394Rohan Mandal, Uday Maji, and Saurabh Pal
Numerical Solution of Tumor-Immune Model with TargetedChemotherapy by Multi Step Differential Transformation Method . . . . 404Biplab Dhar and Praveen Kumar Gupta
A Novel Model Predictive Control Based MPPT TrackingAlgorithm for Solar Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412Jenson Joseph Attukadavil, Ravina Sawant, and B. B. Pimple
LMI Based Robust Control of Inverted Pendulum System . . . . . . . . . . 420Md. Shah Alam and Sharmistha Mandal
Distribution System Failure Assessment Using Fuzzy FaultTree Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429Galiveeti Hemakumar Reddy, Sadhan Gope, More Raju, Sunil Kumar P,Arup Kumar Goswami, and Nalin B. Dev Choudhury
Development of Control and Drive Circuitry Using PIC18F67K22Microcontroller for Bi-Directional Buck-Boost Converter DrivenElectric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Soumen Dutta, Sk Abdul Mahasin, Sondipan Maiti,Archak Sadhukhan, and S. S. Saha
Investigation on the Application of Fuzzy Logic Controllerin Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Lalhungliana, Bidhan Malakar, and Saibal Chatterjee
SVM Based Modified Self-control Technique for PMSynchronous Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453Arabindo Chandra, Soumyajit Datta, and Sumana Chowdhuri
A Novel Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennawith Edge Cuts on Patch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461L. Lolit Kumar Singh, Abhijyoti Ghosh, and Sudipta Chattopadhyay
Controller Design for a Robot Manipulator System Using AdaptiveBackstepping Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467Samiran Maiti and Achintya Das
A New DC-DC Converter with Large Step-Up Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475Swarnali Jhampati and S. S. Saha
Study of Polarization Purity of Rectangular Microstrip AntennaIntegrated with Pentagon Dumbelled Shaped DefectedGround Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484Anuj Kumar Nath, L. Lolit Kumar Singh, Sudipta Chattopadhyay,and Abhijyoti Ghosh
Contents ix
A Modified Five-Level Inverter Topology for EV UsingNon-conventional Energies with Grid Connected Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493Indranil Kushary, Sayan Paramanik, Krishna Sarker, Jayanti Sarker,and Pritam Kumar Gayen
Sine-Cosine Algorithm Based Automatic Load-Frequency Controlof Hybrid Microgrid with Demand Side Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505Mausri Bhuyan, Dulal Chandra Das, and Amar Kumar Barik
Load Frequency Control of a Thermal-Wind Integrated PowerGenerating System with IDD Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516Indrajit Koley, Asim Datta, and Goutam Kumar Panda
A Proposal for Evaluating the Clearness Index Based on ExtraTerrestrial Radiations at a Given Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524Shafqat Nabi Mughal, Yog Raj Sood, and R. K. Jarial
Application of Perturb and Observe Algorithm for MPPTTechnique in Association with MP Controller for Reducingthe THD of Grid Connected PV Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532Sadasiva Behera, Mayur Barman, N. B. Dev Choudhury,and Satyaki Biswas
An Alike Day Data Improved Fuzzy Logic Controller for WeekAhead Power System Load Forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540Mayur Barman, N. B. Dev Choudhury, and Sadasiva Behera
A Survey on Improving the Solar Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548Arpan Ghatak and Bidhan Malakar
Advanced Home Automation Using Internet of Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557Rajarshi Bhattacharya, Ayan Das, Udita Bose, Ananya Mukhopadhyay,and Nantu Das
Review of Capacity Estimation at Unsignalized Intersectionsin the Indian Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562Manish Dutta and Mokaddes Ali Ahmed
A Review on Reconfigurable Microstrip Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568Pritam B. Nikam, Achinta Baidya, and Jayendra Kumar
A Different Multi-input DC-DC Converter for Renewable PowerSystem Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578Sucharita Pal and Dola Sinha
The Review of Studies on Scheffler Solar Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589Qamar Ul Islam and Fatemeh Khozaei
Combined Motion Generation by Electro-Hydraulic StewartPlatform for Manufacturing Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596Saddam Hossain Mullick and Sibsankar Dasmahapatra
x Contents
Smart Three Layer Anti-theft Vehicle Security System Basedon Arduino Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605Haorongbam Robert Singh, David L. Hmar, Chungkhuplal Aimol,Sadhan Gope, and Ksh. Robert Singh
Economic Sustainability Maximization Considering Demand SideBidding in a PV Integrated Restructured Electricity Market . . . . . . . . . 617Sadhan Gope, Subhojit Dawn, Galiveeti Hemakumar Reddy,Arup Kumar Goswami, and Prashant Kumar Tiwari
Application of the Empirical Mode Decomposition to Detect Faultin Power Electronic Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628Dibyendu Khan, Soyel Ghosh, and Sankhadip Saha
Augmented Reality Based Smart Ambulance System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635A. Kavithamani, R. Vijay, S. Monika, E. Sentamilan, and S. Ramya
An Experimental Paradigm for Evaluation of Entropy and PaceBased Ocular Parameters for Detection of Fatigue and Drowsiness . . . . 642Ashis Kumar Das, Prashant Kumar, Suman Halder, Anwesha Banerjee,and D. N. Tibarewala
TWHP (TYPE-WHAT-HOW-POSE): A Novel Nomenclaturefor Hand Anthropometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650Dhananjay Singh Bisht and Mohammed Rajik Khan
Impact of Partition Based Clustering Algorithms to ClusterSamples in Microarray Gene Expression Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659Chandra Das, Shilpi Bose, Debanjana Karmakar, Agniswar Roy,Natasha Ghosh, Abhik Banerjee, and Matangini Chattopadhyay
A Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm for EconomicScheduling of Hydrothermal Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669Sujoy Das, Debashish Bhowmik, and Sampa Das
Smart Waste Management: A Revolutionary Step Towardsa Better India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678Bappaditya Shome, Arkaprova Deb, Surabhi Ghosh, Anjali Shukla,Anjali Prasad, Risab Biswas, and Abhishek Nandy
Numerical Modeling of Bifurcation and Leakage of Blood Flowin Mitral Valve to Predict Heart Malfunctioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684Sandip Saha, Pankaj Biswas, and Sujit Nath
Kinematic Modeling of Stewart Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693Mintu Ghosh and Sibsankar Dasmahapatra
Thermoelectric Refrigeration System with Water Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . 702Arnab Bose, Avishek Debnath, and Sibsankar Dasmahapatra
Contents xi
Characterizing Single Line to Ground (SLG) Events with IndianPower Grid’s Synchrophasor Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710Bipasha Nath and Diptendu Sinha Roy
A Review of TOPSIS Method for Multi Criteria Optimizationin Manufacturing Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719Ch. Divya, L. Suvarna Raju, and B. Singaravel
Semantic Similarity and Word-Net Based Web News Classification . . . . 728Rakesh Dutta, Biswapati Jana, and Mukta Majumder
Green Vehicle Routing Problem: A Critical Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736Kedar Nath Das and Rajeev Das
Burst Probability Based Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithmin Cloud Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746Soumen Swarnakar, Biplab Mal, Suchetana Ray, and Chandan Banerjee
A Short Note on Spanning Cactus Problem of Petersen Graph . . . . . . . 757Chinmay Debnath and Alak Kumar Datta
An Efficient Approach to Analyse Sentiment Using Deep Learning . . . . 761Indrajit Dawn, Gopi Bondhu Ganguly, and Koyel Chakraborty
Design of Robust Response Time Based Controller for Regulationof Frequency of an Isolated Micro-grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769Badal Kumar, Ganesh Ketha, Loitongbam Surajkumar Singh,Shuma Adhikari, and Nidul Sinha
Automatic Color Image Segmentation Using Clustering Technique . . . . 780Narayana Reddy Ankireddy and Ranjita Das
Effect of Demonetization on Stock Market Co-rrelatedwith Geo-Twitter Sentiment Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789Nabanita Das, Parikshit Ghosh, and Debajyoti Roy
Optimal Load-Frequency Regulation of Demand ResponseSupported Isolated Hybrid Microgrid Using Fuzzy PD+I Controller . . . 798Amar Kumar Barik, Debasis Tripathy, Dulal Chandra Das,and Subash Ch. Sahoo
Looking into Algorithms to Evolve a Robust Classificationof Ultrasound Image of Human Liver Steatosis Using TwoIndependent Image Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807Nivedita Neogi, Archana Singh, Arunabha Adhikari,and Madhusudan Roy
A New Non-isolated Bi-directional Buck-Boost Converter with WideRange Voltage Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817Sk Abdul Mahasin, Soumen Dutta, Sondipan Maiti, Archak Sadhukhan,and S. S. Saha
xii Contents
Design of P-I-D Power System Stabilizer Using Oppositional KrillHerd Algorithm for a Single Machine Infinite Bus System . . . . . . . . . . . 827Pronami Mukherjee, Ayan Das, and Partha Sarathi Bera
Evaluation of Costate Variables and Performance Indexto the Feedback Path for a Time Varying System by Norm LinearBounded Linear Differential Inclusions Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845Nirmalya Chandra and Achintya Das
Application of Bio-inspired Social Spider Algorithm in Valve-Pointand Prohibited Operating Zones Constrained Optimal Load Flowof Combined Heat and Power System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853Pradosh K. Adhvaryyu, Shreya Adhvaryyu, Santosh Prabhakar,and Sudip Bid
A Review on Leaf Disease Detection Using ComputerVision Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863Ranjita Rout and Priyadarsan Parida
Real-Time Crowd Detection and Surveillance System Usingan Arduino Based Flight Controller for Quadcopters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872Kamalesh Kalirathinam, Hari Rathod, Yash Agrawal, and Rutu Parekh
Dynamic Load Balancing Based Cloud Computingin Network Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880Soumen Swarnakar, Asmita Bhowal, and Chandan Banerjee
Low Mutual Coupling 1 � 2 Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888T. Maturia and Baranikunta Harikrishnab
Synchronization for Nonlinear Time-Delay Chaotic DiabetesMellitus System via Sliding Mode Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893Nalini Prasad Mohanty, Rajeeb Dey, and Binoy Krishna Roy
Parallel Load Efficiency Factor Based Dynamic Load BalancingAlgorithm in Cloud Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901Soumen Swarnakar, Akanksha Priyadarshni, Arka Das,and Chandan Banerjee
Comparative Performance Analysis of Different Measuresto Select Disease Related Informative Genes from MicroarrayGene Expression Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912Chandra Das, Shilpi Bose, Abhik Banerjee, Sourav Dutta,Kuntal Ghosh, and Matangini Chattopadhyay
A Comparative Study on the Performance of Fuzzy Logic, ParticleSwarm Optimization, Firefly Algorithm and Cuckoo SearchAlgorithm Using Residual Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923Shrayasi Datta and J. Pal Choudhury
Contents xiii
Atmospheric Exposure of Electromagnetic Radiation from CellularMobile Base Station Antennas to Its Vicinity- a Case Study . . . . . . . . . 931Jyotirmay Tewary, Pratik Dey, Amitesh Das, Kousik Roy,and Susanta Kumar Parui
Cloud Computing: It’s Security and Introduction to AmazonWeb Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942Utsa Ghosh and Supriyo Dolui
DC Performance Analysis of Heterojunction Tunnel FETby Optimizing Various High-j Materials: HfO2/ZrO2
with Low/High-j Spacer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952Ritam Dutta, Ankita Guha, Manisha Rahaman, and Nitai Paitya
Modified Boost Converter for Increased Voltage Gain Applicablefor Multiple Renewable Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960Aamir Haider, Rubi Kumari, Moumi Pandit, and K. S. Sherpa
Discrimination of Rice Based on Alkali Spreading Value (ASV)by Machine Vision Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968Amitava Akuli, Anil Kumar Bag, Arindam Sarkar, Abhra Pal,Sabyasachi Majumdar, Tamal Dey, Gopinath Bej, Srimoyee Chaudhury,and Nabarun Bhattacharyya
Compact Multi Frequency Microstrip Antenna with EnhancedGain Using Multiple U-Shaped Slotted Modified Ground Plane . . . . . . . 974Surajit Mukherjee, Avisankar Roy, Sunandan Bhunia,Debasree Chanda Sarkar, and Partha Pratim Sarkar
Investigating the Noise Immunity Property of ElectroOptic Modulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982Aditi Datta, Anjan K. Ghosh, Anjan Mukherjee,and Debashish Bhowmik
Face Recognition Using Transfer Learning on UFI Dataset . . . . . . . . . . 989Soumik Ranjan Dasgupta and Srinibas Rana
Non-linear Heart Rate Variability Analysis of ElectrocardiogramSignal Under Different Body Posture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997Prashant Kumar, Ashis Kumar Das, Prachita, and Suman Halder
Heterogeneous Decomposition of Predictive Modeling Approachon Crime Dataset Using Machine Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004Anupam Mukherjee and Anupam Ghosh
IoT Based Control of Robotic Arm Using EMG Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013Morrel V. L. Nunsanga, Y. Thanrun Kumar, Bikrant Kumar,Murad Alam Mirja, and Rajesh Kumar
xiv Contents
Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Pre-treatment on Osmo-DehydrationKinetics and Quality of Star Fruit (Averrhoa Carambola L) Slices:An Optimization Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019Gitanjali Behera, Kalpana Rayaguru, and Prakash Kumar Nayak
Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for UWB Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028Tanmoy Sarkar, Abhijyoti Ghosh, Subhradeep Chakraborty,L. Lolit Kumar Singh, and Sudipta Chattopadhyay
Solving Knapsack Problem with Fuzzy RandomVariable Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037Vishnu Pratap Singh and Debjani Chakraborty
Unsteady Flow Behind an MHD Exponential Shock Wavein a Rotational Axisymmetric Non-ideal Gas with Conductiveand Radiative Heat Fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049P. K. Sahu
Similarity Solution for the Flow Behind an Exponential ShockWave in a Rotational Axisymmetric Non-ideal Gas Underthe Influence of Gravitational Field with Conductiveand Radiative Heat Fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060P. K. Sahu
Keras: The Best Machine Learning Process for Image Recognitionand Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071Yagyanath Rimal
A Triangular Patch Monopole Antenna Having Triangular SlotsDGS Structure for Ultra-Wide Band Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080Mitesh Upreti and Paras
Profit Maximization by Joint Operation of Solar-Battery StorageSystem in a Renewable-Integrated Deregulated Power Market . . . . . . . 1087Jayanta Bhusan Basu, Subhojit Dawn, Pradip Kumar Saha,and Prashant Kumar Tiwari
Machine Learning Prediction of Time Series Data(Decomposition and Forecasting Methods Using R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097Yagyanath Rimal
Contents xv
A Treatise on Distributed Generation Control
Arindam Sanyal(&), Prashant Kumar Tiwari, Rajesh Panda,and Ravi Teja
Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT, Silchar, Silchar, Assam, [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected],
Abstract. This paper gives a comprehensive treatise on the recent trend ofdistributed generation (DG) integration and control. The recent deregulation ofelectrical market and high penetration of Renewable energy sources (RES) haspresented with a scenario of generation being at the distribution end which wasbeyond imagination. The paper provides an insight of various problem causedby such scenario. It also discusses the various control strategies presented in therecent years to overcome such problems.
Keywords: Distributed generation � Control strategies � Primary control �Secondary control � Tertiary control � Black start � Microgrid managementservice (MGMS) � Distributed energy resource (DER)
1 Introduction
The industrial revolution started since 1820 when coal, electricity, railroad changed theface of the society. Since then civilization evolved and expanded. Technology startedreducing in size and increasing in power. The device started becoming smart. Thepower sector changed from being centralized to decentralized sector. Power marketschanged from regulated to deregulate one. More than one player was introduced in thederegulated market. The high penetration of RES in the market gave way to the conceptof distributed generation. Now even the consumers can send excess power back to thegrid. This was beyond imagination before the advent of deregulated market. Thisrequired a need for control of the DG in the distribution end. Since technologies aremoving towards becoming smart so does the grid which calls for massive controlstrategies. The paper will discuss the various DG control strategies. The [1–3] DGcontrol strategies are segregated as follows:
• Primary Control deals with the decentralized local control method such as fre-quency, voltage reliability of a system for a short span of time.
• Secondary control used for compensation of power, frequency and voltagedeviation.
• Tertiary control determines the optimal control strategies for operation by opti-mizing power output of each DG unit and their market participation over a longspan of time.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020S. Dawn et al. (Eds.): ICIMSAT 2019, LAIS 12, pp. 1–8, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42363-6_1
Each of the control strategies will be discussed in brief in the following section.Section 2 will deal with various functions used, Sect. 3 will discuss about the variousworks done in each of the control strategies mentioned above.
2 Distributed Generation Control
The technical, environmental and economic issue are greatly affected by the type, sizeand location of DG units which in turn affects the objectives of electrical distributionsystem [4–6].
2.1 Basic Control Function
Grid/islanding mode detection control: the micro grid management system can detectthe transition from grid connected to islanded mode.
Black start used for electricity restoration from islanded micro grid especially whenthe grid is disconnected from the main grid.
Energy market participation deals with control over the energy market interfaceregarding capacity, energy and ancillary services available to MGMS.
Fault detection and protection deals with control providing reliability and stabilityto micro grid.
Operation cost optimization deals with optimizing generation cost by forecastingload, weather information and dispatching generation based on cost, forecast andmarket information.
Volt/VAR control related to MGMS reactive power management of DER.Frequency control relates to MGMS active power management of DER.The Fig. 1 shows the duration of various control strategies of MGMS for micro grid
having DERs [6].
SHORT TERM(µs-s)
I. VOLT VAR CONTROL
II. FREQUENCY CONTROL
III. PROTECTION
LONG TERM(hr-days)
I. SCADA
II. DMS INTERACTION
III. MARKET PARTICIPATION
IN min-dayI. OPTIMIZATION
II. BLACK START
III. FORECAST
PRIMARY TERTIARY
DG CONTROL
SECO
ND
AR
Y
Fig. 1. Distributed control strategies
2 A. Sanyal et al.
3 Recent Works on the Control Strategies
3.1 Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP) Model for GeneratorStart up Sequence (GSUS) Optimization
In the earlier times of restoration cracking power provided to the non-black start units(NBSU’s) at the earliest by black-start units (BSUs) which are normally conventionalunits. In paper [6] is was shown that constraints like limitation in real power capacity ofBSUs and critical upper/lower limit in times of NBSUs prevent simultaneousrestoration. Therefore, for maximizing restoration benefits, optimal GSUS [6] is neededto be determined. Generally, the objective of the generator start-up sequence (GSUS)problem is to maximize the overall energy capability which is the difference of totalsystem restored energy startup energy required by NBSUs for the system restorationtime T.
MAIN AC GRID MICROGRID
TERTIARY CONTROL
SYNCHRONIZATION LOOP
SECONDARY CONTROL
PLL AND RMSP/Q CALCULATI
ON
VREF
fref
P/Q
QP
Fig. 2. Secondary and tertiary control strategies
Fig. 3. Generation capability function of units [6]
A Treatise on Distributed Generation Control 3
Optimization of GSUS is done by modelling of NBSU’s and BSU’s capacity. Thetotal capacity of a unit are separated into four regions as depicted in Fig. 3, where thetotal output power (black line) and actual output (red) is shown. The four regions arerepresented by four variables (i.e., w0/w1/w2/w3) in each time t. The GSUS opti-mization should facilitate the immediate next restoration processes, optimal startupsequence should be identified in such a manner that restoration benefit can be maxi-mized. This will help not only decrease overall system restoration time but also reducethe overall unreserved energy.
For a complicated network the degree of a node depicts the number of adjacentnode for a particular node under consideration it is difficult to prioritize the node. Thebus of the power system are prioritized by considering the degree of contribution of theneighboring nodes.
The bus degree depicts the extent to which a bus is connected to its neighboringbuses, energizing an unloaded line is the cause of overvoltage which relates to the linecapacitance, and power transfer capability of a bus to its neighboring buses is indicatedby the power transfer factor. Therefore the restoration path optimization can helprestore and mitigate overvoltage problem by including the bus importance factor.
3.2 Distributed Joint Operation of Primary, Secondary, and TertiaryControls
In this paper [10], different control layers (i.e. primary, secondary, tertiary) are studiedindependently because of their time scale operation. Primary and secondary controlsare responsible for the difficulty in tracking optimal power reference given by tertiarycontrol which in turn behaves as voltage source because its being controlled to do so bythe other two control layer. To overcome this difficulty in understanding distributedjoint operation the following method is proposed.
Assuming there are P number of DG units having N number of nodes for a par-ticular micro grid under consideration. Figure 5 shows the distributed joint operationmethod of the different control layers for DGi. Ui and Uj, respectively, denote theinformation of DGi.
Primary control has the following components a droop controller, a voltage con-troller, a current controller for controlling the DG unit.
The voltage outages and frequency compensation are under the scope of primarycontrol and secondary control respectively. The Prefi and Qrefi references for activeand reactive power of DG output, on solving the OPF problem for the micro grid wecan get the reference point from the tertiary control. The optimized values of active andreactive power used as reference for primary and secondary control and their controlobjectives such as zero error restoration of system frequency to rated frequency,convergence of DG active and reactive power and restoration of PCC voltage tonominal voltage. From Fig. 4 Primary control is the drooping controller based on thedroop setting all participation of all DG units whereas Secondary control comprises of adistributed secondary frequency and voltage controller.
4 A. Sanyal et al.
3.3 Role of DG in Distance Protection of a Radial Distribution NetworkConfiguration
In this work [11], two radial distribution transmission lines are taken to examine,having a mixed distribution line consisting of overhead line and underground cable andconductor made up of Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR), the equivalentsource represents the external transmission grid.
Modelling of the distribution system using DIGSILENT Power Factory 2017, onbasis of the data obtained from Hellenic Electricity Distribution Network Operator.Here conventional over current relay protects each feeder and primary protection byusing fuse to protect the distribution transformers are provided. Conventional overcurrent relay installed at both feeders by distance relay with quadrilateral characteristic,based on the assumption the distance relay imparts protection to ground distance andfour individual phases.
The proposed scheme act as a primary for the main line and back up for the otherlaterals, the distance relay synchronizes with the sub sequential lateral/transformerfuses based on fuse-blowing philosophy. Moreover, discriminatory characteristics ofthe relay between the phase and ground distance zones must be conserved.
Without Line DG the common types of faults like (LG, LLG, LL, and LLL) aresimulated on the primary of the distribution transformers and the total clearing time(TTC) values of the (LG, LL, LLG, LLL) faults are at vicinity. To avoid this, the wholeline is protected by single phase distance zone.
A problem on the basis of the previous settings, ground distance zone not onlycovers the margin of L3 but also unintentionally the whole L4 and L5 fall within therelay’s zone. The sizeable length of L3, along with the smaller gap between L3 and L4,L5 is the reason for the above mentioned effect which is illustrated in Fig. 4. Where it isshown in the R–X plane.
The dotted line in the graph represents first ground distance zone. Because of theunder reach, attention should be needed to concern over the various models of distancerelay, proper coordination is required to avoid grounded elements to trip for LLG fault,thus the relays needs to be operated accordingly.
Fig. 4. Addressing unintentional lateral coverage (GDE1)
A Treatise on Distributed Generation Control 5
With Line DG the infeed effect due to proper operation of distance relay resulting inunder-reach due to mal calculation of the reactance of the that particular transmissionline for connection of DG between fault point and the relay.
By installing the DG, increasing phase setting of the +X reach phase and groundelements resulting in compensation of under reach effect. The distance schemedesigned to compensate the infeed effect by proper adjustment of relay setting in bothscenarios of with and without DG.
3.4 A Distributed Wind Energy Integration in Scheme Basedon Electricity Market
In this paper [13], deals with the smart grid and the recent trends of incorporating ofwind energy distribute energy resources (DERs) are wind turbines installed along withsome utilities. According to the wind energy generation on real time can serve thecustomer load or enter into the green energy market. DERs comprises of a varietytechnologies such as fuel cells, PV generator, wind turbines, etc., and other ESS andmanagement technologies.
The two-way communication provides real time data on such as real-time RESgeneration availability, power demand and current power valuation in market. Thuswith the availability of real time information exquisite control of incorporating windenergy can be done very easily.
In this paper incorporation of wind energy with two way communication in a greenutility is implemented. Solid line represents power flow and dotted line representinformation flow. The power flow arrow depicts the direction. Due to having theintermittent nature of wind, it was never considered as a reliable power source for aquite some time. The wind power is inappropriate for customer load since its appro-priable, quality and cost is uncertain. The green energy market can be used for serviceswhich has forbearing in terms of delays. Wind power can be sold to green utility duringpeak pricing hours resulting in profit maximization of the system and stochastic process
Fig. 5. Wind energy integration diagram.
6 A. Sanyal et al.
are necessary for fulfilment of RPS. In this case, Non-renewable energy may be used tofulfill all customer load due to the prediction error of intermittent nature of the wind. Toavoid the intermittent nature ancillary services (spinning reserves) was used to regulate.
Profit maximization of a green utility can be done as a stochastic optimizationtechnique under the constraints of renewable portfolio standard (RPS). The RPSrequires the ratio by which renewable power is integrated to the total value of powerwhich is consumed over threshold value. Due to the varying nature of wind it may notbe economically feasible to integrate wind into the grid with high penetration ratio.
4 Conclusion
The paper has been discussed in elaborate manner on some of the latest publication onthe various DG control strategies based on being primary, secondary and tertiarycontrol. The topic selected here are some of the current and frequently discussed topicson smart grid. In this paper [6] black start is discussed which is one of the mostpromising areas of smart grid. It deals with the post blackout scenario. It deals with therestoration of grid using MGs. But the author has not taken into consideration thetransient processes in MGs. This work is quite efficient and has outstanding results inits field. This paper [10] deals with the problem regarding coordination of the 3 controllayer due to their time span difference. So the author has presently prominent featuresin his work by realize different optimization objective, good consideration in real andreactive power dispatch, considering operational constraints of system and stabilityunder various power references.
This paper [11] deals with the distance protection schemes of the micro gridconsidering DG. The protection system forms a important part the grid as it maintainsthe reliability of system. In this paper they have considered the DG infeed during faultwhich really improves its effectiveness. The author has mentioned that the schemehasn’t been considered for mesh or radial network. This paper [13] provide insight onincorporation percentage and wind energy cost for integration in the smart grid. It alsoprovides emphasis on the benefits of two way communication feature of smart grid.The method mentioned above provide great insight on the various features of smartgrid and various control strategies of DG control at various level of operation.
Acknowledgment. We would like to thank TEQIP III, NIT Silchar for all the support forcarrying out the presented review paper work.
References
1. Lopes, J.P., Moreira, C., Madureira, A.: Defining control strategies for microgrids islandedoperation. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 21(2), 916–924 (2006)
2. Guerrero, J.M., Vasquez, J.C., Matas, J., et al.: Hierarchical control of droopcontrolled ACand DC microgrids – a general approach toward standardization. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.58(1), 158–172 (2011)
A Treatise on Distributed Generation Control 7
3. Bidram, A., Davoudi, A., Lewis, F.L., et al.: Secondary control of microgridsbased ondistributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems. IET. Gener. Transm. Distrib. 7(8),822–831 (2013)
4. Simpson Porco, J.W., Shafiee, Q., Dorfler, F., et al.: Secondary frequencyand voltage controlof islanded microgrids via distributed averaging. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 62(11), 7025–7038 (2015)
5. Nejabatkhah, F., Li, Y.W.: Overview of power management strategies of hybrid AC/DCmicrogrid. IEEE Trans. Power Electron 30(12), 7072–7089 (Dec. 2015)
6. Lasseter, R.H.: Smart distribution: coupled microgrids. Proc. IEEE 99, 1074–1082 (2011)7. Zhao, Y., Lin, Z., Liu, Y., Sun, L., Yan, Y.: A model predictive control based generator
startup optimization strategy for restoration of microgrid with black start resources. IEEETrans. Power Syst. 33(6), 7189–7203 (2018)
8. Patsakis, G., Ranjan, D., Aravena, I., Rios, J., Oren, S.: Optimal black start allocation forpower system restoration. IEEE. Trans. Power Syst. 33(6), 6766–6776 (2018)
9. Sun, W., Liu, C.-C., Liu, S.: Black start capability assessment in power system restoration.In: Proc. 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Soc. General Meeting, pp. 1–7 (2011)
10. Qiu, F., Wang, J., Chen, C., Tong, J.: Optimal black start resource allocation. Trans. PowerSyst. 31(3), 2493–2494 (2016)
11. Ding, Z., Guo, Y., Wu, D., Fang, Y.: Market based scheme to integrate distributed windenergy. Trans. Power Syst. 4(2), 976–984 (2013)
12. Wu, X., Chen, L., Chen, C., Xiu, Y., He, J., Fang, C.: Distributed optimal operation ofhierarchically controlled microgrids. IET Gen. Transm. Distrib. 12(18), 4142–4152 (2018)
13. Tsimtsios, A.M., Nikolaidis, V.C.: Application of distance protection in mixed overhead –
underground distribution feeder with distributed generation. J. Eng. 2018(15), 950–955(2018)
8 A. Sanyal et al.
Approach for the Prevention of Audio Piracy
Avantika Mussady(&), Parichita Ray, and Sauvik Bal
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,University of Engineering & Management, Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
[email protected], [email protected],
Abstract. Idea behind this approach deals with the attainment and utilization ofmultimedia files which includes songs, videos, stories, lectures etc. fromunauthorized source and is termed as Online Piracy. Yes, piracy is illegal, and isone of the most commonly faced issue in today’s era of the multimedia filesbeing available exclusively on websites. These users extricate stream of contentillegally and when asked why the most popular reason that comes up is peoplefind it hard to wait for the release, the cost is high and they are unwilling to payin exchange of the media content, etc. They put effort on finding and accessingsuch unlicensed content through various websites. This paper provides anapproach which can be used to keep a check on the rate of online piracy ofmultimedia files, using the basic encryption followed by advanced decryption.
Keywords: Multimedia file encryption � Online piracy � Runtime decryption
1 Introduction
Online piracy is one of the most common online activity in our day to day life and isalso the most neglected issue being faced in the present high data consumption era.
It is a criminal offence, yet people use this medium to download various files andsoftware without the need to pay for the same.
People are using Internet as a mean to download/copy original files without theconsent of the material’s original owner which is illegal and against of law. Theseoffenders accesses the original content, and makes it available for millions of useronline, for free or with a minimal charge associated with the content. It makes usersfacile access of the original files.
So to reduce this attempt of online piracy, this approach deals with the encryptionprocess where the audio file sent by the sender is encrypted for the receiver. Thereceiver decrypts the received file and play that file in the runtime process. As soon asthe song ends, it automatically obliterate from the receiver’s database. This process iscarried out till the receiver demands for any song to listen. In this way the originalcontent of the file is no more with the user as it will be removed in the backend but itsinstance will be played by the user.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020S. Dawn et al. (Eds.): ICIMSAT 2019, LAIS 12, pp. 9–15, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42363-6_2
2 Literature Survey
The approach of this paper is to identify a particular song using a different method bydividing an audio into two parts i.e. in vocal part and instrumental part. Due to thisdistribution of a song the output comes with a unique value defining as unique key toidentify a song [1]. The plan of their research analysis the strategies based on sellingthat can increase the original artist’s revenues against online piracy. They understandthat search effort, the quality of pirated music have significant impact on viablestrategies [2]. Their idea deals with BitTorrent (BT) technology, which tracks illegalactivities regarding downloading and sharing of the files. The BitTorrent MonitoringSystem is used to monitor, record, and analyze the traffic on the Internet [3]. Their ideauses the BitTorrent publishers for the antipiracy event that is been targeted and uses thenumber of activities of the publishers for assessing the reaction to the events [4]. Thispaper introduces experiential evidence in what extent, or in which quality of musicsongs are shared [5]. Their proposed algorithm gives a high level of robustness. Usingdiscrete wavelet transform they have extracted an audio fingerprint pattern that isembedded in video frames as watermark [6]. Their approach aims in detection andprevention of a replicated video which is uploaded in the web. The result shows thatthis is way by which the authenticity of video is been verified thus protecting thecopyrights of an individual [7]. This paper talks about copy- protection techniquesbased upon intangible tokens in the prevention of software piracy. Based on their idea,the output presents the general implications as a result for a software publisher’s anti-piracy [8]. In this paper, they have explained about the usage of content monitoringsolutions to influence AI to fight piracy in such a way that it can identify pirated contenton the internet [9]. Their main objective is fighting against copyright infringement. Bywatermarking technique the main idea of their contribution is represented [10]. Theyhave estimated that the high risk is on mainstream advertising. They shows that thepercentage of advertisements is in risk, and only few were mainstream [11]. A 64 bithardware ID has been invented to try a software product to a computer for preventingsoftware piracy. The device here contains ten components of user’s computer out ofwhich at least seven needs to be matched with the computer before the full operation ofthe software product [12]. The monitoring server comprises a data source monitor, abandwidth monitor and a threshold comparator. The software programs in the moni-toring server and the billing generate a higher price for the client to discourage theclient from downloading movie files [13]. It deals with a method and apparatusincluding receiving digital video content, receiving an indication and the dedication isshowed towards only the video piracy and not the audio piracy. Runtime piracy can beprevented but not the cloning of multimedia files [14]. This invention related to a typeof movie projector which projects a beam of light image which is used to reflect off ofthe screen, due to which an infrared pattern of energy is generated from the source of aninfrared energy projection as the same field of view as the light images reflecting fromthe screen. Infrared energy sensors are positioned in the seating area of the theater [15].
10 A. Mussady et al.
It talks about the potato system that as the key encryption they might have own digitalsignature. The customer pays for re- distribution permission. Once after getting thelicense not only can be distributed the song, but also can earn money for the songs thatsells [16]. Fingerprinting is used to hide the user information in a type of distributionfile which can be used to distinguish between users. By enlarging the amplitudes ofecho signals the robustness of echo hiding method can be improved but this willdegrade the audio quality [17]. This paper talks about the fragile watermark which isless secure when the robust watermark is attempted to be abolished. The user findsdifficult to know where each of the segment lies, if this watermark is tried to bedestroyed. It is very difficult to put the segments in the correct sequence if the segmentsare broken in small pieces [18]. Their research understands the consumer behavior andmotives. Additional variables might be taken into account to control piracy [19].
3 Methodology
The dedication that has been shown on this approach is to achieve goal against onlinepiracy, because of the implementation of this idea the whole process acquire anencrypted file through the process of encryption. This approach demands more thesecurity of the audio file received safely by the receiver with the zero process of piracykeeping in the mind the value of original artists (Fig. 1).
The media file is now played
Encrypted file is decrypted in the backend as soon as the receiver plays the file.
Encrypted file is downloaded and received
Request sent to download the encrypted
Store it in encrypted file
Encryption of media
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the proposed system
Approach for the Prevention of Audio Piracy 11
4 Proposed Algorithm
Algorithm 1:
Procedure; Begin:
1. The uniqueness of the media file is found such that it yields the unique key, which is to be used as the key for encrypting the media file.
2. The media file is then encrypted using standard encryption technique, taking the combination of this unique value and unique user id as the key.
3. On receiving the download request, the encrypted file is downloaded and stored.
4. This encrypted media is stored in an encrypted file format such that it cannot be played using regular players.
5. On the request to play the media file, the file is decrypted with the decrypted instance stored in a variable, followed by deleting the temporary decrypted version of the same media.
6. The instance is now played.
End Procedure;
5 Experimentations and Result Analysis
Figure 2 shows the original files which will be used for the encryption method.
Fig. 2. Original multimedia files
12 A. Mussady et al.
Figure 3 shows the encrypted form of the song and this file will be stored. Theseencrypted file will be decrypted and its instance will be removed before the receiverplays the song.
Fig. 3. Encrypted form of the media files.
Fig. 4. Decrypted form of “if we try”.
Fig. 5. Decrypted form of “SampleAudio1”.
Fig. 6. Decrypted form of “SampleAudio2”.
Approach for the Prevention of Audio Piracy 13
Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 shows that after encryption the selected song/file is decryptedsuccessfully and is ready to be play by the receiver. In the backend the originallydecrypted file is removed but its instance is there through which the receiver can playthe file.
6 Future Work
The future prospectus can be expected in various ways based on the new approach ofEncryption Algorithm which this paper symbolizes. The approach can be extended toform a GUI based application.
7 Conclusion
The whole method deals with the encryption and decryption of the media file and theexperiment at the end yields us the secure form of file as the receiver receives it safely.Even after playing the media, the end users cannot copyright that file as because thatfile will be automatically removed from the user’s database. The idea behind thisapproach focuses on the prevention of online piracy in the domain of multimedia, asmaximum piracy is related to the multimedia files. The reality that has rose the majorityof people towards piracy is because of fans- fans who are more often than not trying toget content legally if they can. They put effort on finding and accessing such unlicensedcontent through various websites.
References
1. Mussady, A., Ray, P., Sherpa, L.W., Bal, S.: Unique key identification of audio. Int. J. Sci.Eng. Res. 10(3) (2019). ISSN 2229-5518
2. Bhattacharjee, S., Gopal, R.D., Lertwachara, K., Marsden, J.R.: No more shadow boxingwith online music piracy: strategic business models to enhance revenues. Department ofOperations and Information Management School of Business University of Connecticut(2003)
3. Chow, K.P., Cheng, K.Y., Man, L.Y., Lai, P.K.Y., Hui, L.C.K., Chong, C.F., Pun, K.H.,Tsang, W.W., Chan, H.W., Yiu, S.M.: BTM – an automated rule-based BT monitoringsystem for piracy detection. In: Second International Conference on Internet Monitoring andProtection (ICIMP 2007) (2007). 0-7695-2911-9/07
Fig. 7. Decrypted form of “Super_NaniMaheroo_Maheroo”.
14 A. Mussady et al.
