SEA - Practical Aplication of Science Volume I, Isue 2 (4) /2014 197 Ionela Corina CHIRILEASA (DEDIȚĂ) Faculty of Geography University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania SUCEAVA CITY AND ITS NEW ECONOMIC COORDONATES Empirical study Keywords: Economic restructuring, Services, Exploitation of natural resources, Microenterprises JEL Classification R11 Abstract In the context of the market economy, Suceava, urban development pole of the North- Eastern Region, defines more clearly its social–economic coordinates that tend to enroll it. If the commercial function led to the acquisition of an urban state and to the future development of the city until the interwar period, the 5 th - 9th decades of the 20thcentury induce significant functional changes in the evolution of Suceava as an urban center. Nowadays, after a period of economic transition, marked by the radical industrial restructuring, Suceava defines more clearly the role of the urban center for services, which exerts a powerful attraction on its influence area. This article intends to analyze the socio- economic functional changes that mark Suceava nowadays compared to previous periods and to identify the factors responsible for generating this change.
Transcript
SEA - Practical Aplication of ScienceVolume I, Isue 2 (4) /2014
197
Ionela Corina CHIRILEASA (DEDIȚĂ)Faculty of Geography
University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
SUCEAVA CITY AND ITSNEW ECONOMIC
COORDONATES
Empiricalstudy
Keywords:Economic restructuring,
Services,Exploitation of natural resources,
Microenterprises
JEL ClassificationR11
Abstract
In the context of the market economy, Suceava, urban development pole of the North-Eastern Region, defines more clearly its social–economic coordinates that tend to enroll it. Ifthe commercial function led to the acquisition of an urban state and to the futuredevelopment of the city until the interwar period, the 5th- 9th decades of the 20thcenturyinduce significant functional changes in the evolution of Suceava as an urban center.Nowadays, after a period of economic transition, marked by the radical industrialrestructuring, Suceava defines more clearly the role of the urban center for services, whichexerts a powerful attraction on its influence area. This article intends to analyze the socio-economic functional changes that mark Suceava nowadays compared to previous periods andto identify the factors responsible for generating this change.
SEA - Practical Aplication of ScienceVolume I, Isue 2 (4) /2014
198
IntroductionSuceava is an urban system with its own
identity in the regional and national landscape, itsphysiognomy and functionality being affected bythe changes that occurred over time on its surface.The gradual emergence of the new urban functionscorrelated with the development of the existingones and interdependent with the demographicfactor, defined the specific economic profile ofdifferent historical periods. If until the postwarperiod, Suceava developed mainly as an urbancenter with a predominant commercial -administrative function, the socialist periodrepresented a stage of radical transformation of thecity through the forced industrialization imposedby the state leadership. Subsequently, the post-socialist transition period was a milestone in whichthe city followed the restoration of the economicbalance, through the exploitation of opportunitiesgenerated by the natural environment in which theurban center is located as well as by theanthropogenic factors. Nowadays, Suceava seemsto define more clearly its role of an administrativeand services urban center, focused on trade,transport, education, without giving up the fullindustrial activities.
2. Frames of the economic development ofSuceava up to the post – socialist era
The transformation of Suceava from arural into an urban settlement was a long andgradual process, which can be located at the end ofthe 13th century and the first half of the 14thcentury. E. I. Emandi (1996) showed, 1388 is theyear when Suceava was mentioned twice. Firstly,in this year, Dimitrie Cantemir noted in his"Descriptio Moldaviae" that the settlement wasdocumentary attested on 10th February 1388, by anact signed by prince Peter I Musat, about the loanthat the king of Poland asked from him". Secondly,also in 1388, Suceava city is mentioned effectivelyas an urban settlement, in a document issued by theArmenian Catholicos, Theodoros II, on the 18thAugust 1388, in which the Armenians from severalcities, including those from Suceava, were listed assubjects of the episcopal jurisdiction fromLviv(Emandi E.I., 1996, quoting on G. Petrowicz,1967, p.115). These first references from 1388 ofthe Fortress of Suceava and Suceava city, isparticularly suggestive for further development ofthe city which will be characterized by this duality:the Fortressand the city (Emandi, 1996, p. 45).
The rapid development of this settlementto an urban one was firstly influenced by itsadvantageous position at the junction of threeimportant roads at that time: “drumulmoldovenesc” which spread to the north to Lvivandto Galați in the south; “Drumul de sus” or “DrumulSucevei”, which linked Suceava to Bistrița andRodna and continued eastward to “Drumul
tătăresc” and “Drumul cel Mare al Sucevei” whichstarted from Suceava to Fălticeni, on MoldovaValley towards Pașcani (Emandi E.I. and al., 1989,p.21). This geographical position offered Suceavathe role of a valued settlement for the villages fromits hinterland, representing a mediator of exchangeof goods for the groups of villages with acomplementary economy within a lenght of about15-20 km. In this context, the first economicfunction is distinguished which was the basis for itsfurther development named "the market valley"function(Emandi, 1996, p. 41, quoting PanaintescuP.P., 1969, p.282.).
The same central position of Suceava, inrelation with the roads that came from Poland(Lwow) and Transylvania (Bistrita) was a reasonfor Prince Petru I Musat to establish the capital ofMoldavia at Suceava, in 1377 or 1381 up to 1385(Panaitescu M.D., 1963, p. 67-70; Gorovei Șt.,1996, p.3) rather than Siret. The taking out of thisnew function, namely of the capital of Moldavia, atthe end of the 14th century, the building of thefortified points, The Fortress and The West Castlerepresented the premises for the development of thecity as layout, structure and appearance. This way,Suceava accumulated, since the late 14th century,all the attributes of a real city: specialized craftproduction, permanent activity of exchange, apolitical, administrative and cultural centre (EIEmandi et al., 1989, p. 21).
Between 1774 – 1918,Suceava was a partof Bucovina Region, being under the rule of theHabsburg Empire. Once integrated into theHabsburg Empire, the city has reduced the range ofeconomic action, transforming it from a citysituated in the north-west of Moldova into anisolated town edge, within the empire.Nevertheless, after 1775, M. Ceauşu, E.I. Emaldi(1988) show we can speak about a certaineconomic recovery and even about theestablishment of the capitalist relations earlier thanin the rest of Moldova. In 1786, Suceava is raisedat the rank of "free trade city" with its ownadministration of the municipality. The main goalwas to transform the city by reason of its favorableposition for trade between Moldavia, Transylvaniaand Poland, in a thriving commercial and craftscenter to contribute at the increasing exchangebetween city and village, as well as the trade withthe neighbouring countries (Emandi EI, 1996, p.118). A leading event which will revive theeconomy of Suceava is represented by the offerfrom Emperor Franz I, in 1815, of the freedom totake six annual fairs (Miron V. Gh., 1989, p. 605).These fairs animated across the merchants ofSuceava, Podolia, Vienna, Transylvania, andMoldavia, generating significant revenues in thetreasury of the town from collecting fees frommarket and stall (Miron V. Gh., 1989, p. 605).
SEA - Practical Aplication of ScienceVolume I, Isue 2 (4) /2014
199
In the late 19th century and early 20thcentury, the socio-economic development of thecity was marked by the construction of railwaysIţcani - Suceava and Burdujeni - Suceava, whichwould ensure a faster transport of goods. This way,the Suceava is linked in 1869 by a railway linethrough Iţcani, with other centers of Bukovina andGalicia, as well as with other areas of the westernempire, and by the railway station Burdujeni withRomania.
After the reintegration of Suceava in theurban area of Great Romania, the city's economy isstill dominated by services. The trade has a greatimportance in the development of the city, in 1930,251 commercial companies being recorded inSuceava (EI Emandi 1996, p.124, quoting StateArchives Suceava), the majority of them workingin the food industries, textile, apparel, hotels andrestaurants, wood and wood products and leather.Commercial units are small and concentrated 7.25% of the city population.
At the same time from the beginning ofthe 20th century, the transition from the craftfunction, specific to the medieval and modernperiodis carried out to the industrial function thatwould become dominant in the future. The factoryproduction focuses on harnessing of the food andthe hides. In 1933 is being made the transition frombakeries with hand kneading to the doughmechanical ones, which were based on the millsoperated by water or steam. To meet the needs ofresidents in this period an oil press develops inIţcani and later, in 1926, a sugar factory too. AsEmandi E. I. shows (1996), according to thestatistics from 1938, across the city there were: a"bacon" factory product for export, three candyfactories, a creamery, three sausages workshopsand a distillery of spirits (Emandi EI, 1996 p.153).
The industrial profile of Suceava city,before 1944, was that of a "manufacturingworkshop" (leather goods and clothing), with smallcapacity business, with an average of 75 employeesworkers (Emandi EI, 1996).
An important aspect to be noted is that,despite the ranking of urban setting of Suceava,40% of the population was still employed inagriculture (General Census Of The Population OfRomania In 1930).
After World War II, Suceava was includedin the industrial policy implemented by the centrallevel of the Romanian state. In the new context, theindustrial function is becoming increasinglyimportant, transforming Suceava from a cityfocused predominantly on services into anindustrial one, with an economic potential ofnational importance, under development anddiversification (I. Ianoş, 1987, p.73). This strongindustrialization process of the city was the keyfactor that changed the structure and physiognomyof the urban system and it generated multiple
socio-economic changes. The direct effectmaterialized in a significant increase ofemployment in the industry, the number ofemployees in this activity sector having increasedmore than five-times between 1965-1990, as it canbe seen in figure number1. In a span of twodecades, the percentage of employed from theindustry increased 1.7 times, from 32% to 55% tothe detriment of other sectors (see figure number.2). Instead, the trade, which represented abreakthrough in the development of the city untilthe interwar period, loses its advantage after WorldWar II. If in 1930, 251 commercial companies wererecorded in Suceava (Emandi EI, 1996 p.124) in1965only 179 commercial units functioned (CountyStatistics Suceava, Suceava statistical specification,vol. II). Although the number of staff employed intrade and the movement of goods doubled during1965-1985, the share of people employed in thisbranch decreased with 3% during this period, in thecontext of a developing industrial function.
It can be concluded that during the years1945 - 1990, Suceava changed its economic profile,from the predominant services function in theperiod analyzed, to industrial city services in theperiod between 1959-1965 (Şandru et al., 1961, p.464), and later to become the predominantindustrial urban center. The percent of theemployees especially in trade, transport, education,administration decreased significantly, sometimesreducing with 50%, such as the branch "Education,culture, arts, science and scientific services" (seefigure number 2). Furthermore, the secondarysector has come to hold most staff, especially thegrowth of the industry, as can be seen in Figurenumber 3.
3.Suceava`seconomyduringthe post-Decemberperiod
After the events from the year 1989, at thesame time with the transition from the centralized,a characteristic of the socialist period, to the marketeconomy, the significant changes occur in theeconomic activities. The main loser is the industry.If in 1992, the share of employed inindustrywas62%, in 2012 this indicator dropsto30% (Figure number 4), which is equivalent tothe value at the beginning of the second stage ofindustrialization of the city (1959-1970). Thesefigures are based on industrial restructuringwhich characterized the post-revolutionary periodand had the effect of changing the characteristicparameters of the industrial units.
In 1989, in Suceava there were 25 largeindustrial enterprises, of which22belonged to thestate and three cooperatives. Most of them countedmore than 500employees,with a minimum of108employees for "Manufacturer" Cooperative and amaximum exceeding 6000 employees for theComplex of Cellulose and Paper (Suceava County
SEA - Practical Aplication of ScienceVolume I, Isue 2 (4) /2014
200
Statistics). Gradually, these units will significantlyreduce the number of employees or disappear fromthe industrial landscape. Furthermore, after 1990,the majority were becoming micro, small andmedium enterprises. Thus, in 1991in Suceava therewere 100 companies with production profile(Lupchian, 2010, p. 195, quoting Trade RegisterSuceava). By 2013, the number of companies withan activity object in the mining and manufacturingindustry will reach at436units (Suceava TradeRegister Office, 2013), but less than half remainactive (as indicators of annual financial statementson December 31, 2013 consigned at the localoffices of the Ministry of Finance), achieving aturnover of less than 0 lei.
The most effective enterprises in terms oflabor productivity are those which activate in thepulp and paper industry, achieving 32% of the totalturnover in manufacturing in 2013, using only 12%of the employees from the industry (figure number5).
SC Ambro SA, the unit that took over theassets of Pulp and Paper Winery after 1990,achieved in 2013 a turnover equal to 209,437,087lei, which represents 29% of the total turnoverachieved in manufacturing. Through the 481employees who contributed to this turnover, it isthe second largest unit from the category of bigenterprises that is working in Suceava`s industry.The second factory from this industry is SC AlmaViva Group, which through its 81 employees isfalling in the category of the medium-sizedenterprises from Suceava.
However, the industries which concentratethe largest number of employees are represented bythe food and textile, clothing and foot wearindustry (Figure number 6). SC Betty IceCreamFactory SRL is the largest employer from theindustry, counting 689 employees in 2013. Its turnover, in the amount of86,791,608lei,represents12%ofthe total turn over achieved in 2013 from all thecompanies operating in manufacturing. In thecategory of medium-sized companies operating inthe food industry are included six factories. S.CBemas S.A continues the activity of alcohol, beer,starchy section of Radauti Enterprise, founded in1974 on Şcheia platform. In 2013 it achieved thefifth large stturn over from the industry, with avalue of23,653,855 lei. Milk processing industry isrepresented by the SC Bucovina SA. The companyis a traditional producer of dairy products (freshmilk, yoghurt, buttermilk, cream, butter, kefir,cheese, diet yoghurt) and ice cream, which madeaturn over of18,187,016lei (the sixth largestindustry) using 127employees. The Manufactureindustry of grain mill and bakery is represented inSuceava by Coza Rux SRL (counting 104employees, achieved a turn over ofUSD13,080,547.00) and Belpan SRL (with 50employees and a turn over of£2,686,662). SC
Facos SA and SC Carpatis SRL activate in themanufacture of meat products numbering in 201374117employees. Together they achieved aturnoverof22,182,370lei.
SC Starmod SA, the "successor" ofConfectia Factory, which had in the 1980s over1,800 employees, is the only large unit fromSuceava which works in the textile, clothing andfootwear industry. In 2013, through the 271employees, it ranked the third place among theenterprises from Suceava, according to the criteriaissued by Eurostat.
In the category of the medium-sizedcompanies with over50 employees, only four unitsfrom textile, clothing and footwear industryoperate. The former foot wear enterprise"Străduința" continues its activity through SCModin SA. With213employees in 2013, thecompany counted less than 10% of employees from"the main factory" from1990. In 1995SCDenisSRLwas founded having the object of activity thefootwear. Using the 212 employees, SC Denis SRLrealized in 2013 a turnover of 29,577,864 worth,which ranked the fifth among the active firms inthe industry. Moda Lux - Craftsman CooperativeSociety and Texty Garments SRL are twocompanies each having more than 70employees,they have the object of activity the clothing andthey performed together in 2013a turnoverof5,408,285lei.
The wood industry, the symbolic branchof Suceava is currently represented by S.CMoldoMexSRL., a medium-sized enterprise whichhadin 2013, 119employees. This has inherited thetradition of the Wood Processing Plant, which wasoriginally converted in 1990, in SC Mobstrat SA(MM Lupchian, 2010, p.202). In 2002, this factorywas associated with Mobexpert, establishing thecurrent SC Mex SRL Moldova. With a turnoverof10,516,039 lei, it is based on the production ofvarious types of furniture, chairs and tables,exporting about35-40% of itsoutput(www.moldomex.ro).InSuceava 31 othercompanies active in the wood processing industryhave been identified, especially in the manufactureof furniture. Nine of them belong to smallcompanies category, with a staff of between 10-49employees (S.F.M. Impex SRL, Pro Mobila SRL,Dinadrom SRL, SC G.P.C. SRL, SC Forex SA,Mobispeed SRL, TehnicProiect SRL, TransvalSRL, Prototip Prod SRL),while the other22aremicro firms(firme.ro correlated with the annualfinancial statements on December 31,2013consigned at the local offices of the Ministryof Finance).
The automobile industry has experienceda great boom in the socialist period through thedevelopment of the Auto Mechanical Enterprise,the Undertaking of Equipment and Spare Parts, theAuto Repair Undertaking and Undertaking
SEA - Practical Aplication of ScienceVolume I, Isue 2 (4) /2014
201
"Rulmentul". If each of them had over1500employees, today there are 38 active companies inthis industrial branch using a workforce of 627employees and realizing a turnover equivalent96,709,537 lei in 2013. Only four of the mareframing into the category of medium-sizedcompanies with a number of employees fluctuatingbetween 53 and238 people. The largest is SidemSRL, the commercial company which made a turnover equal to 68,702,019USD. It began workin2001with the sole share holder SC. Sidem NVBelgium. Since the beginning of their activity andso far the company has profiled firstly on theproduction of auto parts and accessories, for motorvehicles imported, but also for the domesticproduction. The target marketis mainly the partsbut the company policy takes into account themanufacturing companies in the automobileindustry–for the first assembly. The production ofparts of SC Sidem SRL Romaniais exported inover40 countries worldwide (info Sidem srl).
S.C Urb Rulmenți Suceava SA is thesuccessor of The "Rulmentul" Enterprise from theindustrial platform Şcheia. The number ofemployees has decreased steadily since 1996, whenthe company counted 1,901 employees (MMLupchian, 2010, p. 200). In 2013it achieved a turnover of7,783,020 lei using a work force of80employees. The company is focused onproducing bearing components (rings, bearings,rollers, cages, caps) and bearing assembly. URBSuceava Romaniais the only manufacturer that hasfacilities to manufacture bearings rings both barsand tubing. Bearing design, manufacturingtechnologies and tools are performed in theDepartment of Planning and Development URBSuceava (http://www.urb-s.ro/aboutus.php).
The production of devices, appliances andmedical instruments and laboratory is performed byseven companies that are operating in Suceava. SCGenko Med Group SA is the only medium-sizedenterprise, which achieved in 2013, with the helpof 73 employees, a turnover of 2,424,296 lei. SCElimecro SRL is the fourth medium-sizedenterprise operating in the automobile industry,having as the object of activity the generalmechanical operations.
The electricity industry is firstlyrepresented by SC Thermal SA. The object ofactivity of SC Thermal S. A. is the production andsupply of electricity for the National Power Grid,heat production to ensure the necessary heatrequired by urban consumers (hot water) andindustrial customers (steam and hot water),producing treated water, softened anddemineralized, the transmission and distribution ofthermal energy in the form of hot water for heatingand domestic hot water for the entire city. With aturnover of 58,296,920 lei, it is one of the largestprivate employers in Suceava.
The building materials industry isrepresented by 20 small and very small activeenterprises. The most representative is S.C. SamiPlastic SRL whose main activity is the manufactureof plates, sheets, tubes and plastic profiles.Although it has only 45 employees, this enterpriseattains the fifth turnover in value from the industryof Suceava after Ambro SA, Betty Ice SRL, SRLand thermal Sidem SA: 68,702,019 lei. The mostenterprises from this industry have as object ofactivity the manufactory of carpentry and joinery(S.C Terra Project LLC, S.C Rogvaiv Wood SRL,etc.), the manufacture of plastic construction (SCItaconic SRL, SC Total Self-Service SRL) ormanufacture of other articles of concrete, cementand plaster.
In comparison to the socialist period,when the large companies, generally with over1000 employees, were characteristic, nowadays, thepredominance of micro and small enterprisesstands out as the main feature of the industry, withfewer than 49 employees. They represent 88% ofthe total number of active firms in Suceava (Figurenumber 7). In contrast, the large firms with morethan 250 employees, represent only 3% of the totalnumber of active enterprises from Suceava (Figure7). Theseare operating in the traditionalindustriesfrom the city: the food industry (SC BettyIce SRL), the paper and pulp industry (SC AmbroSA),the clothing industry (SC Starmod SA). Theelectricity industry, which is the engine ofeconomic activities and household, is added tothese traditional branches. S.C. Thermal S. A. isrepresentative for this industry, being the fourthlarge industrial enterprise of Suceava (393employees).
In conjunction with the decrease of thesize of the industrial enterprises, there is a drasticdecrease in staff in the industry. Compared with1991, in 2012 the percentage of this indicator isreduced by more than 50%, only 30% of cityemployees being employed in an industrialundertaking, as shown in Figure number8. Insteadthere is a significant increase of the staff employed,especially in the tertiary sector mainly trade,education, health and social care and publicadministration.
In order to offset the loss from theindustry, the constructions field of activity knows aslight percentage increase compared to the socialistera: from 9% in 1985 (Figure number 2) to 11% in2012 (Figure number 8).In 2013, there were 584companies with the object of activity in theconstruction field which achieved a turnover of467,252,791 lei, using 2,930 employees (as ORCSV).Only 222 companies of these were active (asfirme.info/suceava and Ministry of Finance)detaching one large enterprise with over 250employees - SC General Construct SRL, sevenmedium and 214 small and very small
SEA - Practical Aplication of ScienceVolume I, Isue 2 (4) /2014
202
companies.SC General Construct SRL is the largestcompany from this field, through their 469employees. Having its object of activity in thecompletion of the construction of the residentialand nonresidential buildings, it achieved in 2013the second turnover of Suceava, equal to95,234,615 lei (Table 1B).In the top ten of thecompanies by turnover value, SC Loyal ImpexSRL (Table no. 1B is also included), which has theobject of activity the completion of theinstallations. Founded in 1993, it had counted in2013, 216 employees and it achieved a 5th turnoverin Suceava (88,096,337 lei)
It is noted in this field of activity the clearpredominance of the small and very smallenterprises (96% of the total).
If the secondary sector knew a strongdeclined in the last two decades and half, there is asignificant increase of the employees from services,especially in the commerce, education, health andsocial care and public administration. As shown inFigure number 3, 66.66% from Suceava`semployees are engaged in the field of tertiaryservices, in 2012.
The trade seems to be the branch ofactivity which it had the most to gain from theeconomic transition. The share of commerciallystaff increased about four times between the years1991 - 2012, from 6.6% to 24.6% (figure 8).
Many companies with activities in thetrade have appeared in Suceavasince 1990, basedon a favorable legislative framework. Initially,these took the form of shops "neighborhood",especially with food profile, which they sought thefood needs of the residents. Gradually, in thesecond half of the 90s, these small shops started todisappear, their place being taken by largercommercial units which were intended to serve alarger area (M.M. Lupchian, 2010, p. 210).
The favorable geographical position ofSuceava, the large number of residents of the citylinked with the role of county administrativecenter, the univesitary center which has anextended area of influence on the surrounding arearepresented the strengths of the position for thelarge hypermarkets in the city, since 2000 and thedevelopment of commercial and leisure areas since2008.
Thus, in 2003 the hypermarket "MetroCash & Carry", which proved a great success, wasbuilt in Suceava, next to the E85 road, at theentrance from Fălticeni and it was given theappearance of novelty represented by this trade.Three years later, in the area of the former knitwearfactory "Zimbru" the hypermarket "Kaufland"opened. It was a great success and it heldimmediately after opening, the second place interms of the sales volume in Kaufland network(MM Lupchian, 2010). In 2007 Selgroshypermarket opened in Iţcani. In the shopping
center Şcheia there is the Real hypermarket, part ofthe Metro Group. These four hypermarkets werecounted in 2013 approximately 650 employees.
Also, on the commercial market ofSuceava Bricostore, Dedeman and Romstal, havealso appeared and they enjoyed a great success dueto the fact that both Suceava and in the adjacentarea, the constructions known a faster rhythm thanaverage in the North East region.
In 2008, in the area in which the largestindustrial site from Suceava - Burdujeni platformwas placed under socialism, it developed thelargest shopping area of the city, centered on twolarge-scale shopping centers, "Shopping CitySuceava" and "Iulius Mall". "Bazaar" Suceava wasadded to these two centers, located in the meadowof Suceava River at the beginning of the 90s.
Opened in April 2008, Shopping CitySuceava is the first retail park from the county.With over 46,000 square meters, this shoppingcenter brings together more than 90 national andinternational stores including Carrefourhypermarket, Mobexpert - furniture and accessoriesstore, Media Galaxy and Flanco electronics andappliances stores, Baumax operator DIY or fashionretailers New Yorker, Takko fashion, etc. The foodarea offers the customers various options for leisureby the presence of local and international brandssuch as KFC, Taco Loco, etc. The shopping centerhas 1,500 parking spaces(http://shoppingcitysuceava.ro).
Iulius Mall Suceava was opened to thepublic in 2008, following an investment of over 60million, revolutionizing the regional retail marketby mixing shopping-dining-entertainment. Theapproximately 50,000 square meters, lodge to over150 stores, which offer a variety of shoppingoptions in the Auchan hypermarket, DIY storeBricostore, a children's playground area, foodcourt, a casino, an outdoor football pitch, aseasonal skating rink and the largest bowling andbilliards club from Suceava. The shopping centerfeatures a 1,300 parking spaces.
Being in a strong contrast in terms of the”physiognomy” with the two large shoppingcenters, Suceava ”Bazar is an accessiblealternative, in terms of the prices, to the trade of”brand” specific of the two shopping malls:Shopping City Suceava and Iulius Mall Suceava.With an area of 3.5 hectars, the bazar hosts thestands where there are exposed for the sale widevarieties of types of goods: from clothing to DIYand interior items, power tools and tools, etc.
This commercial area, consisting in threeretail parks from Suceava concentraiting over 1500employees. The largest employers from this areaare the two hypermarkets, Carrefour, using aworkforce of 230 employees (according toCarrefour Suceava) and Auchan, which has about250 employees (according to Auchan Suceava). 2
SEA - Practical Aplication of ScienceVolume I, Isue 2 (4) /2014
203
DIY – Baumax (with 68 employees in 2013) andBricostore (with 50 employees in 2013) andMobexpert accompany the largest employersmentioned above. Moreover, Iulis Mall shoppingarea carried out by 131 employees of SC IuliusMall Suceava, has as object of activity the leaseand sublease of commercial spaces.
In 2013 out of 8141 companies registeredat the Trade Register Suceava, 3323 had the objectof activity „wholesale and retail trade and repair ofmotor vehicle abd motorcycles” (ORC SV). Lessthan one third of these were active(firme.info/suceava and MFP). The absence of thelarge enterprises with over 250 employees isobserved among companies operating in this field.In contrast, the micro-enterprises with less than 9employees, represent 90% of the number of activefirms, as shown Figure 9 and they have the objectof activity, especially the retail activity. In thecategory of medium-size companies, with over 50employees, only 13 companies are included,mostof them having as object of activity the wholesaler.The largest commercial companies are SC StatusImpex SRL (203 employees), SC Defel COM SRL(158 employees) and SC Sedcomlibris SA (106employees) (firme.info/suceav and MFP). Theapproximately 3000 companies that operate in thisfield focused 5472 employees in 2013 (ORC SV).
If the share of the staff that are working inthe industry is with 6% higher than the staff fromthe wholesale and retail trade and repair of motorvehicles and motorcycles (Figure 8), the situationchanges when considering the contribution ofeconomic sectors in achieving the turnover fromSuceava. As shown in Figure 10, the trade andrepair of motor vehicles and motorcycles contributewith 37% to the achievement of this indicator,which is equivalent to over 1.235.348.250 lei(Trade Register Suceava). It shoud be noted thatthis percentage includes the turnover of firmsregistered with the Trade Registry Suceava, but notthe turnover done by the large hypermarkets whichhave headquarters in other cities in Romania.
Although no company with the mainobject of activity in wholesale and retail trade andrepair of motor vehicles and motorcycles has morethan 250 employees, to qualify as large enterprises,there are four companies that areincludedin the topten of the companies that perform the highestturnover from Suceava, as shown in Table 1B: SCEurospeed SRL, SC Defel Com SRL, SCGold&Platin Moldova SRL and SC Harivex COMSRL.Analysing the Figure number 3, 10 and 11 we cannotice that, in the year 2013, Suceava tended to bepredominantly an urban center with thepredominant role by services.
According to the statistics provided by theCounty of Suceava and Suceava Trade Register,62% of employees, respectively of the total
turnover are achieved by the companies fromSuceava and belong to the tertiary sector ofactivity.
The significant increase of the number ofemployees and of the turnover in the last twodecades and a half, recorded in the trade field,represents the "spearhead" of the recovery of theother fields from the tertiary sector. As it can benoticed in the figure number 8,all fields ofactivities, according to CAEN 1, except the field"transport and mail ", registered percentageincreases of the number of employees. It notes, inparticular, the growth from the publicadministration, which is based on exercising theadministrative function of the town. In Suceava, theresidence of Suceava county, the city publicinstitutions are present and they coordinate thecounty activity from all the economic fields. After1990, the percentage of the employees from thepublic administration gradually increased from16.6% (equivalent with 1079 employees) in 1991to 6.4% (equivalent with 2408 employees) in 2012.
An increase in the percentage of theemployees was also recorded in education, healthand social assistance as well as financial, bankingand insurance (figure number 8).
Analyzing Figures number 3 and8 and 11,it is found that, in the year 2013, Suceava tended tobe predominantly an urban center with a servicepredominant role. The tertiary sector has thehighest contribution, compared to the other twosectors, at the achievement of the turnover fromSuceava (62%). It also provides the biggestnumber of the jobs, given the fact that 66% ofemployees from Suceava belong to different fieldsof the economic activity from the service sector.
4. ConclusionSuceava, the residence of Suceava county
and an urban development pole of the North-Eastern Region, defines more clearly its fallingtrajectory. The socialist era was a milestone inwhich the city has known a ‘forced’ development,which has been imposed by the centralgovernment. Although it may be considered an"apogee" step in terms of the economicdevelopment, the desindustrialization phenomenonthat characterized the city after 1990, shows thatthe economy created in the socialist era wasartificially maintained.
In the transition to a market economy,Suceava starts a gradual self-process of its urbanfunctions, focusing increasingly on the industrialservices sector to the detriment of the industrialfunctions. As it can be noticed in figure number 3,the city tends to return to the socio - economicdevelopment from the previous period of the forcedindustrialization process imposed by the Socialistgovernment.
SEA - Practical Aplication of ScienceVolume I, Isue 2 (4) /2014
204
AcknowledgementsThis work has been supported from the
strategic grant POSDRU/159/1.5/S/133391, Project“Doctoral and Post-doctoral programs ofexcellence for highly qualified human resourcestraining for research in the field of Life sciences,Environment and Earth Science” cofinanced by theEuropean Social Fund within the SectorialOperational Program Human ResourcesDevelopment 2007 – 2013”
References:[1] Ceaușu M. Șt.,Emandi, E.I (1988) – Aspecte
din evoluția economico-socială și urbană aorașului Suceava în anii 1774-1785 (I, II),A.I.I.A ”A.D. Xenopol”, XXV/1, XXIX, Iași
[2] Emandi, E. I., Cucu, V., Ceaușu M.(1989),Suceava – ghid de oraș, București, EdituraSport – Turism
[3] Emandi, I.E, Ceaușu, Șt. M. (1991), Să nudărâmi dacă nu știi să construiești, Editura”Glasul Moldovei”, Rădăuți - Iași
[4] Emandi, E. I. (1996), Municipiul Suceava.Studiu de geografie istorică și morfologieurbană, Universitatea din București,Facultatea de Geografie, București
[5] Gorovei, Șt. (1983), Note de istorie medievalăsuceveană, Suceava. Anuarul MuzeuluiJudețean , Suceava
[6] Ianoș, I. (1987), Orașele și organizareaspațiului geografic, Editura AcademieiRepublicii Socialiste România, București
[7] Ianoș, I. (1992), Analiza geografică afostelorreședințe de județ din România, Studiiși Cercetări de Geografie, XL, București
[8] Lupchian, M. M. (2010), Municipiul Suceava– studiu de geografie urbană – EdituraUniversității Suceava
[9] Miron V. Gh., Ceaușu Șt.,Caproșu I., IrimescuG., S. Irimescu, (1989), Suceava. File deistorie. Documente privitoare la istoriaorașului., 1388-1918, București, DirectiaGenerala a Arhivelor Statului din R. S.România
[10] Panaitescu, P.P. (1969), Introducere în istoriaculturii românești, Editura Științifică ,București
[11] Șandru, Ceaușu, Emandi, Analele stiintifice aleUniv. Al. I. Cuza, din Iași, sectiunea II științenaturale, tomul VII, anul 1961, fasc 2
[12] County Statistics Suceava, Suceava statisticalspecification, vol II
![Introducere - Universitatea „Ștefan cel Mare” din Suceava · Web viewLucent Technologies, 2001 [14]. Teză de doctorat Doru Bălan, Universitatea Ștefan cel Mare din Suceava,2013,](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/60b8f40ff640f93e54558cdf/introducere-universitatea-atefan-cel-marea-din-suceava-web-view-lucent-technologies.jpg)
