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SUBSTANCEABUSE

SREELEKSHMI F

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DEFENITION

Self administraton of a drug for non medicalreasons, in quantities and frequencies whichmay impair an individuals ability to functioneffectively, and which may result in social ,physical or emotional harm.

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Agent factors

1. alcohol

2. opiods

3. cannabinoids

4. sedatives or hypnotics

5. Cocaine

6. other stimulants including caffeine

7. Hallucinogens8. Tobacco

9. Volatile substances

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alcohol

Primary and continuous cns depressant.

Psychic dependence and physical

dependence. Increased number of young people have

started consuming alcohol.

Aetiological factor insuicide,accidents,violence etc

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tobacco

3 milllion premature deaths.

30% of all cancers in developed countries.

Smoking as Symbol of adult behaviour.

SmokingPeer pressure Eg from family

Employed outside

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Women smokers at a greater risk

in pregnancy

Passive smoking.

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cannabis

Obtained from hemp plants

Hashish/ charas ; bhanj ; ganja

Marijuana Incorporated into cigarettes/ drinks/food

dreamy state of altered consciousness.

There is psychic dependence.

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Amphetamines& cocaine

Amphetamines: Act on cns

Superman drugs

Psychic dependence

Cocaine:

Cns stimulant No tolerance/ physical dependence

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barbiturates

Sedatives

Leads to craving or both physical and psychicdependence.

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heroin

Narcotic analgesic

Craving, psychic dependence

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LSD

Psychotogenic

Alters the normal structuring of perception

Colours are heard & sound is palpable. Subjective time is deranged

No physical dependence.

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caffeine

Most commonly used

Tea,coffee, cola drinks

Caffeinism: anxiety, agitation,restlessness,insomnia

Withdrawal symptoms

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Host factors

Motives: pleasure, desire to experiment,sense of adventure, desire to escape

Many show symptoms of social &psychological maladjustment.

Average age of drug users has decreased.

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Environmental factors

Rapid technological development- extendedperiod of education

Television, world travel, affluence, freedom tospeculate & experiment

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Symptoms of drug addiction

1. loss of interest in sports/daily routines

2. Loss of appetite & body wt

3. Unsteady gait,clumsy movements,tremors4. Reddening & puffiness of eyes, unclear

vision

5. Slurring of speech6. Fresh,numerous injection marks on body

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Nausea, vomiting, body pain

Drowsiness/ sleepiness

Anxiety, depression

Changing mood,temper, tantrums

Depersonalisation

Impaired memory & concentration

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PREVENTION

Legal approach

Community approach

Educational approach

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Legal approach

To impose partial restriction/make a drugcompletely unavailable

Antismoking measures:1. Prohibiting sale of tobacco products to minors

2. Restriction of sale of cigarettes from automaticvending machines

3. Prohibition of smoking in schools

4. Prohibition of smoking in public places

5. Prohibition of cigarette advertising

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6. Establishment of mandatory public health education

7. Insisting on placing of mandatory health warning oncigarette packs

Raise minimum age at which minors may legallyhave acess to alcohol.

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Educational approach

Educational programmes for school children

Information campaigns on electronic media

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Community approach

Initiate preventive approach in community

Provision of alternative activities which mayhelp to prevent substance abuse.

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Treatment

Medical care includes:1. Identification & motivation

2. Detoxification

3. Post detoxification counselling & follow up

4. rehabilitation

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rehabilitation

Long & difficult process

Adoption of mature & realistic attitude bylocal community.

Vocational training, provision of shelteredwork opportunities.

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thankyou