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Substation Reliability
Community Insights Conference
August 20-22, 2014
Vail, CO
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2014 Electric T&D Benchmarking
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Substation Agenda
◼ Overview Benchmarking Issues Key Findings and Trends
◼ Performance Profiles & Trends Reliability and Availability Measures
◼ 2014 Benchmarking Results Initiatives Analysis
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Overview
Key Issues in Reliability
Benchmarking Issues◼ Contribution to SAIDI, SAIFI as primary measure◼ Changed the profile last year to include Momentary, Sustained, and Total
Outage Frequency rates for Substation Equipment Failures + Protective System Failures, and remove the percent time transformers out of service measures
◼ Transmission vs. Distribution Split◼ Transformer Failures
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Substation Reliability
Statistics
◼ The impact of substation components on distribution reliability (customer interruption) statistics is of interest. These include SAIDI and SAIFI. The Substation SAIDI and SAIFI here is from causes that originate “within the substation fence”. An example of this follows: A cable failure outside the substation occurs, the protecting feeder breaker fails to trip due to a
relay mis-operation, and the back-up device trips out the substation transformer, causing an interruption to the original feeder with the cable fault, as well as 3 additional feeders on the same transformer. The outage of the feeder with the cable failure is not counted in “substation” (its cause is “distribution equipment failure”), but the outage of the other 3 feeders is counted in “substation”.
◼ Independent of customer outages, we have tabulated the % of time substation transformers are out of service, both automatic and non-automatic
◼ We are now able to show measures that relate to substation effects on Transmission Circuit outage rates using results from the Transmission Reliability survey.
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Summary and conclusions
◼ There has been little change in the initiatives to reduce frequency or duration of outages. Slight change in the list or order for “reduce frequency”
• No initiatives were listed under “Other” for “reduce frequency” Slight change in order for “reduce duration of customer outages”
◼ Distribution substation contribution to SAIDI and SAIFI increased this year over last.
◼ Transmission substation SAIDI and SAIFI top performers continue to perform well. Transmission substations are only significant for a few
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Profiles & Trends
Substation Reliability Profile
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2013YE 2012YE
Mean Q1 Q2 Q3# of Bars
Mean Q1 Q2 Q3# of Bars
Contribution to Network Reliability Substation Contribution to SAIFI 0.102 0.040 0.090 0.140 13 0.096 0.018 0.042 0.133 16
Transmission Substations - SAIFI 0.036 0.000 0.001 0.072 11 0.043 0.000 0.000 0.049 11
Distribution Substations - SAIFI 0.072 0.036 0.087 0.109 13 0.067 0.018 0.040 0.100 16
Substation Contribution to SAIDI 6.55 1.67 4.00 10.52 13 5.91 1.73 1.96 5.51 16
Transmission Substations - SAIDI 1.58 0.00 0.03 2.10 11 2.11 0.00 0.00 1.73 12
Distribution Substations - SAIDI 5.21 1.54 4.00 7.21 13 4.33 1.73 1.94 4.31 16
Substation Availability
Transformer failures per 1000 Transformers
Transmission Substations - Failures 25.78 0.00 4.05 26.37 11 26.96 0.00 8.28 32.01 10
Distribution Substations - Failures 9.07 0.00 3.43 4.59 12 9.84 0.89 4.86 7.82 14
SOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq <200kV
0.036 0.006 0.028 0.055 12 0.073 0.026 0.059 0.077 13
MOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq <200kV
0.030 0.004 0.020 0.045 10 0.019 0.007 0.015 0.030 12
TOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq <200kV 0.061 0.010 0.062 0.078 12 0.090 0.059 0.080 0.090 13
SOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq >200kV 0.041 0.000 0.029 0.052 11 0.076 0.041 0.085 0.098 10
MOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq >200kV 0.021 0.000 0.009 0.043 10 0.030 0.008 0.010 0.047 8
TOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, plus Failed Prot Sys Eq >200kV 0.060 0.000 0.062 0.088 11 0.101 0.084 0.093 0.137 10
T&D Substation Contribution to SAIDI
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Transmission Substations Distribution Substations
Substation Reliability Pg 6, 7Source: DR30
Distribution subs performance is not as good except for 1st quartile, transmission is worse due to high numbers from 6 companies, and all others were zero.
2013 2014
Mean 2.11 1.46
Quartile 1 0.00 0.00
Quartile 2 0.00 0.09
Quartile 3 1.73 1.57
2013 2014
Mean 4.33 5.07
Quartile 1 1.73 1.57
Quartile 2 1.94 3.60
Quartile 3 4.31 7.10
Total Substation Contribution to SAIDI
10Substation Reliability Pg 5
Source: DR30
Total substation contribution to SAIDI stats show increased mean, similar top quartile, and significantly increased median and 3rd quartile.
2013 2014
Mean 5.91 6.33
Quartile 1 1.73 1.79
Quartile 2 1.96 3.70
Quartile 3 5.51 9.58
Distribution Substation Contribution to SAIDI Trend
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The mean shows little change from 2009 to 2013. Top quartile slightly worse.
T&D Substation Contribution to SAIFI
12Substation Reliability Pg 2
Source: DR40
Generally the proportional contribution to total SAIFI is higher than that to total SAIDI because substation outages usually have a shorter duration than distribution caused outages (mean CAIDI for substation outages is 68 min. vs. 93 min. for all outages, excluding major events).
Mean was about equal to last year, but first and second quartile were worse.
2013 2014
Mean 0.096 0.100
Quartile 1 0.018 0.041
Quartile 2 0.042 0.090
Quartile 3 0.133 0.133
Distribution Substation Contribution to SAIFI Trend
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The mean shows little change from 2009 to 2013. Top quartile is somewhat better. Median is worse. Third quartile is virtually unchanged
Benchmarking Results
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Allocation of Substation Contribution to SAIDI
15Substation Reliability Pg 12
Source: SR20
On Average, the most predominant are:1. Failed Equipment2. Weather Related3. Foreign Interference4. Human Error
Allocation of Substation Contribution to SAIFI
16Substation Reliability Pg 13
Source: SR25
On Average, the most predominant are:1. Failed Equipment2. Weather Related3. Human Error4. Power System
Condition
Transformer Failure Rate per 1,000 Transformers
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Transmission Distribution
Substation Reliability Pg 8, 9Source: SR10, ST100, ST105
Several companies have zero rates, but a few are considerably higher. Apparently high rates in transmission are probably due to low total numbers of transformers.
2013 2014
Mean 27.0 25.78
Quartile 1 0.0 0.00
Quartile 2 8.3 4.05
Quartile 3 32.0 26.37
2013 2014
Mean 9.8 9.07
Quartile 1 0.9 0.00
Quartile 2 4.9 3.43
Quartile 3 7.8 4.59
SOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, Plus Failed Prot Sys Eq
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< 200 kV > 200 kV
Substation Reliability Pg 16, 17Source: ST120, TR25
Results are much better than last year.
2013 2014
Mean 0.073 0.0364
Quartile 1 0.026 0.0056
Quartile 2 0.059 0.0276
Quartile 3 0.077 0.0545
2013 2014
Mean 0.076 0.0408
Quartile 1 0.041 0.0000
Quartile 2 0.085 0.0286
Quartile 3 0.098 0.0519
MOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, Plus Failed Prot Sys Eq
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< 200 kV > 200 kV
Substation Reliability Pg 14, 15Source: ST120, TR35
Results were worse for <200kV, better for >200kV this year.
2013 2014
Mean 0.020 0.0299
Quartile 1 0.007 0.0036
Quartile 2 0.015 0.0200
Quartile 3 0.030 0.0454
2013 2014
Mean 0.030 0.0208
Quartile 1 0.008 0.0000
Quartile 2 0.010 0.0089
Quartile 3 0.047 0.0425
TOF from Failed AC Sub Eq, Plus Failed Prot Sys Eq
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< 200 kV > 200 kV
Substation Reliability Pg 18, 19Source: ST120, TR25, TR35
Results are much better than last year
2013 2014
Mean 0.091 0.0614
Quartile 1 0.059 0.0102
Quartile 2 0.080 0.0615
Quartile 3 0.090 0.0779
2013 2014
Mean 0.100 0.0597
Quartile 1 0.084 0.0000
Quartile 2 0.093 0.0615
Quartile 3 0.137 0.0876
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Most popular:1. Preventive maintenance2. Animal abatement3. Replace obsolete controls (last year 4)4. Root cause analysis (last year 3)5. No “Other”
Substation Reliability Pg 22Source: SR30
Most Successful Initiatives TO Reduce the Frequency of Outages to Customers (1 = Lowest, 3 = Highest)
Initiative 21 22 23 24 27 28 30 31 32 33 359 38 40 Total
Animal abatement 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 21
Replace obsolete controls 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 3 18
Preventive Maintenance 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 28
Root Cause Analysis 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 15
Other 0
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Initiatives to Reduce Duration of Outages to Customers Have Been the Most Successful (1 = Lowest, 3 = Highest)
Initiative 21 22 23 27 28 30 31 32 33 359 38 40 Total
Autochangeover schemes 1 2 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 21
Distribution automation 3 1 3 1 1 2 11
Relay faultlocating 2 1 1 3 1 2 3 2 15
Spare or mobile transformers 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 13
Other 1 2 3 6
Substation Reliability Pg 24Source: SR35
Most popular:1. Auto changeover Schemes (Last year 1)2. Relay Fault Locating (Last year 4) 3. Spare or Mobile Transformers (Last year 3)4. Distribution Automation (Last Year 2)5. “Other” inclluded
• Multi - shot reclosing• Redundancy in the system, SCADA
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Total reported sustained outage events from all respondents
Total Events = 118
About 21% of sustained outages are due to substation causes.
Thank you for your Input and Participation!
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