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STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH SIMPLE
SENTENCE
Made by Diana Yerzhina (LB1-11-40) and LB1-12-40
Parts of sentences Subject (подлежащее) Predicate (сказуемое) Attribute (определение) Object (дополнение) Adverbal Modifier (обстоятельство) of:
Time (времени)Place (места)Reason (причины)Manner (образа действия)Purpose (цели)Degree (степени)Condition (условия)
Types of sentences Narrative sentences
(повествовательные) Exclamatory sentences
(восклицательные) Stimulating sentences (побудительные) Questions (вопросительные)
Narrative sentences:
Affirmative sentences (утвердительные)
Negative sentences (отрицательные)
Affirmative sentences
… Subject Predicate
Examples The war is over. - Война окончена. Susie smokes. - Сьюзи курит. We like to read books. – Мы любим
читать книги.
Negative sentences
not … Subject
Main verb(Nominative
structure)Auxiliary
(link)verb
Examples I do not want to sleep yet. – Я еще не
хочу спать. I have not read that book. - Я не читал
эту книгу. You should not go there. -
Тебе не следует туда ходить. I am not ready yet. – Я еще не готов.
Exclamatory sentencesThese sentences can have structure ofa) Special questions, but with direct
word order- What a lovely day it is! – Какой чудесный день!- How beautiful it is! - Как это красиво! b) Narrative sentences - I can't believe this! - Я не могу этому поверить!
Stimulating sentences Look like affirmative sentences ( )
Predicate Subject …
BUT Subject
Auxiliary verb/
Link verb
Main verb/ Nominative
structure
!
Examples Wash your hands. - Помой руки. Do your homework! - Делай уроки! Don't close the door! - Не закрывай
дверь!
General question (общий) Special question (специальный) Alternative question (альтернативный) Disjunctive question (разделительный)
Questions
General question
…? – - Yes / No .
Auxiliary Verb OR modal verb OR link-
verb Subject
Auxiliary verb
Small subject
Auxiliary verb OR
modal verb OR link-verb
Semantic verb
* Semantic verb = main verb
Examples Are you from Brazil? - Вы из Бразилии?
Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Did you meet Andy? - Вы видели Энди?
Yes, I did. / No, I did not. Was she at home yesterday? - Она вчера
была дома?Yes, she was. / No, she was not.
Special question
…? – …
Auxiliary(link) verb
Subject Main verb
(Nominative structure)
Subject Predicate
Interrogative word (WH…)
Examples When did you leave the house? – Когда
ты ушел из дома? Where are you from? - Откуда вы? How much money do you have? -
Сколько у вас денег?
Alternative question
…or…?– – …
Auxiliary Verb
(Link verb) Subject Main verb
(nominative structure)
Predicate Subject
Examples Will you have tea or coffee? - Вы будете
чай или кофе? Do you want to go for a walk or to stay
at home? – Ты хочешь пойти погулять или остаться дома?
Is your car red or blue? - Твоя машина красная или зеленая?
not
…, - Yes, - No, not .
Subject Predicate
Auxiliary verb
Disjunctive question
Small subject
Auxiliary verb
Small subject
Small subject
Auxiliary verb
Examples You don’t believe me, do you? – Вы мне
не верите, не так ли? This is her car, isn’t it? – Это ее
машина, не так ли? Our team will win this match, won't it? -
Наша команда выиграет этот матч, не правда ли?
References http://www.correctenglish.ru/theory/gramma
r/kinds-of-questions/ http://www.alleng.ru/mybook/3gram/synt13.
htm http://www.correctenglish.ru/theory/gramma
r/sentence-structure/