Submarine geology and geophysics

OLR (1985) 32 (1 I) 949

85:6556 Kv~t, Radan, 1985. A new concept of the geological

time table. Z. geol. Wiss., 13(2):149-157.

Certain geological events seem to have periodicities of about 220 m.y., the same as the Earth's galactic year. In addition to repeated glaciations, mass extinctions or other radical biological changes and tectonic reorganizations appear to take place at such intervals. The galactic year may turn out to be a useful geochronological time-frame in which seem- ingly disparate, episodic events may yet be tied to cosmological harmonies. Ing. CSc. R KVET, Geogr. ustav CSAV, CS-66282 Brno, Mendlovo nam. 1, Czechoslovakia. (fcs)

85:6557 Raisbeck, G.M., F. Yiou, D. Bourles and D.V. Kent,

1985. Evidence for an increase in cosmogenic 1°Be during a geomagnetic reversal. Nature, Lond., 315(6017):315-317.

At the time of a reversal, magnetic shielding is greatly reduced; it has been suggested that the increased flux of high-energy particles could have effects on evolutionary or climatic processes. Evi- dence in marine sediments for an increase in cosmogenic ~°Be production in the Earth's atmos- phere during the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal 730,000 yr ago is reported. In addition to confirming an increase in cosmogenic isotope production, results provide information on the magnitude and duration of the geomagnetic intensity decrease during such an event, and the depth at which remanent magnetism is acquired in marine sediments. Lab. Rene Bernas, 91406 Orsay, France.

85:6558 Schroeder, J.H., 1985. Eolian dust in the coastal

desert of the Sudan: aggregates cemented by evaporites. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 3(3):371-380.

Eolian dusts collected after dust storms contain aggregates cemented by evaporitic salts which vary in shape, fabric and surface roughness. Aggregation changes grain shape, density and size-distribution of dust particles, i.e. characteristics determining erosion and transport. Upon deposition in the sea, cements are dissolved, aggregates disintegrated, and hence their characteristics obliterated leaving the eolo- marine sediment component with a questionable paleoclimate record. Transport of salts with dust from the coastal plain to the sea constitutes a portion of anticyclic salt movement and probably plays a role in the geochemical balance of the oceans. Inst. fur Geol. und Palaeontol., Tech. Univ. Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 42, D-1000 Berlin 12, FRG.

85:6559 Schroeder, J.H., K.-D. Kachholz and Michael

Heuer, 1984/85. Eolian dust in the coastal desert of the Sudan: aggregates cemented by evaporites. Geo-Marine Letts, 4(3-4): 139-144.

Eolian dusts collected in Port Sudan following dust storms contained aggregates of various shapes, fabrics and surface roughness that were cemented by evaporitic salts. Aggregation may facilitate erosion but enhance or impede transport. Aggregates dis- integrate upon entering the sea thus leaving a misleading paleoclimate record in the sediment. Dust storms carrying salt to the sea are likely an important factor in the ocean geochemical balance. Inst. fur Geol. und Palaeontol., Tech. Univ. Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 42, D-1000 Berlin 12, FRG. (msg)

E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

El0. Apparatus and methods 85:6560

Feller, R.J., Gregory Zagursky and E.A. Day, 1985. Deep-sea food web analysis using cross-xeacting antisera. Deep-Sea Res., 32(4A):485-497.

The high incidence of unrecogni7able prey in the stomachs of deep-sea predators prompted the application of serological methods for identification of

trophic connections. Antisera to whole-organism extracts of estuarine taxa cross-reacted with anti- genic protein extracts of mid-water and deep-sea taxa along phylogenetically correct lines, indicating their potential as tools for gut contents immunoassay. The immunoassay technique, although not a panacea for elucidating food web dynamics in remote environments, may be useful when other methods fail to identify trophic pathways. Belle W.

9"H! ! I{l{)]O~lC~tt O c e a n o g r a p h ' , , ) I R ; i ' ~s " , . .

Baruch Inst. for Mar. Biol. and Coastal Res., Univ. of So. Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208. USA.

85:6561 Guillaume, M., 1984. Applied methodology in ~iero-

chronology: radiography and microdensitometric techniques. Annls Inst. ocdanogr., Paris, 60(2):189-197. (In French, English abstract.)

A method for preparing coral specimens Is described, in particular their enclosure in a synthetic resin. Three devices are tested: a mammograph, a microradiograph and a tomodensitometer. Radio- graphies (obtained with a tomodensitometer) of whole colonies yield little information. Radiograph- ies of thin sections obtained by mammography and microradiography show alternate light and dark bands, clearly visible as a rule though dim in places. A study of densitometric negatives helps distinguish poorly defined bands, but provides no information on growth rhythms. Centre Univ. de la Reunion, Lab. de Biol. Animale, BP no 5, 97490 Sainte- Clotilde, lie de La Reunion, France.

85:6562 Harrison, W.G., T. Platt and M.R. Lewis, 1985. The

utility of light-saturation models for estimating marine primary productivity in the field: a comparison with conventional 'simulated' in-situ methods. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 42(5):864-872.

Primary production rates derived from model photosynthesis-light (P-I) curves and daily solar radiation data were compared with direct measurements using simulated in-situ incubations in arctic and temperate marine waters. On average, model estimates were slightly higher in surface waters and significantly lower at the bottom of the euphotic zone; however, areal production rates were statistically indistinguishable. Use of P-I models without a photoinhibition term and incorporating P-I parameters from mixed-layer populations gave the best overall agreement with directly measured production rates. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

85:6563 Imai, Ichiro, Katsuhiko Itoh and Masateru Anraku,

1984. Extinction dilution method for enumeration of dormant cells of red tide organisms in marine sediments. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 31(2):123- 124. Nansei Reg. Fish. Res. Lab., Ohno-cho, Saeki-gun, Hiroshima-ken, 739-04, Japan.

85:6564 Lindholm, T., K. Weppling and H.S. Jensen, 1985.

Stratification and primary production in a small brackish lake studied by close-interval siphon

sampling. Pro~. mr. 4ss. theor, app/. Lmm,:i (Verh. int. Verein, theor, angew.), 22(4):2190. 2194. Dept. of Biol.. kbo Akademi, SF-20500 Abo 50, Finland

85:6565 Lundgren, Alf, 1985. Model ecosystems as a tool in

freshwater and marine research. Arch. Hvdrobiol, (Suppl.)70(2): 157-196.

A survey of recent studies with model ecosystems suggested that small laboratory microcosms can give quantitative indexes of biodegradability of chemical substances and other information, but more complex systems are needed to test the fate and effects of toxic chemicals on natural ecosystems. Advantages and disadvantages of various enclosures such as the pelagic bag, benthic enclosures, limnocorrals, land- based tanks, and experimental ponds and lakes are described. Includes ca. 150 references. Natl. Swedish Environ. Protection Bd., Products Control Div.. Box 1302, S 17125 Solna. Sweden. (mwf)

85:6566 Milstein, Ana, 1984. Sampling strategy in a very

variable environment. Crustaceana, Supp.(7):336-343.

A method to optimize sampling at the planification level (Ibanez, 1976), based on the realization that environmental gradients are functions of latitude, longitude, depth, date, time of sampling, etc., was applied to studying planktonic copepod ecology at the Bay of Maldonado, Uruguay. Useful information on small-scale fluctuation and its variation was obtained with little effort (15 sampling days). Fish & Aquacult. Res. Sta., Dor, M.P. Hof Hacarrnel, Israel. (msg)

85:6567 Salonen, Kalevi and Jouko Sarvala, 1985. Combi-

nation of freezing and aldehyde fixation: a superior preservation method for biomass deter- ruination of aquatic invertebrates. Arch. Hydro- biol., 103(2):217-230.

85:6568 S~tnchez, R.P. and J.D. de Ciechomski, 1984.

Assessment of the biomass of adult spawners of the anchovy ( ~ ~ ) in the coastal region off Buenos Aires province in spring, 1981 and comparative analysis of the counts of ichthyoplankton collected wlth different mesh sizes. Revta Invest. Des. Pesq., 4:49-61. (In Spanish, English abstract.)

OLR (1985) 32 (11) E. Biological Oceanography 951

85:6569 Sondergaard, Morten, 1985. On the radiocarbon

method: filtration or the acidification and bub- bung method? J. Plankt. Res, 7(3):391-397.

It has recently been claimed that t4C-fixation measured by the acidification and bubbling method gives considerably higher values than the filtration method. The observed discrepancy is probably due to a particle fraction (<0.8~0.2/~m) not included in those results. The size fraction <1.0>0.2 pzn can be a significant fraction of the t4C-fixation, especially in oligotrophic water. The ~4C-activity in that size fraction is probably due to bacteria assimilating labelled extracellular products. Botanical Inst., Univ. of Aarhus, 68, Nordlandsvej, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark.

85:6570 Tamminen, Timo and Elina Leskinen, 1985. Com-

parison of planktonic and periphytic microal~ parameters as Indicators of eutrophication in a Baltic archipelago: annual succession of community parameters. Proc. int. Ass. theor, appl. Limnol. (Verh. int. Verein. theor, angew.), 22(4):2195-2202.

Planktonic and periphytic parameters (primary productivity, chlorophyll a, POC and PON were compared for their usefulness as indicators of ammonium-induced eutrophication. With ten-fold periphyte colonization of the polluted area during early summer and an average community turnover time an order of magnitude greater than that of plankton, periphyte measurements are recommend- ed for effective aquatic monitoring. Tvarminne Zool. Sta., SF-10850 Tvarminne, Finland. (gsb)

F A 0 . A r e a s tud i e s , s u r v e y s (baselines, ecology, etc.)

85:6571 Heimark, G.M. and R.J. Heimark, 1984. Birds and

mamm,,l~ in the Palmer Station area IAntarctkal. Report. Antarct. J , 19(4):3-8. Isle, MN 56342, USA.

85:6572 Smith, R.I.L. and P.A. Prince, 1985. The natural

history of neanehtne Island [Fandund Isi~dsl. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. Lond., 24(3):233-283. NERC, British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Rd., Cam- bridge CB3 0ET, UK.

E50. General biology, ecology, bioge- ography, etc.

85:6573 Clarke, Andrew, 1985. The physiological ecology of

polar marine eetotbems: energy budget, resource allocation and low temperature. Oceanis, 11(1): 11-26.

Temperature influences all physiological processes although research has concentrated particularly on the adaptation of cellular membranes and enzymes. Polar organisms are generally characterised by low rates of basal metabolism, low rates of protein turnover, slow growth and a reduced annual in- vestment in reproductive tissue compared with related species of similar ecology living in warmer water. These physiological strategies are not the result of straightforward limitation by low temperature, but rather a subtle adjustment to the ecological constraints of a cold environment with an intensely seasonal pattern of primary production. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.

85:6574 Gaines, S.D., 1985. Herblvory and between--habitat

diversity: the differential effectiveness of defenses in a marine plant. Ecology, 66(2):473-485.

Interactions between the red alga Iridaea cordata and a guild of herbivores from the Oregon and Washington coasts are examined. The author is specifically interested in three questions: why is there increased damage in the alga upon reproduc- tuve maturation? Is Iridaea equally susceptible to the five herbivores? How does the variety of herbivores influence the alga's distribution when the herbivores are spatially segregated? This paper emphasizes that the variety of consumers can be as important as the intensity of grazing. Hopkins Mar. Sta., Stanford Univ., Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. (jst)

85:6575 Rapport, D.J., H.A. Regier and T.C. Hutchinson,

1985. Ecosystem behavior under stress. Am. Naturalist, 125(5):617-640.

Hans Selye's framework (1973, 1974) for stress physiology was applied to the response of ecosystems to stress. Changes in nutrient cycling, productivity, size of dominant species, species diversity, and a shift in species dominance to opportunistic shorter-lived forms characterize the distress syn- drome for both terrestrial and aquatic systems. Ecosystem homeostasis or homeorhetic mechanisms may temporarily mitigate the effects of stress, but repeated, prolonged, or intensified stress leads to

~!i" ? B l . k ~ g l c a l ~ ) t e a n o g r a p h , ~ : [ R { '~ , -

further dysfunctions and perhaps to irreversible breakdown. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada. (mwf)

ES0. Plankton (also p r imary product iv i ty , seston and detri tus)

85:6576 Alpine, A.E. and J.E. Cloern, 1985. Differences in

in-vivo fluorescence yield between three phytoplankton size classes. J. Plankt. Res., 7(3):381- 390. USGS, MS496, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

85:6577 Barnett, A.M., A.E. Jahn, P.D. Sertic and William

Watson, 1984. Distribution of ichthyoplankton off San Onofre, California, and methods for sampling very shallow coastal waters. Fishery Bull. natn. mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 82(1):97-111.

Fifteen of the nineteen most abundant taxa showed statistically significant abundance patterns. Patterns for the three most common taxa, Engraulis mordax, Genyonemus lineatus, and Seriphus pofitus, shifted toward shore and toward bottom with increasing larval size. Only two taxa showed statistically significant day-night pattern changes; both were lower in the water column during the day. The shallow waters of the southern California coast may represent a nursery area comparable in importance to the estuarine nurseries of the Atlantic coast of North America. Mar. Ecol. Consultants, 531 Encini- tas Blvd., Suite 110, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA.

85:6578 Bodeanu, Nicolae, 1984. [Changes in phytoplankton

communities of the Romaniun Black Sea due to anthropogeulc influences.] Tray. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 26:69-83. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. roman de cercetari mar., Bd. Lenin 300, 8700 Constanta, Romania.

85:6579 Bologa, A.I.S. and P.T. Frangopol, 1979. The use of

14C method by liquid scintillation counting for estimating planktonic primary productivity off the Romuniun Black Sea coast. Cercet~ri mar., 12:81-86. Romanian Mar. Res. Inst., Constanta, Romania.

85:6580 Cachon, J. and M. Cachon, 1984. Adaptative evo-

lution of protists to planktouie life. Annls Inst. oc~anogr., Paris, 60(2): 105-I 14.

In order to float, a protlst must compensa[v: ih~= apparent overweight of most phytoplankton rep- resentatives by biological means, using morphoh~g- ical or physiological mechanisms. Morphological adaptations include the formation of spin3 a~'q,'ev~- dices, flattening of the body, formatitm parachute-like shape, and the aggregating of coh,nial organisms. Mechanisms concerned with motilib are considered: adaptations are related to physiology Some features (cell turgidity, regulating the ~mic composition of the cell sap, fat accumulation, gas production and nutritional adaptations) appear t,~ be effective means of modifying suspension, lab . de Prot is tol mar.. F06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer. France.

85:6581 Emlet, R.B., R.R. Strathman (comment) and J.R.

Strickler (reply), 1985. Gravity, drag, and feeding currents of small zooplankton. Science, 228(4702): 1016-1017~

In response to a paper by Strickler (Science 218:i58), Emlet and Strathman suggest a testable hypothesis, namely that retarding forces (including gravity or drag) could enhance feeding by small planktonic organisms. Their analysis suggests that negative buoyancy or drag could increase fluid motion near food collecting or sensory structures of many small zooplankton. Furthermore, they feel that for many zooplankton, there may be trade-offs between effective feeding and effective locomotion since zooplankters must swim to keep from sinking and more drag would increase energy expenditures. Strikler replies, pointing out the consonance of some of his ideas with theirs, but cautions about size considerations and recognition of different life- history strategies and body plans. Friday Harbor Lab., Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA. (jst)

85:6682 Fryxell, G.A., R.W. Gould Jr., E.R. Balmori and

E.C. Theriot, 1985. Gulf Stream warm core rings: phytoplankton in two fall rings of different ages. J. Plankt. Res., 7(3):33%364.

Although the rings have different histories, their phytoplankton assemblages share some characteristics. The younger (new) ring had lower diversity, fewer shelf species, and greater consistency between stations, except for a high level of Oscillatoria in the meander before the ring pinched off. Interaction with Slope Water was seen principally at the ring margin. The older (3 mos.) ring showed a great deal of structure, and immediate dilutions with Slope Water and the Gulf Stream were apparent, with higher diversity before and a week after such interactions. The upper water column of warm core

OLR (1985) 32 (1 I) E. Biological Oceanography 953

rings, although showing evidence of physical mixing, can exhibit stratification of species, even after a storm. Dept. of Oceanogr., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843, USA.

85:6583 Gawler, M.D. and A.J. Home, 1985. Photosynthe-

sis/light relations in the shoals of San Francisco Bay. Proc. int. Ass. theor, appl. Limnol. (Verh. int. Verein. theor, angew.), 22(4):2183-2189.

An apparent lack of eutrophication in the shallow waters of San Francisco Bay, despite major nutrient inputs, prompted this study to determine the extent of photoinhibition of phytoplankton production. Photoinhibition occurred in the upper 0.5 m of the 4 m euphotic zone, but resulted in a photosynthetic depth integral decrease of less than 5%, suggesting a minor role in primary production limitation. Inst. de Limnol., F-74203 Thonon-les-Bains, France. (gsb)

85:6584 Herbland, Alain, 1984. Phosphate uptake in the

euphotic layer of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Methodological observations and ecological significance. Ocdanographie trop., ORSTOM, 19(1):25-40.

Phosphate uptake by plankton was measured in-situ and compared with t4C-CO2 assimilation during the 'cold' season characterized by equatorial upwelling and 'warm' season when a warm oligotrophic mixed layer was present. Phosphate uptake rates appeared highest in the chlorophyll maximum layer (0-30 m) during upwelling and in the oligotrophic mixed layer during the warm season; however, lack of precision in measuring low values made accurate determi- nations difficult. The assimilation ratio AC/AP, turnover rate AP/PO4, particulate phosphorus and zooplankton regeneration were determined. Advan- tages and limitations of the methods were discussed. Centre ORSTOM, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal. (msg)

85:6585 Heron, A.C. and E.E. Benham, 1985. Life history

parameters as indicators of growth rate in three suip populations. J. Plankt. Res., 7(3):365-379. CSIRO Mar. Lab., GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.

85:6586 Hill, S.H., M.R. Abbott and K.L. Denman, 1985. A

computer-controlled turbidostat for the culture of planktonic algae. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 42(4):744-753.

A turbidostat that maintains phytoplankton cells at nearly contant biomass concentrations without

nutrient limitation of growth rates was developed. The sensor responds nearly linearly over a wide range of cell densities, extending well into high pigment concentrations (approx. 20 mg Chl a/m3). The microprocessor-based controller eliminates time-consuming and delicate set-up and modification of operational variables and provides for simple implementation of virtually any logical feedback algorithm to control cell concentration. Growth rates measured are equivalent to corresponding measurements in a batch culture growing under identical conditions, until the populations develop differing physiological and physical properties due to their different environments. Dept. of Oceanogr., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T IW5, Canada.

85:6587 Hulburt, E.M., 1985. Use of logical equivalence in

modeling ecological relations of oceanic phytoplankton. Ecol. Model., 27(1-2):25-43.

The paper offers two intertwined discussions. Firstly, there is an analysis of compound statements as models, especially when using the logical equivalents for the components of such compound statements. Secondly, the paper includes observational analyses which are used to support or confirm logical equivalents and models from compound statements about reality. The author suggests that 'logic models teach us to stick to observation' and he emphasizes the use of the indicative instead of words like 'would' or 'should'. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. 0st)

85:6588 Kuparinen, Jorma, 1985. Comparison of the oxygen

and 14C methods to measure phytoplankton production rates: evaluation of the photosynthetic quotient. Proc. int. Ass. theor, appl. Limnol. (Verh. int. Verein. theor, angew.), 22(4):2208-2213.

Oxygen and C-14 methods were used to estimate gross and apparent net phytoplankton production at a brackish water site (SW Finland) to assess their applicability to ecosystem carbon budget calculations. A significant correlation existed for the two techniques, but unexplained seasonal fluctuations in the photosynthetic quotient (PQ) occurred. The data suggest that C-14 production underestimation may result from high PQ values, possibly representing bacterial respiration of phytoplankton exudates. Tvarminne Zool. Sta., SF-10850 Tvarminne, Fin- land. (gsb)

85:6589 Marasovi6, Ivona, 1983. Records of new phytoplank-

ton species in the Adriatic. Bilj. Inst. Oceanogr.

+J:,4 ! Ri , ; Iog ica[ ( )ceam~graph ' , ~1 R ~ ! ~ ; ~ ~z

Ribarst., 52:6pp. Inst. of Oceanogr. and Fish.. Split, Yugoslavia.

85:6590 Miracle, M.R. and Eduardo Vicente, 1985. Phyto-

plankton and photosynthetic sulphur bacteria production in the meromictic coastal lagoon of Cullera (Valencia, Spain). Proc. int. Ass. theor. appl. Limnol. (Verh. int. Verein. theor, angew.), 22(4):2214-2220.

At the time of this study, the littoral lagoon was sharply stratified due to a salt water wedge under- neath the flowing freshwater. These special conditions originate a steep chemocline, defined as an interface between oxygen and sulphide, where an important population of phototrophic sulphur bacteria develops. Results of seasonal and daily measurements corroborate the striking paradox of dense bacterial populations with low production rates. Dept. of Ecol., Univ. de Valencia, Burjasot (Valen- cia), Spain.

85:6591 Mukai, Tetsuo and Kazuto Takimoto, 1985. Effects

of environmental gradients concerning water qualities on the structure of the phytoplankton commlmity in the coastal [Seto Inland] sea. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 20(2):169-181.

Phytoplankton community structure was highly variable across in-situ environmental gradients caused by the mixing of coastal with oceanic waters. Effects were reflected in community structure rather than in biomass changes. Quantitative studies are difficult due to the variability of the gradients themselves. Inst. of Environ. Chem., Hiroshima Univ., Shitami, Saijo-cho, Higashihiroshima-shi, 724 Japan. (sir)

85:6592 Nakata, N., 1982. Diurnal variation in volume and

number of zooplankton in Sagami Bay [Japan]. Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Fish. expl Sta., 4:63-72. (In Japanese.)

85:6593 Persson, P.-E., 1985. Phytoplankton dynamics in a

hypertrophic brackish-water bay. Proc. int. Ass. theor, appL Limnol. (Verb. int. Verein. theor. angew.), 22(4):2203-2207. Univ. of Helsinki, Dept. of Limnol., Viikki, SF-00710 Helsinki 71, Finland.

85:6594 Porumb, Florica, 1980. [Changes in zooplankton

populations in nerltic waters of the Romaninn Black Sea.] CercettJri mar., 13:103-123. (In

French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumam d, Rech. Mar.. Constanta, Romania.

85:6595 Probyn, "ILA., 1985. Nitrogen uptake by size-frac-

tionated phytoplankton populations in the southern Bengnela Upwelling system. ,Mar. EcoL-Proe+ Set., 22(3):249-258.

Picoplankton and nanoplankton chlorophyll a accounted for 249% and 13-99% respectively, of community chlorophyll a. Picoplankton were relatively more active in oceanic waters. Turnover rates of particulate N in the ~ l /tm size class were faster in oceanic than shelf or inshore waters. Relative preference indices showed a consistent preference for ammonium, to a lesser extent for urea, compared to nitrate by all 3 size classes; nevertheless, nitrate was quantitatively the most important N source (71%) for the community. Results are discussed with reference to the effect of qualitative and quantitative aspects of nitrogen availability on phytoplankton community structure. Mar. Biol. Res. Inst., Univ~ of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, Cape Town. South Africa.

85:6596 Simenstad, C.A. and J.R. Cordell, 1985. Structural

dynamics of epibenthic zooplankton in the Co- lumbia River delta. Proc. int. Ass. theor, appl. Limnol. (Verh. int. Verein. theor, angew.), 22(4): 2173-2182.

In the delta's detritus-based food webs, these organisms were shown to be spatially and seasonally structured by circulation, salinity intrusion, and null zone processes. Manipulation of river discharge and delta bathymetry has probably significantly changed their ecological role over the last half century. Fish. Res. Inst., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. (mwf)

85:6597 Smith, R.E.H., W.G. Harrison and L. Harris, 1985.

Phosphorus exchRoe in marine microplankton communities near Hawaii. Mar. Biol., 86(1):75- 84.

Tracer exchange kinetics were consistent with the view that microplankton produced and assimilated dissolved orthophosphate and other compounds at roughly equal rates. Material other than orthophosphate could sometimes dominate the soluble molybdate-reactive pool. Where phosphorus exchange was most rapid, tracer kinetics suggested that some fraction of the plankton was disproportion- ately responsible for dissolved phosphorus exchange. Dissolved compounds other than orthophosphate


were rapidly cycled and formed an important substrate for plankton growth. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A3, Canada.

85:6598 Tett, P., S.I. Heaney and M.R. Droop, 1985. The

Redfleid ratio and phytoplankton growth rate. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 65(2):487-504.

One hypothesis about phytoplankton growth is that 'the chemical composition of phytoplankton is extremely variable under exacting laboratory conditions of nutrient limitation and approaches the 'Redfield' proportions (C:N:P of 106:16:1) when neither N nor P is limiting so that near maximal growth rates are attained' (Goldman, 1980). The authors argue against this hypothesis on theoretical, experimental, and observational grounds. The paper contains data from an experiment with a continuous culture of the haptophyte Pavlova lutheri, but also has observational information on natural phytoplankton populations (the freshwater blue-green Oscillatoria bourrel!yi and a marine diatom bloom dominated by Skeletonema costatum). Results dem- onstrate that light-limited phytoplankton can grow relatively slowly with particulate compositions close to the Redfield ratio. Scottish Mar. Biol. Assoc., Dunstaffnage Mar. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 3, Oban, Argyll PA34 4AD, UK. (jst)

85:6599 Varol, O., 1985. Distribution of calcareous nanno-

plankton In surface sediments from Intertidal and shallow marine regimes of a marginal sea: Jason Bay, South China Sea. Mar. Micropaleont., 9(4):369-374. Robertson Res. Singapore, 55 Ayer Rajah Crescent 06-16, Singapore 0513.

85:6600 Yokouchi, Katsumi, 1984. Surface distribution of

polychaete larvae In Volcano Bay, Southern Hokkaldo [Japan], during the vernal phytoplankton blooms of 1982. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 31(2):113-122.

Larvae belonging to Oweniidae, Magelonidae, and Capitellidae dominated among 10 families identified; most were considered to be planktotrophic. As transitional winter water was replaced by Oyashio water in early March, phytoplankton blooms started inshore and then spread. The occurrence of each dominant group coincided with phytoplankton blooms, suggesting that the polychaete larvae utilize phytoplankton as their main food during this time. Fac. of Fish., Hokkaido Univ., Hakodate, Hokkaido 041, Japan.

El00. Nekton (communities; also fish, rep- tiles, mammals)

85:6601 Barnes, L.G., 1985. Evolution, taxonomy and anti-

tropical distributions of the porpoises (Phocoeni- dee, Mammalia). Mar. mamm. Sci., 1(2): 149-165. Nat. Hist. Mus. of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.

85:6602 Berkson, J.M. and D.P. DeMaster, 1985. Use of pup

counts in indexing population changes In pin- nipeds. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci, 42(5):873-879. NMFS, SWFC, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA 92038, USA.

85:6603 Clarke, M.R. and P.L. Pascoe, 1985. The influence of

an electric fight on the capture of deep-sea animals by a midwater trawl. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 65(2):373-393. Mar. Biol. Assoc., Citadel Hill, Plymouth PLI 2PB, UK.

85:6604 Hauksson, Erlingur, 1984. Food of the common seal

(Pho~ v/tu//na L.) and grey seal (HMichuerus grypus fabr.) In Icelandic waters. HafrannsOalk- nir, 30:65pp. Icelandic Fish. Lab., Skulagata 4, Reykjavik, Iceland.

85:6605 Le Boeuf, B.J. and Bernd W0rsig, 1985. Beyond bean

counting and whale tales. [Marine mammal behavioral science: status and prospects.] Mar. mamm. Sci., 1(2): 128-148.

Future study of marine mammal behavior will be affected by 3 developments of the past 15 years: (1) a change in the number, affiliation, and orientation of researchers, resulting in more species studied, more interactions and consequent scientific breakthroughs than in the past; (2) a shift in interpretation of how natural selection operates leading to an emphasis on different animals and question-oriented rather than descriptive research; (3) legislation making marine mammal protection and management a federal government responsibility resulting in research financed along broad lines. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Calif., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. (mwf)

85:6606 Massay, Sheyla, 1983. [Revision of 'Lista de Peces

Marines dei ~ d o r , ' (List of Marine Fish of Ecuador) by Cobo and Mnssay (1969).l Boln cient, tec., Guayaquil, 6(l):l13pp. (In Spanish, English abstract.)

~JS~ Blologica~ Oceanography ~:)] R i i'48"~ a2

85:6607 Mendez, Eustorgio and Bernardino Rodriguez, 1984.

A southern sea lion, Otm'/a flavescens (Shaw) found in Panama. Carib. J. Sci., 20(3-4): 105-108. Gorgas Memorial Lab.. AP 6991. Panama 5. Panama.

85:6608 Mobley, J.R. Jr. and L.M. Herman, 1985. Transience

of social affiliations among humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangllae) on the Hawaiian win- tering grounds. Can. J. Zool., 63(4):762-772. Herman: Dept. of Psychol., Univ. of Hawaii, 1129 Ala Moana Blvd., Honolulu, HI 96814, USA.

85:6609 Shulman, M.J., 1985. Recruitment of coral reef fishes:

effects of distribution of predators and shelter. Ecology, 66(3):1056-1066. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.

85:6610 Smith, T.G., 1985. Polar bears, Ursm maritimus, as

predators of l~iugas, De l IM~IqJ t~ lemea~ Can. Fld-Naturalist, 99(1):71-75. Arctic Biol. Sta., 555 St. Pierre Blvd., Ste Anne de Bellevue, PQ H9X 3R4, Canada.

85:6611 Smith, T.G., M.O. Hammill, D.J. Burrage and G.A.

Sleno, 1985. Distribution and abundance of belugas, Delphin~erus ieums and narwhals, Monodon monoceros, in the Canadian high Arctic. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 42(4):676-684. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Arctic Biol. Sta., 555 St. Pierre Blvd., Ste. Anne de Bellevue, PQ H9X 3R4, Canada.

85:6612 Watkins, W.A., K.E. Moore, J6hann Sigurj6nsson,

Douglas Wartzok and G.N. di Sciara, 1984. Fin whale (Bahtenoptem physMus) tracked by ra~o in the Irm|nt~r Sea. Rit FiskideiL, 8(1):1-14. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

85:6613 Whitehead, Hal and J.E. Carscadden, 1985. Pre-

dlcang hNhare whale almndance---wimles and off the Newlo~dland coast. Can. J. Fish.

aquat. Sci., 42(5):976-981. Newfoundland Inst. for Cold Ocean Sci., Memorial Univ. of New- foundland, St. John's, NF A1B 3X7, Canada.

ELI0. Bottom communities

85:6614 Commito, J.A. and P.B. Shrader, 1985. Benthic

community response to experimental additions of the polychaete Nereis virens. Mar. ~/oL~ 86(1): 101-107.

Nereis virens was added to communities where Corophium volutator was absent; its addition ',~) a 3-level interactive system (N. virens-C, volutator- other infauna) should cause a decrease in infaunal densities. Instead, infaunal densities increased sharply; their rank orders and relative proportions were the same in treatments and controls. The mechanism for this increase most consistent with the data is the reduction of an intermediate predator by N. virens. in this case, Nephtys incisa. Dept. of Biol.. Hood Coll., Frederick. MD 21701, USA. (mwf)

85:6615 Coyer, J.A., 1984. The invertebrate assemblage

associated with the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrgera, at Santa Catalina Island, California: a general description with emphasis on amphipods, copepods, mysids, and shrimps. Fishery Bull. natn. mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 82(1):55-66. Div. of Sci. and Math., Marymount Palos Verdes Coll., Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90274, USA.

85:6616 D'Antonio, Carla, 1985. Epiphytes on the [Oregonl

rocky Intertidal red alga Rhodomela lar/x (Turn- er) C. Agard~: negative effects on the host and food for herbivores? J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 86(3): 197-218.

R. larix is host for at least 17 species of sessile plants and animals. Data suggest that epiphytes decrease the growth rate of their host, increase the probability of axis breakage and decrease reproductive output. Epiphytes provide food for littorine snails and gammarid amphipods that live in the beds of the plant. Amphipods decreased epiphyte cover on R. larix in laboratory tanks, suggesting that these herbivores may have beneficial effects on the host plant. Dept. of Zool., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

85:6617 Desbruy6res, Daniel, 1984. The food web of a

hydrothermal vent ecosystem. Oceanis, 10(6):663-675. (In French, English abstract.)

On the Galapagos Ridge and the East Pacific Rise at 21 ° and 13°N, dominant primary consumers (in terms of biomass) are Riftia pachyptila, Calyptogena magnifica, A lvinella pompejana and an undescribed


mytilid. These species can utilize food produced by chemosynthetic bacteria. R. pachyptila maintains bacteria in a special organ, the trophosome; other species have simpler methods of transferring nutrients to their hosts. Recent studies revealing the presence of chemoautotrophic bacteria in invertebrates from a variety of sulfide-rich habitats suggest that their importance to primary production should be reassessed. Centre Oceanol. Bretagne, B.P. 337, 29273 Brest Cedex, France. (msg)

85:6618 Gettleson, D.A., N.W. Phillips and R.M. Hammer,

1985. Dense polychaete (Phyllochaetopterus so. cialis) mats on the South Carolina continental shelf. NE Gulf Sci., 7(2):167-170.

Dense mats of the cosmopolitan, tube-dwelling chaetopterid polychaete, Phyllochaetopterus socialis, observed off James Island, visually dominated ~80% of the length of some of the transects and were most common in low-relief areas. A two-year study has not yet revealed any general pattern for their distribution and abundance. Continental Shelf Assoc., Inc., P.O. Box 3609, Tequesta, FL 33458, USA. (ahm)

85:6619 Khripounoff, Alexis, 1984. The energy budget in the

deep-sea ecosystem [Atlantic Ocean]. Oceanis, 10(6):641-661. (In French, English abstract.)

Sediment trap measurements yielded organic C fluxes ranging 0.87-15.9 mg C m -2 d -1 in the Atlantic, mostly consisting of large particles (planktonic tests, zooplankton fecal pellets). Oxygen consumption (measured in-situ) by near bottom fauna and infauna averaged 18 Kcal m -2 d -]. Sediment accumulation of organic C was 0.1 mg C m -2 d -~. Centre Oceanol. de Bretagne, B.P. 337, 29273 Brest Cedex, France. (msg)

85:6620 Kremer, B.P., 1985. [Rockpools of the intertidal

zone.] Natur Mus., Frankf., 115(4):110-119. (In German.) Univ. Koln, Inst. fur Natur. und ihre Didaktik, Abt. f. Biol., Gronewaldstr. 2,D-5000 Koln 41, FRG.

85:6621 Laubier, Lucien, 1984. Discovery and study of the

deep-sea ecosystem: from zoology to ecology and physiology. Oceanis, 10(6):595-604. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Phys. des etres mar., Inst. Oceanogr., 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005 Paris, France.

85:6622 Lavoie, D.R., 1985. Population dynamics and ecology

of beach wrack macroinvertebrates of the central California coast. Bull. south. Calif. Acad. Sci., 84(1): 1-22.

The successional cycle of macroinvertebrates colo- nizing high intertidal clumps of decaying stranded kelp was examined on a central California high energy beach. Mean density and number of different species fluctuated in regular and complementary patterns. Dipterans and amphipods were initial colonizers, succeeded largely by Coleoptera. Tem- poral changes in faunal populations are attributed to physical and biological factors degrading the wrack and reducing its potential as a resource. Beach wrack is a major nutrient source and substrate shelter for a majority of indigenous beach fauna. Dept. of Sci. Ed., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.

85:6623 Lewin, R.A., Lanna Cheng and R.S. Alberte, 1983.

Prochloton-ascidian symbioses: photosynthetic potential and productivity. Micronesica, 19(1- 2):165-170.

Prochloron sp. from waters around Palau, Western Caroline Islands, contain as much chlorophyll per unit dry weight as many herbaceous crop plants and more than other symbiotic associations. Chlorophyll a/b ratios were generally much higher than those of angiosperms. Where they abound, Prochloron-ascidian symbioses could make a major contribution to productivity, especially in localized areas of tropical marine waters characterized by low nutrient levels and high irradiance. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

85:6624 Lewis, S.M. and P.C. Wainwright, 1985. Herbivore

abundance and grazing intensity on a Caribbean coral reef. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 87(3):215-228.

The distribution and relative abundances of her- bivorous fish and sea urchins across several habitats were studied on the Belize barrier reef. Marked variation in total herbivore density as well as major changes in the composition of the herbivore guild were found across reef habitats. Significant differences among habitats in an experimental assay of grazing intensity were strongly correlated with herbivore abundance. Spatial distribution of her- bivorous fish does not appear to be simply explained by differences in reef topography, but may depend on complex interactions among shelter proximity, predator abundance, competitor density, and local

9 5 8 i , B i o l o g i c a l O c e a n o g r a p h ' ~ ¢ }! .R * i ~ a " , '

availability of food resources. Aiken Computation Lab., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

85:6625 Murphy, P.M. and C.E. Carter, 1984. A summer

survey of the littoral maeroinvertebrate fauna (excluding the Chironomidae) of Lough Neagh, N. Ireland. Proc. R. Ir. A cad., 84B(9): 103-108. Limnol. Lab., Univ. of Ulster, Coleraine. N. Ireland.

85:6626 Paine, R.T., J.C. Castillo and Juan Cancino, 1985.

Perturbation and recovery patterns of starfish- dominated intertidal assemblages in Chile, New Zealand, and Washington State. Am. Naturalist, 125(5):679-691.

The authors examine the definition of ecological stability focusing on some forces which alter community composition and evaluating whether or not alternative stable states could exist. Removal of starfish from 3 intertidal communities generally resulted in an increase in the area occupied by mussels. Starfish removal from small portions (less than 63 m 2) of certain communities did not yield stable assemblages. Different patterns of recovery were observed when starfish were reintroduced: convergence toward the undisturbed control or a continued dominance of mussels too large to be eaten by starfish. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Wash- ington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. (jst)

85:6627 Shick, J.M. and J.A. Dykens, 1985. Oxygen detox-

ification in algal-invertebrate symbioses from the Great Barrier Reef. Oecologia, 66(1):33-41.

Examination of 34 species of symbiotic invertebrates in four phyla has confirmed the generality of a direct relationship between chlorophyll concentration and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, two enzymes involved in the detoxification of active oxygen. Activities of these enzymes also depend on the location of the algal symbionts and hence on the extent to which photosynthetic 02 actually contacts animal cytoplasm, and on the solar irradiance experienced by the symbionts. Differences in SOD activity among organs of Tridacna crocea are not fully explained by local 02 levels but are further related to organ-specific rates of 02 consumption. This result is discussed in terms of known mechanisms of superoxide radical production in mito- chondria and differences in O 2 utilization concentrations among various organs in bivalve molluscs. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.

85:6628 Shimozato, T., A. Haraguchi, H. Tsuchiya K.

Yazawa and T. Numata, 1980. Sediment and benthic community in Odawa Bay IJapanl. Bull, Kanagawa Pref. Fish. expl Sta., 2:1126 .~ln Japanese.)

85:6629 Smith, C.R., 1985. Food for the deep sea: utilization,

dispersal, and flux of nekton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor. Deep-Sea Res., 32(4A):417- 442.

Parcels of dead fish (1 to 40 kg) placed at 1310 m were consumed within hours to days. Feeding directly on carrion, the ophiuroid Ophiophthalmus normani attained densities of 700/m 2. Six other megafaunal species were scavengers; 3 species seemed to be drawn to high concentrations of ophiuroid prey. Perhaps 11% of benthic community respiratory requirements could be met by nekton carcasses although very little energy apparently reached the infauna. Sch. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. (mwf)

85:6630 Vasiliu, Florian, 1980. [The production of Enteromor-

pha from the Romaninn Black Sea coast.] Cer- cet~ri mar., 13:147-161. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumain de Rech. Mar., Con- stanta, Romania.

85:6631 Whitlatch, R.B. and R.N. Zajac, 1985. Biotic

interactions among estuarine infaunal opportunistic species. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 21(3):299- 311.

The hypothesis that patterns of single species dominance and changes in the composition of opportunists among benthic fauna could result from interactions among settled species and opportunists recruiting into disturbed areas is examined. Three successional models were assessed--facilitation, colonists facilitate opportunities for their successors: tolerance, early colonists have little effect on recruitment; inhibition, early colonists resist inva- sion by other opportunists. Defaunated sediments were repopulated with opportunistic polychaetes (adults of Streblospio benedicti, Polydora ligni, Hobso- nia florida), added at two densities. There does not appear to be a characteristic type of biotic interaction which influences soft-bottom successional dynamics. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Conn., Avery Point, Groton, CT 06340, USA. (jst)

OLR (1985) 32 (I 1) E. Biological Oceanography 959

El20. Estuarine, marsh and mangrove communities

85:6632 Bertness, M.D., 1985. Fiddler crab regulation of

Spm.tina alternlllora production on a New Eng- land salt marsh. Ecology, 66(3):1042-1055.

The author tests the hypothesis that burrowing activity of the fiddler crab, Uca pugnax, facilitates the growth of the cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. This work describes manipulative field experiments in both short- and tall-form S. alterniflora. The effects of burrowing activity on cordgrass productivity, sediment oxygenation, soil drainage, below ground decomposition rates, and rhizospheres are discussed. It appears that fiddler crabs differentially affect production of S. alterniflora in low, intermediate, and high intertidal zones. Sec. of Pop. Biol. Genetics, Brown Univ., Providence, RI 02912, USA. (js0

85:6633 Gordon, D.C. Jr., P.J. Cranford and Con Desplan-

que, 1985. Observations on the ecological importance of salt marshes in the Onmherl~d Basin, a macrotidal estuary in the Bay of Fundy. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, 20(2):205-227. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

85:6634 Hardwick-Witman, M.N., 1985. Biological conse-

quences of ice rafting in a New England salt marsh community. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 87(3):283-298.

Ice rafting erodes salt marsh peat in one area and deposits it in another, bringing about complex community interactions. For example, the mussel Geukensia demissa can be killed directly by crushing ice or indirectly when the alga Fucus vesiculosus is ripped up by ice. Dislodged Fucus, however, can propagate detached ecads, and mussels ice-rafted to the low intertidal can grow faster than the high intertidal population. Jackson Estuarine Lab., Adams's Point, Durham, NH 03824, USA. (mwf)

85:6636 Hodda, M. and W.L. Nicholas, 1985. Meiofanna

associated with mangroves in the Hunter River Estuary and Fullerton Cove, southeastern Aus- tralia. Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 36(1):41-50. Dept. of Zool., Australian Natl. Univ., GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

85:6637 Kirkman, H., 1985. Community structure in sea-

grasses in southern Western Australia. Aquat. Bot, 21(4):363-375. CSIRO Mar. Lab., P.O. Box 20, North Beach, WA 6020, Australia.

85:6638 Richter, W., 1985. Distribution of the soft--bottom

macroinfauna in an estuary of southern Chile. Mar. Biol., 86(1):93-100.

A total of 16,775 animals was collected (40 taxa), with Oligochaeta, Polychaeta and Ostracoda representing 83% of the individuals. Most of the biomass was attributed to Bivalvia (43.7%) and Polychaeta (33.6%). Besides substrate properties, salinity and turbulence also played an important role in the distribution of organisms in the Rio Lingue Estuary. Inst. fur Meeresfors., Am Handelshafen 12, D-2850 Bremerhaven 1, FRG.

85:6639 Tiganus, Victoria, 1984. [Invertebrate fauna asso-

ciated with maerophytes on the Libyan coast of the Mediterranean.] Tray. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 26:61-68. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. roman de cercetari mar., B-dul Lenin 300, 8700 Constanta, Romania.

El30. Fouling and boring organisms (communities and control)

85:6640 Petran, Adriana, 1980. [Meropiankton eoncentrntion

in Constanta Harbor, Romania and its influence on biofouling.] Cerceti~ri mar., 13:125-131. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumain de Rech. Mar., Constanta, Romania.

85:6635 Heijs, P.M.L., 1985. The seasonal distribution and

community structure of the epiphytic algae on bempr/cb// (Ehrenb.) Aschers. from

Papua New Guinea. Aquat. Bot., 21(4):295-324. Lab. of Aquat. Ecol., Catholic Univ., Toer- nooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands.

El40. Birds

85:6641 Abrams, R.W., 1985. Pelagic seabird community

structure in the southern Bungueia region: changes in response to man's activities? Biol. Conserv~ 32(1):33-49. FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. of

Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700. Rep. c,~ >,.~,'ti~ Africa.

85:6642 Harris, M.P., 1985. Morphology and breeding of

puffins at Isle of May and St. Kilda, Scotland. Biol. Conserv., 32(1):81-97. Inst. of Terrestrial Ecol., Banchory, Kincardineshire, AB3 4BY. UK.

El50. Microbiology (communities, processes; also bacter ia , fungi, yeasts, viruses. etc.)

85:6643 Barlow, R.G. and R.S. Alberte, 1985. Photosynthetic

characteristics of phycoerythrin-containing marine Synechococcus spp. I. Responses to growth photon flux density. Mar. Biol., 86(1):63-74.

Two clones of this small (0.5-1.5 ~tm), open-ocean coccoid cyanobacteria increased the number of photosynthetic units per cell and decreased photosynthetic unit size, thereby optimizing growth and photosynthesis, at low light intensities. Growth and maximum photosynthesis rates were significantly inversely correlated with phycoerythrin fluorescence for both clones, suggesting the possibility of using remote sensing of phycoerythrin fluorescence to assess the physiological state of natural assemblages. Dept. of Cell Biol., Univ. of Chicago, 5630 S. Ingleside Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA. (mwf)

85:6644 Belkin, Shimshon and H.W. Jannasch, t985. A new

extremely thermophilic, sulfur-reducing heterotrophic, marine bacterium. A rchs Microbiol., 141(3): 181-186.

An extremely thermophilic (optimum growth at 88°C), anaerobic bacterium isolated from a shallow submarine thermal spring appears to be an obligate heterotroph, capable of reducing sulfur to H2S. Oxygen sensitivity is apparent only at and above those temperatures where growth occurs; cultures retain viability for. long periods under air at 4°C. Insensitivity to chloramphenicol, vancomycin and streptomycin, and lack of muramic acid in its cell wall, indicate a possible affiliation to the ther- moacidophilic archaebacteria. However, its neutro- philic and heterotrophic nature, as well as its DNA base composition, set it apart from the known genera of this group. Jannasch: WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

85:6045 l)elille, Daniel, 1985. Influence of temperature ~m

Antarctic and subantarctic bacterial microfhwa. Oceam~. 11tl):27-43 ;1~ Frt.'!~h Engli~t~ stracl.!

Antarctic microflora are quantitatively as ~it:l~ ~, temperate microflora; most of the known bacterial genera are present, and none of the dominant group,,: involved in the biological C. N. and S cycles are absent. Most of the bacteria are active and ca~ grow at temperatures close to 0°C; hence, the,, :u-e psychrophilic m the general sense of the word. although higher temperatures are much mote }'a vourable to them. Lab. Arago, 66650 Banwds- sur-mer, France.

85:6646 DeLong, E.F. and A.A. Yayanos, 1985. Adaptation

of the membrane iipids of a deep-sea bacterium to changes in hydrostatic pressure. Science, 228(4703):1101-1103. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr. La Jolla. CA 92093, USA.

85:6647 Ducklow, H.W., S.M. Hill and W.D. Gardner, 1985.

Bacterial growth and the decomposition of particulate organic carbon collected in sediment traps [Middle Atlantic Bight]. Continent. Shelf Res. 4(4) :445-464.

The turnover time of organic particles collected in traps during long deployments is slow (mean 1500_+300 days), if only bacterial activity is considered. However the abundance and biomass of bacteria in traps is very high; 15-88% of the particles in traps were colonized by bacteria. In spite of slow growth, bacteria appeared to be physiologically active. Even relatively old ( ~ 1 y) POC in sediment traps supports high levels of active bacterial biomass, but POC decomposition is slow, so that bacteria may not be the principal agents of POC turnover following collection. Horn Point Environ. Lab.. Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA.

85:6648 Findlay, R.H., P.C. Pollard, D.J.W. Moriarty and

D.C. White, 1985. Quantitative determination of microbial activity and community nutritional status in estuarine sediments: evidence for a disturbance artifact. Can. J. Microbio/., 31(5):493-498.

In estuarine sediments with a high degree of vertical heterogeneity in reduced substrate and terminal electron acceptor concentrations, the method of exposure of the microbiota to labeled substrates can introduce a 'disturbance artifact' into measures of


metabolic activity. The detection of this artifact is based on a quantitative measurement of the relative rates of incorporation of [~4C]acetate into phospho- lipid fatty acids (PLFA) and endogenous storage lipid, poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Raking increased PLFA synthesis with little effect on PHA synthesis. Bioturbation induced by sand dollar feeding in estuarine sediment could be detected in an increased PLFA/PHA ratio. Addition of labeled precursors to sediment by slurry or pore-water replacement induces greater disturbance artifacts than injection techniques. White: Center for Bio- med. and Toxicol. Res., Florida State Univ., Tal- lahassee, FL 32306, USA.

85:6649 Hamel, K.S. and A.L. Huber, 1985. Relationship of

cellular phosphorus in the cyanobucterium Nodu- iar/a to phosphorus availability in the Peel- Harvey Estuarine System [W. Australia]. Hydro- biologia, 124(1):5%63.

The 'critical concentration' of P was determined for the N-fixing cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena which blooms in the spring and early summer in the Peel-Harvey Estuarine System. Cellular P concentrations were determined over 3 bloom periods. These concentrations were used to assess to what extent P was limiting growth and proved to be useful indicators of the increasing eutrophication of this estuary. Sch. of Agric., Univ. of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.

85:6650 Hanson, R.B. and H.K. Lowery, 1985. Spatial

distribution, structure, biomuss, and physiology of microbial assemblages across the Southern Ocean frontal zones during the late austral winter. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 49(5): 1029-1039.

Microbial ATP biomass was greatest in euphotic surface waters. Horizontal distributions of microbial biomass and physiological state coincided with internal currents (fronts) of the Antarctic Circum- polar Current. In the Drake Passage, biological scales in the euphotic and aphotic zones were complex and compressed due to the extension of sea ice and constriction of the Circumpolar Current; physiological state and biomass were much higher than in the eastern South Pacific. Temperature, not dissolved organic carbon, was the major variable controlling picoplankton growth. Results demon- strate the influence of large-scale hydrographic processes. Skidaway Inst. of Oceanogr., Savannah, GA 31416, USA.

85:6651 Hidaka, Tomio, 1984. Seasonal changes in the

distribution of beterotrophic bacteria in gago- sh im Bay IJapanl. Mem. Fae. Fish. Kagoshima Univ., 33(1):85-96. (In Japanese, English abstract.) Lab. of Microbiol., Fac. of Fish., Ka- goshima Univ., Kagoshima, Japan.

85:6652 Hidaka, Tomio and Seiichiro Shimazu, 1984. Sea-

sonal changes in the generic composition of heterotrophic bacteria in seawater of Kagoshima Bay [Japan]. Mem. Fac. Fish. Kagoshima Univ., 33(1):97-105. (In Japanese, English abstract.) Lab. of Microbiol., Fac. of Fish., Kagoshima Univ., Kagoshima, Japan.

85:6653 Huber, A.L. and K.S. Hamel, 1985. Pbusphatase

activities in relation to phosphorus nutrition in Nodularla spumigena (Cyanobacteriaceae). 1. Field studies. Hydrobiologia, 123(2): 145-152. Sch. of Agric., Univ. of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.

85:6654 Mitchell, P., H.C. Yen and P.F. Mathemeier, 1985.

Properties of lactate dehydrogenase in a psychrophilic marine bacterium. Appl. environ. Microbiol~ 49(5):1332-1334. Mathemeier: Dept. of Microbiol., Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.

85:6655 Mujdaba-Apas, Mukadder, 1980. [Mycoplankton of

the lower Danube and coastal waters off Roma- niL] Cercet~ri mar., 13:63-75. (In French, Eng- lish abstract.) Inst. Roumain de Rech. Mar., Constanta, Romania.

85:6666 Mujdaba-Apas, Mukadder, 1980.~[Fungus populations

from Romanlan beaches and shallow waters of the Black Sea.I Cercetdtri mar, 13:77-89. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumain de Rech. Mar., Constanta, Romania.

85:6657 Servais, Pierre, Gilles Billen and J.V. Rego, 1985.

Rate of bacterial mortality in aquatic environments. Appl. environ. Mierobiol., 49(6): 1448-1454.

A minimum estimate of the rate of bacterial mortality in growing populations is given by the rate of decrease of radioactivity from the DNA of a [3H]thymidine-labeled natural assemblage of bacteria after all added thymidine has been exhausted

'm ' Bioiogma[ Oceanograph~ ! )i R ( It}8% ~, :

from the medium. Results obtained from river water, estuarine water, and seawater show overall bacterial mortality rates in the range 0.010 to 0.030 h ~, in good agreement with the range of growth rates measured. The contribution of microzooplankton grazing to overall bacterial mortality ranged from 0 to 0.02 h ~. Billen: Lab. d'Oceanogr., {niv, of Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

E220. Invertebrates (except E230-Crusta- cea, E240-Protozoa)

85:6658 Auernheimer, Carlos, Fernando Llavador and J.A.

Pina, 1984. Chemical minority elements in bivalve shells: a natural model (Mar Menor, Spain). Archs Sci. C.r. Sbanc. Soc. Phys. Hisl. nat. Gen~ve, 37(3):317-331.

Shells of Cerastoderma edule glaucum and Venerupis aurea have been analyzed for Fe, Zn and Mn, showing significant differences between those that live in the contaminated southern zone and those from the relatively cleaner northern waters. Abun- dance or scarcity of minor elements in shells of these bivalves is determined inorganically; physiology of the organism does not play a decisive role. Dept. de Geol., Univ. de Alicante, Spain.

85:6659 Bedford, A.P. and P.G. Moore, 1985. Macrofaunal

involvement in the sublittorai decay of kelp debris: the polycheete Platymereis dmnerilii (Audouin and Mllne-Edwards) (Anndida: Poly- chaeta). Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 20(2):117-134.

Platynereis dumerifii's role in weed decomposition has been examined by comparing its responses to fresh and rotting weed. Worms grew significantly on either diet; animals feeding on fresh weed, however, grew significantly faster than those feeding on rotting weeds. Organic carbon absorption efficiencies did not differ significantly between the two groups, neither did gut retention times nor rates of faecal output. Given a choice, Platynereis chooses to build its tube, and to feed, on fresh kelp. Platynereis is an example of a detritivore which exploits the detrital substratum directly. Moore: Univ. Mar. Biol. Sta., Millport, Isle of Cumbrae KA28 0EG, Scot- land.

85:6660 Gomoiu, M.-T. and Mioara Usurelu, 1979. [Some

information on nutrition in bivalves from the Black Sea.] Cereetdri mar., 12:!57-173. (In

French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumam de Rech. Mar., Constanta, Romania.

85:6661 Hughes, T.P. and J.B.C. Jackson, 1985. Population

dynamics and life histories of foliaceons corals. Ecol. Monogr., 55(2):141-166.

Annual photographic censuses were used to study the population dynamics of five foliaceous corals (Agaricia agaricites forma purpurea, A. lamarcki, Leptoseris cucullala, Montastrea anmdaris, Porites asteroides). Number and sizes of colonies, factors influencing population size and growth of individual colonies were determined. Demographic differences in corals that were originally the same size were discussed. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. (jst)

85:6662 lntes, Andr6 and Pierre Le Loeuff, 1984. Polychaeta

of Ivory Coast. III. Faunistic/climatic relationship, regional units in the Gulf of Guinea. Ocbanographie trop,, ORSTOM, 19(1):3-24. (In French, English abstract.) Centre ORSTOM, BP 529, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.

85:6663 Karlson, R.H., 1985. Competitive overgrowth inter-

actions among sessile colonial invertebrates: a comparison of stochastic and phenotypic variation. Ecol. Model., 27(3-4):299-312.

A probabilistic model, previously used to simulate processes most likely to affect the abundance patterns of sessile colonial organisms involves a 2-D array representing a hard substratum on which organisms may acquire space by three means ....... recruitment, growth into open space, or overgrowth of other species. Species may lose space by being overgrown and by mortality due to predation or disturbance. This work evaluates sources of variation in interspecific competition (two species) in terms of abundance of one competitor and of species diversity. Ecol. Prog., Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. (jst)

85:6664 Meurice, J.-C., Jean Godeaux and Chantal Breeur-

de-Ridder, 1984. Salpidae collected by the ship Andr~ Nizery in the Atlantic Ocean off the coasts of central Africa (1970-1971). Oc~anographie trop., ORSTOM, 19(1):41-55. (In French, Eng- lish abstract.) Lab. de Biol. gen., Inst. de Zool., Univ. de Liege, quai Van Beneden, 22, B-4020 Liege, Belgium.

OLR (I 985) 32 ( I 1) E. Biological Oceanography 963

85:6665 Pettibone, M.H., 1985. Additional branchiate scale-

worms (Polycheeta: Polynoidae) from Galapagos hydrothermal vent and rift-area off western Mexico at 21°N. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 98(2):447-469. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Natl. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

85:6666 Ponder, W.F., 1984. A review of the genera of the

Rissoidae (Mollusca: Mesogastropoda: Rissoa- cea). Rec. Aust. Mus., Suppl.4:1-221: Australian Mus., P.O. Box A285, Sydney South, NSW 2000, Australia.

85:6667 Rinkevich, B. and Y. Loya, 1985. lntraspecific

competition in a reef coral: effects on growth and reproduction. Oecologia, 66(1): 100-105.

Field experiments demonstrated a significant decline in the growth rate of competing S~ylophora pistillata compared to noncompeting control colonies; growth rate slowed in all of the interacting individuals, irrespective of their place in the hierarchy. The typical symmetry shape of these colonies was changed to an abnormal growth form. The number of female gonads per polyp was significantly reduced and the typical synchrony in reproduction among different branches of a given colony was changed and desynchronized, again not correlated with the hierarchy of dominance. Tel Aviv Univ., Dept. of Zool., Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

85:6668 Scarlato, O.A., Ya.I. Starobogatov, K.J. Boss (trans-

lator) and M.K. Jacobson (translator), 1985. Morphology, systematics and phylogeny of mol- Insks. General evolutionary patterns and the system of the class Bivalvia. Spec. Occ. Publ., Dept Mollusks, Harvard Univ., 5:67pp. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

85:6669 Schileyko, A.A., K.J. Boss (translator) and M.K.

Jacobson (translator), 1985. Morphology, systematics and phylogeny of mollusks. The system of the order Geophila (= Helicida) (Gastropoda, Pulomonata). Spec. Occ. Publ., Dept Mollusks, Harvard Univ., 6:45pp. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

85:6670 Shlesinger, Y. and Y. Loya, 1985. Coral community

reproductive patterns: Red Sea versus the Great Barrier Reef. Science, 228(4705):1333-1335.

In-situ and laboratory observations and histological studies yielded information on the reproductive patterns of 13 ecologically important coral species at Eilat (northern Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea). The data suggest that the major reproductive activities occurred in different seasons, different months, or within different lunar phases of the same month; the reproductive isolation observed is in marked con- trast to that at the Great Barrier Reef, where corals tend to have synchronous multispecific spawning. Dept. of Zool., Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv, Israel 69978. (jst)

85:6671 Sibuet, Myriam, 1984. Deposit-feeding invertebrates

in the deep-sea ecosystem. Selectivity in feeding and diet of holothurians. Oceanis, 10(6):623-639. (In French, English abstract.) Centre Oceanol. de Bretagne, B.P. 337, 29273 Brest Cedex, France.

85:6672 Smith, K.L. Jr., 1985. Deep-sea hydrothermal vent

mussels: nutritional state and distribution at the Galapagos Rift. Ecology, 66(3): 1067-1080.

The deep submersible Alvin was used to test the null hypothesis that the distribution of mussels (Bathy- modiolus thermophilus) within the vent community is not related to food supply and that there is homogeneity of the nutritional state of mussels within the community. Study sites were one and eight meters from the vent discharge area. Habitats were characterized with regard to physiochemicai properties of the bottom water, mussel densities, and particulate organic carbon. Oxygen consumption rates, tissue constituent analyses, and reciprocal transfer experiments showed that the nutritional state of mussels closer to the vent was higher than that of the peripheral mussels, most likely due to the nutritive supply available close to the vent. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.(jst)

85:6673 Sun, Saoyuan and Yongting Dong, 1985. Ecological

control of polyclmete distributions in the Chang- jiang Estuary [China] and adjacent waters. Con- tinent. Shelf Res., 4(1-2):215-225.

The horizontal and vertical distributions of polychaete species, biomass, and density values in the Chan~iang Estuary and adjacent waters primarily reflect variable rates of sediment input and accumulation. Three areas are noted, one with relatively low biomass and density but a high percentage of polychaetes (rapid accumulation of Changiiang sediment), a second with variable but generally high biomass and density associated with lower rates of

sediment accumulation, and a third with ver3 low biomass and density as well as low percentages of polychaetes (fine sands associated with low sediment influx). Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. Sin.. Qingdao. People's Republic of China.

85:6674 Tamm, S.L. and A.G. Moss, 1985. Unilateral ciliary

reversal and motor responses during prey capture by the ctenophore Plem'obrachia. J. expl Biol., 114:443-461. BUMP, MBL, Woods Hole. MA 02543, USA.

85:6675 Vermeij, G.J., E.A. Kay and L.G. Eldredge, 1983.

Molluscs of the northern Mariana Islands, with special reference to the selectivity of oceanic dispersal barriers. Micronesica, 19(1-2):27-55.

Shelled molluscan fauna of the northern Marianas comprises at least 300 species. Of these, 18 are unknown from or are very rare in the biologically better known southern Marianas. These northern- restricted species are over-represented among lim- pets and in the middle to high intertidal zones; at least 22 gastropods common in the southern Mari- anas are absent. The ocean barrier between the northern Marianas and the Hawaiian chain appears to select against archaeogastropods and against intertidal species but is unselective with respect to adult size and gastropod shell architecture, findings consistent with those for other dispersal barriers. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

E230. Crustacea

85:6676 Agnew, D.J. and A.C. Taylor, 1985. The effect of

oxygen tension on the physiology and distribution of Ec~nogammar~ pirloti (Sexton & Speone0 and E. ~ t u s (Dalai) (Crnstacea: Aml~ipoda). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 87(2):169-190. Dept, of Zoot., Univ, of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.

85:6677 Aladin, N.V., 1985. Salinity adaptations and osmo-

regulation abilities of the Ostrncoda from the Barents and Vc'hite seas. The evolution of osmo- regulation function in the subclass Ostraeoda. Zoologicheskii Zh., 64(3):368-376. Zool. Inst., USSR Acad. of Sci., Leningrad, USSR.

85:~78 Almeida Prado-Por, M.S. de, 1984. Two new sym-

patric species of CtenocManus [C campaneri and C. tageae] (Calanoida) from the Gulf of Elat (Aqaba). Crustaceana. SuppL (7):85-90 !a~! Oceanogr., Univ. de Sao Paulo, Brazi]

85:6679 Apostolov, Apostol, 1984. IOn the presence of

Cletocampms deitersi (Richard, 1897) (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) in Cuba.] Tray. Mus. Hist nat Gr. Antipa, 26:7-10. (In French, English abstract4 Izgrev B1. 35, Bx. P. Burgas 8008 Bulgaria~

85:6680 Babcock, A.M. and P.R. Mundy, 1985. A quanti-

tative measure of migratory timing applied to the commercial brown shrimp fishery in North Caro- lina. N. Am. J. Fish. Mgmt, 5(2A):181-196. NMFS, NWAFC, 2725 Montlake Blvd., Seattle. WA 98112, USA.

85:6681 Bacescu, Mihai, 1984. [Leviapseudes drachi sp.n., L.

s e g o m c i gasconicus ssp.n, and a key to known species of Levhlpseudes.I Tray. Mus. Hisl. nat. Gr. Antipa, 26:25-34. (In French.) Muz. de Ist. Nat. Grigore Antipa, Sos. Kiseleff I. 71243 Bucaresti, Romania.

85:6682 Bacescu, Mihai and Manuel Ortiz, 1984. Contri-

bution to the knowledge of the Mysidacea (Crustacea) of the Cuban insular shelf waters. Trav. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 26:15-23. Grigore Antipa, Nat. Hist. Mus., Bucuresti, Romania.

85:6683 Barnard, J.L. and M.M. Drummond, 1984. A new

paracalliopild, Katocalllope kutyeri gen. et sp.nov. (Crnstacea: Amphipoda) from Queensland [Aus- tralia]. Proc. R. Soc. Vict., 96(3):147-153. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

85:6684 Barnard, J.L. and G.S. Karaman, 1980. Classification

of gammarid Amphipoda. Crustaceana, Suppl. 6:5-16. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC, USA.

85:6685 Bauer, R.T., 1985. Diel and seasonal variation in

species composition and abundance of caridean shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda) from seagram


meadows on the north coast of Puerto Rico. Bull. mar. Sci., 36(1):150-162.

85:6686 Bauer, R.T., 1985. Hermit crab fauna from seagrass

meadows in Puerto Rico: species composition, diel and seasonal variation in abundance. J. crustacean Biol., 5(2):249-257.

85:6687 Bellan-Santini, Denise and J.-C. Dauvin, 1985.

Morphology and microstruetore of an enigmatic cuticolar formation from a new Ampelisca [A. remora] (Crnstacea-Amphipoda). C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris, (S6r. III)300(9):389-393. (In French, Eng- lish abstract.) Centre d'Oceanol, de Marseille, CNRS, URA, no. 41, rue Batterie-des-Lions, 13007 Marseille, France.

85:6688 Boxshall, G.A., 1984. The functional morphology of

BenthonffsophrJa pa///ata Sars, with a consider- ation of the evolution of the Misophrioida. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):32-46. Dept. of Zool., British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London SW7 5BD, UK.

85:6689 Boxshall, G.A., F.D. Ferrari and Henry Tiemann

(eds.), 1984. The ancestral copepod: towards a consensus of opinion at the First International Conference on Copepoda. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):68-84. Dept. of Zool., British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Cromwell Rd., London SW7 5BD, UK.

85:6690 Brylinski, J.M., 1984. [Growth response of some

copepods to variations in temperature and food.] Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):91-101. (In French, English abstract.) Sta. Mar., B.P 41, 62930 Wimercux, France.

85:6691 Budnikova, L.L., 1985. A new species from the family

Photidae (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from the coastal zone of the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere State Reserve (Sea of Japan). Zoologicheskii Zh., 64(3):455-458. Far East State Univ., Vladivos- tok, USSR.

85:6692 Cadman, L.R. and M.P. Weinstein, 1985. Size-

weight relationships of posteedysial juvenile blue crabs (CM//nectes sapidns Rathbun) from the Lower Chesapeake Bay. J. crustacean Biol., 5(2):306-310.

85:6693 Campaner, A.F., 1984. Some taxonomic problems

within the Arietemdue (Calanoida). Crustaceana, Suppl. (7): 102-109. Dept. de Zool., Univ. de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

85:6694 Carli, A., D. Chiapperini, T. Valente and S. Vignola,

1984. Chemical characteristics of rockpools in the Spanish Mediterranean coast and evaluation of fatty acids in populations of Tigriopns sp. (Har- pacticoida). Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):110-121. Cattedra di Planctologia, Univ. di Genova, Italy.

85:6695 Carreto, J.I. and M.O Carignan, 1984. [Carotenoid

pigments from Artemesia longinaris Bate (Crus- tacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae).] Revta Invest. Des. Pesq., 4:81-92. (In Spanish, English abstract.)

85:6696 Chojnacki, Juliusz, 1984. Quantitative occurrence of

copepoda in southern Baltic inshore waters. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):126-136. Inst. of Fish. Oceanogr. and Protection of Sea, Szczecin, Poland.

85:6697 Citarella, Georges, 1984. [Copepods of the Bay of

Sbediac, New Brunswick, Canada.] Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):137-149. (In French, English abstract.) Sta. Mar. de Tulear, B.P. 141, Univ. de Madagascar, Rep. Malgache.

85:6698 Cockcroft, A.C. and T. Wooldridge, 1985. The

effects of mass, temperature and molting on the respiration of Macropetasma Mricanns Balss (Decapoda: Penaeoidea). Comp. Biochem. Phys- iol., 81A(1):143-148. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa.

85:6699 Collie, J.S., 1985. Life history and production of three

[benthic] amphipod species on Georges Bank. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 22(3):229-238.

Ampelisca agassizi, Unicola inermis and Ericthonius fasciatus are abundant over large areas of Georges Bank. Differences in population dynamics are exemplified by the annual production-to-biomass ratios. E. fasciatus has the highest P/B ratio (4.4), followed by U. inermis (2.5) and A. agassizi (1.5). Results are compared to production estimates for other marine amphipod species and appear to be as high as those of related near-shore species. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

85:6700 Corkett, C.J., 1984. Observations on development in

copepods. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7): 150-153. Biol. Dept.. Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS. Canada.

85:6701 de Decker, A., 1984. Distribution pattern of epipe-

lagic copepods in the S.E. Atlantic and S.W. Indian Ocean. Crustaeeana, Suppl.(7):154-158.

Seventy-two of the over one hundred species iden- tiffed were sufficiently abundant to present a coherent distribution pattern. Typical examples of each pattern are discussed and mapped using the representative species: Centropages chierchiae, ( . brachiatus and C. furcatus, also Clausoealanus lati- ceps, Metridia lueens, Calanus finmarchicus, Macro- setella gracilis, Calocalanus tenuis and Acrocalanus gracilis. South African Mus., Cape Town. Republic of South Africa. (msg)

85:6702 Dejours, P., A. Toulmond and J.-P. Truchot, 1985.

Effects of simultaneous changes of water temperature and oxygenation on the acid-base balance of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 81A(2):259-262. Lab. de Physiol. Respiratoire, CNRS, 23 rue Bec- querel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.

85:6703 Diamond, Nancy and D.G. Hankin, 1985. Move-

ments of adult female Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) in northern California based on tag recoveries. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 42(5):919- 926.

Recovery of large numbers of tagged females in inshore areas during spring is consistent with an hypothesis of spring inshore movement of females for molting, mating, and later extrusion of egg masses. The most striking finding was that 46% of all recovered crabs were recaptured within 2 km of original release sites; many of these had been at large more than 1 yr. Adult female Dungeness crabs appear to constitute extremely localized stocks in northern California. Dept. of Fish., Coll. of Nat. Res., Humboldt State Univ., Arcata, CA 95521, USA.

85:6704 Dietrich, A. and G. Uhlig, 1984. Stage specific

da~ification of ~ with automatic image analysis. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):159-165. Biol. Anstalt Helgoland, D 2192 Helgoland. FRG.

85:6705 Emmerson. W.D., t985. Oxygen consumption in

Palaemon pacificus (Stimpson) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in relation to temperature, size and season. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 81A~ ! i 7 t~ 78. Dept. of Zool.. Univ. of Transkei, Private Bag X 5092, Umtata, Republic of l'rarv&ei. Southern Africa.

85:6706 Ennis, G.P., 1984. Comparison of physiological and

functional size-maturity relationships in two Newfoundland populations of lobsters Homarus americanus. Fishery Bull. natn. mar. Fish. Sere,. U.S., 82(1):244-249. Fish. Res. Br., I)ept. of Fish. and Oceans, P.O. Box 5667. St. John% NF AIC 5XI, Canada.

85:6707 Ferrari, F.D., 1984. Pleiotropy and Plem~mamm&

the looking glass copopods (Calanoida). Crusta- ceana, Suppl. (7):166-181. Oceanogr. Sorting Center, Smithsonian Inst., Washington. DC 20560, USA.

85:6708 Forest, Jacques, 1984. [Revision of the genus Anicu-

/us (Decapoda Diogenidae).l Crustaceana. Suppl. 8:91pp. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Carcin. et d'Oceanogr, biol., Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 61 rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris. France.

85:6709 Galil, B. and Ch. Lewinsohn, 1985. On the taxo-

nomic status of Tra/~Ma aroolata Dana and Trapezia septata Dana (Decapod~ Brachyura). Crustaceana, 48(3):286-293. American Mus. of Nat. Hist., New York, NY, USA.

85:6710 Galil, B.S., 1983. Two new species of Trapez/a

(Decal~la: Brachyura), coral-inhahiting crabs from Taiwan. Micronesica, 19(1-2):123-129. Dept. of Zool., Tel Aviv Univ., Israel.

85:6711 Gaudy, R., 1984. Biological cycle of Centropages

typicos in the northwestern Mediterranean neritie waters. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):200-213. Lab. d'Hydrobiol, mar., Fac. des Sci. de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France.

85:6712 Genoni, G.P., 1985. Food limitation in salt marsh

fiddler crabs Uea rapax (Smith) (Decapoda:


Ocypodidae). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 87(1):97- 110.

Results support the hypothesis that salt marsh fiddler crabs are food-limited in biomass, and possibly in production, in spite of the abundance of detritus in their habitat. Possible causes for food limitation are (a) lag in detritus availability from dead Spartina, (b) high density of consumers, (c) constraints on feeding time or space, (d) low assimilation efficiency, and (e) quality of the food resource. Fiddler crab burrows are known to enhance Spartina growth; one function of burrows may be to reduce food limitation. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

85:6713 Gore, R.H., 1985. Some rare species of abyssobentllic

shrimp (families Crangonidae, Glyphocrangoni- dee and Nematocarcinidae) from the Venezuela Basin, Caribbean Sea (Decapoda, Caridea). Crustaceana, 48(3):269-285. 288-2 Winner Circle, The Glades, Naples, FL 33942, USA.

85:6714 Grindley, J.R., 1984. The zoogeography of the

Pseudodiaptomidae. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):217-228.

These planktonic copepods are found in both temperate and tropical estuaries in habitats transitional between marine and freshwater, and are dominant in South African estuaries. This zooge- ographical and taxonomic study distinguished five major and several minor groups on the basis of morphology. The taxonomic grouping established is closely related to geographic distribution; the origin and evolution of the Pseudodiaptomidae are also discussed. School of Environ. Studies, Univ. of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. (llt)

85:6715 Gutu, Modest, 1984. Contribution to the knowledge

of the genus Ca/ozodion (Crastacea, Tanaldacea). Tray. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 26:35-43. (In French, English abstract.) Muz. de Ist. Nat. Grigore Antipa, Sos. Kiseleff 1, 71243 Bucaresti, Romania.

85:6716 Gyllenberg, GOran, 1984. The role of bacteria in

F_,urytemot~ feeding behaviour. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):229-232. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Helsinki, Finland.

85:6717 Haig, Janet and P.A. McLaughlin, 1983. New

Ca/cinus species (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogeni-

dee) from Hawaii, with a key to the local species. Micronesica, 19(1-2):107-121. Allan Hancock Fnd., Univ. of So. Calif., University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0372, USA.

85:6718 Hargrave, B.T., 1985. Feeding rates of abyssal

scavenging amphipods (Eurythenes g~'y//us) determined in-situ by time-lapse photography. Deep-Sea Res., 32(4A):443-450.

Bait (100 g of mackerel) moored 20 m above bottom at 5830 m in the Nares Abyssal Plain, NW Atlantic, was completely consumed by scavening lysianassid amphipods (Eurythenes gryllus) within 38 h. Amphi- pods were present as single individuals during 12 h after the first animal arrived with an average residence time of 30_ + 10 min. Weight loss, calcu- lated from changes in bait volume observed in photographs during this period, indicated an average consumption rate of 2.9 g/amphipod. Amphipods of different sizes ingested from 30 to 60% of their body equivalent weight and then departed from the bait. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

85:6719 Hiller-Adams, Page and J.F. Case, 1985. Optical

parameters of the eyes of some benthic decapods as a function of habitat depth (Crustacea, Decap- ode). Zoomorphologie, 105(2):108-1t3. Mar. Sci. Inst., Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

85:6720 Hipeau-Jacquotte, R., 1984. A new concept in the

evolution of the Copepoda: Pachypygus gibber (Notodelphytdae), a species with two breeding males. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):60-67. Sta. Mar. d'Endoume, rue Batterie-des-Lions, 13007 Mar- seille, France.

85:6721 Hirayama, Akira, 1984. Taxonomic studies on the

shallow water gammaridean Amphipoda of west Kyushu, Japan. IIl. Dexaminidae (Polycheria and Paradexamine). Pubis Seto mar. biol. Lab., 24(4-6):187-230. Kyushu Univ., Reihoku-cho, Amakusa, Kumamoto 863-25, Japan.

85:6722 Hirche, H.-J., 1984. Seasonal distribution of Ca/anus

n ~ e u s (Gunnerus) and C. be/go/and/cus (Claus) in a Swedish fjord [GuHmarfjord]. Crusta- ceana, Suppl. (7):233-241. Alfred-Wegener-lnst. fur Polarforschung, Kolumbuscenter, D-2850 Bremerhaven, FRG.

' ) ~ ? i~lO]OglC~i ( ) t eam,graph ' , ,i I~ t ~ ' ~ , . ;

85:6723 Hulsemann, K., 1984. First results on Copepoda

Calanoida from the equatorial Atlantic (RV Meteor Cruise 51). Crustaceana, Suppl.(7~:249- 257.

Sixty species were identified at three stations (2°48"N, 0°40"N, 2°0"S). Horizontal and vertical distribution, species diversity and abundance arc discussed and related to the equatorial hydrography. Biol. Anstalt Helgoland, Notkestrasse 31. 2000 Hamburg 52, FRG. (msg)

85:6724 Ishimaru, Shin-ichi, 1985. Taxonomic studies of the

family Pienstidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gam- maridea) from coastal waters of northern Japan. II. The genus Pleusymtes. J. Fac. Sci, Hokkaido Univ., (Set. VI):24(1):43-69. Zool. lnst, Hok- kaido Univ., Hokkaido, Japan.

85:6725 Ito, Tatsunori, 1984. Another cypris y from the North

Pacific, with reference to the bending behavior exhibited by a cypris y specimen of the formerly described type (Crnstacea: Maxillopoda). Publs Sew mar. biol. Lab, 24(4-6):367-374. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan.

85:6726 King, M.G. and A.J. Butler, 1985. Relationship of

life-history patterns to depth in deep-water caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Natantia). Mar. Biol., 86(2): 129-138.

Interspecifically, reproductive lifespan tended to increase with depth of distribution; mean egg sizes of each species increased with depth. Brood sizes tended to increase inconsistently with depth, although relative brood size appeared unrelated. Annual reproductive effort varied inconsistently with depth. It is proposed that adult predation decreases with increasing depth, allowing an ex- tended lifespan, increased iteroparity, and an increase in lifetime reproductive effort. Probabilities of larval survival, which appear to decrease with depth, are offset by the production of larger eggs. Austra- lian Maritime College, P.O. Box 986, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.

85:6727 Kornicker, L.S. and T.M. Iliffe, 1985. Deeveyinac, a

new subfamily of Ostracnda (Haiocyprididae) from a marine cave on the Turks and Caicos islands [West lndiesl. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 98(2):476-493. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Natl. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

85:6728 Kropp, R.K., 1983. l~m'ee new species of Porcd-

lanidae (Crustacea: Anomura) from the Mariana Islands and a discussion of Borradaile's Petro.. listhes lamarckii complex. Micronesica, i ~i ! 2):91-106. Dept. of Zool., Um~ of Marvlant, College Park, MD 20742. USA

85:6729 Labat, J.-P., 1984. The life cycle of Philocheras

trispinosns (Hailstone) (Crangonidae: Decapoda), in the region of Banyuls-suc.Mer (northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Vie Milieu, 34(1):9-16. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. Arago 66650. Banyuls-sur-Mer. France.

85:6730 Lafleur, P.E., Richard Bailey, J.-C. Br~thes and Paul

Lamoureux, 1984. [Snow crabs (Chonoecetes opilio, O. fabricius) from the North Shore of Quebec and the Gulf of St. Lawrence.] Tray. POcheries Qu~b., 50:53pp. Dir. de la rech. sci. et tech., 96, Montee Sandy Beach, C.P. 1070. Gaspe, PQ, Canada.

85:6731 Lakkis, Sami, 1984. On the presence of some rare

copepods in the Levantine Basin. Crustaceana. Suppl.(7):286-304.

Of 103 copepod species recorded since 1969, 7 were noted for the first time in the Mediterranean. All are present only during a certain portion of the year, and they seem to migrate through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea. LNCSR/Mar. Res. Centre, P.O. Box 123, Jounieh, Lebanon. (mwf)

85:6732 Lazzaretto, lvana and Angelo Libertini, 1985. Kary-

ologicai investigations of two populations of Tigriopus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Kerguelen region [Indian Oceanl. J. crustacean Biol., 5(2):330-333.

85:6733 Mangum, C.P. et al., 1985. Molting in the blue crab,

CMlinectes sapidns: a collaborative study of intermediary metabolism, respiration and cardiovascular function, and ion transport. J. crustacean Biol., 5(2):185-248; 7 papers.

The 02 transport system performance in intermolt stage C blue crabs is limited by the 02 carrying capacity of the hemocyanin, raising questions about the ability of crabs to survive the molt, postmolt growth, and restoration of the cuticle-epidermis complex. These concerns prompted investigations on the molt cycle including: gas exchange, acid-base

OLR (1985) 32 (1 I) E. Biological Oceanography 969

balance and O 2 supply to the tissues; cardiovascular and ventilation changes; ionic regulation and transport ATPase activities; free amino acid and inorganic ion regulation in the muscle and hemolymph; and carbonic anhydrase activity and calcium deposition. Anaerobic metabolism during intermolt was the topic of a final paper. (msg)

85:6734 Martens, Koen, 1985. Salinity tolerance of Myalocy.

pr/s henricae (Chapman) (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Hydrobiologia, 124(1):81-83. Rijksuniv. Gent, Inst. voor Dierkunde, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B 9000 Gent, Belgium.

85:6735 Martens, Koen, 1985. Effects of temperature and

salinity on postembryonic growth in Myalocypris hear/one (Chapman) (Crustacea, Ostracoda). J. crustacean Biol., 5(2):258-272.

85:6736 Martins, H.R., 1985. Biological studies of the ex-

ploited stock of the Mediterranean locust lobster ScyBm'/des latus (Latreille, 1803) (Decapoda: Scyllaridae) in the Azores. J. crustacean Biol., 5(2):294-305.

85:6737 Matylewich, M.A. and P.R. Mundy, 1985. Evalu-

ation of the relevance of some environmental factors to the estimation of migratory timing and yield for the brown shrimp of Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. N. Am. J. Fish. Mgmt, 5(2A):197-209. Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Comm., 2705 E. Burnside, Suite 114, Portland, OR 97214, USA.

85:6738 McClatchie, S., 1985. Feeding belmviour in Mega.

nyetlpbanes norveg/ea (M. Sars) (Crustacea: Euphanslaeea). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 86(3):271-284.

Meganyctiphanes norvegica will feed upon the centric diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii but cannot fulfill its energy requirement. Its daily metabolic requirement can be exceeded when the euphausiid feeds upon the copepods Calanus finmarchicus or Centropages Oppi - cus, but not when feeding upon the smaller copepods Pseudocalanus spp. or Acartia spp. Feeding in Meganyct~ohanes norvegica appears adapted to a spatially variable food supply and rapid exploitation of concentrated food sources. The filter area of the feeding basket of M. norvegica is proportionally smaller than the filter area of Euphausia superba, probably reflecting the difference between the

primarily carnivorous diet of the former and her- bivorous diet of the latter. Dept. of Oceanogr., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS B3H 4Jl, Canada.

85:6739 Morris, D.J., 1985. Integrated model of moulting and

feeding of Antarctic kriH E, uphansia superba off South Geor#a. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 22(3):207- 217.

Two periods per day of peak moulting activity suggest the existence of 2 strategies for fueling the post-moult hardening of the exoskeleton. Both light and predation are potential factors affecting moulting behavior, perhaps accounting for published observations of synchronous moulting in krill. Observations and previously published detailed models are synthesized into a single model that links feeding, swarming, vertical migration, environmental variables and moulting. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ET, U.K.

85:6740 Negoescu, Ileana, 1984. The study of the anthuridean

isopods (Crustacea, lsopoda, Anthuridea) from the cruises of the French oceanographic vessels. Tray. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 26:45-59. Muz. de Ist. Nat. Grigore Antipa, Sos. Kiseleff 1, 71243 Bucaresti, Romania.

85:6741 Ohtsuka, Susumu, '1984. Calanoid ¢opepods collected

from the near-bottom in Tanahe Bay on the Pacific coast of the middle Honshu, Japan. I. Arletellidue. Publs Sew mar. biol. Lab, 24(4- 6):359-365. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., Kyoto Univ., Japan.

85:6742 Ortiz, Manuel and Jorge Nazabal, 1984. A new

amphiped crustacean of the genus Lembos (Gam- maridea, Aoridae), from the Cuban marine waters. Trav. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 26:11- 13. Center of Mar. Res., Havana Univ., Cuba.

85:6743 Oshel, P.E., 1985. Paraffin-carving: a preparative

technique for scanning electron microscopy of crustaceans. J. crustacean Biol., 5(2):327-329.

85:6744 P6rez Farfante, Isabel, 1985. New locality records for

Cryptopenaeus catberinae De Freitas and Ben- thes/cymus hart/eta S.I. Smith (Decapoda, Penueoidea). Crustaceana, 48(3):316-318.

NMFS, Natl. Mus. of Nat. Hist.. Washington. DC 20560, USA.

85:6745 Pinkster, Sjouk and N.W. Broodbakker, 1980. The

influence of environmental factors on distribution and reproductive success of Eulimnogammarns obtnsatus (Dald, 1938) and other estuarine gam- marids. Crustaceana, Suppl. (6):225-24I

In the lab E. obtusatus showed increased survival time of ovigerous females and eggs with increased chlorinity, as well as increased egg production and shorter time between two ovipositions; males sur- vived better than females at lower chlorinities. Field experiments showed spatial overlap between species is rare in estuarine environments due to differing life cycles; therefore distribution patterns almost entirely depend on abiotic factors such as temperature and chlorinity, and the species' ability to cope with these conditions. Inst. of Taxon. Zool., Univ. of Amster- dam, Netherlands. (lit)

85:6746 Por, F.D., 1984. Canuellidae Lang (Harpacticoida,

Polyarthra) and the ancestry of the Copepoda. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):1-24. Dept. of Zool., Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem, Israel.

85:6747 Porumb, Florica, 1979. IProduction and productivity

of pelagic copepods from the Romanian Black Sea.I Cercetf~ri mar., 12:141-155. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumain. de Reck Mar., Constanta, Romania.

85:6748 Razouls, Suzanne, 1985. Biology of mesozooplankton

(Copepoda) from high latitudes. Oceanis, 11(1):53-71. (In French, English abstract.)

Three to four calanoid species comprise the majority of the mesozooplankton biomass ( 2 ~ mg m 2) and secondary production (7 mg m -2 y ~). Seasonal abundance is positively correlated with phytoplankton blooms; at a subantarctic inlet maximum copepod abundance was 200,000/m 2 in summer; minimum abundance was 200/m 2 in winter. Adap- tations to the variable environment include a two-year maturation schedule, a low respiratory metabolism and utilization of lipid reserves when phytoplankton are absent. CNRS, Lab. Arago, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. (msg)

85:6749 Regner, Dubravka, 1984. Seasonal and multinnnual

oscillations of copepod density in the central Adriatic. Crustaceana, Suppl.(7):352-359.

Three maxima in copepod densil~ occurred '.:ac~ year from 1970 1974 whereas ,ml~ 2 maxima occurred each year from 1960 1969. The ',hird maximum was associated with increased phosphate: concentrations akmg the coast and with wate: r:m~,~ dynamics in the channel and open areas. Long ~.crm fluctuations in copepod density were attributc, i twice to phytoplankton flucluations and o~c~ ~ dynamics within the copepod community. ]~.,t ,1 Oceanogr. and Fish., Split. Yugoslavia. (mwf~

85:6750 Sander, Finn and E.A. Moore. 1984. Size and

sex-ratio variations in some tropical marine copepods off Barbados, West Indies. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):369-370. Bellairs Res. inst. of McGil] Univ., St. James. Barbados, West Indies

85:6751 Siegel, V., 1985. On the fecundity of Antarctic kriil,

Euphausia superba (Euphausiacea). Arch. t:isch Wiss., 36(I-2): 185-193.

85:6752 Simonson, J.L., 1985. Reversal of handedness,

growth, and claw stridulatory patterns in the stone crab Menippe mercenaria (Say) (Crustacea: Xanthidae). J. crustacean Biol., 5(2):281-293

85:6753 Sloan, N.A., 1985. Life history characteristics of

fjord-dwelling [British Columbia] golden king crabs Lllhodes aeqnispina. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 22(3):219-228. Dept. of Fish. and Ocean., Pacific Biol. Sta., Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada.

85:6754 Tiemann, Henry, 1984. Is the taxon Harpacticoida a

monophyletic one? Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):47-59. Zool. Inst. und Zool. Mus., 2000 Hamburg 13, FRG.

85:6755 Vassallo, Leonard and D.H. Steele, 1980. Survival

and growth of young Gammarns lawrenchmus Bousfield, 1956, on different diets. Crustaceana, Suppl. 6:118-125. Dept. of Biol., Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF A1B 3X9, Canada.

85:6756 Vervoort, W. and J.C. von Vaupel Klein (eds.), 1984.

Studies on Copepode. IL (Proceedings of the First International Conference on Copepoda, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 24-28 August 1981). Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):1-435; 44 papers. (Mostly English, some French.)

OLR (1985) 32 ( I I) E. Biological Oceanography 971

Forty-four papers delivered at the symposium and their plenary discussions are collected here. Topics include copepod phylogeny, systematics, and new species; morphology, size- and sex-ratio variations; distribution and abundance in various oceans, bays, fjords, etc.; parasitism; effects of pollution and of variations in temperature and food supply; and sampling strategies. (msg)

85:6757 von Vaupel Klein, J.C., 1984. A primer of a

phylogenetic approach to the taxonomy of the genus E ~ / l a (Copepoda, Calanoida). Crusta- ceana, Suppl. 9:194pp. Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Hist., Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Lei- den, Netherlands.

85:6758 Vu~eti~, Tamara, 1984. Calanus helgolandJcus

(Claus) in a long-term (1954-1975) survey in the central Adriatic (Calanoida). Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):420-423.

Calanus helgolandicus is one of 28 dominant copepods in the Adriatic and is first on a density list of larger-sized species. Distribution studies show it to be a coastal or shelf species; and long-term density variations follow seasonal and multiannual abundance fluctuations. Extreme salinity and seawater density as causes of reproduction cessation are discussed. Inst. of Oceanogr. and Fish., Split, Yugoslavia. (llt)

85:6759 Wahle, R.A., 1985. The feeding ecology of Crangon

f ~ r m n and Crangon n/gricauda in San Francisco Bay, California. J. crustacean Biol., 5(2):311-326.

85:6760 Watkins, J.L., D.J. Morris and C. Ricketts, 1985.

Nocturnal changes in the mean length of a euphansiid population: vertical migration, net avoidance, or experimental error? Mar. Biol., 86(2): 123-127.

The lengths of 9421 Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba (144 net samples from 4 depth ranges) were measured over 6 days. While mean lengths showed differences between each depth range in each time period of each day, the only consistent difference occurred in the period 00.00 to 04.00 hr local time, when the mean lengths were up to 2 mm greater than at other times. Vertical migration may have con-

tributed to this nocturnal change but differences in measurement techniques between observers were also implicated. Controlled laboratory experiments confirmed significant differences between measurements of the same krill analysed by six different observers while there were no significant differences in replicate measurements made by a single observer. These results have important implications for future studies involving length and length-frequency analysis, and suitable precautions and experimental protocols are suggested. British Antarctic Surv., NERC, High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 OET, UK.

85:6761 Whybrew, D.F., 1984. A preliminary report on the

distribution of the species of Para/eptustne~ (Harpacticoida) in beaches of decreasing exposure on the North Sea island Sylt. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):424-435. II. Zool. Inst. und Mus. der Univ., D-34 Gottingen, FRG.

85:6762 Williams, B.G., J.G. Greenwood and J.B. Jillett,

1985. Seasonallty and duration of the devel- opmental stages of Heterosq~dla tricarinata (Claus, 1871) (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) and the replacement of the larval eye at metamorphosis. Bull. mar. Sci., 36(1):104-114.

85:6763 Williams, R., 1985. Vertical distribution of Ca/anus

F ~ c u s and C h e / g o / ~ d ~ in relation to the development of the seasonal thermodine in the Celtic Sea. Mar. Biol, 86(2):145-149.

These two morphologically similar copepods with the same foraging techniques have sympatric distributions in the Celtic Sea. While both exploit the spring diatom bloom, each takes a different vertical distribution as the seasonal halocline and thermodine develop: Calanus finmarchicus inhabits colder, more saline water below the thermocline, while C. helgolandicus occurs above in warmer, less saline water. Thus, both species are able to co-exist. Isolating mechanisms are discussed. NERC, Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res., Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PLI 3DH, UK. (ahm)

85:6764 Wilson, G.D.F. and David Thistle, 1985. Amulett& a

new genre for ~ m a c k a JIbys~cum 1911 (Isupoda: Asdiotu: Em'ycepidl~). J. crustacean Bioi~ 5(2):350-360.

, ~ 7 : !{io]oglca} O c e a m ) g r a p h ~ ~1 R i I';,~?? 32 i

E250. Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Tintin- nida, etc. (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOL-

OGY AND GEOPHYSICS)

85:6765 B~, A.W.H., J.K.B. Bishop, M.S. Sverdlove and

W.D. Gardner, 1985. Standing stock, vertical distribution and flux of planktonic Foraminifera in the Panama Basin. Mar. Micropaleont. 9(4):307-333.

The relationships between planktonic Foraminifera in the upper 2000 m of the water column, in sediment traps deployed at various depths, and in sediment cores from the Panama Basin are examined with regard to temporal variability of foraminiferal populations and sedimentation, factors governing depth distributions and abundances of juvenile and adult Foraminifera, and degree of selective disso- lution of Foraminifera with depth. Bishop: Lamont- Doherty Geol. Observ., Palisades, NY 10964, USA. Ost)

85:6766 B~nier, Christiane, 1985. Distribution of recent

planktonic Foraminifera in the tropical and southern Atlantic. Eclog. geol. Helv., 78(1):97- 125. (In French, English abstract.) Mus. d'Hist. nat., Dept. de geol. et paleontolgie des invert., case postale 434 CH-1211 Geneve 6, Switzer- land.

85:6767 Mackensen, A., H.P. Sejrup and E. Jansen, 1985.

The distribution of living benthic Foraminifera on the continental slope and rise off southwest Norway. Mar. Micropaleont., 9(4):275-306.

Factor analysis used to assess the distributions of benthic Foraminifera from 45 vented box-corer samples revealed six living and five corresponding dead assemblages. The 'additional' living assemblage was characterized by Cribrostomoides subglobosum which dominates water depths between 1400 and 2000 m, but is rare in samples of dead fauna. The assemblages appear to be related to water mass hydrography and the physicochemical and biological nature of the sediments. Mus. der Univ. Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40/60, D-2300 Kiel, FRG. (jst)

85:6768 Taniguchi, Akira and A.W.H. B6, 1985. Variation

with depth in the nmnher of chambers in planktonic foraminifel'al shells. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 41(1):56-58.

A study of planktonic foraminiferal shells collected in the northern Pacific and the Bering and Chukchi

seas revealed that the number of chambers was large in layers above and in the thermocline but small in the underlying layer. Observations indicate that the recruitment of Foraminifera occurs at depth and juveniles grow in the productive surface layer~ I::ac. of Agric., Tohoku Univ_ Sendal. Miyagi, 980 .laparl.

E260. Macrophytes lalgae grasses, t ic.!

85:6769 Carter, Virginia, J.E. Paschal Jr. and Nancy Bartow,

1985. Distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, May 1978 to November 1981. A water quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary. Wat.-Supplv Pap,, USGS, 2234-A:46pp.

85:6770 Celan, Maria, 1979. [Two new green algae from the

Romanian Black Sea coast.] Cercetkri mar., 12:109-113. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumain de Rech. Mar., Constanta, Romania.

85:6771 Celan, Maria, 1979. [The Enteromorpha tlexuosa

group Bliding from the Romanlan Black Sea coast.I Cercet~ri mar., 12:115-119. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumam de Rectl. Mar, Constanta, Romania.

85:6772 Celan, Maria, A. Bavaru and A. Bologa, 1979. [The

Romanian Black Sea coast macrophyte algae, summer, 1977.] Cercet~ri mar., 12:121-128. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumain de Rech. Mar., Constanta, Romania.

85:6773 Davis, F.W., 1985. Historical changes in submerged

macrophyte communities of upper Chesapeake Bay. Ecology, 66(3):981-993. Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

85:6774 Desch~nes, J. and J.-B. S6rodes, 1985. The influence

of salinity on Sch'pus al~e/~anl~ tidal marshes in the St. Lawrence River Estuary, Qu6hee. Can. J. Bot., 63(5):920-927. Serodes: Dept. of Civil Engrg., Laval Univ., PQ G1K 7P4, Canada.

85:6775 Gerard, V.A., 1984. Physiniogi¢~ effects of El Niio

on giant kelp in southern California. Mar. Biol. Letts, 5(6):317-322.

OLR (1985) 32 (I I) E. Biological Oceanography 973

Physiological and growth data suggest that giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) is adversely affected by high water temperatures (>20°C) and low nutrient concentrations, conditions associated with the 1982-83 El Nifao event. Nitrogen starvation appears to be the major factor in the observed reductions of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, and growth of canopy fronds. However, the physiological changes responsible for canopy deterioration are complex. Mar. Sci. Res. Center, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. (jst)

85:6776 Jensen, P.R., R.A. Gibson, M.M. Littler and D.S.

Littler, 1985. Photosynthesis and calcification in four deep-water Halimeda species (Chlorophy- ceae, Canlerpales). Deep-Sea Res., 32(4A):451- 464.

Measurements were made for Halimeda discoidea, H. cryptica, H. copiosa, and H. lacrimosa. Photosyn- thetic rates, as measured by both oxygen evolution and carbon-14 incorporation, agreed well and showed efficient light utilization. Calcification rates ranged 0.06 to 0.16 mg inorganic C g dry wt ~ h -~ and were positively correlated with photosynthesis, im- plying a physiological mediation of the depositional process. Only H. cryptica exhibited significant interspecific differences in calcification and photosynthetic rates (both higher) due, in part, to its greater organic content. Div. of Mar. Sci., Harbor Branch Fnd., Inc., Rt. l, Box 196, Ft. Pierce, FL 33450, USA.

85:6777 Nelson, W.A. and N.M. Adams, 1984. The marine

algae of the Kermadec Islands: a list of species. Natn. Mus. N.Z. misc. Ser., 10:29pp. Fish. Mgmt. Div., MAFF, Private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand.

85:6778 Rosoiu, Natalia and A.S. Bologa, 1979. Contribu-

tions to the study of the elementary chemical composition of the principal macrophytes along the Roman[an coast of the Black Sea. Cercet~ri mar., 12:133-139. Romanian Mar. Res. Inst., Constanta, Romania.

85:6779 Skolka, H.V., Florian Vasiliu and A.S. Bologa, 1980.

[The development of macrophytic communities on the Roman[an Black Sea coast, 1977-1978.] Cercet~ri mar., 13:133-145. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumain de Rech. Mar., Con- stanta, Romania.

85:6780 Wang, Yongchuan and Guoying Pan, 1984. A

preliminary study on the benthic algae from Nanpeng Island, Guangdong Province. Tropic Oceanol., 3(4):83-88. (In Chinese, English abstract.) South China Sea Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. Sin., People's Republic of China.

E270. Microphytes (coccolithophores, diatoms, flagellates, etc.)

85:6781 Balech, E., R. Akselman, H.R. Benavides and R.M.

Negri, 1984. [Supplement to: 'Dinoflagellates of the SW Atlantic,' (in press).l Revta Invest. Des. Pesq., 4:5-20. (In Spanish, English abstract.)

85:6782 Carreto, J.I., 1985. A new ketocarotenoid from the

heterotrophic dinoflagellate Protopeddinium de- pressure (Bayley) Balech, 1974. J. Plankt. Res., 7(3):421-423. Inst. Nac. de Invest. y Desarrollo Pesq., Casilla de Correo 175, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.

85:6783 Cota, G.F., 1985. Photoadaptation of high Arctic ice

algae. Nature, Lond., 315(6016):219-222.

Epontic algae from the Canadian Arctic show unusually high photosynthetic efficiencies normal- ized to pigment content, which increase with a decrease in the light levels. Photosynthesis was measurable at light intensities well below 0.01% of surface irradiance. In the most shade-adapted populations under deeper snow cover, photosynthesis was optimal at light intensities close to the maximum ambient level, and inhibited at higher intensities. Results indicate that epontic algae from the high Arctic can be considered as an obligate shade flora genetically constrained to very low photon fluxes. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dart- mouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

85:6784 Edyvean, R.G.J., G.A. Rands and B.L. Moss, 1985.

A comparison of diatom colonization on natural and artificial substrata in seawater. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 20(2):233-238. Dept. of Metallurgy, Univ. of Sheffield, UK.

85:6785 Gosselin, M., L. Legendre, S. Demers and R.G.

Ingram, 1985. Responses of sea-ice microalgae to

~ i . : , B i o i o g l c a t ( h : c a n o g r a p h ? , !! I~ l t . x ' , ~ : :

climatic and fortnightly tidal energy inputs (Man- itounuk Sound, Hudson Bay). Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 42(5):999-1006.

Seasonal photosynthetic activity does not start before the light intensity reaches 7.6 /~Einst.m -'.s ~' increase in cell numbers, chlorophyll, and photoadaptation index is related to increase in under-ice light intensity. Photosynthetic efficiency is mainly controlled by the fortnightly tidal vertical mixing, which governs the amount of nutrients in the upper brackish layer. Thus, production of microalgae depends upon three forms of energy: (1) the flux of solar light, (2) the inputs of auxiliary mechanical energy (fortnightly tides), and (3) the energy ex- changes (heat flux) responsible for the maintenance or destruction of energetic interfaces (ergoclines). Dept. de biol., Univ. Laval, PQ G IK 7P4, Canada.

85:6786 Ludden, Erik, Wim Admiraal and Franciscus Colijn,

1985. Cycling of carbon and oxygen in layers of marine microphytes; a simulation model and its eco-physiological implications. Oecologia, 66(1):50-59.

Simulated variations in oxygen concentrations and pH values over time scales of minutes and days were consistent with observations. The model predicted upper limits of primary production and biomass observed in well developed natural populations; these limits are caused by a combination of oxygen accumulation and depletion of inorganic carbon resulting from diffusion limitations and the recir- culation of organic carbon in photosynthetic, respiratory and excretory processes. Model calculations were used to check on the adequacy of various methods to determine the primary production of benthic microphytes. Admiraal: Dept. of Mar. Biol., State Univ. of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.

85:6787 Mihnea, P.-E. and Iulia Voinescu, 1979. Utilization

of the principal trophic anions by the marine unicellular algae as a function of the specific environmental conditions. Cereet~ri mar., 12:53- 80. Romanian Mar. Res. Inst., Constanta, Romania.

85:6788 Nakamura, Yasuo, 1985. Ammmthnn uptake kinetics

and interactions between nitrate and ammonium uptake in C/mttone//a anffqna. J. oeeanogr. Soc. Japan, 41(1):33-38. Natl. Inst. for Environ. Stud., Yatabe-machi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

85:6789 Valentin, J.L., N.M.L. da Silva and C.T.B. Bastos.

1985, IDiatoms of the Caho Frio (Brazil) Up- welling region: check list and ecological study.I J Plankt. Res., 7(3):313-337. (In French. English abstract.

Diatoms dominate, except in Brazil Current Water, where dinoflagellates are dominant and there J:s a poor population of thermophilic diatoms. Recently upwelled water has phytoplankton composed of epiphytic and benthic species; these are replaced by intense blooms of neritic and opportunist diatoms when the temperature rises. Diatom annual distribution accompanies upwelling. The vertical thermal gradient or water stability is the most important factor affecting the specific composition and distribution of the diatom communities. Inst. Nac. de Estudos do Mar., 28910 Arraial do Cabo, R J, Brazil.

85:6790 Yamochi, Susumu, 1984. Nutrient factors involved in

controlling the growth of red tide flagellates Prorocentrum micans, Eutreptiella sp. and Chat- tonella marina in Osaka Bay [Japan]. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 31(2):97-106. (In Japanese, English abstract.) Osaka Prefectural Fish. Exper. Sta., Misaki-cho. Sennan-gun, Osaka, 599-03, Japan.

E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace accumulations, etc.; see also B350- Atmospheric pollution, C210-Chemical pollution, F250-Waste disposal)

85:6791 Arnac, Michel and Claude Lassus, 1985. Heavy

metal accumulation (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) by smelt (Osmerus mordax) from the north shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary. Wat. Res., 19(6):725-734. (In French, English abstract.) Dept. d'Oceanogr., Univ. du Quebec a Rimouski, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3AI, Canada.

85:6792 Aston, S.R. and S.W. Fowler, 1984. Experimental

studies on the bioaccumuintion of plutonium from seawater and a deep-sea sediment by clams and polyclmetes. J. environ. Radioactivity, 1(1):67-78. Dept. of Environ. Sci., Univ. of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.

85:6793 Baker, R., B. Lavie and E. Nevo, 1985. Natural

selection for resistance to mercury pollution. Experientia, 41(5):697-699.


A significantly higher resistance to mercury was found in a population of the marine gastropod, Cerithium rupestre, inhabiting a mercury-polluted site than in a population from a mercury-free location. This may be due to recent selection for high resistance at the polluted site. While no physiological mechanisms for resistance are proposed, the evolution of metal tolerance in marine organisms may be as fast as selection for metal tolerance in plants and the industrial melanism observed in moths. Inst. of Evolution, Univ. of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31999, Israel. (jst)

85:6794 Bergner, P.-E.E., 1985. On relations between bio-

accumulation and weight of organisms. Ecol. Model., 27(3-4):207-220.

Empirical bioaccumulation data indicate the existence of systematic relations between the extensive quantity 'size of organism' and the intensive quantity 'weight concentration of accumulating substances.' Whereas classical physics does not provide a sat- isfactory explanation of these phenomena, their likelihood can be deduced from three physico- biologic principles that are sufficiently primitive to be acceptable as postulates. It is of some significance that 'age of organism' never enters into the analysis as a necessary concept. Swedish Water and Air Pollution Res. Inst., Box 21060, S-10031 Stockholm, Sweden.

85:6795 Berk, S.G., J.H. Gunderson and UA. Derk, 1985.

Effects of cadmium and copper on chemotaxis of marine and freshwater cillates. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 34(6):897-903. Dept. of Environ. Sci., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.

85:6796 Bond, A.M., J.R. Bradbury, H.A. Hudson, J.S.

Garnham, P.J. Hanna and Stanley Strother, 1985. Kinetic studies of lead(IF) uptake by the seaffrass Zostera muelleri in water by radio- tracing, atomic absorption spectrometry and electrochemical techniques. Mar. Chem., 16(1):1-9. Div. of Chem. and Phys. Sci., Deakin Univ., Vict. 3217, Australia.

85:6797 Brackup, Ivy and D.G. Capone, 1985. The effect of

several metal and organic pollutants on nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) by the roots and rhizomes of Zostera ram'/ha L. Environ. expl Bot., 25(2):145-151.

Mercury and nickel at 10 and 100 ppm (weight of pollutant: volume of seawater) and lead, naphtha- lene, pentachlorophenol, Temik (Aldicarb) and Kepone at 100 ppm all significantly reduced nitro- genase activity in short term (1 day) assays. Toxa- phene (100 ppm) and lead (10 ppm) had no significant effect. Inhibition of the diazotrophic flora of the roots and rhizomes by a variety of environmental contaminants provides an impetus to consider root bacteria when evaluating mechanisms of toxicological responses of seagrasses. Capone: Mar. Sci. Res. Center, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

85:6798 Conversi, Alessandra, 1985. Uptake and loss of

teehnetium-95m in the crab Pachygrapsus mm-- moratus. J. environ. Radioactivity, 2(2): 161-170. Via Stresa 66-I 00135 Roma, Italy.

85:6799 Devineau, J. and C.A. Triquet, 1985. Patterns of

bioaccumulation of an essential trace element (zinc) and a pollutant metal (cadmium) in larvae of the prawn PMaemon sen'atns. Mar. Biol., 86(2):139-143. IFREMER, B.P. 1049, F-44037 Nantes Cedex, France.

85:6800 Dines, R.A. and J.R. Wharfe, 1985. The environ-

mental impact of paper mill waste discharges to the Swale [SE England]. Environ. Pollut., (A)38(3):245-260. Wharfe: Southern Water Au- thority, Kent Div., Capstone Rd., Chatham, Kent, ME5 7QA, UK.

85:6801 Evans, Sverker, 1984. Uptake and loss of t34Cs and

6°Co by the Baltic bivalve Macoma baiffca in a laboratory microcosmos. J. environ. Radioactivity, 1(2): 133-150. Studsvik Energiteknik AB, Nucle- ar Div., Environ. Prot., S-611 82 Nykoping, Sweden.

85:6802 Foster, G.D. and R.E. Tullis, 1985. Quantitative

structure--toxicity relationships with osmotically stressed Artenffa salina nanplii. Environ. Pollut., (A)38(3):273-281. Chesapeake Biol. Lab., Sol- omons, MD 20688, USA.

85:6803 Friligos, Nicholas and Theodore Koussouris, 1984.

Preliminary observations on sewage nutrient enrichment and phytopbmkton ecology in the Thermalkos Gulf, Thessaloniki, Greece. Vie

Milieu, 34(1 ):35-39. Inst. of Oceanogr. and t-ish Res., GR 166 04 Helliniko. Greece,

85:6804 Furness, R.W., 1985. Ingestion of plastic particles by

seabirds at Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Environ. Pollut., (A)38(3):261-272.

A survey of the occurrence of plastic in the gizzards of seabirds indicated that high levels were present in white-faced storm petrels, great shearwaters, and broad-billed prions; several other species carried small numbers of particles. Larger species tended to carry larger particles. No clear influence of ingested plastic on body condition could be demonstrated although some evidence suggests that Procellarii- formes may be susceptible to a build-up of plastic because of their small and constricted gizzard anatomy. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Glasgow. G12 8QQ, Scotland.

85:6805 Harvey, R.W. and S.N. Luoma, 1985. Effect of

adherent bacteria and bacterial extracellular polymers upon assimilation by Macoma balthica of sediment-bound Cd, Zn and Ag. Mar. Ecol.- Prog. Set., 22(3):281-289.

In general, amounts of metal taken up from ingested particles varied dramatically with the nature of the particle surface. Ingestion of contaminated iron oxide particles did not contribute to overall Cd and Ag uptake, but accounted for 89-99% of total Zn uptake. Exopolymer adsorbed on iron oxide particles caused an increase in biological availability in the order A g ~ C d ~ Z n , whereas adherent bacteria had no effect upon amounts of metal taken up. Behav- ioral avoidance was observed at higher Cd and Ag levels. Uptake of Cd from alkaline-extracted sediments was insignificant, as it was from unamended iron oxide; addition of exopolymer caused a restoration in bioavailability. USGS, Water Resources Div., 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

85:6806 Hwang, G.-C., S.-J. Kim and E.-H. Lee, 1984. Heavy

metal content of oyster, blue mussel and growing water in Hansan-G~je Bay [Korea]. Bull. natn. Fish. Univ. Busan, 24(1):121-128. (In Korean, English abstract.) Food Sanitation Sect., Fish. Res. and Develop. Agency, Pusan, 606 Korea.

85:6807 Lack, T.J. and D. Johnson, 1985. Assessment of the

blologleul effects of sewage sludge at a licensed site off Plymouth [U.K.]. Mar. Pollut. Bull.,

16(4):147-152. Water Res. Centre. Henie~ ~t i Medmenham. Marlow, Bucks, [JK.

85:6808 Livingstone, D.R., 1985. Responses of the detoxica-

tion/toxication enzyme systems of molluscs to organic pollutants and xenobiotics. Mar. P, dlul Bull., 16(4):158-164. NERC. Inst. for Mar Environ. Res., Prospect Place. Fhe Hoe. P!~,m~ outh. Devon PLI 3DH, U K

85:6809 Mihnea, P.E., Gheorghe Munteanu and Ion

Pecheanu, 1980. Effect of Cd z+ on the metabolism of the marine unicellular algae. Cercetdri mar., 13:199-211. Romanian Mar. Res. lnst~, Constanta, Romania.

85:6810 Moore, M.N., 1985. Cellular responses to pollutants.

Mar. Pollut. Bull., 16(4):134-139.

Some indicators of cellular reactions to toxic chemicals are already available for environmental impact assessment. Focus on a single cell type, such as hepatopancreatic digestive cells or developing oocytes, and on single chemicals has yielded high- sensitivity indicators of pollutant-induced injury. Possible modification of cellular reactions to mix- tures of toxic chemicals is only beginning to be understood. Particular emphasis in this review is given to the use of marine molluscs as sentinel organisms. NERC, Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res., Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK. (mwf)

85:6811 Pastorok, R.A. and G.R. Bilyard, 1985. Effects of

sewage pollution on coral-reef communities. Review. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 21(1-2):175-189.

This review of potential impacts of sewage effluent presents case histories of sewage pollution in coral-reef ecosystems, discusses nutrient enrichment, sedimentation, and toxicity effects, examines the recovery of coral-reef systems after disturbances, and suggests areas for future research. Tetra Tech, Inc., 11820 Northup Way, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA. (jst)

85:6812 Patel, B., S. Patel and M.C. Balani, 1985. Can a

sponge fractionate isotopes? Proc. R. Soc., Lond., (B)224(1234):23-41.

The siliceous sponge Spirastrella cuspidifera accumulated Co-60 and Ni-63 and discriminated against Cs-137 and 1-131 whereas Prostylyssa foetida from

OLR (1985) 32 (11 ) E. Biological Oceanography 977

the same microecological niche accumulated 1-131 and discriminated against other radionuclides. Sta- ble iodine concentrations in both sponges were the same. The ability to fractionate isotopes and ac- cumulate either stable or radioactive isotopes selec- tively has to be considered in determining the behavior and cycling of radionuclides in a food chain. Health Phys. Div., Bhabha Atomic Res. Centre, Bombay 400 085, India. (mwf)

85:6813 Phillips, D.J.H. and Kosol Muttarasin, 1985. Trace

metals in bivalve molluscs from Thailand. Mar. environ. Res., 15(3):215-234. Environ. Prot. Agency, Empire Centre, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

85:6814 Redpath, K.J., 1985. Growth inhibition and recovery

in mussels (Myfi/us edu//s) exposed to low copper concentrations. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 65(2):421-431. Mar. Sci. Lab., Univ. Coll. of North Wales, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd LL59 5EH, UK.

85:6815 Riisgard, H.U., T. Kiorboe, F. Mohlenberg, I.

Drabaek and P.P. Madsen, 1985. Accnmulation, elimination and chemical speciation of mercury in the bivalves Mytilus edulis and Macoma bMthica. Mar. Biol~ 86(1):55-62. Inst. of Biol., Odense Univ., Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.

85:6816 Romeo, M. and M. Gnassia-Barelli, 1985. Metal

uptake by different species of phytoplankton in culture. Hydrobiologia, 123(3):205-209.

Cadmium and copper uptake by Prasinocladus marinus, Amphidinium carterae, Chaetoceros cur- visetum and Chaetoceros protuberans were considered as a function of exposure time and of metal concentration. For A. carterae cadmium accumulation was not dependent on exposure time or on metal concentration. Phytoplankton uptake (except A. carterae) of both Cu and Cd was governed by an adsorption process. Inserm U 216, Lab. de phys. et chim. mar., La Darse BP8-06230 Villefrance sur Mer, France.

85:6818 Serb~lnescu, Octavian, loan Pecheanu and Radu

Mihnea, 1980. [Zinc, copper and iron in sediments and organisms from the inferior Danube and Romanian Black Sea coastal waters.] Cer- cet~ri mar., 13:219-225. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumain de Rech, Mar., Con- stanta, Romania.

85:6819 Thiel, Hjalmar, Horst Weikert and Ludwig Karbe,

1985. [Estimating the environmental risk of disturbing the metalliferous muds of the Atlantis II Deep in the Red Sea, i Natur Mus, Frankf., 115(4):98-110. (In German.) Inst. fur Hydrobiol. und Fisch. der Univ. Hamburg, Zeiseweg 9, D-2000 Hamburg 50, FRG.

85:6820 Uye, S., M. Yoshiya, K. Ueda and S. Kasahara,

1984. The effect of organic sea--bottom pollution on survivability of resting eggs of neritic cula- noids. Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):390-403.

Resting eggs may be survival insurance for some marine copepod species in seasons that are unfa- vorable for planktonic forms (hot summers or severe winters). Several calanoid species under varying degrees of organic pollution in Fukuyama Harbor, Japan, were studied to determine the effect of organic pollution on the viability of benthic resting eggs. Fac. of Appl. Biol. Sci., Hiroshima Univ., Fukuyama 720, Japan. (Ut)

85:6821 Viarengo, Aldo, 1985. Biochemical effects of trace

metals. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 16(4):153-158.

This article focuses on the biochemical responses of aquatic organisms to Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg and Ag, a group of metals having similar electronic characteristics although, due to differences in atomic number, electronegativity etc., their affinity for biological ligands may vary greatly. Metal effects are described as alterations of the biochemistry of the different subcellular compartments in an attempt to extrapolate results to the interpretation of cellular mechanisms of metal toxicity. Ist. di Fisiologia Gen., Univ., 16132 Genova, Italy.

85:6817 Serb~inescu, Octavian, Radu Mihnea and Icmet

Bilal, 1980. [Organochlorlne pesticides in Ro- manian Black Sea organisms.] Cercet~ri mar., 13:213-218. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. Roumain de Rech. Mar., Constanta, Romania.

85:6822 Widdows, John, 1985. Physiological responses to

poHntion. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 16(4):129-134.

An outline of necessary criteria for measures of biological effects of pollution (sensitivity, quantitative relationship with pollutant, short response

* ;x }'~aoh*t:lc:l] t k e a n o g l a p i l ~i b', { i~P~ . . . . . . .

t~me, precise measurability, and ecologmai s]gnit- icance) is presented along with criteria for indicator organism selection. Selected physiological responses (scope for growth, growth efficiency, oxygen t,, nitrogen ratio, shell growth, and reproductive and behavioral responses) are reviewed; application of these measurements to environmental quality' models is discussed. NERC, Inst. for Mar. Environ Res.. Prospect Place, The Hoe. Plymouth, Dewm Pill 3DH, UK. (gsb}

85:6823 Woodman, S.S.C. and A.E. Little, 1985. Rocky shore

monitoring in Milford Haven IS. Wales, U.K.I. Oil Petrochem, Poilu& 2(2):79-91. Oil Pollution Res. Unit, Field Studies Council, Orielton Field Centre, Pembroke, Dyfed, Wales, U K

85:6824 Zaitev, Iuvenalie, 1979. [Biological problems of the

NW Black Sea shelf.] Cercet~ri mar., 12:7-32. (In French, English abstract.) Sect. d'Odessa de l'Inst, de Biol. des Mers du Sud, Acad. des Sci. de RSS de l'Ukraine, USSR.

E340. Aquaculture (commercial) 85:6825

Cuenco, M.L., R.R. Stickney and W.E. Grant, 1985. Fish bioenergetics and growth in aquaculture ponds. I. Individual fish model development. Ecol. Model., 27(3-4): 169-190. Computer Tech. Unit., Texas Agric. Extension Serv., College Station, TX 77843, USA.

85:6826 Cuenco, M.L., R.R. Stickney and W.E. Grant, 1985.

Fish bioenergetics and growth in aquaculture ponds. II. Effects of interactions among size, temperature, dissolved oxygen, unionized am- monia and food on growth of individual fish. Ecol. Model., 27(3-4):191-206. Computer Tech. Unit, Texas Agric. Extension Serv., College Station, TX 77843, USA.

85:6827 Kadowaki, Shusaku, Yoichiro Inazuka and Hachiro

Hirata, 1984. Ecological survey of sediment flux in coastal fish farms. I. Decomposition features of the flux. Mem. Fac. Fish. Kagoshima Univ., 33(1):43-49. (In Japanese, English abstract.)

Fish. Res. Lab., I=ac. of Fish., Kagoshima ~, : ~ Azuma-cho, Kagoshima. 899-14 Japan,

85:6828 Kanazawa, Akio, Shin-ichi Teshima and Mitsurt~

Sasaki, 1984. Requirements of the juvenile prawn for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, copper, manganese, and iron. Mere. Fac. Fish Kagoshima Univ., 33(1):63-71. Fac. of Fish., Kagoshima Univ., 50-20 Shimoarata-4, Kago- shima 890, Japan.

85:6829 Plaia, W.C. and S.A. Willis, 1985. A flat-plate solar

collector system for use in aquaculture. Pro- gressive Fish-Culturist, 47(2):129-132. Florida Dept. of Nat. Res., Bur. of Mar. Research, 100 Eighth Ave., SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.

85:6830 Taylor, J.L., R.M. Ogilvie and P.R. Todd (compil-

ers), 1985. Proceedings of the Salmon Farming Conference. [Fisheries Research Division, Min- istry of Agriculture and Fisheries, New Zea- land.] Occ. Publ., Fish. Res. Div., Minist. Agric. Fish., N.Z., 47:82 pp; 16 papers.

Salmon farming in New Zealand is discussed in relation to ocean ranching ventures, a sea cage rearing project, hatchery rearing, processing prac- tices and quality control, salmon diseases, tagging results, stock production, marketing, and the law A panel discussion addressed the areas of research needs, farming prospects and directions for the future. (llt)

85:6831 Tseng, Wen-Young and Cheng-Kuang Hsu, 1984.

Studies on the culture of the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus Mori and its value as a food for juveniles of the yellow-fin sea bream Acantho. pagrus latus (Houttuyn). Crustaceana, Suppl. (7):381-389. Dept. of Fish., Univ. of Tech.. Lae, Papua New Guinea.

E370. Theoretical biology and ecology

85:6832 Schaffer, W.M. and M. Kot, 1985. Do strange

attractors govern ecological systems? Bioscience, 35(6):342-350,

OLR(1985)32 (11) 979

To what extent are the concepts of ecology grounded in the mathematics of linearity and equilibrium? To that extent the models are probably wrong, mere evanescent caricatures of infinitely more complex, if no less deterministic, nonlinear systems. These systems may well be governed by strange attractors (which confine events to constrained but nonperi- odic paths), one year's major conduit in a food web, e.g., becoming next year's insignificant track. The mathematics of deterministic chaos and nonlinear kinetics, and their potential applicability to ecology, are given an overview. Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biol., Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. (fcs)

85:6833 Stuart, C.I.J.M., 1985. Bio-informational equivalence.

J. theor. Biol., 113(4):611-636.

The idea that biological processes are equivalent to information transactions analyzable by theories of information developed by Shannon, or Brillouin, or others has gained much currency, joining evolution and genetics as fundamental biological paradigms. But, it is argued here, such analogies are anthro- pocentric, false, yield no clean theoretical insights, and may actually prevent them. Dept. of Appl. Sci. in Med., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. (fcs)

E400. Books, collections (general) 85:6834

Laubier, L. (chairperson), 1984. Deep-sea fauna: biological and physiological adaptations. Seminar, 29 November 1983. Oceanis, 10(6):595-695; 6 papers. (In French, English abstract.)

These six papers discuss the zoology, ecology and physiology of the deep-sea ecosystem. Topics include: the diets of suspension- and deposit-feeder invertebrates, benthic energy budgets, food webs of hydrothermal vent ecosystems and depth adaptation of fishes. (llt)

85:6835 Mayzaud, Patrick et al., 1985. Adaptations of marine

organisms to cold waters: physiological and ecophysiological aspects (Part I). Oceanis, 11(1):1-71; 5 papers. (In French, English ab- stracts.)

Papers in this thematic issue discuss basic features of the Arctic regions, physiological ecology of polar marine ectotherms, effects of temperature on Ant- arctic and subantarctic bacteria, evidence for cold adaptation from phytoplankton ribulose bisphos- phate carboxylase activation energy, and biology of high-latitude copepods. C.N.R.S., Sta. Zool., 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. (msg)

F. GENERAL

FIO. Apparatus, methods, mathematics (multidisciplinary)

85:6836 Attwood, David, Klaus Halbach and K.-J. Kim,

1985. Tunable coherent x-rays. Science, 228(4705): 1265-1272.

The spectral and spatial characteristics of XUV would make such radiation ideal for phase- and element-sensitive microprobing of biological chem- istries, material interfaces and microscopic electronic circuitry, but it has yet to be exploited. However, a 1-2 beV synchrotron based on a high brightness electron beam interacting with a magnetic undulator would be able to generate coherent, soft x-rays as short as 10 angstroms, broadly tunable and subject

to polarization control. Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. (fcs)

85:6837 Brooks, D.A., 1984. Transhorizon VHF telemetry

from ocean moorings. J. atmos, ocean. Technol., 1(2):176-189.

As part of an ongoing study in the Gulf of Maine, an experimental VHF transhorizon telemetry system was recently deployed with a current meter mooring. The refractive properties of the marine boundary layer made it possible to transmit data with about 70% reliability over a 100 km distance, or about ten times the optical-horizon distance for the antenna heights used. During weather anomalies, large

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