©2008 Tata Communications, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
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Subsea cables:Jugular veins for Africa’s Global Communications
AfriNIC
Cairo April
21-22nd 2009
Yves Poppe
Director Bus. Dev. IP services
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Member of the Tata Group
125-year old largest private sector group
$62.5 billion in revenues
Acquired VSNL in February 2002 VSNL acquired Tyco in Nov 2004 VSNL acquired Teleglobe in Feb 2006
Teleglobe, Tyco, VSNL and VSNL International became Tata Communications on February 13th 2008
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
Major shareholder in Neotel
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Cable landing stations back then
Mess Quarters, Aden Cable Station circa 1905
Suez - The Eastern Telegraph Company Ltd
http://www.atlantic-cable.com/
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The Grandfather of Global Networks: All Red Line completed in October 1902
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From undersea telegraph to
undersea voice
In the 1950s new technology put cables ahead of radio. Small vacuum tubes that could operate under water for 20 years or more meant that amplifiers could be buried at sea with the cable. This boosted the cable's information capacity to the point that it could even carry telephone signals.
Small vacuum tubes like this could be buried at sea with the cable for years. They helped to increase a cable's information-carrying capacity by more than a thousandfold.
Borrowed from : The Underwater web, Smithsonian Institute
http://www.sil.si.edu/Exhibitions/Underwater-Web/uw-credits.htm
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The first decade of transoceanic subsea fiber optics
1986; First international subsea optical cable between U.K. and Belgium 1988: TAT-8 becomes the first transoceanic optical cable 1992: TAT-9 and TAT-10 with 565mb capacity each 1993: TAT-11 with 2x565mb, the first gigabit level transoceanic cable! 1994: Cantat-3 with 5gig! 1998: Atlantic Crossing 1 with 840 gig design capacity!
Then came the terabit years
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Ten years later (end 2008)
Approx. 25 Terabit capacity under the atlantic 13 Terabit circling South America23 Terabit under the Pacific; another 14.72Tb in 2009-2010(TPE,AAG, Unity)33Tb East and North-East Asia2.5Tb Europe-Asia; another 14.3Tb for 2009-2010 (IMEWE, EIG, MENA)
Only 0.355 Terabit circling the west part of the African continent, nothing on the east-side but that will change considerably over the next three years starting with Seacom later this year.
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Circling the world on Tata Communication owned Submarine Cable
• Frankfurt
• Hong Kong• Mumbai
• San Francisco
• New York
• Tokyo
• London Trans-Pacific
TGN Intra-Asia
TIC, i2i & SMW 4
SMW 3 & 4; FEA
SAT3 & SAFE
Intra-Europe
Trans-Atlantic
Trans-Pacific
• Singapore
TGN Eurasia
Cable Name Connecting Ownership
TGN-Intra Asia Singapore Hong Kong, Japan, Vietnam, Philippines
Majority Owner
TGN-Eurasia India to France via Egypt
Majority Owner
Cable Name Connecting Ownership
IMEWE India, Middle East, Egypt, Italy, France
Consortium Member
SEACOM India, Egypt, South Africa
Initial Capacity Owner
New Cables Capacity Purchase
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I-ME-WE as currently under construction
Expected Length ~ 13,000km 3.84 Tb capacity on 3 fiber pairs Target RFS: 2H2009
9 parties connecting 8 countries and 10 landing points
India -Mumbai (Bharti and Tata Telecom)i
Pakistan - Karachi (PTCL) UAE - Fujairah (Etisalat) Saudi Arabia - Jeddah (STC) Egypt - Suez and Alexandria (Ogero
Telecom, Telecom Egypt Lebanon - Tripoli Italy - Catania (Sparkle) France - Marseille (France Telecom)
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TGN – EurAsia Tata Communications Joint Build for an express route cable from India to Europe
• Expected Length 9,000km • Planned for 2 fiber pairs• Day One Capacity:
• 160 Gbps• Design Capacity:
• 1.28Tbps• Design Life ~ 25 years • Cable Builder: Tyco Landing Locations:
• Mumbai• Egypt – 2 landings• Marseille
TGN-EA
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The Gulf Cable Project
Trans-Atlantic
Trans-Pacific
for discussion purposes only
Kuwait
KSA
Bahrain
Qatar
UAE
Oman Mumbai
TataGlobal
Network
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South Asia - Gulf States/Middle-East- Europe Network Diversity
In addition to FLAG, SMW-3 and SMW4, the upcoming IMEWE, TGN-EA, Orascom s MENA and EIG will provide the region vastly increased South Asia – Middle East – Europe capacity and diversity and help circle the African continent
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Global investments in subsea cables 2006-2008
Source: Terabit Consulting Africa could go from 2% to 20% of investments during next 4 years.
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Africa: the three SAT’s
See: http://atlantic-cable.com/CableCos/SouthAfrica/index.htm
SAT-1: 1968
SAT-2: 1993
SAT-3: 2001
WASC/SAFE: 2002
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East Africa: The missing link
EASSY:
The original project consisted of two fibre pairs with a capacity of 640
Gigabit; estimated cost of $200 million ; 8840 km
Unfortunately, disagreements nearly derailed and delayed the project by
around five years.
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East Africa : 4 or 5 cables instead of just one?
FLAG NGN
Full capacity: 2.56Tbps RFS: ?
EASSY
Full capacity: 320Gbps RFS: mid 2010
TEAMS
Full capacity: 320 Gbps RFS: mid 2009
Maps by Telegeography
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SEACom Cable System
Length: 13,000km Cable
Locations:
South Africa (Mtunzini)
Mozambique (Maputo)
Madagascar (Toliary),
Tanzania (Dar es Salaam)
Kenya (Mombasa)
India (Mumbai)
Djibouti (Djibouti)
France (Marseille)
Ultimate Capacity: 1,280 Gbps
City-to-City Connectivity onto the Tata Communications Networks in Europe, India, & USA
Full Range of Service Offerings including:
E1, DS-3, STM-1 through STM-64
Lease and IRU Contracts available
Expected RFS: 2H2009
First Cable system connecting E. Africa to S. Africa, India and Europe
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And on the African West Coast : WACS is going forward
The 14,000km submarine cable will run from Cape Town to the UK with landings in Namibia, Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Nigeria, Togo, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Cape Verde, the Canary Islands and Portugal. The WACS consortium comprises eleven companies that signed the WACS Construction and Maintenance Agreement: Angola Telecom, UK-based Cable & Wireless, Portugal Telecom, SOTELCO (Congo), Telecom Namibia, Togo Telecom, India's Tata Communications and four South African firms - Broadband Infraco, Telkom SA, MTN and Vodacom.
3.84Tb design capacity, RFS 2011
US$600 million investment
April 2009: contract awarded to Alcatel
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Other West African projects: MainOne, Glo-1, ACE
Main One: Nigerian initiative RFS end 2010 1.2Tb design capacity
Glo-1: Lagos –London expansion
ACE: France Telecom initiative RFS 2011
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Situation in 2011 if all these projects materialize….
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AS6453: Globe spanning dual stack IPv4/IPv6 Tier-1 IP Backbone
Explosive growthOC48/192 MPLS backbone 70% year over year traffic growth Courtesy of User generated
Content and p2p: Youtube, Myspace etc
IP Network at a glance 1500+ Gbps of Backbone CapacityCarries 750+ Petabits globally per month;Fully dual stack IPv4 and IPv6
We are ready, join us, surf the transition wave and be ready for new revenue streams in a global mobile internet
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Proportion of customers AS’es connecting in dual stack to AS6453
Proportion of IPV6 & Dual stack over IPV4 only
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
2006 2007 2008
Year
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Proportion of IPV6 &Dual stack over IPV4only
Data at year end
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IPv6 traffic : from some drops to a trickle, the IPv4 dam is leaking
AMS-IX (Amsterdam)Free (France)
0
20
40
60
80
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Freenet 6 traffic level in Montreal (95th percentile)
As presented at RIPE
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Some final thoughts
Technological evolution of subsea cable capacity has been astounding
Ownership of subsea cable capacity and cable build initiatives has shifted dramatically from the West to the East over the last five years.
Rapid shift from mature western markets to emerging economies.
Satisfying customers in a mobile internet and multimedia world will necessitate considerable amounts of global bandwidth
Start transition to IPv6 now; internet fragmentation is just unthinkable in a global economy betting its telecommunications future on IP convergence.
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