Sugar

Sugars in food: AKA Sucrose/sucralose Table sugar, raw sugar,

turbinado sugar Granulated cane sugar Confectioner’s or powdered

sugar Brown sugar Invert sugar Maple syrup Polydextrose Maltose Maltodextrin

Molasses Honey Date sugar Corn sweeteners Corn syrup/HFCS Fruit sugar (fructose) Levulose Fruit juice concentrate Concentrated fruit juice

sweetener Glucose dextrose

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVsgXPt564Q&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEbRxTOyGf0

http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/OnCall/story?id=4439943&page=1

High Fructose Corn Syrup What is it?

Sweetener made from corn Metabolized in body similar to sugar?

FDA: “Generally recognized as safe.” Still controversial Does it promote obesity?

Enhances flavor, softens texture & protects freshness

Being renamed “Corn Sugar”

(Brownell, 2006)

(Brownell, 2006)

Artificial Sweeteners The good & the bad.

Not metabolized the same way as sugar Saves calories

But…People may end up consuming more

Artificial Sweeteners

Saccharin:AKA: Sweet & LowOne of the first substitutes approved by FDA

Aspartame:AKA: Nutrasweet or EqualApproved by FDA in 1981

Stevia:South American shrub

Artificial Sweeteners continued

Sucralose:AKA: Splenda600 times sweeter than sugarApproved by FDA in 1998

Neotame:7,000 times sweeter than sugarFDA preliminary reports “safe”

Activity

So.. How much sugar is actually in some common products?

Conversion: 4 grams = 1 teaspoon

Sodas

New York City Campaign

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8g3e22ycIw

Sodas are the #1 source of added sugar in the American diet!

(Jacobson, 2005; cspinet.org)

(Brownell, 2006)

Soda & Calories In General:

12 oz Pepsi – 150 calories

32 oz Pepsi – 400 calories

64 oz Pepsi – 800 calories

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=soda&view=detail&id=7EE0C53857D87A5ECAE95301D2FA6705F2EAF2A1&first=1&FORM=IDFRIR

Soda & Obesity – connection? Harvard Study:

Obesity increases significantly with each daily serving of sugar-sweetened soft drink.

Soft drinks currently are the leading source of added sugar in the daily diet.

“It is not uncommon for teenagers to receive 500 to 1000 calories per day from sugar-sweetened drinks.” (David Ludwig, coauthor)

(Gortmaker, S., & Ludwig, D., (2001) Harvard School of Public Health)

Soda & Obesity continued

Overall, it is easy to over-consume calories.

Soda & HFCS

Are diet sodas healthier?

Soda & Bones

Girls who are active:5x more likely to have bone fractures with

soda consumption.

Theory of why: Phosphoric acid may affect calcium metabolism

and bone mass.

(Wyshak, G., (2000), Harvard School of Public Health)

To Tax or Not to Tax?

Would taxing soft drinks help?

Pros …

Thoughts?

Beverages

Six levels of beveragesWaterUnsweetened tea / coffeeLow-Fat, Skim Milk and SoyNoncalorically sweetened Caloric with some nutrientsCalorically sweetened