Substation Presentation V2

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High Voltage Substation

Copyright by:

AREVA Energietechnik GmbHDr. Uwe KaltenbronBerlin, Germany

Prof.Dr.-Ing. Armin SchnettlerRWTH Aachen University

Modification and Presentation by

Asst. Prof. Dr. Teratam BunyagulKMUTNB

Air Insulated Substation

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Softwarehttp://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.

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AIS

Introduction

Substation: nodal points in power system

Internationally standardized voltage level:

66 kV, 110 kV, 132 kV, 150 kV, 220 kV, 380 kV

500 kV*, 800 kV*

* For very long transmission distances


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Introduction

Introduction

Tasks of substation:

Distribution power towards load circuit

Separation of different network groups

(reduction of short circuit power)

Coupling of different voltage level via power transformers

Measuring, signaling and monitoring of network data

(e.g. U, I, P, Q, f)


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Substation designConventional substations (AIS): Construction according to standardized minimal distances (clearance)

between phase and earth

Normally used for outdoor substations, just in very few cases used for indoor substations

Base on single power system equipments

Replacement of single equipment by equipments from other manufacturers is possible.

GIS : replacement bay-by-bay; even this is difficult

Simply to expand (in case that space is not an issue)

Excellent overview, simple handling and easy access

Minimum clearance in air according to IEC 61936-1

Nominal voltage of

system

Highestvoltage for equipment

Rated shortduration power frequency withstand voltage

Rated lightning impulse withstand

voltage

Minimum phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase

clearance (N)

Un

r.m.s.Um

r.m.s.r.m.s. 1.2/50 s

(peak value)

kV kV kV kV mm

110 123 185

230

450

550

900

1100

220 245 275

325

360

395

460

650

750

850

950

1050

1300

1500

1700

1900

2100


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Minimum clearance in air according to IEC 61936-1

Nominal voltage

of system

Highestvoltage

for equipment

Rated shortduration power

frequency withstand

voltage

Ratedswitching impulse

withstand voltage

Minimum phase-to-earth clearance

Ratedswitching impulse

withstand voltage

Minimum phase-to-phase clearance

Un

r.m.s.Um

r.m.s.1.2/50 s

(peak value)Phase-to-

earth 250/2500 s (peak

value)

ConductorTo

structure

RodTo

structure

Phase-to-phase

250/2500 s (peakvalue)

ConductorTo

Conductor parallel

RodTo

Conductor

kV kV kV kV mm kV mm

380 420 1050/1175 850 19002200

2400 1360 2900 3400

1175/1300 950 22002400

2900 1425 3100 3600

1300/1425 1050 2600 3400 1575 3600 4200

Planning of substationsBasis requirements for new substations: Optimal location of substations within power system (load flow, short-

circuit, customer requirements, long term planning, land space)

Selection of substation design

Calculation of short-circuit currents and long term development (ratings)

Selection of power system requirements

Adaption of design according to available space, fixing of busbar configuration (e.g. using wire conductor or tubular conductor)

Detailed planning of

Primary and secondary equipment

Auxiliary equipment

Basement, steel structure

Building, earthing system


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Planning of substatation

Important standards for power system installations:

IEC 61936-1 Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c.- Part 1: Common rules

Substation configurations

Design planning of a substation normally starts with the development of the electrical single line diagram:

Single line diagram:

Number of busbars and substation bays including the relevant equipment

Selection of substation layout depends on

Its importance within the power system (power system reliability in case of failures and maintenance activities)

Power system operation


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Substation configurationSingle busbar configuration

Substation configuration

Double busbars configuration


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Double busbars configuration with U-from

Substation configurationTriple busbars configuration


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Substation configurationDouble busbars configuration with bypass bus

Substation configurationDouble busbars configuration with bypass disconnector


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1 1/2 – breaker configuration


Ring busbar configuration


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H - configuration

Substation configurationBusbar coupling/sectionalizing

Busbar coupling Busbar sectionalizing and coupling


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Switchyard layouts

Named based on the switchyard configuration and the location of the

busbar disconnectors

Criteria to choose the switchyard layout are:

Available land

Requirements by power system operator

Economical requirement

Based on voltage level, main purpose (e.g. main transformer station,

load-centre substation) different switchyard layouts have shown

technical and economical advantages.

Classical layout115-kV-outdoor AIS bay


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Classical layout Centre-break disconnector or vertical-break disconnector

are arranged side by side in line with the feeder below the busbars

Application up to 220 kV Today, not so often used

Advantages: Narrow spacing between bays Excellent ways for maintenance of busbars and busbar

disconnectors

Disadvantages: Higher costs for portal structures and for means for means

of tensioning the wires At least one busbar are spanned by connecting wires

115-kV-outdoor AIS bay

In-line layout


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In-line layout

Poles of busbar Centre-break disconnectors stand in line with the busbars

Application up to 132 kV

Advantages: Lower costs for steel structures are means of tensioning the wires

(in case of tubular portals are needed only for the outgoing overhead lines)

Busbars not spanned by connecting wires

Disadvantages: Wide spacing of bays Maintenance at busbars more difficult longer planned outage times In case of short circuit higher loading of post insulators

Transverse layout115-kV-outdoor AIS bay


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Transverse layout

Busbar disconnectors are in a row at right angles to the busbar Busbar can be of wire or tube (busbar can be directly installed on

busbar disconnectors) Application up to 245 kV

Advantages: Narrow spacing between bays(width) Excellent access to busbars

Disadvantages: Wide spacing of substation (depth) All busbars are spanned by connecting wires

110-kV-outdoor AIS bay, busbar above

Diagonal layout


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Pantograph disconnector

110-kV-outdoor AIS bay, busbar below

Diagonal layout


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Diagonal layout

Single column disconnectors as busbar disconnector are

arranged diagonally with reference to the basbars

Busbar arrange below (buabars are mounted on the

disconnectors) or above the busbar disconnector

Busbar can be of wire or tube

Reduced land usage

Application especially for 220 kV and 380 kV (land usage)

Diagonal layout

Busbar above:

Busbar portals with relatively big hight; dimensioned for high mechanical forces

More difficult access to busbar

Excellent maintenance access to busbar disconnectors

Busbar below:

Busbar mounted directly on disconnector → reduced means for portals

Excellent access to busbars

Maintenance on disconnectors require de-energzing of complete busbar


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Busbars

All layouts can be installed with either wire or tube busbars:

Wire busbar:

Today mainly Al/St- oder Aldrey (AlMgSi)-wires

Span width up to 50 m

For high current ratings up to four conductors required (per phase)

Conductors mounted using tension insulators (porcelain, cap-and–pin insulator)

In order to protect insulator against flashovers use of arcing horns common

In case of short circuit currents additional mechanical stresses will appear. Double pole short-circuit currents critical due to maximum deflection (approximation) after fault clearance.

Busbars

Tubular busbars (preferred for new substation):

AIMgSi-tube (outer diameter 50-300 mm, thickness 4-12 mm) Advantageous for high current ratings Due to lower mechanical forces (spanning forces) reduced means

for steel and fundaments Additional means for post insulators and mounting material Spanning distance exceeding 20 m Use of welded tubes up to lengths of 140 m Higher wind load forces, damping of oscillations using inserted

wires In short circuit cases additional bending moments. Resonant

frequencies of busbar in the range of power frequency or double power frequenices have to be avoided.


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Substation Presentation V2

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