Substance AbuseIntroduction

Types of drugs and their effects

Causes Treatment

ImpactStrategies for prevention

IntroductionIntroduction

Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, refers to a Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, refers to a maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not considered maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not considered dependent. Some of the drugs most often associated with this dependent. Some of the drugs most often associated with this term include alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, etc.term include alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, etc.

Addiction to these substances leads to their abuse. Addiction to these substances leads to their abuse.

Abuse of both legal and illegal drugs.Abuse of both legal and illegal drugs.

Types of DrugsTypes of Drugs

Marijuana:Marijuana:

Cannabis, also known as marijuana refers to Cannabis, also known as marijuana refers to

any number of preparations of the  any number of preparations of the  Cannabis plant intended for use as Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or a psychoactive drug or for medicinal purposes. for medicinal purposes.

The typical herbal form of cannabis consists The typical herbal form of cannabis consists of the flowers and subtending leaves and of the flowers and subtending leaves and stalks of mature pistil late female plants. stalks of mature pistil late female plants. The resinous form of the drug is known The resinous form of the drug is known as hashish (or merely as 'hash'). as hashish (or merely as 'hash').

Effects - Cannabis Effects - Cannabis has psychoactive and physiological effects. has psychoactive and physiological effects.

Increased heart rateIncreased heart rate Lowered blood pressureLowered blood pressure Impairment of short-term and working Impairment of short-term and working

memory memory Psychomotor coordinationPsychomotor coordination Lack of ConcentrationLack of Concentration

LSD:LSD:

Lysergic acid diethylamide is a Lysergic acid diethylamide is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug of semisynthetic psychedelic drug of the ergoline family. It is used the ergoline family. It is used mainly as mainly as an entheogen, recreational drug, an entheogen, recreational drug, and as an agent in psychedelic and as an agent in psychedelic therapy. therapy. Effects- the physical effects are:Effects- the physical effects are:Pupil dilationPupil dilationReduced appetiteReduced appetiteWakefulnessWakefulnessNumbnessNumbnessWeaknessWeaknessNauseaNauseaElevated blood sugarElevated blood sugarIncrease in heart rateIncrease in heart rateJaw clenchingJaw clenchingPerspirationPerspirationSleeplessnessSleeplessnessTremorsTremors

Ecstasy – MDMA :

Commonly known as ecstasy, often abbreviated as "E" or "X“ is an entactogenic drug. MDMA can induce euphoria, a sense of intimacy with others, and diminished anxiety.

Effects – The effects of Ecstasy are:

Nausea Sweating Increased blood pressure Increased body temperature Decreased aggression Lower vocabulary scores Depression Tremors Blurred vision Tissue and organ failure Acute renal (kidney) failure

Cocaine :

Cocaine is made from the leaves of the coca shrub, which grows in the mountain regions of South American countries such as Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru .It is a white crystalline powder.

Effects – The harmful effects that can be seen are:

Irregular heart beat Heart attack Chest pain Respiratory failure Stroke Seizures and headaches Abdominal pain and nausea Enlarged pupils Increased breathing rate Insomnia Eating disorders and weight loss

Causes

Peer pressure - Friends may force you to take drugs.

Stress - Only way to release your stress.

Problems with dealing with reality - Trying to escape from reality.

Depression - When depressed you tend to turn to alcohol and/or drugs.

Imitation of elders or celebrities – Most people tend to imitate what they see their elders or celebrities doing.

Impact of DRUGS

Physical Risks - Drug abuse can negatively affect every system of the human body. Organ function, circulatory and hormone systems, fertility, and brain chemistry, function and structure are all at risk.

Psychological Risk - With prolonged use, drugs can cause significant and permanent psychological damage; young drug abusers are at a higher risk for developing mental disorders, like depression and anxiety.

Behavioral Changes - Serious changes in behavior is a common sign of drug use in young people, including withdrawal from family, a resentful attitude, violence or aggression, risky sexual behavior, and abandoning old friendships.

Poor School Performance - Drug use has a serious impact on a child's education; typical signs include falling grades, withdrawal from regular school activities, increased absence and dropping out.

Addiction - The biggest consequence of drug abuse is addiction, which amplifies every other drug-associated consequence; young people typically don't even realize that they have crossed the line to addiction.

Strategies for the future Strategies for the future

► Teaching Prevention in SchoolsTeaching Prevention in Schools - Schools can play a powerful - Schools can play a powerful role in prevention as teachers and administrators often are the role in prevention as teachers and administrators often are the first to detect warning signs of possible drug problems.first to detect warning signs of possible drug problems.

► Reaching youths Outside SchoolReaching youths Outside School - Communities should - Communities should implement after-school programs that include substance abuse implement after-school programs that include substance abuse prevention.prevention.

► Drug educationDrug education – Drug education programs should be – Drug education programs should be conducted to educate the public about the harmful effects of conducted to educate the public about the harmful effects of drug addiction.drug addiction.

► Society programs need to strengthen normsSociety programs need to strengthen norms – The society – The society should be more firm with their norms and take strict action if should be more firm with their norms and take strict action if violated especially if it comes to drugsviolated especially if it comes to drugs . .

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