EXTRACiED VEFF”

Summary of Notes on a Meeting Held At Los Alamos, N.M., 3-4 March 1953, To Discuss CASTLE PLANNING With Particular Reference To TU-13 (DOD PROGRAM)

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico

March 1953

NOTICE

This is an extract of Summary of Notes on a Meeting Held At Los Alamos, N.M., 3-4 March 1953, To Discuss CASTLE PLANNING With Particular Reference To TU-13 (DOD PROGRAM), which remains classified SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA as of this date.

Prepared for:

Director

DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY

Washington, D.C. 20305

1 JULY 1983

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

UNCLASSIFIED ~CCURITY CLASSlClCATlON oc TNIS PAGE flmal Da. 2hc.r.l) ’

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUC~ONS \. RECOllf YUY8LR

R&FORE COMPLE~G FORy 2. bow ACCCSSION ~0. 2. REC~PI~NT*S CATALOG NUY.EK

Control No: J-17390 8. TITLE (md SubW8.) Summary of Notes on a Meeting Held At Los Alamos,

S. TYPE Or REPORT h PERIOD COVEKE~

Extracted Version N.M., 3-4 March 1953, To Discuss CASTLE PLANNING With Particular Reference To TU-13 (DOD PROGRAM)

1 July 1983

1. AUTNOR@J

W. E. Ogle

6. l CKCORYING ORG. RLPORT NUUGER

0. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUYBLRfaJ

1. l ERC?ORYlNG ORGANI2ATlON NAUE AND ADDRESS IO. l ROGRAN ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUYGERS

1. CONTROLLING OtFlCE NAME ANO ADDRESS

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico

12. REPORT OATE

3-4 March 1953 1% NUYGLR OC PAGES

45 4. YOWlTOllING AGENCY NAME A AGDRESSflf dillw~~ Iram ControlJh~ Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (ol ~hla r.por()

UNCLASSIFIED ISa. OECLASS1CICATl0N~DOWNGKADING

SCwEOuLE

L OISTRI~MJTION STATEYENT (01 chlm R.ponj

Approved for public release; unlimited distribution.

r. DlSTRlOUTlON STATEMENT fool ch. l barrmcc mnmnd In Rlock 20. II dlffora~l from R-J

1. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

This report has had the classified information removed and has been republished in unclassified form for public release. This work was performed by Kaman Tempo under contract DNAOOl-79-C-0455 with the close cooperation of the Classification Management Division of the Defense Nuclear Agency.

. KEV WOROS Godme. a t...,.. ai& It n.c.‘.w M IdwnClly by Wock -bu)

Operation CASTLE Planning for TU-13

Do 1:yn 143 EDITION OC 1 NOW 6S is OGSOLLTE UNCLASSIFIED ___ _ _. _ .__ _.-_-.- __ -..______

FOREWORD

This report has had classified material removed in order to make the information available on an unclassified, open publication basis, to any interested parties. This effort to declassify this report has been accomplished specifically to support the Department of Defense Nuclear Test Personnel Review (NTPR) Program. The objective is to facilitate studies of the low levels of radiation received by some individuals during the atmospheric nuclear test program by making as much information as possible available to all interested parties.

The material which has been deleted is all currently classified as Restricted Data or Formerly Restricted Data under the provision of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, (as amended) or is National Security Information.

This report has been reproduced directly from available copies of the original material. The locations from which material has been deleted is generally obvious by the spacings and "holes" in the text. Thus the context of the material deleted is identified to assist the reader in the determination of whether the deleted information is germane to his study.

It is the belief of the individuals who have participated in preparing this report by deleting the classified material and of the Defense Nuclear Agency that the report accurately portrays the contents of the original and that the deleted material is of little or no significance to studies into the amounts or types of radiation received by any individuals during the atmospheric nuclear test program.

D??r 2:. Greenburg

e E. E. Gilhrt (first day only) J Dip, LAS,: II. 3. Allen (first day only)

::‘, Ii. Surkt-3

R. E. Canpimll D. Curry, Jr. E. s. Eurlson A. C. Craws (second day only) P. L. Hooper A. ;;‘. Kelly 7. 9. ?icDonuld

_

JTF-7

-. E. O$e i. J. Vim Gene* (i'irst day only)

?n '1. a* coti J. L. Eall R. A. &use c. II. Tyson

JTG 7.4

@

E. Gmxiri

C. J. Aromon

?I, J. Whaler

FOX3 JOT??

Vhil.~ the Castle shot schedule has been =rkedIy chq@ since the meetings which are the subject of this domcnt, it is felt woti!~~~~ to present this sumnary of the discussi~ essentially a8 it took place, with- out attempting to revise any canments as to shot participation, sites, and the Uke. Hawever, It should be borne in nind that the schedule change will affect many of the plans made in these meetings.

The new schedule (as of 10 April 1953) is presented here for con- venience.

Tentative Shot Date Site

1 m/54 Bikini-Surface Shot Cver Deep ?/ate-Barge

2 2/25/54 BUd.ni-Vicinity of Nmu

3 3/8/54 BUni-Vicinity ofYumchi--Barge

4 3/17/54 Bikini-Vicinity of Purochi--Barge

(NOT% Portiona of the discussion have been ondtted in order to keep classification of this do-t as low aa possible.)

A. scmDuxJ3

The pressrrt ochedule is as follows~

SNOT .l. Eniwetok, vicinity

2. Bikini, EniwnAn

of Elugslnb or Rigili

3. Bikifi, Barge or site on Yurocbi - Aomoen chain

5. Bikini,Barge

6. Eniwetok, Eberiru

6th the first shot planned for -rW Februhxy 1954, subsequent shots at the follow3q intervals: 7, 10, 10, 10, and 7 days, respeotimly: Intermls between shots are based on cryogenics, radiochsipical sample analysis requirenants, aPa geographical (atoll) locations.

B. MODEIS

The F\KL is a .shot, similar to ‘Fke but tith q_o %a% one R)UU guess tha nm&xumdeld

-5th a more probable nu&er

zero point for this shot is still acertain. The propo6al nhloh is under study at the mom&t ir for escentially the.mme site as Xike-up oa the reef front Eluplab. It is oontidered more probable, however, that it will be either dovm the reef from Bogallna or close to RigilL qe hope this till be Battled trlthia the neti few days. (The unoertolnfy ooncerns prssent radiation levels and condition of the islands around Elugelirb.) This is planned as a surfaoe @hot, essentially on a man-made island.

SHOT 3 'ia Berkeley' s first thorzuxnaclepr test,

‘Yxeld 5s =Pectea-to lrds P~II also be a surfaoe shot, in tG*case on &nd (m_)

so that there rfil1 be an appreciable amount Of dirt arOund it, as oppO8@3 to sGi,, \ &-ich 1ti11 be surrounded either by reef or -dater.

5HQ-T 4, a.:ain on the Sround, -field 1 TE 113 ~resentTy proposea to-65 shot on a barge in the lagoon, 25C'C-ycts

offshore from the Yurochi - Aomoen chain ia Bikkni Atoll. There is a possi- bility that the Upshot series xi.11 indicate certain precise photographic measurements are necessary on this model which will require that it be in a fixed position. In this case, one -%~uld s-&nS it around and anchor the barSe on one of the islands in this chain, rpprotimately the same distance from the ,gmma and photo stations. ,

The proposal at the momentisk_fire bn barges in the same general position as about 3 or Z&miles offshore, using: the sasm photo stations as for that shot. If are fired, one

of them would take the place of $n the schedule.

(Incidentally, the water in the vicinity or" the barge shots is about 30 fathoms deep.)

c. PROPOSED LASL ARD UCRL EXE'ERIKiXTAL F'ROGRU

As the Q-oup probably 'knows, there has been a reasonable amount of confusion as to tilat happened on ‘Eke Shot. Up until a few web-s ago there were two values for the yield which were contradictory and appreciably differ- ent, yet no one could find anything seriously :!rong tith either of them.

All this has led to the desire to instrument one shot of this series h such CL mm.mer as %o try to cum~er some of the question6 qhioh come up during U&e. After a greet de:1 of debate, LAX has said l&t that shot be

the

Thus, this test till include several very cdnplioated sets of exporixzents, conparable to the sort of zork that Krause and Felt did on ILike Shot. The set-up will involve 8 or 10 vacuum pipes (probably one which is 12 inches in diameter, the others 8 inches in dism6ter) running 2500 or 3000 yds to a rooording station v&ore various Gxnex, Tenex, snd other techniques xxi.11 be employed to observe the reaction. On the other side, at a similar'distance, there xi11 be a photo station to do frame and streak photography.

These, aside from radiochemistry (ach does not require anything in the my of close installations) are the mjor ek$miments. There are a number of other, smaller experiments: for example, attempting to oomt the neotrom ;;hich get out (supposedly, one can count inside by looking at the materials in the‘sanples pa6 due to neutron capture in ,air, etc.

2. SW 5

The instrumentation*on this device -xi11 piques -zad set-up as for, SNOT 4.. there will be a

the neutron6 captured collected)~ obsertig the

use about the sme teoh- 5sxma recording station

and photo station at similar distmxa_and in sM_l.ar directions.

the then, will be instrumented most as ccqletely as

The 0~5~ intentwastoFnst_~ntthistest almost as hizhlv aa described above_ for

-frame camera photogra@ywill alsobe done, from a station probably on Acnnoen, As noted above, if streak photogra$xy is necessary the test will becane a land shot.

4. ‘SHOTS 24 I

Theee nodels have on then essentially no reqireixnt except for yield,&ichwLll be attemptedbyboth radiochemical and ball of firemethods. It is planned to have photo stations on Snyu and Ri, both of vhich:can see the proposed zeroa satisfactorQ7.

2em point is planned for Eberixu, and this test vi2.l have similar instrumextation to the Both detailed high-speed phatograe and detailed high-speed w observations through vactxnm pipes are planned.

It should be noted th8t none of the banb yields is guaranteed to within a factor of 3.

SECTION II .DXI;JISTR~TION. IDGISTICS. .WD CON!ZFRUCTION

2 d . POPULATION A.3 BASE FACILITIES - A. Kelly

figures on estimated pqmlatlon are necessax3ly, at the ncment, a rather wild guess. :Je are assming that the L4SL group (diagnostic experimenters a& TG7.1headquarters)xKltotal c~.5oO,UCRL-350 (~thaquestian~k),andthenilltargprogrscrs - 500.

on OIl

of

Camps are planned for various places: the main carp on Pamy, one 3&qnaninBMniAtoXL,a canp onRojoatotake we ofpeopleworkizq

shot, and one up-island to take care of

It is hoped that the facilities on Parq will accamodate the mmber people expected,andthatthe one ona, which was built for the

constmction phase, will be atgple. One problem is Hhat to do &cmt the situation on W after thi shcrt.

h The plannowisto mt

allthe people on ships,and 13 1s hoped hat this ship population canbe held to s-thing like 300. It is also hoped to keep the Rojoa population ataboutthis figure.

It is expected there wUJ. be a peak of about 600 people fran TG 7.1 on parry (this includes UCRL, LAS& and DOD); that is, nut all the people yell be on Parry at one tine, but will be spre out over the various csmps.

These &nbers are based on Ivy and do not include H&es and Namer or the othsr Task Groups. Until we get suns infomatim on these &her groups, it is difficult to tell just what the total population Kill be.

Further Cmenta - D. (=arrg

It is clear that the base facilities on Parqy will be about what us had for Ivy, plus the additianal. c-cation of not knorw whether will be on the reef or up near Eberiru. Xf the latter, it is not lamwn whether we can establish an&her camp up there. If we have to shoot over on the reef near Rig3li, the ccmnjprtiag problem uill be serious. (PosgiblS a canp can be esteshed mu Ri&i.)

I

We expect to have an additional b&Lding a Parxy for assembly of the devices, and KKLI. load them on barge8 there 'as well, so same sort of ferry slipv.%l be constructed intowhichthe barge canm00e for loading. The assmblybuildingv~ pro-be down on the south end of Parry and wllltakeupnare ofourreal estate, presentinga security and explosive problem.

As 80011 as we have f3.red tbe fist shot on R(, we have lost ~ttr camp and air stzdp, and will have to live on ships. Themisalso coacen about the contamination of the lagoon: we have a feel&q that fran the hmlth standpoixtthe actitntywU3 probably not betoobad,but ltwillbe considerably above the nomal Navy standards 80 that the Task Force Camander may have to make an operational decision to let ahips go into the lagoon.

B. IIILrrmYsuppoRT -D. Gamy

Our requeststo the Task Force include the foIlawing:

The proposed number of m personnel. (to be based on E&&ok island) is 7'7 officers, 964 =I. Among the support which they praPide is thatofthe Signal Canpany,Port Cunpqv(pm&ing stemdoAngathimtok and also DTJKGs), and the IrIP Cs.

We have asked for an AGC (the Estes), sn AV (the Curtiss), and a CT/E; attached to the latter 6 to 8 HRS (helicopters), and 4 TN (torpedo banbers). In addition, we have requested

anI.SD .

2IST.

3 A!rF

21 XSM

5 LaJ

2 AVR

1 YCN

4 PBII

(partlytosupportaboatpoolandpartlytopnMde transportation for the barges, possibly also for saze deuartrailersfran%iwetoktoBikix&)

(cmsto etiblish theweather stations andtobe available fortransportationbetweenZniwetok and RIM or to support theboatpo&whentbeLSDis engaged in ferrgiagdewmand ~~thb&t~clusively fortransportationbetween

(fleet tugs, fortcmingand supporting DaD and LASL projects)

(large barge, to be used as a helicopter landing, probably in the vicinity ef Eniwetok or EMni)

(mainlyfortransportation between&iwetdc and Bi&d,which will obviously be short once we lose our air strip).

In addition, we asked for one medium transport; the Task Force did not include it in their paper to the Joint Chiefs of Staff but are prepared to ask for it later a if it is needed.

3. Air Force

lh have requested for intra- and inter-atdl traqmtation:

10

5

3

4

1

For

L-20

Ii-19 (the large S- or &lace helicopters)

B-13 (small helicopters)

C-47 (for IUt between Eniwetok, Bikini, and Kwajalein)

C-54 (the General*6 @.ane-we can probably use it if we reaJly need it, aa we did the B-17 last time)

saxlpumg:

10 F&

4 B-57

1 B-36 (coxlixJo1)

1 B-36 (high4titude)

1 B-52 (?)

lo ~-29 (weather)

4 Search andRescueplmea

For Esrperiments:

1 B-36) (blast and themal)

1 B-47

2 B-29 (canister drops)

3 B-54 (documeatary phdmgaphy)

1 B-52 (? - this is the same plane as the question-marked ' B-52 listedunder the sanpldngphne requir6ments)

-lO-

J-0,

These operation. The zaiwetok.

c. GENzM.l

It is nut

there are the sam@e return planes.

planes em all be based on Zniwetok Island for this 2000 men this represents, then, must now be housed at

planned to evacuate Enimtok for any shot. However, there mu& be a real capacity to do 60, in cane of emergency. Should evacuation be necessary, it m almost surely be for more thm a day.

As stated above, after the shot on Rikini everyone there will live on ships. A camand decision has been made that there can be no mrlnt3dstatioMonBudni.

The Task Force Headquarters and most of the people associated with the air@.anes will live 011 Biwetok Island, so that &ile the mmber of experimsntal people may not be much larger than on BiM.ni (where there are actually more shots), the major proportiozi of the people will still be an miwetok.

The shots on&it&okxUlbe fired fzm the same controlbuild&m as used in the past, except that it wiU be enlarged. The shots on W&i. trill. be fired fron a ship, as for M&e.

D. CONSTRUCTION - R.Campbell

Campbell. explained the functions of 3-6, the group at LASL which is responsible forcollectingand coordinating requirements for instrument stations and other construction, power, timing signals, etc. Fran Jd, the requirermnts go to the AX for approval, after which they are sent to their contractor, Holmes and Namer. Since the responsibility for providing the facilities requested (and seeing that they suz+ve the blast, etc.) lies with the AX, they prefer that H&N do the actual design work, rather than ham separate experimenters submit their own finished designs.

The foll&ng chart~illeetratetheurgency~th~chrecIuiranents for constmction mu& be submitted, or they will not be ready in tine.

4

I

TO Co (Honth& York

11 1.5 months occupancy

9.5 4months construction time

5.5

2.5

1

3 monthsprocurementand shipping

1.5 months design

-“.mpuFging: we now have about ll mcmths arrtil shot tine,- The nomal time which experimenters ask for is a month and a half occupanv before the shot. The construction period on Ivy went fWn July through October, about ~maaths.,__This.~tian,l~bigger by about a factor of 3 (in that

&l each be about the equivalent of Itie UT cu~~~ruct~on and facilities; the three barge shots are about Uke Xing), butwith high optimisnletus call this 4morxths again. Normal procurement takes about 3 months (this may be more for difficult items), de&.@ about 1.5 months. So a month frcu today is the deadline for construction require- ments onEniwetokandWsi.ni.

It would appear that the -way the DOD requirements can be obtained is to have a member of that orgsnizatian go around and collect then, working onthis f?illtisne. Campbell wested it would be hel&l if this reuresenta- tive could spend a few&s at& Alamos fsxUiaz4zi.n~ picture, what is available, the Imitations, etc., then experinenters.

C. ORGiUIZ:1TIO~~ OF 'IV-13

Colonel H. K. Gilbert has been appointed as head of ments as described belcrw for the next four months or so. organization is proposed:

himself with the go see the various

m-13, with a-e- Thefollowing

Since Gilbert will be concerned mainly with Operation Upshot-Knothole in 1Jevada for the next few months, Captain N. 5. Kingsley will act as his

deputy during that time and possibly throughout the operation. Captain Kingsley and Colonel &rtell are assigned fXU.-time to TU-13 at present, and there is a possibility of gettiug two more people fran AFSZP assised full-time.

Since Gilbert and Ogle wiX. both be at IJPG for the mojor portion of the next far maths, it does not appear necessary to have a DOD represeuta- tive at Los Alamos until after Upshot-Knothole. The tQ-& (counterpart to J-6 and Livemore* L-6 discussed above) man Kill presumably be Kingsley, at least for the present.

The pinal approval for the organization described above is pemg a JCS paper, which has not gone through but is-expected to. Gilbert would anticipate that the people in the Reports box would not go overseas. The Administration sectiou might not be necessary overseas-D?.ZT have found it is necessary in coutinental tests, It will never consist of more than one very junior officer and perhaps one snlisted mu. In addition, so far as personuel overseas are concerned, there would be possibly a logistics man, as well as the coustruction man, in the box called Requirements.

Captain Kingsley may be.ccnrtacted by titing to the Chief, APSWP, (Mm Capt. I?. E. Kingsley), PO Bux 2610, Xashiugtou 25, D. C., or in a week or so when they get set up, to Hq TU-l.3. His phone is 74300.

P. REPORTS

Curry is prep&q a form for status reports, a draft of uhich he x&l. showYZugsl.ey, requestingtheusual operatiou&l requirements except for construction. .

Aa for experimental reports,Oglewill request a prelimimryone very soouaftereach shot,anda rinal cmeaa soonasthedata are interpreted. This cau be written aa a report to the Task Group Cuxamuder, and he will not insist onreviewingit,

Thxqtmise Book" for Castle: ScxnetimeinJulyorAugustwewould like to get together a book i3lustrating the wh&e operatiou. Ogle asked . that Kingsley or Gilbert furuish a sectiou coveriugtheDOD prom. Outline and format should be similar to Galentiuets Ivy Tuzquoise Rook.

The ARC has the responsibility for t&g care of Q clearances. Curry Mnks it is safe to say that eve-e working on these projects should have a Q clearance sooner or late-the sooner the better. As for crews of ships, it is thought the officers should be Q cleared, the crews not necessarily; they wilz get a P clearance.

TheDODhas wished to explore are:

rmdetwo propossls forthe Castletestsvhich they at this tim and if possible reach a decision on. These

Scmd.lle described how this proposal aross. In the last meting of the Ccrmittee on .itmic Energy, 3r. Bethe brou&t up the subject that he considered it highly desirable to airburst a large-yield! weapon at approaching an operational height. This was discussed to a slight extent by the members of the CAZ, with mentia also of the advantages here for testing the whole delivery system a3 well as obtaining scientific information, and they remmended it be investigated. AFSYP representatives the3 talked with &neral Fields (Faul. Fine and Col'Hnston were also there) and theg said they would initiate the investigation of the possibility of havidg one of the shot3 changed fYm a raft to an 3ir buxt on Castle.

Oneofthe pA.maryreascms givenbBethewas evidencefrdnM.ke Shot that there was possfbly sane venting of the atnosphere. This evidence . could al.80 indicate refraction due to atmospheric inhcmgeneities. One of the other interests fzwz the m3litar-y standpoint is an opportunity to cmpare themal radiation results Arm Ung Shot with a larger weapon.

Ogle outlined the present status of this propos&L, ItreachedLAS~ about trJ0 week3 ago and there was a meeting hem of the people concerned. The conclusion of that meeting was that we are very much opposed to such a shot. There are two rea3on3. J Di~M.on cauldprobablycarrpoutthe tests, but it would be much more of a load. The secoxxi and more inprtarrt masonisthatwe have nothingto airdmpwithinthattime. Thebcmbs that are to be prooftested at Castle will bsb&it in such a manner that theoretically they could be dmpped fran a plane (e.g., they will have etc.), but in fact none of the ballistics will have sufficient tests m

fins,

them by that time. For example, the air drops ozx the systemswill. not be done until sanethinglike a year &an&y. We are umilliq to put on these bcmbs, which we don't ~UW very much about, as additional uncertainty that canes about because of having to caxr~r them around in a plane,then dropth~sndnotknmexactlywhattheyarelike the la3t half hour or so.

so, frm the point ofviewofIASL, thebanbswill not be in 3uch a 3ituation that

point ofview, the Laboratory *would be w%ling to drop them. Fran J Ditieionrs we w&d have to carry both methods of testing forard, the3

-l4-

air drop theu if we could, feasible afier tests.

change to barges if the air drop did not appear

Therefore, a letter has gone fran Bradbury to either fields or Dean, stating these things. Bradbury has since talked to Bethe, but the results of this are not knmn. Ogle canonlyputit this way: as farasthe Laboratory here is concerned, we are s-tremmusly against this. If 'Jashington decrees that it be done we All air drop scnething-me not sure it wiu go off, it may stop scme of the other shots and xA3.l elnost certainly mean the other shots ~3l.l be late, because xe would have to con- centrate on this one at the expense of the others. The feeling is that the over-all position of the country frm the point of view of having these bombs will be worsened by such a test.

Scmille and Thaler explained the reasons for this proposal. First of all, the JCS have, in recczxnentig the deep undemater shot, specifically said they would like toacmpare the effects of such a shot with a surface shot in deep water, this to see if the operational ,and develolxmnt people can get away frm depth charges, etc., altogether. (If they can do almost as well frm the point of vim of submarines and a task force array with a surface shot in deep water as with an undemater burst, this would change their concept.) Asked whether this is not amenable to calculation, Scoville replied. that unfortunately there is no existing theory applicable to the calculation of undemater pressures fmn a surface burst because all the cslculations break off at the boundary layer. Thaler added that scme work is now in process with scsled charges, but it is not clear that results fran this will be applicable to nuclear detonations.

Another point is that one wants to check the &tmzentation that vEL be used in the deep underwater shot. Thsler qilainedthatallthe in&u- nerttation T&XL be checked by conventional explosives, but proper checks require a time constant xM.ch is not available fmn conventional explosives. The participation‘in this t&t muld not be a field test of the instxmenta- tion as such, but against the conditions obtaini& in Zigmm.

The point, then, would be to r;leasure undemater pressures at scme depth at which s&marines might be, at so38 distance on both this shot and !!igwaz. The depth, according to Thaler, would be equal to or greater than & charge radii-this is 0,135 times the cube mot of the charge radius for HE; for a 54JT yield, the depth would be around 1OCC ft.

He continued: the region of Interest for submarines is in the range and having sozne estinate of the yield, they could calculate

by s&g lam how far away the instruments should be. (Ogle pointed out

-15-

they had Eaid earlier they did DO% kus% scaling, then should use ttrO b&s with about the same yield. be opp~rhhts.

Yes, they would prefer this, but must, They have a range buIltintothe pressure-measuring

instxummts to cover detiationa from scaling laws.) Thsler argued further that in a lagoon shot one does not have sn inf%ite medium, a generalization upon which scaling laws are based, but can have channeling, surface and bottan reflections, etc. He added that theq intend to instru- ment one of the lagoon shots also, but for another reason (see discussion under Project 1.5).

There are more points: the scale work on base

the whole contamination problem-for sxsmple, surge- indicates that quite a different effect may

occur in deep aud shall&r water. Also, if one conducts an experiment in deep water, essentially a homogeneous medium, it is felt one could under- stand better the results from a shallow water burst, having done Me good experiment which is analyzable,

Ogle agreed with these points in genersl, if they would just do this with a 2CMT shot (3OT at Castle). Thaler said he has talked with Hartmann and others who feel this is a good chsnce and should not be overlooked; they have confidence in being able to go fraa these results to predictions on smaller shots.

Ponel asked if the time duration of the pressure wave in the water isimportant. Th&er replied that it is, Fran the point of dew of ship damage; the modes of failure are~ca3lrpletel.y different if it is given an impulse or squeezed slowly. Ponelthuu&tthis wouldbe somarkedly different in a surface and unden&er burst, perhaps by factors of 1000, that one could not scale with confidence. Thaler did nut agree. Porzel elaborated: the phsncmsnologgwhich occurs onnuclear e@.osions durhg the time the energy is being transmitted to the water is so different in the two cases that the resultant pressure wave may w&CL not scale. In nuclear explosions this transmission undergoes a marked transition just about the tine one gets down to the pressure levels which occur in HZ, ao that small charge scaling up to nuclsar charges is really _trsaaherous in thisd-. concerned, the

Insofar as scaling for big yields in nuclear qiUsions is peak pressures should reasonably follar pretty well defined

scaling laws, but the durations he was not so sure of. is of prime interest,

Ifpsakpressure then it is a safe encmgb bet to trust scaling laws,

but if the tine constant is important, it is a dangerous thing to do.

The site recasnended by the 3oD for this shot is off the southwest comer of Bikini Atoll, about a mile and three quarters .on the ocean side of Bokoroquru. Theler has been looking into this and has found that the old BiEni-Charlie Seabee moorings are st3J.l good, wiXl be for the next thirty Years. .A tentative mooring system has been yorked out, involving two lines and a SeaGale engine tomaintain constant tension onthelines. ThoHydrographic Officehas furnished infoxmationonwaveheightand

roughness, KM speed, etc: these numbers aay the waves have a meximum amplitude of 2 ft (from crest to trough), and that the wind speed averages 20 knots, constant fram the .C ti about February throu& July.

SO far as LXZ is concerned, such a shot is not impossible nor does it involve major philosopFii.cal problema like the air burst, but it is considerably more difficult operationsU.y. We would, ~II the first place, prefer a different 8ite, one where we could use the same photo station&, t3mi.q WiFCB, end gamma stations as for the other barge shots. However, the wster is rough outside the lagoan at any place where this would be possible, we would not trust the presently proposed methods of putting the banb on a barge and would probably have to use a ship.

A-9 far as the bcmb itself is concerned, one would probably talk of a The only experinent that we would almost ce&xinly lose would be hign-speed case photography, t.hich can be done at the distancea we propose, - 3milea,with almoat as good resolutionas youlike,butwhich requires a very mall field of tiew end could not tolerate the barge's moviig about appreciably. (It could stand 1 ft or so, but n&20 i%, for scanple.)

Aasum3ig this was the the follu&ng would be required in the way of additional ccmstruct3on: another 10 or 12 ties of timing line; ,two new uhoto taxers which would probably hsve to be buis after the

This is very close to the Jocation and might mean semous fall-out problems; In addition to pro%ble loss of the high- speed photography, we would be in trouble on the telemetered alpha measure- ment, which uses a tire system: this we would either lose or have to run trires from susiewhere close to the bomb through the deep xatcr to a station. All these things are not impossible but would add quite appreciably to the cost and effort.

Asked for a quick (and unoff3.cial) estimate of the additional cost with regard to dnatrrsnentation, Campbell would guess at a half-million dollars (this is the price of 2 tcrwers plus 20 miles of wire). Hckrever, he felt a more setioua difpiculty than coat was the proAmity of that location to . Th3.a means cables would havetobe run audtowera built between sh6ts~‘~troublea in mooring ~_hot_~al+nda, and lose of a ph&o station. Thia is about 9 miles from the and there are. structures closer than that.

This subject was discussed again next daywith Graves in attendance. The finalagreementwaa as followa. LASL feelsthatthisis operationally feasible and can be done, but cannot supply the extra money (in the order of magnitude of a million dollars) r;hich it will cost. I!e xii explore further fran the logistic point of view whether, if the mone;r is raised, the work can be daue (e.g., see whether Spain can take on the additional effort). The EOD will decide whether such a test is worth that amount of money to them and if so, wiXL see if they can get it. If they can, end our investigations indicate it is possible, the shot will be made in that manner*

-17-

It was further armed that if such a test ie done it t&ll be the since this has the ls:est predktod field of the sericm. kWePer

znm?i.sonepoint: about a 5% probability dststhatthe Wm. be fired. If it is not the ahot will have to be one of the This w-ill not be knts~unt3.l after Upshot. The DOD should plan, however, on a yield range fran about200KTta scm&hinglikelIRI.

The Hydrographic Office has people available mm who are qualified to g6 out and observe noxmal wave heights inside and outaide the lagoon, correlate these with wInd cmditiona, etc. Scovillethought it a good idea to send someone out now, since this is the same time of year, and Graves agreed. Scoville zill talk Keith the Hydrogxqhic Ofrice and see what support is needed; Graveswill contact Swabout this. Inaddition, - R!liJ has a barge moored now at,the Atoll with a man living on it, x%o will stay there for several mmths.

x3xIOI? Iv DOD Z?tOGiUI~S

H. ScoKLle, 11. En~sley, G. Blti. et al

A. G3ERAL DISCXJSSIO:~

O&e began the discussion by remarldng that on the DCD proposals and thought it clear that in overlaps in that several eqerinents will get the

he had read the papers sac cases there may be same data, in which case

it behooves us to correlate this as much as possible.

For instance, we will be doing some thermal l.-ork. We do not plan to do any total thermal measurements because we arc not convinced that WSL can learn anything frau this work which is rppUcable to our particular Interests. !-fe will probably-measure pov&~-rne. JIost of the thermal work will be concentrated 3n the' and is largely devoted to an understanding of the &%&xQ. processes going on in the air at that time. This is not pertinent to effects considexztions and is probably not of concern to the DOD.

Probably the only other place where there might be'duplication is in the program formeasurfngtotal number of neutrons. There our plans are not at sll fixed yet. lie are not convinced we can make any measurements by techniques used before and get an answer that we need. This is largely due to the fact that the neutrons, of course, have canparatively short mean free path6 ia &and we do not think we can talk of recoPerFng inside 1000 fls fram

having to &rspolate cmde to field the

most of these b&s, 80 that~the error introduced 6y back to the bomb probably makes the measurements too infozmatian we need.

program as it atands RDB on17 December.

Scoville presented a little history on the DOD today. An outline of a program was presented to the _. Theirnewpolicyisto approve a programingeneraltenns, ratherthan project by project, so that approval was obtained in December from the RDB of a rather genersJi.zed program covering the measurenents that were considered necessary as of that time. Since that period, the projects have been discussed in considerable detail with various agencies that night

-19-

make the measurements and were interested in the results, details were worked out and the reault is the program as it will be presented today.

After the FlDB approved this program they went to the Secretary of Defense and asked them to release the monq (five !nilUian dollars of B&D runds). Then there was a change of a-&ration with a naw econcmic pold.q, and it became neceaaaxy to x-es&a&t the proposal. At the nape& the program is again in the FDB office; it is not thought theg will raview it a& but will probably send it back recmmnding the may be made available. On the other hand, the DOD cannot count the dollars in hand until they get tham. There is a certajnamountof so-called preliminarypl~ money which can be committed now for projects which are certain to be carriedout.

(It would appear that the only thing we can do today is to go ahead on the aaaumption that the projects wUl get their money, and do the beat we can if scxe of them do not.)

The pro- includes two projects which were not approved by the RDB ti December but were left tentative pending more infozmatiou. tally earmarked these two projecta as baing open to question.)

(AFSWP speciii- One was the

long-range detection program, onwhich appruvalwaalef't pendinguntil the next CA3 meeting which was on 10 February. The question here concerned

. etiuation of the programa, in part beczuae of the ti&t aecux5ty B thi8 work.

The other project was the BuShips proposal to evaluate at&c warfare countermeasures byuaingt~~o drone-operated Eberty ships, one ofwhich would be fUly equipped with aU the devices which have been worked out to protect and decontsninate Naval vessels, the other one not so equipped, They would position these outside the blast range but within the range where they would be aurelycontsminatad. The propoaalwaanot approved the fYLrst tine, but was resubmitted with more details and was then approved by the CAE. This, then, should be added to the program as o&!nally approved. (For &rther discussion of this project, see 6.4, below.)

The rest of the afbernom was devoted to going through the prograina, project by project, with Kingsley conducting the diacuaaion. He mplained that he only got into this last Thursday, so would call on hia colleagues where nece88aFg. As stated above, the prom was developed laat fall, requesting the services to at&nit their concepts of what programs they needed, the results being worked over by AFWP, consulting with the services and the various laboratorlea, and boiled down into an integrated program. The outline presented today was predicti on four types of ahota: surface bursts on the ground, in deep water, and in the lagoon, and an air burst.

This would be similar to Coxts work on Ivy, and is proposed on about the Ei.ke shot scale of effort as a check point on 1.1. O@e questioned this on the basis that there seems to be reasonable agreement on Xie between prediction and measurement. regions.

Scoville said this is not true in higher pressure Porsel said the mortars caught sune of these and they do agree-

he thought what the DGD meant was not higher pressures but further out, and this has to do with varying atmospheric hcnogeneity. Ogle commented that the things having to do with atmospherics need further investigation.

1.1 Blast &asurements by Photography (NOL4. J. Aronson)

l.la Free Air Pressures (Rocket Trails)

l.lb Precursor Phencmena (Rocket Trails)

1.1~ Base Surge Phenanena

Asked the reason for making free-air pressure measurements, Blunda . replied that this is just about a routine measurement with them, in other words, they feel that in the indefinite future they should get this at everyopportunitytheycan. If there is an operational reason on sac particular shot for not making these, they might be willing to give a point.

It was agreed that the object is to get in the state where one can predict with the accuracy desired. However, they do not think they are in that state yet, for hi&-yield weapons.

Ponel stated that as far as the valaes on Hike ark concerned, even the enormous perturbation which enters because of its being a surface burst makes very little difference. p%h curve; are typicsl on Elike of a

. agreement with Kingonthe fireball and rockets on King. He felt the Itike results demonstrated the basic validity of the scaling laws.

Ogle suggested that xhile this measurement may not yield much more information than is already available on the ground, it might give valuable data fran higher regions which are in a variable atmosphere. Aronson did not think the rockets would go up high enough for that, but said this is a ccxnpara- tively simple experiment and one should nat throw away data.

1.2 Air Overpressures as Rrnction of Time and Distance Along the Ground (I?RL,SRI, Sandia)

Scwillc agreed that if one can predict vtithin l@, measurements were not necessary, but he did not think this is true yet. Blunda felt that if the PDB approved this and it does not interfere xith diagnostic measure- ments, its inclusion should not be argued. EIc painted out that we only have data on one large-yield surface shot, and recalled the Buster blast measure- ments. Tears flowed like wine.

Cax proposed to go up to about 200 psi for these measurements, since he had no faith in the Ivy measurements over 20 psi. ERL, SRI, and Sandia have all expressed interest in this work. One of the proposals for measuring this on the prater shots is to measure the rate of travel of the shock along the water photographically. (3l. agreed that this is a desirable method, clean and simple.) Also, BRT., will prooftest at Knothole scw 60 self-recording pressure-tine gauges, which should take stxze of the strain off the instrumentation.

Elunda xlshed to add that if the DOD measurements can all be done at Eikdni, they would have no program on &ix&ok.

included,

1.3

Ogle was still not convinced much instrumentation should be agreed that same was warranted.

Free Air Pressures as a Function of Time (Parachute-suspended Canisters) -(AFCRC)

This project has been canied by AK!!?, was not presented as a requirement by the Air Force, They would want it definitely if there is an airburst;ifnot, ,iFWP would ask the Air Force to re+zcamine it and recertify that thev do not xurt this test. If they are satisfied with the Hike resuIts, iLFSJP for a

k&I not push it auy further. !&y should have that decision next week surface shot.

1,4 Shock ';!inds and Afterwinds - (Sandia)

Cax has said he feels there-should be a check on his Gike results, and ScoCtle thought this would involve instrumentation at two stations. There is interest in the precursor stage, which is of more importance on an air drop but Thaler thought that even on a surface burst there is a definite

s chance of a preoursor, if there is enough thermal flux ahead of the shock wave.

1.5 Under;r;il;er Pressure-Time Neasurements - (013, UOL)

These have already had some discussion (see Section III, B). They are desired both in the lagoon and for the deep water shot, as stated earlier, for different reasons the lagoon work is in connection with harbor defense interests.

-22-

Thaler explained his plans for instnmentation. For the surface shot in deep water, positioning would be something as in the sketch, with two strings, eight pressure-sensing elements per string, enabling a

i-

depth vatition frcxn a region 200 ft ct)(' do& to 1000 ft (the interesting region for suIxaarines).

Barge

For the lagoon measurements, they would recamnended by L?SL as a good one, using a series three, possibly four) which would contain probably

Instrumentation

participate in the shot of stations (probably six to eight pressure-

sensing elements per station, and in addition employing ball crusher gauges for peak pressure.

. The pressure-eensing elements wuld be mounted on tuna cans

(weight- 1 ton apiece), design of xhich will begin Just as soon as Thsler gets back to ~~ashington. He added that he would be unxUlin to 40 this experinent if they chose the other location (north of BiI&i for the shot, P since-the water there is so rough it would mean worEng in 9 or 10 ft swells.

?ronson stated that NOL is considering adding a number of channels to this measurement to get more data points.

1.6 Acoustic Pressure Signals in !;Tater - (ONR)

This is an off-site experiment, involves no personnel nor inatru- mentation in the Atolls.

1.7 Xater Yave Studies - (ONR, ML)

Interest is in such measurements in both deep and shallow water and also for scme neasurements going up a beach.

1.8 Close-in Ground Accelerations (SRI, Bi??, Sendia)

-%3-

Weryone is agreed this should be very limited, but should be done.

2.2 Gzzrz XxIistion Do3c ?sto vs TFne - (XL)

It ~23 agreed thcrc is probably no point in making these ncasurements on the Berkeley b&s since they do not represent an oper- ationally significant situation. Scoville said it was his thought that IXL muld cover + "hevery ezrlyintervcl, andtheyare not par!Acularly interested ln the high-speed radiation except to seprate the two categories (i.e., did it coxe qtickly or as Q result of fall. out). iK!ik thou@t they should be interested in this so theg could #ve data on the source to Rand or someone to calcul.ate it, with regard to effects on aircraft and &he like. Gdle w that LiSL will ,make these measurements only on

ZL will use the equipllent employed by Costrell in the past, with even sla,ter time resolution than before. The devices wiIl be self-contained, with no telephone wires this time.

Dose ratovstimemeasurements are planned only for BiMrri.

2.3 i?JeutKm Flax an@ Spectrum Heasurements - (IJRL, NRDL)

jTLbinati.ng the air burst, this is shot. (LAX, will make such measurements in as on Jughead; Ogle did not know :;tiether we would he think UCF!! planned to.)

Scavillethinks it is a question of

planned for only one surface great detail as we know hou do it any place else, nor did

getting the people who will do this for the D!?D and the people here together and working out a cunbhed P=W=* 2aUk suggested this is also true for the gamma projects.

The reason for this pmjed is that DOD Just do not have yry data on this, and also want to tie it into ProJect 4.1.

2.4 Neutronand Gamr~-rayshielding- (CRL)

Scoville stated it was their feeling this has rather limited value; on the other hand, the effort involved here if saneone else is measuring the neutrons consists only of puttimg in a few more detectors.

2.5 Fall-out Distribution Studies -@RDL, CRL)

To be done at ?3ikini. This measurement will duplicate the DAN buoy work 611 T'fie (except that results were disappointing on Hike because the

fajJ.-out did not f&J. where it was expected to). The ZDB rated this project very highly, aud ogle would agree with this.

2.6 Rdiochendcal JbdpiS of Ground Coutmination (Off-site Lab Studies) - (NUIL, CRL)

This' pertains to study of the smples frm 2.5. A great many agencies will be interested in these results, and it was :;coville~s feeling that the people who want the ultimate answer should analyze the fall-out samples.

2.7 Early Cloud Sau@ing Techniques

",covUle explained that this project had been put in as a result of discussions with Graves in ';l'ashington. The thought w3S that probably in the t&e available for Castle one could not develop a systei~ which muld be the fFnal one for cloud sampUng,butthat various approaches couldbe investigated. He thought the primry requirement for this work would be frcsn the two AX laboratories (LUL and U@L). The DOD does have an interest but it is more minor: in order to snalyze the fall4 problm properly, they need to know the distribution of radioactivity throughout the cloud at about the tine the cloud becanes stabilized. However, if the questions were ansuhred fmii LA;Lta point of view, this would satisfy the DOD mquiremnt as well. .

‘lb groups have b,e e n asked to look into it: the Chemical Corps has contacted the Amy guided missile people, aud NRDL, the Navy missile people.

After discussicm, it was decided that this project should be dropped RmtheDODprogram, since it is primarily of interest to the people who use the ssnples, and that LASL should be charged with the responsibility of camng out investigatiom of this nature. Hooper stated that LASL has already made plans for Cast&~ sazr@ing to FLilpill the requirments of the Chezical Center, UhSL, AFOOT, and XX,: there xill be one high-zltltu& saqls (up to a majdmim ofg,OOO ft), other samples between 43,ooO end 53,000 ft, to be colletied xith named aircnft.

g:C is prepared to make 2 theoretic?1 study of this problem also and, at our request, will investigate the FSSibility of @ded missiles.

Damage to %ructures - (OC3)

It is desired, if possible, to Study the pressures on the OCPs multi-storied building on Zngebl, the 3.1.1 structure of Greenhouse.

.‘lco~UI.c said they had talked of doing this on Ime Shot, decided it 1~~s not worthwhile, snd x-m.- xished they had done BO~ However, if the shot is moved to ,nigili, they would drop this.

This project also involves constraction of a cubicle duplicating the 3.1 Dmthole cubicle, to be near the OCZ structure. If the shot moves to RigiU., theywouldwant the cubicle on Bikini.

Ogle suggested that unless they want measurements in conjunction with the old OCE structure, it would be much better to do them on BiUni, since Enggbi is still quite hot and there tid be trouble instrumanting the stxuctures. They agreed that if they could not instrucleat the OCE structure, either because Engebi is too hot or because the ehot Is too far away, the 3.1.1 portion of the project would be out but they would still want the cube on BUdni, This stntcture is to give me check point with the Knothole test and is all that is proposed in the line of test buildings. Location desired for the cube is in the ZO-psi region.

3.2 Crater a3uvey and Evaluation - (BRL)

(Only the survey part bears on the operation overseas.) The DOD are amdousto getallthe craterdatathey can,wouldmakewhatsurVeys thq could within the lagoon on the island and lagoon shots.

Ogle vould argue that this is an automatic thing anyway; we have to know this, so we request H&N to make these surveys and they have done so In detail in the past. He asked if this were not anough, why make it another pmject?

The DOD plans were to get photography using the Axmy Uap Service personnel, as sm as possible af'ter the shot before there has been any back- f55ng of the lip, etc. !Rqwouldthenuse a smallboattomake atraverse of the crater when this became possible, using a fathaneter to get points at the interfaces Xater indicated in the sketch. The objection to a late survey is that this would measure only Mud

the apparent crater instead of the actual one. 1 Cacked-up coral

x coral

!l'hedifficuUy ofgsttingin earl.y,because ofthe contamination, wasmentioned, and the paint wasmsdethatthereuas reallynohurry, just so it happened before the next shot. Porzel thought one should make the survey as early as possible because there is &.dence that the Nike crater shifted quite a bit for several days. Blundaagrsed,andexplainedhow

inportant thie is vxlth regard to harbor considerations and the like. They tiah to get a correlation with HZ work-in this connection they would, of ccnzr~e, prefer a shot on the bottan but would try to correlAe different types of bottaas with HZ shots.

Dltmda sat: no objection to letting I&D do this work if they would do L)O as soon as possible and if it were tied dWM as a project so they would write a report on it. He thought emphasis should be placed on the fact that this is an important effect.

If the DOD did this, Kings;leywould guess it would require seething of the order of two people and a boat. The photogrqhs include aerial. photography and Ogle asked if they would be XLUng to let Lookout I-fountain take the before and after pictures. Scoville guessed they would.

4.1 Neutron Dosimetrp t&h Z-Lice - (ANCCS, NRDL)

ScoxU3.e explained that this ia different irOn Carterts project in the past there he measured the mean lethal range. The object here is to putoutmice at distance incrementethatmightbe important fraz amilitary point of view--never mind if lOO$ get killed at one place and none at the n&the object is to correlate the esical phenanena with the biological response. Sccmille said he was sorry to admit it but they do not have these data, azxi thie ie the only place he would say that a biological method is betterthana physical one.

Ogle mentioned a point which he vas sure they were aware of: as the yield goes up, the blast and thenal effects become more serious relative to neutron effects, so that if mice are placed where neutrons will hurt them they will be Wed by blast and them. He thou&t there were enou& neutronmeasurementsmade onM.kethatthisinfoxmtion conldbe gained from them. (Scoville pointed out that FTp do p&have the Ivy neutron data, and they are quite anxicms to get it.) Ogle thought to get the dosages one wouldwant,themi.cewouldhavetobe axvundlOOO=I.200 yda;thehigh-energy neutzunfluxwillnot bemuoh greaterthan- Wee, and1OOOydsrvouldbo right in the crater. It se-d to him that they must be taudng of what happen6 because of the difference in neutron spectrum fxw.u a fission bcmb. To find this out, one tid have to be in a region where there is an appreci- able high-energg neutron flux and because of the air attenuation, this must be close.

Scudlle said that he had not seen the data fran I-?&e Y&. For a2O=Iiib&,one get6 a lethal range of neutrons at 1400 yds. Gs Ogle sayingthat for a lOGiT b& the lethal range is the same? Essentially,

rc?pliod Ogle, as far as fast neutrons cm concerned. Scovi.llo stated that .

if t!xi.s 1s the cast, there is no point in the expcri~~crxt. He would say that before they r;lan further on this, they should see the data.

If 4.1 is done, it will apparently not ba necessary to have the mice born and bred in the Pacific4coville thought they would be content to flythem out and back. They would, however, probably want to do a spleen- thymes study at the Atoll, and would require lab facilities znd housing for the mice.

The 'agreement was to leave this project tentative, and theg will r+exz&ne it in the light of data to be flarnished by LASL. It ms ScoxiX.e*s feeling that in view of Ogle's cumnents there is Trobably no point in doing the experizuent; however, .both medical panels were quite in favor of this, and it is the only biomedical project.

?IxGwx 6 - SZKYIF; 3'._UIZ3T AilD 'iXHXIQEZ,S

6.1 3aluation of Indirect i3a3Go &mage dssessmerrt Techniques - (;;'ZX)

This is planned for eU shots, and is done more or less auto- Eticw, Continuation df the work is desired by WAX because they are continually nodifsiz1g their IZDA techniques.

6.2 Zffect of Blast, Gust and Thermal Zadiation on Aircraft in Flight - (I?ADC)

d 3-36 and a B-47 have been requested for these measuxments. Xo drones will be used. C!@.e had no question as to the desirability of the measurements in general, but suggested they might better be made in Nevada, Scoville reglied that the rclztive effect of thermal and blast effects would be different on these shots.

-2&

4.3 Electromagnetic Effects - (ESL)

before Ivy SUfflCi8Ilt

6.4

ART,15 wishes to m-exminethis project. The proposal csmein data mm reduced, and Scmille stated that if these data ase theyxUlnot.mnttodothisagain.

Proof Testing of kmic Yarfare Countermeasures - (NRDL, CRL)

techniques As discussed above, this is the BuShips proposal to test the having to do with dec ontminating a ship,invol~m3nt closures,

spny qat-, etc., and would entail two drone Liberty ships, cm8 equipped -&h all the 2: countemeasures, the other not so equipped. It is apparently quite importaxt to the Navy, since further design and production of these devices will hinge on the results. They discussed havingth'e ships manned and fkrther awsy but decided the data to be gained by putting th8m closer and using drones uew worth the increased cost and effort. They want them inside a possible base surge, if there is one, but sufficie&y outside the blast range; distances like 6 to 10 miles are behg talked of. The ships must be moving since the spray system operated only if there is a mlative novemnt to the vessel.

O&e asked why it was necessaxy to test these countenmasums close to a bazb, why not spray them with debris fmn a pile? Scoville replied that the activity must be in aem&ol foxm, the lssy it is. received fran a shot.

The greatest problem here is an opemtionsl one with regard to thedronecontml. Cowart statedthattheTaskForcehas discussedthis- there has been consideration of controlling the ships by a plane a, or -another ship-and have concluded ituUl require a clear channel q&em, a group of radio frequencies (the mmber not yet detemimd), in order to ensure safety. There is alsoa rw for a hellcopter to take the crebls off before shot time which would be ti addition to the requirenersts already sulmd.tted.

The seriousness ofthe fkequencypmblg;lhas not yet beeninwsti- gated, but it muld appear that if this can be solved the project can be carriedout. Scoville thought they wished to participate on the deep water shot and onelarge raft shut, so astohave one clean situationand one mudded tq with coti, for application to harbor studies.

(e.g Ituas suggestedthat this project shouldbringalongz third ship

., an AP9) as part of their package dtzl, for control and to house the crews andexpex5mentalpersonnel.

?IDxxAl*I 7 - LCXG iL”XG2 DdXTX’Z!iT (AFQAT-1)

7.1 Zlectrcmagnetic lXatJiatim CaXbratioz

7.2 Detection of >Irborne Lov-i"requency Sound fran At&c mosias

7.3 L3buni.c Keasurexnts

These are all off-site it would ie nice to Snd out what

projects. Noparticular happened on Ivy.

cament except that

7.4 Calibration Analysis of A-Ba& Debris

This project involves aircraft based + ?Zniwetok- aud is done in ~?unction with the Ty\.YL ~ocherzist~ wo_& %3X'-1 takes gas sazmles. get several jnches of Spencets filter papers, etc.

Px!GRX 8 - !!?xEEizL >ESulEKmS

8.1 Themal i3adiation I!eazuremzuts - X?DL

ScovFlle ztated they had talked ziith Stemrt last week ti he zde the statemmt that if USL had no objections he would Uke to neazurz the total themal energy as part of his IASL Castle progmz, that it xould not be too much extra effort for him. If he-does this, the DCD wiU cancsl. this whole progrm, since 8.1is the only project.

.

This arrangement is satisfactory to LASL aud it was so agreed. Stuart will have instzwmntation an four of the six shots, the planz largely coucemed with early tines but once the stations are there the total therz neasurenentviU.benoproblem, He vill masurc kms;hetic attemation aqmy because it is a photognphic requiremnt.

This agreement is on the basis of no zir drops. ZhcUd there be such, Sco&Ue felt there should be CLOFB instxvzmxtation.

The DCD is interested in the powz-time muumne~ts, but did not plan a project for it since LASL will make these Studies. As for rxazure- ments frcm a plane, their feetig ms that it is zmt worth the effofi of z&&g this masurement in the air-they are not ooncerned xith the them ZYK~C~- tion as a function of distance, how it got there, nor the atnozphoric ms- mission, all they care about ir? h~~~much flux was received and its effects, md feel this is adequately covered by Project 6.2. Stewart also told then he would make a cakulation for then based ou his surface neazur=errtz. Ogle agreed that if one knows :;hat the plane received, he can probably figure out the attenuation as well as it is needed. !i'he onlyotherpoint~xbichwould

m&e him interested in a air measurement has to do with the t;mmetry effect which in principle one can 8bo Cdtiate With no tr0u'bl.e. Thatis,if ' one is on the ground he i6 lOOking at On0 quarter Of 8 Sphere, if up in the air, at a hemisphere. This apparently showed up gite 3trongly on Piike, but ss he remembered it it came out about as calculations would irk&ate.

ScovUle said theDODwould pro2z=.

PROGRAM 9- SUPPGRTINGMUSUREMZiTS

ptup asmll nominal sumforthis

9.1 TechzCcal Photogaphy - (E&G and Sigu;l Corps)

9.2 TinaW Signals - EG&G)

9.3 Meteorological Documentation

Ogle questioned&y these should be designated as projects, since they appear to be more in the line of support functions, Rx aan@e, the timing ard firing work has been set up 8s a separate task unit. Photosaphy oanprobahlybehandledas itwas for Ivy, sinceEG%Gare in this already. The Task Force will supply a large weather service which sbauld be sufficient, and there are also requirements for certain atmspheric corxUtions at ahot time becauseof the ball offirephotography,

ScoviUe replied that for themthis was an orgaiizational prolibn, they must get money appropriated for these setices and have to account for the cost. They have also found it useful to have one person worry about and coordinate all requirements of this sort. Therefore, they would like to keep thisprogremfor &ninistrativepurposes, butwouldnotrequire reports,

There will be a large Ilumber of requests for photography from the DOD experimenters, srppng then~Aronson~s blast projects (this uiU include aerial n-&ion pictures for shock velocity over vater and base surge); crater survey) locating Thaler*s buys. The present plan is for photo stations on Bogellua, Parry, BikiniUlasd, Enyu, ard veryproWiLythe Mackcoralhead. There is else the possibility of having the seme sort of stations as were on Engebi for Mike shot, that ia, cameras in steel boxes for which ve furnished the concrete bases. Thismightbedoneinafeuplaces uhereaigmls are available. E&Guill do aerial photographyfromthepointof view of cloud coverage.

TheDODwouldlike to have EG&Gdo their photography, hadmentioned theSignel.CMps justincaseEG&Gvere too busy todo it. Aronsonuouldlike to contact thesn directly, especially since one my possibly need to activate additional camerastations. (Ogle saidthatatthemaentve probably~~~ their pi3ns better than they do.)

Scovillevas reasonably sure the.TaskForce canfurnish meteorological data they need; it is just a question of collecting requirementsfrcimthe various projects.

all the the

-31-

D. ?Z!GSEt S SlJX2iXY OF FQRXOII?G DISCUSIO:T

(The Zollodng is probably not vefiatti, but quotes and the fir& and aedond person p&no& are used for conve&nce;)

"Program 1; You feel that 1.2 should be U&ted as much as-possible. This is a check

(mmda: Vanwemakethat *we the Hike data*?n)

t~Program 2: No excepticms. It 2.4. Project 2.7 is to be dropped if work. -hemore, the people are to concerned) and discuss thhtz

"Program 3: No exceptialnr. It

an photography.w in mx&er of stations

take suff%cient stations to atqitent

was ourvoluntaryagreemnttore-examine you infomusthatyou are doingthis get together (L!GL and DOD ezqetienters

is understood that the 3.1.1 structure v,dl~.not be instmmentedifthe shot is onRiglli. The other stnacture (the cube) will. be

(C&ex *Set

t,Program 41 them the pertinent

Vrograln 6r

on Bikini.”

Lookout Muntain do the photogmphy.n)

118 will re-mmdne.~? (Scoville again reqxmts Ogle to aend data,.) .YProbably the project will be dropped."

No exceptions f+rcm you, Ye will re-examine 6.4 oursolves.~

N-Y: ::I would like to nention in regard to the drone ships-if it . ems to a question of a control ship rather than a control plane, the Sstes, the %&ova, and the LSD all have other jobs, so if rehearsals are dorm, you will need another ship. I don% fod we can use one of the ships already requested.Vf It seemdto Ogle that 6.4 depends upon a statment fraz the Task Force as to how serious these objections are. Comrt stated that they have 1ookedatit;if scxaecmehasthemaneyandthe frequemyprobleu canbe solved, they can do It-but he thought the frequency problem is serious. We remarked that at least two of these shots will have televisioa titoring of theDDsyst~,~ch~takeupagood-sizedbuld. Booperwa~~tedto mntion that last year we overldded the electronic sysixm aboard the Estcs rather dangerously, wished to emphasize more than ever for the DOD to th5nk in terna of a support ship for the two Puberty ships.)

“Program 7: 110 excepti0na.n

q+ogram 8: (olzly ProJect 8.1) - we are dropping, with the undelc ~rurn~_npthat~~~~will~et~the~measrwments."

vrogrm 9: Is to be dropped which we may mnt to CaIzy."

ae a program except for possibly 9.1,

(Oglewouldbe happierifthey wauldaot, would @8tnoteinthe pmjecta where EXZG ia concerned that they are doing the technical photogram,)

c. F!Jl&R I)ISCuSSION

Table 1 6umnarizea c~zt.U 8upplemQxrt

Came&a on the Table

Ma) Lib)

l.lc

1.2

OFPRXNECTS -Personnel, Retquirements, Shut Participation, etc.

thie portionofthe discussion. The folLmi.ng the Lfomation contained therein.

Have no dructuree but muat be tied in vzith @G&G% stztions).

!3etweem-shot problem: they have to set up _

the photo atations

rocket launchers between shots,butpre8umably thi8 couldbe donew5tbinaweek. X&G- have to mow their c8J28lg8, etc.

Again, nust be tied in with camera stations.

Aronson wants to be 8ure there is tree cleanme along the iine of Si&t .of the cameC88, 80 as nut to duplicate the King Shot situatiora.

Aa it stands nux, it is 3 agencies, Z?J, EXL, Sandia Corp. There is a great deal of di8cU88iOn about the nunber of people involved.

TheinteZWJt her8 i8fnp~88UB38UptO#X) psi,higherpresms than they got cmIvy.

Ogle: either you tackle this f&m the point of view of getting your ma$or data out of aerial photogra#ry, or.you don't. If you do, then 1.2 should not need vexy mmy stations. If you don% trust photogra#xy, then why not say so?

mZhtalkabout stX.UctUZ'e8. Iftbey cannot u8e eZd.stinl~ure8 onEMw&ok, ScovZLle sayatheyprobablyvon*tbe on mere are no existing ehelters aea+where willbe snot. Campbell cannot build a Sandia-type station on the reef. ELunda suggests seeingwhat canbe done at Zmiwetokthatwillnot runtoterrlfic expeme-they donut thinklarge expendit- for shelter8 arevarr8nted. The plan for- is about 3 imtrment shelters. Thqthinkit nill probably be wiser to day off funless eelf-recording imtrrr- mcmts can be used: Campbel3 f%y8 even self-recardfag in8tnoosnt8, if they require bases, CWJ be quite expensive. Blur& does not think

-330

TAEUOFPRELPUCT:ARYRi&~ s KMTU-13 (DODPROJECTs) OPERATION CASTLEi

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WS IS mi.lL, with CX, putting scm additid collectors in the land stations.

Betxeen-ohot problems are major - reccweryandputtingthencut agd, It appears it wd.U require 2 or 3 ships Just to do this job.

2.6 Is all off-site lab studies of. samples frcm 2.5.

2.7 Is out.

SL!I!XATION 0" EiDGF?X~~ DO: 47 - (round off) - TDTJL - 50.

3.2 TO be done by DOL ?hotographybyLookout!5mntti.

SUZW~TIO:~ OF l’FW3.C.I TIE?~: 10 TOTAL - 10

4.1 This is a questian-narked progrzn, buttheyxill put scme mmbcrs dum for it.

O&e: we would IIke to knm as noon as you do laxw, what yqu propose doing with the nice before they are positioned; if it takes another island, we should know about it.

Shot ~icipation is questionable. Ogle: frm the paint of view of getting a neutron spectm - if you're on the ; yml'll gst primarilya fission spectrum. are Desz x-&the point of view of the expe&mnt, but they do not want to have nice on barges,

K3 reef. is questionable - also an they would be mrEng on (ThesYrt down xith a question -3ark.

there were neutron neasuremmts involved there.) Also an 2,3, since

They will need to shield pretty well or vill lose the nice. ScoviUe doesntt think it is worth doling the sxperlncti 3-f the effects are just -&hh 2ooo yyds. This does not rate a big structure. Ogle doesntt think you can keep a muse alive there without quite a structure, even at 2500 to 3000 yards.

TOTAL - 6

NO canents on 6.1, 6.2, - see table.

6.3 kgain, is a question-narked pmgrm, but scme tiers wre put dorm.

6.4 This is the Liberty ship deal. Personnel estimate: total of 75 for crew and experinental personnel.

- Ogle would hesitate at the mane.& to allthru column,with"Cash SupporV'

TutalmmbtmofpeqiLein DODprogramsr (=iqad3nsted=be2+.

Progranl 7s

Pro-2 50

program3 10

-%I==4 6

progran6 100

gUe88 at.

nmbar an it, which Kings+ writes flAm’