Sugar FurrAcc 142056

Enzootic Nasal

Adenocarcinoma of

Small Ruminants

Trisha OuraFebruary 28, 2011

Sugar Furr

• < 2yo F Suffolk Sheep• Unilateral nasal

discharge• Swelling on head (left

dorsal)– Fluctuant, “reducible”

Radiographs

• Left nasal mass with frontal sinus obstruction or extension

• DDX: cyst, hematoma, abscess, granuloma, neoplasia

Echogenic fluid (aspirated)

Minimally vascular, echogenic mass

Ultrasound

Neoplasia

• Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma of Small Ruminants– Rare (few case reports/case series in literature)– Sheep > goats– Young (e.g. 2-4yo), M=F– Upper respiratory signs (stridor, mouth breath), nasal discharge,

head shaking, sneezing– Facial asymmetry, exophthalmos– Occasionally with concurrent inflammatory polyps in nasal cavity– Can have concurrent pneumonia– DDX: Oestrus ovis myiasis

Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma (ENA)aka: infectious adenopapillomatosis, infectious adenopapilloma, infectious adenocarcinoma

• Bilateral or unilateral• Can invade sinuses/adjacent bony

structures– Usually arises from ethmoid mucosa

• Rarely metastasize• Death due to anorexia, weight loss• Retroviral etiology

– Similar to Jaagsiekte virus• ovine pulmonary carcinoma

– Both are contagious tumors of respiratory epithelium, low grade malignancy

ENA

• Transmission:– Experimental intranasal innoculation

• Prevalence:– US, Canada, Europe (Spain, Italy), Japan, China, India,

Africa– No breed predisposition– Cases can be clustered in certain flocks/herds

• FYI: other ovine/caprine retroviruses:– Maedi-Visna (ovine progressive pneumonia), caprine

arthritis encephalitis

Gross Lesions

Further Diagnostics

• PCR• Immunohistochemistry

• Electron microscopy

Sugar Not Sugar

Treatment

• Surgical removal– Can be very bloody! Prepare for transfusion

• Many die within 3 months after diagnosis

Sugar

• IHC positive on biopsy and aspirated fluid• EM was less rewarding – hard to differentiate from cilia

• PCR is pending…

References• De Las Heras M, et al. Pathology of enzootic intranasal tumor in thirty-

eight goats. Vet Pathol. 1991;28:474-481.• McKinnon AO, et al. Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of sheep in Canada.

Can Vet J. 1982;23:88-94.• Martini JC, DF York. Retrovirus-associated neoplasms of the respiratory

system of sheep and goats. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1997;13:55-70.

• Pugh DG. Upper Respiratory Diseases in Sheep and goat medicine. 2002. Elsevier.

• Svara T, et al. Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of sheep in Slovenia. J Vet Med. 2006;53:26-29.

• Yi G, et al. Descriptive study of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma in goats in southwestern China. Trans Emerg Diseases. 2010;57:197-200.