SUbject Index

Ablation 5,11,15,45,55,56,92,157,161,191 - mechanism 125 - rate 45,46,47,48 - yield 61 Absorption 92, 148 - bulk 148 - coefficient 8,133,134,164,183,184 - interface 148 - multiphoton 92 - profile 44,45 - single photon 92 - spectroscopy 141 - spectrum 187 - surface 148 Acoustic - beam deflection 122 - shock wave 19 Acoustic pulse shape 283 Acoustic wave - bulk 273 - defectoscopy 292 - surface 273 Acousto-electric effect 285 Acousto-optic tunable filter 196 Acoustic wave 3, 12 Adenine 28 Adsorbate 18,30 - excitation 18 - mediated desorption 56, 85 Ag(110) 27 Ag(lll) 24 Ag film 26 Ajz03 21,25,77 Alkali halide crystal 42 Aluminum 247 Amorphous semiconductor film 140 Analogue cross-correlator 194 Angular distribution 24 Anthracene 28 Antibonding 42 Atomic - beam 34,35,36 - nucleus 42 Auger spectroscopy 20, 24 Autocorrelation function 186,197,214,230 Avalanche - breakdown 91,105,123,125 - process 122

Benzene 70,77 Bimodal TOF distribution 77,80 Biological - material 191 - system 199,206 Boiling 93 Boltzmann distribution 76 Bombardment with - electrons 12 - ions 12 - photons 12 Bond selectivity 58 Boundary condition 180 Box-car integrator 138 Brownian motion 308 Buried interface 7

C2I4 69,70 CsHsN 69 C6HSCF3 69 C6HSCHO 69 C6H6 69 C6HlOCl2 69,72 Cage effect 82 Carrier mobility 294 Catalysis 43 Ceramics 9,262 SF6 69 CH2ClCH2Cl 69 CH212 20,21,26,77 CH21 radical 21 CH3Br 18,19,20,26,76 CH3F 69 CH3 radical 19,76 Charge exchange 32 Chemical bond 62 Chemical vapor deposition 15 CrOz 331,333,355 - tape 358 Chromophore 171, 172 - distribution 8, 172,206 - spatial distribution 171 Cl279 Cluster 15,20,27,36,43,45 - growth 35 - size distribution 44,45,48 CO 27 COz laser 62

367

Coal weathering 205 Coating 267, 268 Coating echoe 158 Coherent output power spectrum 215 Collective - dipole oscillation 43 - electron oscillation 11 - oscillation 41,42 Color - center 19 - photographic film 188 - reversal film 141, 204 Confocal microscopy 173 Contact resistance 237 Continuous laser beam 4 Contour map 195 Conventional transmission spectroscopy 8 Convolution integral 185, 194, 214 Coordination number 38 Copper - cluster 32 - surface 32 Correlation - and spectral analysis 214 - function 214 - spectrum of the first kind 194 - spectrum of the second kind 194 Crack 256 Cross and autocorrelation function 216 Cross-correlation 221 - function 186,197,217,225,232 Curing process 263 Current or voltage response 234

Damage 11 Damage threshold 89,99,103,113,115,118,120,

122,123,125 - of metal 99 Damage morphology 94 Defect - density 123,124 - states 107,108, 114,116 Deformation 257 Delamination 269 Demagnetizing field 320,345 Density of - electronic states 124 - states 294 - surface states 296 Deposition 55 Depth - profiling 3,6,133,141,148,171,173,175,181,

199 - range 255 Desorption 5,11,14,19,20,42,55 - nonthermal 14,42 - product 23 - thermal 14,42 - yield 21,22,60 Desorption channel - nonthermal 25

368

- subthermal 25 - thermal 25 Desorption fuduced by Electronic Transitions

(DIET) 12 Detection 92, 137 - depth profiling 92 - interferometry 92 - light emission 92 - LIF 92 - mass spectroscopy 92 - methods 133 - microscopy 92 - particle scattering 92 - photoacoustic 137,252 - photothermal 137 - pyroelectric 252 - reflectance 92,239 - scheme 4 - shock wave 92 - surface deformation 92 Dielectric breakdown 157 DIET (Desorption fuduced by Electronic

Transitions) 12 Diffusion 303 - coefficient 309 - of a dye through a polymer membrane 207 - process 303 Digital simulation 177, 180 Dimensionality of - the heat source 304 - the space 307 Direct chemical bond breaking 57 Directed mass flow 67 Direct photochemical decomposition 80 Disordered structures 303 Displacement components SAW - longitudinal 274 - vertical 274 Dissociation 11,19,22 Distribution of chromophores 199 Drift time 37 Dye laser 23 Dynamic range 218,219 Dynamics of - molecule-surface interaction 55 - of surface processes 55

Edge molecule 29 Effective medium 303, 307 Electret microphone 5 Electric properties - semiconductor 293 - thin metal film 293 Electron - and ion emission 114 - bombardment 63 - bombardment analyzer 67 - hole pair 29,30 - impact 28 - microscopy 48 - Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) 314

- Spin Resonance (ESR) 314 Electronic - excitation 1,12,26,27,30,59 - relaxation 26 - states in semiconductors 293 - topography of semiconductor surface 294 Emission yield 65 Enamel coating 268 Energy exchange 8 Energy transfer - intermolecular 59,83 - intramolecular 83 EPR - detection 314 - photoacoustic detection 324 - photothermal method 314 - spectrometer 324 Etching 11,15,55,108 Ethanol 31 Ethene 70 Euclidean dimension 305,307 Evaporation 11,33,92 Exchange interaction 323 Excimer laser 23,63 Excitation - collective 33 - electronic 1,12 - IR 58 - nome sonant 119 - resonant 119 - single electron 33 - UV 58 - vibrational 1,12 Exciton 29 Explosive - ablation 105 - desorption 21,32 - eruption 92 - regime 84 Extinction 41

Fault 255 F-center 106,107,114,117 Fe(CO)s 27 Fe203 331,333,355 Fe40N4oB20 344,359,360 Ferrochrome magnetic tape 331 Ferromagnetic - film 7 - layer and film 313 - layered sample 205 - resonance effect 314 Ferromagnetic resonance (PMR) 152,317 - photoacoustically detected 323 Fiber-reinforced plastic 263 Fibres - cellulose 202 - natural 202 - synthetic 202

Film thickness 145 Finite difference - approximation 178 - method 180 Finite elemem 178 Five-photon photoemission 119 Fluence dependence 61,73 Fluorescence 92 Fluoride crystal 104 FM-PDS 220,227 - spectrometer 220 FM-P2ES - measurement 230, 232 - methodology 236 - system 233 - technique 230 FM-PTR - frequency response 240 - irradiation geometry 241 - signal 241 - theory 243 FMR - absorption 319 - depth-dependent 331 - detection 314,337 - dispersion 319 - laser beam deflection technique 338 - line 320 - of a ferrochrome tape 339 - photoacoustically detected 339 - photothermal method 314 - photothermally modulated 345,354 - resonance line 327 - resonance line shape 355 - resonance frequency 318 - signal 325 - thermally detected 331 FM-TDS - photothermal method 247 - recovery 216 - signal 216 - spectrometry 248 - technique 216, 217, 248 FM time-delay domain technique 218 Fourier - analysis 138 - series 213 - transform 212,218 - transformation 240 Fractal - behavior 308, 310 - dimension 7,305,307,311 - geometry 7,307 - structure 303, 307 Fractional-order thermal desorption 20 Fragmentation 11,15,43,60 Franck-Condon transition 13 Frequency - chirp 4 - domain 2,4,138,145,186,215 - -modulated (PM) photothermal excitation 211

369

- modulated time delay domain spectrometry 197,211

- response function 215,219 Frenkel equation 34 Ff -IR studies of thin films 138 FfIR-PAS - depth profiling 205 - photoacoustic spectrum 193 - spectra 202 - spectrometer 192

Glass-crystal phase transition 145 Glass fiber 264 Gaussian beam profile 244 Green's function 223,243 Group velocity 252

H20 28,29 H2S 18,77 Half -collision 24 Hamilton-Jacobi formulation of thermal wave

physics 177 Hardening 257 H-center 112,114 Heat - conduction equation 241 - diffusion 131,307,309 - source 308 Heating - effect 8 - rate I, 56, 71 Heavy ion 12 Helmholtz resonance 325,326 Herbicide paraquat on leaf sample 206 High - heating rate 16 - intensity pulsed laser 18 - -resolution electron-energy-Ioss spectroscopy

(HREELS) 30 Hilben transformation 218 Homogenous media 304 HREELS (high-resolution electron-energy-Ioss

spectroscopy) 30 Human - hair 203 - skin 206

Ice 28 Ideal surface 6 Image - optical microscope 257 - photoacoustic 150 - photoacoustic microscope 257 - photothermal 150 - scanning electron microscope 257 - thermal-wave 259 Imaging 150, 158 Impulse and frequency response 239 Impulse - response PM photothermal wave excitation

237

370

- response 189,194,212,214,217,221, 230,235,238,240

- response (Green's function) 241 - response function 214,225 - response photoacoustic spectra (IMPAS) 195 - response photoacoustic spectroscopy 201,

204,205,207 - response profile 246 Incubation 112, 113,114 Infrared - emission 253 - laser light 16 - light 12 - radiometry 190,267 Inhomogeneous material 8 luner shell excitation 15 Input - autocorrelation 221,240 - waveform 185 - ~utput cross-spectral density 215 Instrumental - frequency resolution 219 - uncertainty prinCiple 220, 229 Instrumentation 137 Interdigital SAW transducer 277 Interface 7 - thermal conductivity 180 - thermal resistance 225 Interfacial gas conduction 168 Interferometer - Fourier transform 192 - Michelson 192 Interferometric detection 281 Internal - state population 23 - temperature 110, 111 Ion drift time 64 Ionization 15,63 Inverse Bremsstrahlung 33,94,102,104 Invened ferrochrome tape 333 In vivo moni toring 206 IR chemistry 58 IR laser-induced desorption 68 Isometric projection 195 Isotope selectivity 61

Kinetic - effect 56 - energy 24,42,60,61,75,76,83,85 - energy distribution 21,33 - energy of the species desorbed 23,74 - propeny 297

Lamb wave mode 274 Langmuir probe 32 Laplace transform 177 Laser - aunealing 145 - beam deflection 337 - damage 121,160 - desorption 11

- etching 27,91,108 - excitation of SAW 281 - heating 115 - sublimation 71 - surface interaction 93, 125 - vaporization 32 Laser-induced - desorption 11,13,15,16,26,33,49,55 - electronic excitation 17 - emission 113 - etching 160 - fluorescence 23,32, 108, 110, 112 - thermal desorption 125,162 Latent heat 145 Lateral resolution 316 Layered - film 141 - magnetic tape 331 - structure 6,7,158 LiF(OOI) 76,77 LiF(I00) 18,20,26,36 LiF(I00) single crystal 34 LiP crystal 19, 41 LiF detection 112 Light scattering 41 Linear - frequency sweep 213,229 - sine sweep 217 - system 185 - yield dependence 77 Liquid crystal light valve 197 Local damage 89 Localization of the electronic excitation 13 Lock-in amplifier 138 Longitudinal acoustoelectric voltage (LA V) 296 Love SAW 274 Love wave 291 Low optical quality 8

Mach number 67 Macroscopic damage threshold 113,121 Magic numbers 27 Magnetic - domain 359 - tape 316 Magnetostatic - backward volume wave (MSBVW) 350 - forward volume wave (MSFVW) 322 - mode 321,322 - mode in YIG 348 - mode spectra 350 - surface wave (MSSW) 322,350 Mass - spectrometer 19 - spectrometry 12,23,63 Material - disordered 8 - inhomogenous 8 - removal 90 Maxwell's equation 321

Maxwellian - distribution 64,65,71,77,79,84 - velocity distribution 67 Mean square displacement 309 Mechanism - photochemical 56 - photothermal 56 Melting 93 Mercury-cadmium-telluride detector 190 Metal - ablation 103 - particles 11,20,27,34,35,36 Metglass 343,357,359 MGR - model 13 - picture 13 Michelson interferometer 192 Microbalance 36 Microelectronics 15 Microscopy - confocal 174 - reflectance 174 - tranSmission 174 Microphone 136 Microwave resonance detection technique 313 Mirage - detection 161 - effect 316,337 Mo(CO)6 26,27 Mode selective process 74 Modified Maxwellian distribution 71,77,79 Modulation - frequency 6 - sinusoidal 138 - square wave 138 Modulator - acousto-optic 196 - electro-optic 196 - mechanical 196 Molecular - adsorbate 57 - crystal 27 - selectivity 60, 85 Molecule - selective process 58 - selective desorption 75 Monodisperse 43 Multifrequency modulation 4,192,201 Multilayer - ablation 57 - ablation effect 85 Multiphoton - absorption 15,33,91,105,106,107,116,117,

121,124 - dissociation 58,63 - excitation 1,189 - ionization 96,100,102,107,116,117,122,

124,125 - photoemission 96,97,98,116, 119,120,125 - photoionization 94 - -stimulated emission 114

371

Multipole expansion 41 Multiplexing 189

Nz~ 28 NaCl42 Narrowing - effect 64,68 - of the half-width 67 ND369 Near-surface features 262 NHzOH 28 NH3 21,28,29,69 Ni(1 (0) 23, 25, 26 NO 23,24,30,31,49,69 Non-Boltzmann population distribution 76 Nondestructive - evaluation (NDE) 3,7,8,148,190,251,255 - testing of material 292 Nonlinear - acoustoelectric effect 289 - dependence of the yield 84 - fluence dependence 75 - spectroscopy 189 Non-Maxwellian distribution 77,84 Nomadiative yield 141 Nonstatistical - concept 56 - desorption 59 - energy distribution 26 Nonthermal - desorption 24,91,92,105,112,125 - process 27,38

One-dimensional heat diffusion 225 One-sided input autospectral density 215 Opaque - film 167 - sample 133,308 - solid 244 Optical - absorption coefficient 8,71,84 - band gap 115 - damage 104 - property 296 Optical parameters of - surface layer 296 - thin film 296 - strongly absorbing media 296 Optically - opaque sample 132, 135 - thin films 297 Organic polymer 22 Output - autocorrelation function 215,240 - waveform 185

PA-FMR - cell 328 - ferrochrome magnetic tape 327

372

- ferrochrome tape 340 - film 335 - metallic foil 335 - response 327 - signal 326 - signal phase 333 - spectra of a ferrochrome magnetic tape 332 - spectrmn 329 - ultimate sensitivity 329 Packaging foil 203 Paint 268 Paraxial ray approximation 223 Particle size distribution 47 Pd(111) 49 PD-FMR - image of a YIG slab 349 - image of the magnetostatic wave 349 - imaging of amorphous metallic foil 343 - imaging of a Ni Film 341 - lateral resolution 341 - reliability 340 PDMS (plasma desorption mass spectrometry) 12 Percolation - network 305,309,310 - theory 7 Permalloy 336,346,361 Phase - angle 253,255,269 - lag 143 - resolved method 188,199 - resolved spectroscopy 201,202,205,206 - sensitive detection 199 - spectra 204 - transition 4,145 - velocity 252,274 Phonon bath 12,42 Photoablation 22,32,56,76,77 Photoacoustic (PA) - cell 179,325 - detection 160 - energy 100,101,121,122,123,124 - generation 157 - impulse response 207 - pulse shape 158 - saturation 183 - signal 160 - spectrometer 187 - spectroscopy 199 Photochemical - decomposition 85 - effect 80 - fragmentation 82 - process 4 Photochemistry 26, 28 Photodecomposition 27,59 Photodesorption 11,17,21,27,42 Photodissociation 17, 19,20,21,26,28,29,59,76 Photoeffect 42 Photoelectric effect 60 Photoernission 92, 125 Photofragmentation 76

Photogenerated carriers 29 Photographic color reversal film 141,204 Photography 43 Photoinduced thermoreflextance 238 Photolysis 26 Photolytic reaction 60 Photon sputtering 15 Photopyroelectric effect 228 Photopyroelectric thin film PM spectrometry 228 Photoreaction 76 Photosynthetic pigment 201 Photothermal 83 Photothermal - absorption spectrum 142 - analysis 129 - analysis of thin films 143 - beam deflection 203, 256 - beam deflection PM spectrometry 220 - defonnation 95,106,108,109,110,125 - degradation 58 - desorption 61,82 - displacement spectroscopy 95 - effect 82 - experiment 130 - imaging 130 - 1aser beam deflection 315, 337 - model 74,75 - radiometry 3,5,135,163,190,253 - reflectance PM spectrometry 237 - signal 134 - signal generation 135 - spectral analysis 214 - spectrometer 137 - spectroscopy 139 Photothermally modulated - ferromagnetic resonance (PM-FMR) 351 - spin wave resonance 361 Physisorbed Xe 20 Picosecond laser 148 Piezoelectric - ceramic 147 - transducer 6,136,190 Piezopolymer (PVDF) 5, 147 Plant tissue 200,207 Plasma 17,33,93 - desorption 12 - desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS) 12 - fonnation 14,92,103,105,125 - resonance 44 Plasmon - detection 152 - stimulated desorption 48 PMMA 84 PM-FMR - amplitude 355 - imaging of magnetic tape and foil 357 - phase angle 355 - phase image 359 - signal from the Cr(h tape 37 - spectrum of the Fe2~ tape 354 Polarization profile 148

Polyethylene wrapping material 203 Polymer 9,57,263 - ablation 84 Polymeric sample 202 Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 79 Poly(vinylidine fluoride) 202,228 Polyvinylidene difluoride transducer 160 Population of internal state 76 Power - density 83 - spectral density function 186,197 PRBS (pseudorandom binary sequence) 193 Pressure sensor 5 Probe-beam refraction 161 Probe laser beam 5 Pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) 193 Pt surface 24 PTR - back-detection 163 - line shape 164 - measurement 167 - pulsed 163 - signal analysis 164 - spectrum 163 - transmission 163 Pulse-echo method 292 Pulsed laser - desorption 63 - source 4 Pulsed \fiethod 189 Pump-probe detection scheme 5 PVDF (piezopolymer) 5,202 - film 247 - thin-film detector 229 - transducer 283 Pyroelectric - calorimeter 134,190 - coefficient 235 - film 229,233 - thin film calorimeter 135

Quad-cell signal impulse-response 245 Quadrupole - filter 18,28 - mass spectrometer 21,37,63 Quasicontinuum 58 Quantum desorption 60 - efficiency 41 - effect 2,74 - yield 21,26,42,63,80,141,190 Quartz sample 235,239,240,246 Quenching 13,16,19,27 Q-factor 314

Radiation - modulated 3 - pulsed 3 Random - media 7, 303, 309 - network of bonds 310

373

Rayleigh wave 274,275,283 Reaction - photochemical 14 - quantum effect 3 - thermal 3,14 Reference data 137 Reflection coefficient 134 Refractive index gradient (RIG) 5,161 Remote inspection 270 - photothermal nondesbUctive evaluation 254 Repulsive electronic state 19 Resolution - lateral 7 - depth 7 Resonant - adsorbate heating 85 - electronic excitation 76 - heating 17,42,71 - vibrational excitation 75 Rhodamine 6G 28 RIG - acoustic 161 - propagating acoustic 161 - thermal 161 Rosencwaig-Gersho one-dimensional theory 178 - theory 175 Rotational quantum number 24 Rough surface 7,303,307 Rydberg - state 63 - transition 29

Sample preparation 133 Sapphire 26,104 - crystal 20 SAW - amplitude 290 - attenuation 288 - chemo-sensor 291,299 - constant 275 - configuration 287 - continuous 284 - decay 275 - defectoscopy 292 - delay 290 - delay line oscillator 298 - directional beam of 284 - dual delay line 299 - frequency 290 - gas-sensor 291 - microscopy 292 - oscillator-based gas flowmeter 299 - phase velocity 290 - propagation 285 - velocity 275, 288 - temperatur sensor 299 - waveform 290 SAWacoustoelecb'onic - amplification 289 - attenuation 295

374

SAW pulse - cylindrical 284 - duration 290 - spherical 284 Scanned thermal wave inspection 262 Scanning mode of SAW generation 285 Seam 257 Secondary elecb'on microscopy (SEM) 151 Self-similarity 305 Semiconducting film 139 Semiconductor 8,29,261 Semi-infinite - sample 246 - -three-dimensional solid 243 Separated-medium 286 SF669 Shockwave 21,77,99,102,124,125 - energy 100 - generation 125 26,27 Si(loo) 26,27 Si(11l) 27,31 Si(11l)7x727,30 Sierpinski gasket 305 Signal - in-phase 188 - quadrature 188 Signal - generation 130 - -to-noise ratio 17,182,189,191 Silicon 30 - wafer 227 Silver film 20 Single - and multiple-photon absorption 106 - -frequency measurement 187 - -photon absorption 96 Si<h 25 Size - diSb'ibution 43,44,47 - manipulation 46 Skin - diffusion of the drug 206 - human cadaverous 200 - peneb'ation of topically applied drugs 200 - photo-induced skin disorder 200 Small - metal particle 41 - particle 47 Sodium 35 - atom 38 - particles 43 Solid contact conduction 168 Sound generation - material breakdown 281 - mechanism 281 - sb'iktion mechanism 281 - thermoelastic 281 - ttansfer of recoil momentum 281 - wave 3 Spatial - resolution 316

- step resolution 342 Spatially resolved surface detection 264 Spectral - power density 192 - dimension 309 Spectroscopy of thin films 139 Spin wave 286, 321,322 - resonance (SWR) 346 Spin-orbit selectivity 24 Split-finger geometry 277 Sputtering 12 State-resolved analysis 23 State-selective investigation 55 Statistical theory 62 Step-and-integrate interferometer 203 Stiffness 290,323 Stimulated desorption 11 Stoneley wave 291 Stratum corneum 199,200,206 Stream velocity 65,67,68 Structural relaxation 297 Structured TOF distribution 77 Substrate 18,24,27 - echo 158 - excitation 27 - heating 41,74 - mediated process 57, 85 Subsurface - air gap 256 - feature 150 Subthermal velocity distribution 25,75 Sunscreen on skin 190 Surface - coverage 44 - damage 122 - deformation 257 - diffusion 34 - excitation 34,43 - ideal 6 - oscillation 34 - photoemission 98 - plasma resonance 41,42 - potential 35 - reflectance 237 - rough 6 - roughness 28 - temperature 24,25,108,109,114 - temperature rise 14 - wave photoacoustics 280, 297 Surface acoustic wave (SAW) 4, 273 - detection 276,279 - generation 276 - sensor 298 Surface magneto-acoustic wave 286 Susceptibility 319,353 SWR - laser beam deflection 346 - laterally resolved 346 Synchotron radiation 12,14 System - impulse response 185

- transfer function 185 - weighting function 186

TAV - ordinary 293 - response waveform 294 - spectroscopy 294 - trapping 293 Temperature programmed desorption 16,20 Thermal - barrier 310 - bump 237 - conductivity 84, 175,204,223,232,235,259,

303,304 - deformation 125 - desorption 16,17,20,21,24,26,42,91,92,

125,162 - diffusion length 6, 131, 193,264 - diffusivity 8,84,131,143,145,181,223,232,

236,245,246,304,311 - diffusivity of quartz 227 - expansion 22, 93, 105 - forcing function 176 - heating 12 - lens 161 - property 143,259 - programmed desorption 55,56 - resistance 167 - transit time 131 Thermal wave 3.131.171.173.175.181.188.

251.257 - anisotropy 265 - depth profiling 173 - one-dimensional formulation 180 - microscopy 262 - picture 152 - signal 258.261 - spectroscopy 180 - transmission 264 - three-dimensional formulation 180 - vector 177 Thermally - assisted multiphoton process 97 - thick sample 134 Thermionic electron emission 98 Thermoelastic - effect 247 - expansion 157 Thermoreflectance signal 246 Thickness measurement 164.232.268 Thin film 7. 129. 130. 140. 147.229 - dielectric 140 - metallic 140 - optically opaque 129 - photothermal analysis 129 - photothermal imaging 129 - pyroelectric detector 229 - transmission spectra 140 - ultrasonic analysis 147 - ultrasonic imaging 129 - ultrasonic transducer 149

375

Thin film - resistance thermometer 135 - thermocouple 135 Thin layered structure 158 Three-body recombination (fBR) 104 Threshold 42,60,61 - behavior 83 Tune-dependent thermal diffusion length 243 Time-delay - domain 228,235 - photothermal system 213 - spectrometry 211 Time domain 2,4,138,145,185,215 Time-gated detection 4, 189 Tune-of-flight - distribution 17,63 - technique 58,63,112, 113,114 - mass spectrometry 5, 15 - measurement 18,23,37,41 - result 111 - spectrum 24,25,28,38 T()F 63,64,67,68,74,85,113,114 - distribution 64,67,68 - kinetic energy 114 - maximum 74 - method 63,85 - profile 68 - temperature 67 - velocity distribution 113 Trans-l,2--dichlorocyc1ohexane 71 Transducer 151 - capacitance 283 - electromagnetic acoustic 279 - frequence response 237 - interdigital 278 - LiNb<J3 shear-wave 278 - magnetostrictive 278 - piezoelectric 278 - PVDF foil 280,283 Translational energy 17,22,64,65, 76 - distribution 20 Translational temperature 64,65,66,71, 85 Transfer function 183,214,215,216,224 Transient - digitizer 138 - electric perturbation 12 - heating 3,83,134 - temperature 8,61,132 Transmission - spectroscopy 133, 139

376

- spectrum 141 Transverse acousto-electric - effect 293 - voltage (fA V) 289 Trimethylaluminum 25 Two-ladder,three-region model 58 Two-photon - excitation 28 - photoemission 118

Ultrahigh vacuum 15,20,36 Ultrashort puis 148 Ultrasonic - analysis of thin film 130 - imaging 130 - transducer 133 UV photoablation 79

Valence excitation 15 Van der Waals - bond 62 - film 57 Velocity distribution 20,28,37 - nonthermal 28 Vibrational - excitation 1,16 - -rotational energy level 23

W(OO)6 27 Wave - acoustic 3 - equation 251 - thermal 3 Wavelength effect 70 Weak absorption 189 Wide band gap - crystal 106 - ionic material 104 - material 114

X-band microwave radiation 205 Xe arc lamp 29 XeCllaser 21 X-ray 14 - photoelectron spectroscopy 20

Yttrium iron gamet (YIG) 348

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