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SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON : 1. TRACING CHANGES SCIENCE (HISTORY) THROUGH A THOUSAND YEARS WORKSHEET‐1 Skill /Competencies/ Target Learning Outcomes Suggested Concept Strategies Evaluation, Critical Appraisal of changes in the Class activity report writing subcontinent with time Interpretation, Comprehension of passages from primary individual Notes making sources and appreciates its basic thrust. activity summarizing Observation, Finding out differences/similarities between Picture interpretation, critical learner’s own life and surroundings with the reflection thinking, analysis one depicted in the visual. SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1: TLO: Critical Appraisal of changes in the subcontinent with time Hold a planned mock press conference (with principal/teacher as special invitee guest) in the class on the topic ‘Periodization of Indian history into Ancient ,Medieval and Modern periods’ with special reference to the main changes in different names used and their meaning especially in the Medieval times. The bright group of 8 shall answer, others shall ask questions including tricky ones and note down answers and individually shall prepare a report. (Video recording recommended also to be shown to class.) 1. Make a tree sketch and provide all the sources of history as leaves and importance of it in a caption. 2. Make a project report on the topic ‘Archeological and literary sources’ of Medieval history. (to be evaluated in the peer group) SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2: TLO: Comprehension of passages from primary sources and appreciates its basic thrust.
Transcript

SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON : 1. TRACING CHANGES

SCIENCE (HISTORY) THROUGH A THOUSAND YEARS

WORKSHEET‐1

Skill /Competencies/ Target Learning Outcomes

Suggested

Concept

Strategies

Evaluation, Critical Appraisal of changes in the Class activity

report writing subcontinent with time

Interpretation, Comprehension of passages from primary individual

Notes making sources and appreciates its basic thrust. activity

summarizing

Observation, Finding out differences/similarities between Picture

interpretation, critical learner’s own life and surroundings with the reflection

thinking, analysis one depicted in the visual.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1:

TLO: Critical Appraisal of changes in the subcontinent with time

Hold a planned mock press conference (with principal/teacher as special invitee guest) in the

class on the topic ‘Periodization of Indian history into Ancient ,Medieval and Modern periods’

with special reference to the main changes in different names used and their meaning

especially in the Medieval times. The bright group of 8 shall answer, others shall ask questions

including tricky ones and note down answers and individually shall prepare a report. (Video

recording recommended also to be shown to class.)

1. Make a tree sketch and provide all the sources of history as leaves and importance of it in a

caption.

2. Make a project report on the topic ‘Archeological and literary sources’ of Medieval

history. (to be evaluated in the peer group)

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2: TLO: Comprehension of passages from primary sources and appreciates its basic thrust.

Write meaning of any 4 of the above (in 10 minutes.)

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 3: TLO: Finding out differences/similarities between learner’s own life and surroundings.

Official meeting in medieval times

Individual Activity :‐ (Picture reflection) Find out similarities and differences between a meeting

then and now and write a report in 150 words.

Suggested Activities

You can similarly provide useful projects, teaching strategies and activities based on resources

at Vidyalaya level and round like field trip to a museum or a palace or fort, panel discussion,

Mock talk show, project method, film show, Power Point Presentation, Quiz etc.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT

1. What are the sources of Medieval History? 2. Divide time period of Indian history into Ancient, Medieval and Modern Periods? 3. What is the importance of written sources of Medieval History? 4. Divide time period of Indian history into Ancient, Medieval and Modern Periods?

SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON : 2. NEW KINGS AND

(HISTORY) KINGDOMS

WORKSHEET‐2

Skill /Competencies/ Concept Target Learning Outcomes Suggested Strategies

Listing, List and present individual activity

Presentation significant political,

Explanation economic, social and

cultural developments

Discussion, Correlate India’s past Individual activity

correlation, with contemporary group activity

analysis developments of other

parts of the world.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1: TLO: List and Present significant political, economic, social and cultural developments

Collect picture and information on at least two temples built during the Chola period

and prepare a Presentation for class.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2: TLO: Correlate India’s past with contemporary developments with other

parts of the world.

Hold general discussion in the class on the topic ‘Who was a greater warrior‐ Mahmud of

Gazni or Mohammad Ghori’.

Group Activity : Prepare a project report on Chola Art and Architecture and compare it

with those days European Art and Architecture.

Individual Activity : Each student should prepare a presentation of 10 minutes on Chola Village

Administration as compared to that of Panchayati Raj Administration.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT

1. Which Battle was favourable for Mohammad Ghori?

2. Whose statues were built in great numbers in the Chola Period?

TEST YOURSELF

1. Which of these sources are used by historians

a. Inscriptions b. Manuscripts c. Coins d. All of the above

2. Indian history was divided into periods

a. Muslim period b. Hindu period c. British

period d. All of the above

3. Give one word answer:‐

i. Most famous Chola ruler............ .

ii. Book written by Al Biruni.............

iii. He built the town of Thavjavur........ 4. Write short answers in 30 words :‐

i. What do you mean by Archive.

ii. What was the result of lack of original manuscript.

iii. What were Prasasthis

iv. Who was Khalan. What did he write. 5. Write the answer in 80 words:‐

i. What led to changes in economic and social life of people during Medieval period.

ii. Give reasons why the system of Chola state was highly organized.

SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON : 3. THE DELHI

(HISTORY) SULTANS

WORKSHEET‐3

Skill /Competencies/ Concept Target Learning Outcomes Suggested Strategies

Presentation , Presentation and group activity

Analysis, explanation of major

Summarizing developments and takes

Presentation , interest in exploring Individual activity,

sketching his/her area

Preparing a write up and

drawing a sketch of the

building.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1:

TLO: Presentation and explanation of major developments and takes

interest in exploring his/her area.

Group activity: Make a project report on ‘Ala –ud Din’s Market Reforms’ comparing and

contrasting it with modern day market reforms in your area. ( Guidelines‐ make use of

history books, relevant websites etc.)

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2: TLO: Preparing a write up and drawing a sketch of the building.

Collect pictures of the Monuments built during the periods of Delhi Sultans, make their

sketches (any two) and write few lines on (any 4) and their important features.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT

1. Write a note on Qutub Minar?

2. Who was the Real founder of Muslim Empire in India?

3. Why is Muhammad Tughlaq known as a learned failure?

SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON : 4. THE MUGHAL

(HISTORY) EMPIRE

WORKSHEET‐4

Skill /Competencies/ Concept

Target Learning

Suggested Strategies

Outcomes

Presentation, Shows understanding Individual activity

Explanation of the political history group activity

quizzing of the period.

integration, correlation, discussing

with

peer group activity

inference, critical observations

thinking, analysis peer group ; reading

interpretation textual sources

inference

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1:

TLO: Shows understanding of the political history of the period.

1. Find out 9 gems of Akbar’s court, collect informations about ‘Din –i‐Ilahi’ of Akbar .

2. Quiz—Each student shall prepare a set of 30 questions for quiz on the Mughal Empire .The teacher

shall select the best question set and ask students to answer the same .

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2:

TLO: Discussing observations with peer group; reading textual

sources

1. Peer group Activity –

Collect Pictures of the different Mughal Rulers and paste in the file with literary works on the life of

the kings and give your reflection in peer group.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT

1. Why is Akbar known as a Great king in the history of India?

2. How Akbarnama and Ain‐i‐Akbari are useful to reconstruct history?

3. Give the correct sequence of Mughal emperors as they ruled in India.

SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON : 5. RULERS AND

SCIENCE (HISTORY) BUILDINGS

WORKSHEET‐5

Skill /Competencies/ Concept

Target Learning Outcomes

Suggested

Strategies

Description, Describes and reflects on Individual

reflection the varieties of Activity,

monumental architecture Project

report

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1:

TLO: Describes and reflects on the varieties of monumental

architecture

Individual Activity – Album : Collect pictures of Monumental Buildings, Forts etc. of the Mughal Era

and Prepare an Album, write reflection in your own words with a brief description of each.

Project – Make a Project report on the Monumental Architecture in South India.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT

1. How construction of Mosque in India has peculiar features of Architecture?

2. Give the details of Taj Mahal as Architectural wonder in the World?

TEST YOURSELF

1. The iqta system was introduced by

a. Qutubud Din Aibek b. Iltutmish

c. Razia d. AllaudinKhalji

2. The idea of Sulh I Kul or universal peace was led by

a. Akbar b. Babur

c. Shahjahan d. Timur

3. The battle of Panipat was fought between

a. Babur and Ibrahim Lodi

b. Akbar and Ibrahim Lodi

c. Ibrahim Lodi and Humayun

d. Babur and Uzbegs

Fill in the blanks:‐

i. The Agra fort was built by.......

ii. Akbar’s revenue minister was......

iii. The first Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate was........ Write short answers in 30 words :‐

i. What were the disadvantages of token currency issued by Muhammad Tuglaq. ii. Who wrote Akbarnama. What is it about.

iii. Why temples and the Mosque were beautifully constructed.

Write the answer in 100 words:‐

i. Describe the architectural innovations made during Akbar's reign. ii. Describe the development of political institutions under the Delhi Sultans.

iii. Compare the rule of Allauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tuglaq.

SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON : 6. TOWNS,

(HISTORY) TRADERS AND

CRAFTSPERSON

WORKSHEET‐6

Skill /Competencies/

Target Learning Outcomes

Suggested Strategies

Concept

Critical thinking, Attempts to find out the group activity

analysis differences/similarities

interpretation between present day

inference Urban centers with the

one discussed in the

chapter.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1:

TLO: Attempts to find out the differences/ similarities between present day Urban centers with the one discussed in the chapter.

Group activity –class should be divided into group . Each group is to be assigned a town. Children have

to prepare an account of the history of these towns through Power Point Presentations. They have to

be presented before the rest of the group‐

1. Lucknow 2. Mysore 3. Amritsar 4. Hyderabad 5. Vishakhapatnam

LEARNING ASSESSMENT

1. On the Map mark the important Urban centres of India?

2. Name 5 Pilgrimage centres of India?

SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON : 7. TRIBES, NOMADS

(HISTORY) AND SETTLED COMMUNITIES

WORKSHEET‐7

Skill /Competencies/ Concept Target Learning Outcomes Suggested Strategies

Integration, Infers that different Individual activity

correlation, inference, regions, people and group activity

critical thinking, communities had

analysis contributed towards

interpretation the making of the

inference history of mankind .

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1: TLO: Infers that different regions, people and communities had

contributed towards the making of the history of mankind

Individual Activity – Make a detailed chart of various pastoral communities in India, the regions

they belong to, their livelihoods etc.

Group Activity – Divide the class into groups and prepare a project report on any one tribal society

in present India.

TEST YOURSELF

MCQ

1. The river that flows near Thanjavur is

a. Kaveri b. Godaveri c. Mahanadi

d.Tapti

2. Which of the following cities did not rise in the 18th Century.

a. Bombay b. Calcutta c. Madras d. Delhi

Fill in the blanks :‐

i. The cultivation practiced by the Gonds.......... .

ii. The Gonds were defeated by the...............

iii. The caravan of the Banjaras was called............... Short answer type:‐

i. What is a clan.

ii. What attracted the European traders to India.

Long answer type

i. Why did Surat begin to decline towards the end of the 17th Century.

ii. Describe the administration of Gond state.

SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON : 8. DEVOTIONAL

(HISTORY) PATHS TO THE DIVINE

WORKSHEET‐8

Skill /Competencies/ Concept Target Learning Outcomes Suggested Strategies

Discuss Discuss major belief system Individual &Class

interpretation and takes interest in activity,

inference exploring their Group discussion

surroundings.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1: TLO: Discuss major belief system and takes interest in exploring

their surroundings

Visit to a Mosque, Church , Temple and Gurudwara and discuss in the class, what you see.

Make a collage of important Sufis and Bhakti Saints .

Group Discussion –Hold a general discussion in the class on ‘Din‐i‐ilahi’ of Akbar . (Was it a religion or

a code of conduct)

Assignment – Draw the picture of any four Bhakti Saints in your notebook . Write about their

main teachings.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT

1. Who are Bhakti saints?

s2. What was their thinking and preaching?

SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON : 9. THE

SCIENCE (HISTORY ) MAKING OF REGIONAL

CULTURES

WORKSHEET‐9

Skill /Competencies/ Concept Target Learning Outcomes

Suggested

Strategies

Coordination, negotiation, Listens to others, group

Speaking, negotiates differences, activity

decision making makes rules for better

inference, functioning of the group

and also takes decisions

collectively.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1: TLO: Listens to others, negotiates differences ,make rules for

better functioning of the group and also takes decisions

collectively.

Group activity – In a group teacher should assign a state from the North ,South ,West ,East ,Northeast

and Central parts of India to each group .The group will collect information on the assigned states under

the sub headings –

1 Capital of the states 2 Old names (if any ) 3 Food Items 4 Main Occupations 5 Major Dance Forms 6 Major Language Spoken 7 Major Religions

Students should imagine themselves to be the citizen of the state assigned and present the

collected information in the form of the Role play.

Individual activity – Collect pictures of different classical and folk dances of India and paste in

your scrapbook . Also mention the state they belong to.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT

1. How did various languages and Literature flourish in the Medieval world?

SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL‐B1 CLASS VII LESSON :10 EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

SCIENCE (HISTORY) POLITICAL FORMATIONS

WORKSHEET‐10

Skill /Competencies/ Concept Target Learning Outcomes Suggested Strategies

Exploration, Likes to explore Individual activity,

taking initiatives her surroundings group activity

and takes

initiative in

talking to elders

and consulting

the library to

collect popular

tales.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1: TLO: Likes to explore her surroundings and takes initiative in

talking to elders and consulting the library to collect popular tales

Individual Activity – Collect the pictures of some famous Rajput rulers, Later Mughal Rulers and Peshwas

of the Marathas and Guru Gobind Singh and paste in the scrap book .

Group Activity –Divide the class in group of ten students each. Each group will collect the informations

on the Marathas / Rajputs /Sikhs and share this collected information with other students of the class.

TEST YOURSELF

MCQ

1. The genealogy of Sufi Saints ....

(a)Sufism (b)Silsila (c)Tariqa (d)Zikr

2. The leader of Vaishnava bhakti movement was....

(a)Ramadeva (b)Chaitaniyadeva (c)Ramaniya (d)Ramananda

3. The ruler of Iran who invaded Delhi...

(a) Ahmad Shah Abdali (b) Muhammad Ghori (c) Mahmud of Ghazni (d) Nadir Shah

Fill in the blanks...

(a) Asaf Jah was first made the governor of........ (b)The capital of Bengal under the Mughals......... (c)The saints devoted to Vishnu were called......

Short answer type questions...... (a) Give a life sketch of Guru Nanak.

(b) What was the distinguishing feature of Kangra Art?

(c) Why was Awadh an important Province?

Long answer type questions....

(a) What do you know about the Bhakti Movement? What were its basic principles?

(b)What is the contribution of the Pala rulers of Bengal to languages and literature?

(c) Write the common features of the State of Hyderabad, Bengal and Awadh?

SUBJECT:SOCIAL LEVEL:B1 CLASS:VII LESSON‐1

SCIENCE(GEOGRAPHY) (ENVIRONMENT)

WORKSHEET ‐11

Skill Target Learning Outcomes Suggestive Strategies

/Competency/Concept

Observation Understands the inter Individual task

Explanation relationship between Group activity

Differentiate natural environment and Role Play

Co‐relate human habitation Classification game

Takes interest in Visit to a nearby

exploring the park

surroundings, observes

the details

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Understands the interrelationship between natural

environment and human habitation.

ROLE PLAY:

Procedure: The class will be divided into two groups and asked to present small skit based on issues related to Environmental degradation and conservation.

For example: If all the trees are cut in the forest, what will be the consequences. After the skit each group will analyze the issue raised by the other group and list out the

steps taken to protect the environment.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2 TLO: Takes interest in exploring the surroundings, observes the

details

CLASSIFICATION GAME: Procedure: 1. The class will be divided into four groups and asked to make a list of atleast fifteen things

from their surroundings.

2. Classify these things into Biotics, Abiotic, Natural and Human made components in the given

table:

Biotic components Abiotic components Natural components Human made

components

LEARNING ASSESSMENT :

1. Tick the correct answer:

a) Which one of these is a part of natural environment?

i) tree iii) school

ii) road iv) house

b) Which one of these is a biotic component?

i) soil iii) rainwater

ii) rose plant iv) oxygen

2. Give one word for the following : a) The surroundings and the conditions in which we live, constitute our __________ . b) The solid crust of the earth is known as __________________.

SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL:B1 CLASS:VII LESSON ‐2 INSIDE THE EARTH

SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) WORKSHEET 12

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Suggestive Strategies

Outcomes

Identification Takes interest in Individual task

Interpret exploring the Group activity

Recall interior of the Pair and share

Analyzing earth

Knows about the

types of rocks

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1:

TLO: Knows about the types of rocks

PICTURE BASED ACTIVITY

1. Identify the monuments and name the rocks which have been used to make them

a) Name of monument ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

b) Rock used ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

c) What type of rock is it?

a) Name of monument‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

b) Rock used‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

c) What type of rock is it? ______________________

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2 TLO: Takes interest in exploring the interior of the earth

MODEL MAKING AND IDENTIFICATION ACTIVITY

Make a model with the help of colourful clay and label it with the words given in

the box

Core, Mantle, Inner

core, Crust

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

1. Fill in the blanks :

i) Limestone is metamorphosed into ______________(marble/slate)

ii) The change of one type of rock into another in a cyclic manner is called

__________________ (conversion/rock cycle)

Differentiate Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks

between the

following:

1.

2.

SUBJECT – SOCIAL LEVEL – B1 CLASS ‐ VII LESSON 3 ( OUR

SCIENCE CHANGING

( GEOGRAPHY) EARTH)

WORKSHEET ‐ 13

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Suggestive Strategies

Outcomes

Identification Knows about the various Individual task

Explain land forms of the earth Group activity

Remember Understands the earth’s Debate

Analyzing movement and their

effect.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Knows about the various land forms of the earth

PICTURE BASED :

1. Identify the pictures and answer the question:

a) What kind of landform do you see in the picture?

b) Where is this type of landform found?

a) What do you see in the picture?

b) Where is this type of landform found?

SAMPLE ACTIVITY:

WALL MAGAZINE:

Students will be divided into groups. First group will be assigned the task of collecting

information on the topic MAN/ NATURE. Second group will edit, compile the collected

information and organize it in the form of wall magazine. Third group will be assigned the

presentation work.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT :

1. Give one word answer:

a) The molten rock inside the volcano is known as _____________

b) The depositional feature of glacier is _______________.

1. Fill in the blanks : a) ____________ are forces which act inside the earth. (endogenic

force/exogenic force) b) A slow moving river of ice is known as ____________ . (waterfall/glacier)

TEST YOURSELF

(LESSON 1 to 3)

1. State true or false : a) The atmosphere protects us from harmful radiation coming from the Sun.(_______)

b) Polar bears can adapt themselves to survive in the desert area. (_______) c) Earthquakes happen along the fault lines on the crust of the earth. (_____)

d) A volcano is a vent on the crust of the earth. (_____)

2. Fill in the blanks :

a) The surroundings and the conditions in which we live, constitute our __________ .

(environment/ lithosphere)

b) The solid crust of the earth is known as __________________.

(lithosphere/hydrosphere)

2. Differentiate between the following:

Meander Ox‐bow lake

1.

2.

3. Match them:

Column A Column B

Biotic component Land

Abiotic component Water

Lithosphere Non‐living things

Hydrosphere Living things

4. What is an Ecosystem?

5. What is sial? 6. Define weathering.

SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL:B1 CLASS: VII LESSON ‐4 (AIR)

SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) WORKSHEET‐14

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Suggested Strategies

Outcomes

Identification Knows about the various Individual task

Relate gases present in the Group activity

Interpret atmosphere & Slogan

Analyzing significance of different

layers of atmosphere

Knows the various

aspects of weather and

climate.

Develops sensitivity

towards the protection

of environment.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Knows about the significance of different layers of

atmosphere

PICTURE BASED:

Label the picture with the help of hints given below

1. All the weather phenomena occur in this layer. 2. It contains a layer of ozone gas. 3. Meteorites burn up in this layer. 4. Ionosphere is a part of this layer. 5. It is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2 TLO: Knows the various aspects of weather and climate.

DATA INTERPRETATION

Complete the table with the help of daily newspaper.

DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4

DATE

Maximum

temperature

Minimum

temperature

Rainfall

On the basis of data collected, answer these questions:

i) Which days recorded the highest and lowest maximum temperature? ii) Which days recorded the highest and lowest minimum temperature? iii) Calculate the total rainfall that occurred during these four days.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT :

MCQ

a) Where is the ozone layer?

i) Mesosphere iii) Troposphere

ii) Exosphere iv) Stratosphere

b) The day to day condition of the atmosphere is called :

i) Weather iii) Rain

ii) Climate iv) Pressure

Fill in the blanks

i) The temperature of air ________________from the equator towards the poles. (increases/decreases)

ii) The atmospheric pressure is_____________ at the mean sea

level. (maximum/minimum)

SUBJECT:SOCIAL LEVEL:B1 CLASS:VII LESSON ‐5(WATER)

SCIENCE(GEOGRAPHY) WORKSHEET‐15

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Suggestive Strategies

Outcomes

Explain Understands the Individual task

classification importance of Water Group activity

Analyzing resources Poster making

Knows about the various

movements of water

Reflects environmental

concerns in his/her

behavior.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Understands the importance of Water resources

SLOGAN OR POSTER MAKING:

For ex. ‐Write the measures to conserve water in the given picture

SAMLPE ACTIVITY 2

TLO: Knows about the various movements of water

CLASSIFICATION GAME:

1. Classify the ocean currents into warm ocean currents and cold ocean currents: a) Gulf stream e) Peru current

b) Labrador current f) Kuroshio current

c) Brazil current g) California current

d) East Australian current h) Canary current

Warm ocean current Cold ocean current

G‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ C‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ B‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ L‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ E‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ C‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ K‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ P‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

LEARNING ASSESSMENT

Q1. Answer in one word: a) What is the other name of hydrologic cycle?

_________________________ b) What is the cause for the occurrence of tides?

_________________________________

Q2. Write true or false:

a) The total amount of water on the earth‘s surface is fixed. (__________) b) The highest high tide occurs only on the full moon day. (__________) c) The highest salinity is found near the poles. (__________)

TEST YOURSELF

(LESSON 4 to 5)

1. Tick the correct answer:

a) The amount of solar energy received by the earth is called :

i) Insolation iii) radiation

ii) Solar energy iv) temperature

b) Where is the ozone layer?

iii) Mesosphere iii) troposphere

iv) Exosphere iv) stratosphere

c) The upper part of sea wave is called :

i) Crust iii) summit

ii) Crest iv) trough

d) Which of the following is a cold current?

i) Gulf stream iii) Monsoon drift

ii) Brazil current iv) Peru current.

2. Fill in the blanks i) The temperature of air ________________from the equator towards the

poles. (increases/decreases) ii) Plants and animals provide moisture to the atmosphere through

__________. (evaporation/transpiration)

iii) The direction of wind can be found with the help of a _______________.

(wind vane/barometer) iv) The process by which the condensed water in the clouds returns to earth is called

__________. (infiltration/precipitation)

3. Distinguish between :

Weather Climate

1

2

3

4. How is high tide beneficial for fishermen?

5. What are the various indicators to define weather. 6. Why people do not sink in the saline water? 7. Explain composition of atmosphere.

SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL:B1 CLASS:VII LESSON ‐6 (NATURAL

SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) VEGETATION)

WORKSHEET‐16

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Suggestive Strategies

Outcomes

Explain Knows about various Individual task

Design types of natural Group activity

Creativity vegetation and Slogan

Analyzing understands the Role play

importance of Bio

diversity

Reflects environmental

concerns in his/her

behavior.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1 TLO: Reflects environmental concerns in his/her behavior.

1. Identify the pictures given below and answer the following question.

a) What does the picture depict?______________

b) What is its significance?_______________

c) What plant is this?________________________ d) What kind of vegetation is this?_________________________ e) What kind of landform is seen in this picture?___________________

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2 TLO: Knows about various types of natural vegetation

GRID PUZZLE :

In this grid are hidden the names of grasslands of various countries. Look for them and write down their names and colour them in grid also.

X Z A B S P N C E

P A M P A S L Q R

R L T X V E L D F

A O L C A M P O S

I Y P A N T F W T

R U O S N M T N E

I E K Q A O R A P

E R K K H B S Y P

S D B N Q Q E U E

Names of Grassland

1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ 3. __________________________ 4. __________________________ 5. ___________________________ 6. ___________________________ 7. ___________________________ 8. ___________________________

LEARNING ASSESSMENT :

1. Give one word for the following: a) The tropical evergreen forests are also known as the________________

b) Tropical deciduous forests are also known as ___________________

2. Fill in the blanks: a) The savannas in Africa are an example of _________ . (grassland/rainforest) b) Mosses, Lichen and small shrubs belong to the ________ type of vegetation. c) The Pine tree is a ____________ tree. ( coniferous/deciduous)

SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL:B1 CLASS:VII LESSON ‐7 (HUMAN

SCIENCE(GEOGRAPHY) ENVIRONMENT – SETTLEMENT,

TRANSPORT AND

COMMUNICATION)

WORKSHEET‐17

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Outcomes Suggestive Strategies

Remember/recall Knows the influence of land Individual task

Describe & climate on human Group activity

Creativity settlement. Collage

Classification Knows about various means

of transport and important

airports and port cities.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Knows about various means of transport.

SURVEY:

1. List various means of transport used by the students of your class. 2. Name the means of transport which are not included in your list. 3. Find out from your grandparents about the means of transport used by them. 4. Collect their pictures.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2

TLO: Knows about important airports and port cities. .

Map activity :

i) On the outline map of India mark and label a) Any two international airports. b) Any two port cities

LEARNING ASSESSMENT :

1. Tick the correct answer: a) Which of the following is an example of mass communication?

i) Television iii) telegraph

ii) Telephone iv) letter

b) The Trans‐Siberian railway runs between Vladivostok and :

i) Moscow iii) St.Petersberg

ii) Paris iv) London

2. Match them:

Column A Column B

Roadways Port

Railways City

Waterways Airport

Airways Metalled

Urban settlement Rajdhani express

TEST YOURSELF

(LESSON 6 to 7)

1. Fill in the blanks:

a. Process of conveying messages to others __________________________________ b. Waterways are the _______________________________________ for carrying heavy & bulky goods c. The Down in Australia are an example of _________ .

d.___________ region is called the ‘orchards of the world’.

2 , Write the names of any two animals found in the following regions :

a) Animals of desert region ______________ , __________________ b) Animals of polar region ______________ , ________________

c) Seaports of India__________, ________________

d) International airports of India __________, ________________

3. Distinguish between :

Tropical evergreen forest Tropical deciduous forest

1

2

3

4. Write any one importance of airways. 5. What are the major activities practiced by the rural people?

6, Name any two states of India where tropical deciduous forests are found?

7. What are the specific features of tropical evergreen forest? Write any two.

SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL:B1 CLASS:VII LESSON ‐8 (HUMAN

SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) ENVIRONMENT – THE TROPICAL

AND SUB TROPICAL REGION)

WORKSHEET‐18

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Outcomes Suggestive Strategies

Understanding Appreciates the cultural Individual task

Differentiate differences existing in the Group activity

Creativity world. Map activity

Analyzing Knows about life of people

of tropical and sub tropical

region.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Appreciates the cultural differences existing in the world.

SCRAP BOOK:

Class will be divided into four groups. Each group will be assigned the topics (Amazon, Ganga Brahmaputra basin and the state they are living in) and asked to collect the following information:

a) Climate b) Vegetation c) Wildlife d) Major crops e) Main occupation f) Tourist places

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2

TLO: Knows about life of people of tropical and subtropical

region.

Map Activity:

1. Locate the Ganga & Brahmaputra basin and colour it. 2. Name the tree which is commonly found in Sunderban Delta. 3. Name the animal shown in the map and where is it found?

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

1. Answer in one word: a. The river Amazon originates in the …………………………………… b. The teak, sal and mahua are varieties of …………………………

2. What kind of houses are built in Amazon region? 3. What are the climatic features of the Ganga Brahmaputra Basin?

SUBJECT: SOCIAL LEVEL:B1 CLASS:VII LESSON ‐9, 10 (LIFE IN

SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS, LIFE

IN DESERTS)

WORKSHEET‐19

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Suggestive Strategies

Outcomes

Understanding Appreciates the cultural Individual task

Identification differences existing in Group activity

Creativity the world. Pair and share

Application Knows about life of

people of temperate

grasslands and deserts

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1:

TLO: Appreciates the cultural differences existing in the

world.

PICTURE BASED ACTIVITY:

1. Name the largest desert of the world. 2. What are the two types of desert?

3. Name some animals of desert.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2: TLO: Appreciates the cultural differences existing in the world.

Read the hints and try to trace out the related words. Write down their names and colour them

in grid also. (Help‐ Answers are in bold letters)

D C G O G S E K H

L A M A R U Y U A

C C J M A A Y D F

O A D G N X N U S

T C R O C K Y G E

T I B A H T H G E

O A V J E H T B R

N J D F S D R H Q

J H C H I N O O K

1. Famous monastery of Laddakh ___________________________ 2. Animal of Velds ______________________________ 3. River of Veld region ______________________________ 4. Tree of a hot desert ____________________________ 5. Large cattle forms of Prairies ______________________________ 6. Mountain of North America ________________________________ 7. Crop of Sahara desert _________________________________ 8. Local wind of Prairies _________________________________

LEARNING ASSESSMENT

1. Who are Bedouins? 2. What are oasis? 3. What do the people of Sahara do to protect themselves from hot winds? 4. Why is Kimberley famous for? 5. What are ranches?

TEST YOURSELF

(LESSON 8 TO 10)

1. Fill in the blanks:

a. Manioc is a staple food of __________________________________ b. Large cattle farms called _____________________________ c. Marino is the species of ______________________________

2. Answer the following questions: a. In which continent is the Sahara desert located?

__________________________________________________________________ b. What are the two types of desert found in the world?

________________________________________________________________________ ___

c. What is the origin of the name Sunderban? _____________________________________________________________________

d. What kind of natural vegetation is found in the Amazon basin? ________________________________________________________________________ __________

e. Which animals are reared by laddakhis? ________________________________________________________________________ ___

3. State whether the following statements are true or false:

a. Sahara is a hot type of desert. b. The temperate grasslands of North America are known as the Veld. c. The tributaries of river Ganga and Indus form the Sunderban delta. d. The river Amazon originates in the Rocky mountain.

4. Describe the weather of Laddakh. 5. Why are Prairies referred to as the “granaries of the world”?

SUBJECT:‐SOCIAL LEVEL:‐ B1 CLASS VII LESSON :‐1 ON EQUALITY

SCIENCE WORKSHEET: 20

(POLITICAL SCIENCE )

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Outcome Suggestive Strategies

Understand Introduce the learner to Individual Task

Identify political equality Group Task

Analysis Social inequality, Comprehension

Thinking Skill Economic inequality based

Explain Equality in Indian Collage making

Co relation with practical democracy Scrap book

life Issues of equality in other

democracies

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Introduce the learner to political equality

Picture Comprehension

Look at the above picture and write a short paragraph based upon it .Use the word given in

the bracket (Adult, Universal adult franchise, Caste, 18 Years)

The right of the people to vote and elect their representative is called‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐means that the

right to vote should be given to all‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐citizen without the discrimination of ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐,

class, religion or sex. All citizens above the age of ‐‐‐‐‐‐has a right to vote.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:‐

1. What is the voting age in India? 2. What is meant by Universal adult franchise? 3. What do you mean by Political Equality? 4. Fill in the blanks‐ a) India is a‐‐‐‐‐‐Country.

b) Democracy is a form of government in which people govern themselves through ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

. c) Universal adult franchise is based on the idea of ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY ‐2 TLO: Social inequality, Economic inequality

PICTURE 1

PICTURE 2

1. What can you say about the two men in the two pictures given above? 2. What type of inequality you observe in this picture?

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

1. What do you understand by diversity?

2. Explain how social and economic equality are vital for the success of democracy.

3. What is the most common form of inequality in India?

4. What are the basis on which people are treated unequally?

5. Fill in the blanks:

a) The Indian ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐recognizes every person as equal.

b) When persons are treated unequally, their ‐‐‐‐‐‐is violated.

SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL:‐ B1 CLASS VII LESSON :‐2

(POLITICAL SCIENCE ) ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT

IN HEALTH

WORKSHEET: 21

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Outcome Suggestive

Strategies

Analyze Introduce the learner to Classification

Compare & Contrast Private and public health Game

Explain care system. Individual

Classify Health care in India. Task

Evaluate Health care and equality. Group Task

Survey

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Introduce the learner to Private and public health

care system

Classification Game

Some words are given in the boxes choose these words and write them in their appropriate

column.

Clean, Crowded, High cost of treatment, Availability of Doctors, Lots of test, Long queue,

Mostly in urban area, Poor can afford, Not run for profit, Services organized by the

government.

Private Health Services Public Health Services

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

1. What are the two broad categories of healthcare services? 2. Explain any two main features of Public health services. 3. Explain any two main features of Private.

SUBJECT:‐SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL:‐ B1 CLASS VII LESSON :‐3

(POLITICAL SCIENCE ) HOW THE STATE

GOVERNMENT WORKS

WORKSHEET: 22

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Outcome Suggestive Strategies

Understand Introduce the learner to Mock Election

Explain Election procedure in a Wall Paper

Appreciate the election democratic set up. Project

system in India Role of MLA or Minister Role play

Create Working of the Report Writing

Relate government Individual Task

Discover Group Task

Observe

Research

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Introduce the learner to Election procedure in a

democratic set up.

Mock Election

Procedure: Election process can start one week in advance. (Nomination, Campaigning,

Voting, Counting of votes, Result)

1. The teacher will ask one student to be the Chief Election Commissioner.

2. Ballot Paper will be prepared by students.

3. Two students can be made Returning officers.

4. Two students can be made as officers on election duty.

5. Result to be declared by Chief Election Commissioner.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

Define the following terms‐

1. Majority 2. Minority 3. Ruling Party 4. Opposition party 5. Constituency

2. Who is an MLA? 3. How did the MLA become Minister? 4. Who is the Governor of your state? 5. Who is the Chief Minister of your state?

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2

TLO: Introduce the learner to the Working of the

government

Wall Paper Project

1. Teacher will introduce the topic and have brief discussion. 2. Children will do the work individual or in pair to read and collect the material.

3. They write down their experiences.

4. The group looks at the material that they have selected or written.

5. They make decision and finalize the layout for the wall project.

6. Each group then presents the wall paper project to the entire class

7. Feedback from teacher and other groups.

TEST YOURSELF

LESSON 1‐3

1. What do you understand by democracy?

2. The right to vote was not always a universal right .Explain.

3. Expand the abbreviation MLA.

4. Name two categories of Health care services.

5. What are the reasons for inequality in health services? What can be done to remove

inequality in health services?

6. Fill in the blanks:

a) In India general election are held at a regular interval of ‐‐‐‐‐years.

b) The body which conduct election in India is the ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.

c) The political party which has more than ‐‐‐‐‐percent of the total representatives in

a assembly or Parliament is known as ‐‐‐‐party.

7. True or False?

a) The government is not responsible for maintaining law and order in the country.

b) A particular area from which voters choose their representatives is known as

constituency.

c) Representative democracy is a form of direct democracy.

d) People hold the power to change the government.

e) Democracy stands on the foundation of human dignity.

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2

TLO: Understands the lives of domestic workers

SURVEY

Class will be divided in to two groups. Each group is given the task of conducting an interview

of different types of workers e.g. Domestic worker or Labors and ask them some questions

regarding their working hours and wages etc.

1. Each group will present a report regarding the lives of domestic workers.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

1. What type of work is done by domestic workers? 2. Do you agree house work is physically demanding? 3. Why the employers of the domestic works do not show them much respect?

SUBJECT:‐SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL:‐ B1 CLASS VII LESSON :‐5

(POLITICAL SCIENCE ) WOMEN CHANGE THE WORLD

WORKSHEET: 23

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Outcome Suggestive Strategies

Create Who does what work Chart Making

Explain Rigid expectation about Collage

Design women and men in our Individual Task

Relate society Group Task

Classify Learning for change Quiz

Women’s movement

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Who does what work?

COLLAGE MAKING

1. Class will be divided in 4 groups.

2. Group 1 will collect the pictures of famous women leaders of India.

3. Group 2 will collect the picture of women social workers.

4. Group 3 will collect the pictures of women players.

5. Group 4 will make collage and present the work in front of the class.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

1. What is stereotyping? Give two examples of gender stereotyping.

2. How did the role of gender in India change over the ages?

3. Why is the birth of a girl child often seen as something to be sorry about?

4. Who was first woman prime minister of India?

5. Who was the first woman President of India?

6. Who was the first woman Engine driver?

7. Who was the first woman to scale Mount Everest?

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 2 TLO: Rigid expectation about women and men in our

society.

CHART BASED

Fill the flow chart from the given box. ( work done by male or female )

Doctor, Nurse, Farmer, Pilot, Teacher, Driver, Soldier .Mason, Cook, Shopkeeper,

Domestic worker. Businessman, Scientist, Engineer ,Fashion Designer

1. What are the rigid expectations about women and men in our society ?

2. Name the one way which has created opportunities for women.

TEST YOURSELF

LESSON‐ 4‐5

1. Fill in the blanks:

a) Our constitution provides‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐of genders. b) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐is when we do not treat people equally or with respect due to prejudices.

2. True or False?

a) Most of the work done by women is _________. b) Women organization protested against different violation. 3. How does the society make a distinction between girls and boys?

4. Gender refers to the school classification into ‘Men and ‘Women’.

5. Man do not face any form of gender stereotyping. Explain.

6. What are the different areas of work for men and

women? 7. How gender inequality to be reduced within the

family? 8. Describe the lives of domestic workers.

9. What are the methods used for creating awareness? 10. How is woman’s work at home not recognized as work?

SUUBJECT:‐SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL:‐ B1 CLASS VII LESSON :‐6

(POLITICAL SCIENCE ) UNDERSTANDING MEDIA

WORKSHEET: 24

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Outcome Suggestive Strategies

Recall Introduce the learner to Cross Word

Explain different types of Mass Puzzle

Relate Media Chart Making

Analyze Media and Technology Collage

Media and Money Report writing

Debate

Group

discussion

Individual Task

Group Task

Quiz

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Introduce the learner to different types of

Mass Media.

CROSS WORD PUZZLE

Here is a cross word puzzle .Students have to find the different forms of mass media vertically

and horizontally. Students will be instructed to complete the cross word within 5 minutes

M C N O T Y Y H N B N

A G T E E D D v D T Y

G S F B L K L W R D R

A I N T E R N E T W E

G S E R V Y U I O P A

I S F G I Y W C V B N

N N E W S P A P E R J

E Z C C I B N M K A J

A D G E O A F H K D U

W E R Y N B M J O I Y

X C B N M H J E G O T

S V B N F G F D G H J

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

1. What are called mass media? 2. What is electronic media? 3. Give some examples for the means of communication in the ancient world.

SUBJECT:‐SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL:‐ B1 CLASS VII LESSON :‐7

(POLITICAL SCIENCE ) UNDERSTANDING ADVERTISING

WORKSHEET: 25

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Outcome Suggestive

Strategies

Clarity of thought Building brands and brand Group

Oratory skill value discussion

Design Brand value and social value Collage

Produce Advertising and democracy Chart

Relate Effects of advertising Slogan

Show Scrap book

Explain

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Introduce the learner to effects of

advertising

GROUP DISCUSSION

Procedures:

1. The class may be divided into small groups.

2. Teacher will introduce the topic ‘Effects of advertising’.

3. Teacher will raise a questions ‘Advantages and disadvantages of advertisement.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

1. What does advertisement do?

2. What is the impact of the advertisement in our life?

3. What are social advertisements?

SUBJECT:‐SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL:‐ B1 CLASS VII LESSON :‐8

(POLITICAL SCIENCE ) MARKET AROUND US

WORKSHEET: 26

Skill/Competency/Concept Target Learning Outcome Suggestive Strategies

Analyze Introduce to learner to Poster Making

Logical presentation various type of markets Picture

Relate eg. comprehension

Create Weekly Market Survey

Categories Shops in neighborhood Group Discussion

Explain Shopping complexes and Collage

malls Report writing

Chain of markets Individual task &

Markets and equality Group task

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Introduce the learner to various type of

markets

POSTER MAKING

The teacher will assign a various types of market to every group. Students will make a

poster and display their work in front of the class .

LEARNING ASSESSMENT :

1. Who are the sellers in the weekly market?

2. What are the different kinds of shops that you find in your neighborhood?

3. Why are things cheap in the weekly market?

TEST YOURSELF

LESSON 6‐8

1. How has government tried to implement equality? 2. What are the different types of market? 3. How do goods reache to the consumer? 4. Why are branded products costlier? 5. What is the role of media in democracy? 6. What is print media? 7. Explain the role of media in democracy? 8. What is the consequence of the media? 9. TRUE OR FALSE?

a) Advertisement helps building brand name of product. b) Weekly market has permanent shops. c) Social advertisement has no message to convey. d) T.V. has made us think of ourselves as global citizen. e) A wholesale trader sells the goods to a consumer. f) We can purchase goods through internet without going to the market. g) Advertisement mostly focuses on the lives of rich and famous.

SUBJECT:‐SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL:‐ B1 CLASS VII LESSON :‐9

(POLITICAL SCIENCE ) A SHIRT IN THE MARKET

WORKSHEET: 27

Skill/Competency/Concept Target learning outcome Suggestive strategies

Understand Introduce the learner to Individual task

Writing skill Market and equality Group task

Estimate Who are the gainer in the Survey

Analyze market

Differentiate

Criticize

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Introduce the learner to market and

equality

REPORT WRITING:

Students will ask to visit to any factory or production unit. Teacher can provide a

guideline regarding the information to be collected, after collection students will present a

report regarding the process of manufacturing

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

1. Who is the gainer in the market?

2. People who don’t gain much in the market .

SUBJECT:‐SOCIAL SCIENCE LEVEL:‐ B1 CLASS VII LESSON :‐10

(POLITICAL SCIENCE ) STRUGGLES FOR EQUALITY

WORKSHEET: 28

Skill/Competency/Concept Target learning outcome Suggestive strategies

Understand Introduce the learner to Picture

Criticize different ways of Comprehension

Explain Struggles for equality Group

Analyze The Indian Constitution discussion

as a living document

SAMPLE ACTIVITY 1

TLO: Introduce the learner to different ways of

Struggles for equality.

COMPREHENSION BASED

Throughout the world in every community, village, city and town you will find that there

are some people who are known and respected because of their fight for equality. Some people

join protest movement to fight inequality. At the same time others use their pen, or their voice

to draw attention to issues of inequality.

1. What do you understand by inequality?

2. What do people do when they face inequality?

3. What is the reason for inequality in our society?

TEST YOURSELF

LESSON 9‐10

1. FILL IN THE BLANKS:

a) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐the person who purchases a thing from another person, firm or agency. b) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐is the trader who sells goods to consumer. c) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐is the person who earns his livelihood by doing manual labour. d) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐is a person who sells goods abroad. e) All Indian’s are equal before‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.

2. How has government tried to implement equality? 3. What do you mean by chain of market?

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐


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