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Instrument s for access cavity
preparationHand pieces
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Instrument s for access cavity
preparationBurs
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Instrument s for access cavity
preparation
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Instrument s for access cavity
preparation
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Instrument s for access cavity
preparationName
Burs
Functionseveral types of burs will be used to accomplishgood access preparation Fissure burs are used inthe initial stage of access preparation to establishthe correct outline form ,Round burs are used tolift the roof of the pulp chamber and eliminateoverhanging dentine,Tapered Non end-cutting bur isused to 'lift lid' of pulp chamber and refine cavity
.
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Instrument s for access cavity
preparationFront surface mirror
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Instrument s for access cavity
preparationName
Front surface mirror
Function
is best suited for visibility deep within
the pulp chamber.
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Instrument s for access cavity
preparationroot canal explorer
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Instrument s for access cavity
preparationName
probe/root canal explorer
Function
Used to probe and detect canal openings
within the pulp chamber
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Extirpation Instrumentendodontic spoon excavator
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Instrument s for access cavity
preparationName
Endo excavator
Function"larger than conventional excavator" itsshape allows curettage of the pulp chamber
when conventional one will not reach thefloor of the chamber, and used as surgicalaid to excavate periapical lesion.
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Extirpation InstrumentBarbed broach
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Extirpation InstrumentBarbed broach
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Extirpation InstrumentBarbed broach
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Extirpation Instrument
The braded broach comes in different sizes, and theselection of suitable size is very important, it should
fit loosely inside the canal, when braded broach size is
larger than the canal size, the hooks of B.B engaged in
the dentinal wall of the canal and stick there "Jammedbroach" and with drawing it becomes difficult and
might fracture inside the canal, if the dentist faced by
Jammed broach, the broach should be removed
vertically without twisting. The B.B must only be
used in the straight part of the canal, and insertion of
the broach (not exceed 2\3) of the canal length of the
ideal way to use it is
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ISO standardization
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ISO standardizationBefore a standardized configuration was adopted, endodonticinstrument varied greatly from one manufacturer to
another. The configuration adopted is that set by theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO), AllISO hand instruments, along with paper points, silverpoints and standardized gutta-percha points, conform tothis system. ISO standardized files have a cutting length of16 mm, have a specified diameter at the tip (termed D1) andincrease in diameter by 0.02 mm for each millimeter alongthe file, so that at the end of the cutting part (16 mm alongthe file) the diameter (termed D2) is 0.32 mm greater than
at D1. This is called an .02 taper. Files may vary in length,any extra length is provided by a blank portion. Thenominal size of the instrument is based on the diameter ofits tip (the diameter at D1) expressed in hundredths of a
millimeter. Thus an ISO size 50 file will have a tip diameterof 0. 0 mm.
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ISO standardization also uses a color for each size,
as shown below:Color Nominal Size
Pink 06
Grey 08
Purple 10White 15 45 90
Yellow 20 50 100
Red 25 55 110
Blue 30 60 120Green 35 70 130
Black 40 80 140
The amount of increase in diameter from one inst. to the next is 0.05 mm
in inst. from size 10
60, and 0.1 mm in inst. from size 60
140.
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Instruments for root canal
preparationK- reamer
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Instruments for root canal
preparationK-reamerinstruments can be manufactured by
twisting a square or triangular blank bymachine . reamer used in shaping thecanalAction
o'clock wise quarter turn twist .
.
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Instruments for root canal
preparationK- file
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Instruments for root canal
preparationK- file
instruments can be manufactured by twisting a squareor triangular blank by machine the blank is twisted
into a tighter series of spiral than reamer also K- fileare more flexible than reamer .
K -Files with a triangular cross-section tend to havesuperior cutting characteristics and are more flexible,
and hence less likely to transport the canal duringpreparation. .
Action
o'clock wise half
turn twist ..
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Instruments for root canal
preparationK-Flex filesare produced from a blank that is rhomboid incross-section; this forms both cutting and non-cutting edges. The files are more flexible than anequivalent-sized K-file .
Action
o'clock wise half turn twist .
.
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Instruments for root canal
preparationFlexofilehave a triangular cross-section and are manufactured
from flexible stainless steel. Flexofiles are more efficient at cutting and
removing dentine than an equivalent K-file, because the blade has asharper angle and there is more room for debris. The tip of the
file is non-cutting. This is an advantage when preparing curved canals, asthe file is guided along the canal curvature, avoiding excessive
cutting into the outer curve of the root canal or transportation. Any
flexible, triangular cross-sectioned file, such as a Flexofile, can beused with the balanced force actionAction
o'clock wise half turn twist ..
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Instruments for root canal
preparationHedstom file
are machined from a tapered cylindrical block. In cross-section they have the appearance of a series of intersectingcones. Hedstroem files are highly efficient at removingdentine on the outstroke when used in a filing motion, buthave poor fracture resistance in rotation
Action
withdrawal stroke ..
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NiTi (Nickel titanium) rotary
instrumentsThese files are used to flare the coronal aspect of the root
canal. Although they are manufactured from nickel-titanium
the files are relatively inflexible, as the cross-sectional
diameter is larger than that of a standard file (ISO). The use
of these instruments is therefore best restricted to the
relatively straight parts of the root canal to avoid strip
perforation. It is recommended that they are used in a handpiece driven by an electric motor at 150-300 rpm
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Gates-Glidden drills
Small flame-shaped cutting instrument used in theconventional hand piece Different sizes coded by rings orcolored bands on shank Are slightly flexible and will follow
the canal shape but can perforate the canal if used too deeply
functions :
Preparing the coronal two thirds of molars canals.
Removing gutta-percha from the canal during post spacepreparation or during retreatment.
Widen the canal when an instrument has fractured within it.
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Instruments for root canal
preparationName
Disposable irrigating syringe and disposable needle
Function, features and precaution
Used with an irrigant to clean and disinfect thecanal during endodontic treatment
A blunt needle with side exiting delivery willreduce the risk of the needle binding
within the canal
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Instruments for root canal
preparationName
Absorbent paper points
Functions
To absorb any moisture in the canal
(i.e. blood, pus and saliva) To carry medicaments into the canal
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Instruments for root canal FillingName
Gutta percha points
Function and features
Non-soluble, non-irritant points that are condensedinto the pulp chamber during obturation
Standardized type: follows same ISO classification asendodontic files
Non-standardized: have a greater taper than the
standard ISO type
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Instruments for root canal FillingFinger spreader
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Instruments for root canal Fillingspreader
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Instruments for root canal Filling
Name
Finger spreader
Function, features and precaution Finger instrument with a smooth,pointed, tapered working end
Used to condense gutta percha laterallyinto the canal during obturation
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Instruments for root canal FillingHand Plugger
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Instruments for root canal FillingFinger Plugger
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Instruments for root canal FillingPlugger
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Instruments for root canal FillingName
Endodontic plugger
Function
Working end is flat to facilitate plugging or
condensing the gutta percha vertically afterthe excess has been removed by melting offwith a heated instrument
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Instruments for root canal FillingLentulo spiral Drill
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the endodontic ruler
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the endodontic ruler
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the endodontic rulerFunction
Special endodontic rulers are available formeasuring the length of finger instruments
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Endo locking tweezers
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Endo locking tweezersEndo locking pliers or (endo locking tweezers):
it has lock "latch" that permits materials to be heldwithout continuous finger pressure, it has a groove atthe tip, the grooved tip facilitate holding absorbentpoints and gutta percha cones.
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Electronic Apex Locators
50
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Electronic Apex Locators
51
Name
Apex locator
Functions
An electronic instrument used to determine
the distance to the apical foramen
The screen allows the operator to visualizethe file movement during instrumentation
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Electric pulp tester
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Electric pulp tester
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Name
Electric pulp tester
Function and directions for use
Used to test the vitality of a tooth using electric stimulus
Electric stimulus is increased in small increments until thepatient can feel the stimulus
Toothpaste or prophy paste is used to conduct the currentfrom the pulp tester to the tooth
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Loupes
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operating microscope
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Loupes& operating microscopeIllumination and magnification are vital for
the location of root canals. The endodontist would use asurgical microscope while a general dental practitionermight have loupes and a headlight that give excellentmagnification and illumination .
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Thank you