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SUMMARY REPORT 2012 - 2016
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Page 1: SUMMARY REPORT 2012 - 2016 · Migrant, traveller and refugee health ... (CI J Kaldor, PRP B Liu, CRE Fellow M Kong and other researchers) ... SUMMARY The CRE has brought ...

Newsletter of School of Public Health and Community Medicine 1

SUMMARY REPORT 2012 - 2016

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ContentsDIRECTOR’S REPORT 4SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD 6NHMRC ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR CREs 6

STREAM 1 7

ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER VACCINATION NEEDS 7

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 9WORKSHOPS 10OTHER ACTIVITIES 13

STREAM 2 15

NEONATAL AND PARENTAL VACCINATION STRATEGIES 15

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 16WORKSHOPS 18

STREAM 3 19

FRAIL ELDERLY VACCINATION 19

RESEARCH PROJECTS 20WORKSHOPS 21OTHER ACTIVITIES 23

STREAM 4 24

VACCINATION IN MIGRANTS, TRAVELLERS AND REFUGEES 24

RESEARCH PROJECTS 25WORKSHOPS 26OTHER ACTIVITIES 27

METHOD STREAMS 28

RESEARCH GRANTS SECURED BY CRE MEMBERS 34FELLOWSHIPS AWARDED TO CRE MEMBERS 35CAPACITY BUILDING - STUDENTS AND POST DOCS 36COLLABORATION AND TRANSLATION 37CRE MEMBERS’ AWARDS 38

CONTENTS

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SUMMARY 42

PUBLICATIONS 2016 43PUBLICATIONS 2015 44PUBLICATIONS 2014 45PUBLICATIONS 2013 46PUBLICATIONS 2012 47

APPENDIX - CRE Members 50

CHIEF INVESTIGATORS 50

ASSOCIATE INVESTIGATORS 52

PROFESSIONAL RESEARCH PERSONS 53

CRE FELLOWS 56

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DIRECTOR’S REPORT

We recognise the unique position of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia’s culture and history, and acknowledge them as the traditional owners of the land. The Centre for Research Excellence (CRE) in Immunisation in Under-studied and Special Risk Populations was funded from 2012-16 by the NHMRC, and is dedicated to addressing an identified gap in knowledge using high quality, multi- method research in a collaborative team environment. The mission of the CRE is to address gaps in knowledge in immunisation of under-studied and special-risk populations through research, consultation, advocacy, policy and capacity building.

The use of vaccines at the population level has increased substantially in both cost and complexity in Australia and internationally over the past decade or more. The National Immunisation Program (NIP) is the single most costly publicly-funded preventive program in Australia, making high quality research

evidence to underpin vaccine policy essential. Such evidence relating to vulnerable population subgroups at high disease risk usually remains beyond the scope of funding from government or industry. In industry-sponsored clinical trials, high- risk groups are often specifically excluded. Such research is not commercially viable and is usually outside the remit of government agencies. Yet high-risk groups suffer disproportionate morbidity and mortality, either because of less robust immunity (such as neonates, pregnant women and the frail elderly) or because of co-morbidities, under-vaccination and environmental factors (such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, migrants, travellers and refugees). The focus of the CRE is in the following four areas.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander vaccination needsNeonatal and Parental vaccination strategiesFrail elderly

Migrant, traveller and refugee health

The CRE brings together experts in the field from the University of New South Wales, The National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, The Kirby Institute, The Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Sydney and the University of Antwerp. Through the tenure of the CRE, we have held important public workshops, funded seed research projects and funded a range of talented post-doctoral researchers and research students under four streams of the CRE. It has been a pleasure to see talented young researchers build their careers in immunization research and become the next generation of researchers in Australia. The CRE team was also successful with a range of new competitive grants and research fellowships. The CRE has conducted grant- funded research and welcomed a range of new affiliates and students who have become part

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of the CRE community of practice. Throughout the five years, we have been guided by a Scientific Advisory Board chaired by Professor Margaret Burgess and enriched by numerous international experts in Immunisation. I would like to thank the SAB for their guidance.

CRE has successfully achieved its mission, contributing to new knowledge, building research capacity, advancing knowledge and translating research evidence through stakeholder engagement and advocacy. Examples of our public events include the first Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community controlled research roundtable in 2012; the first national workshop on immunisation in migrants, refugees and travelers in 2013; elderly vaccines workshop in 2014; the Immunisation advocacy workshop in 2015, the Yarning Together Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Immunisaton workshop in 2016, and the culmination of our work over 5 years, a workshop in August 2016 on the future of the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR). This final event of the CRE consolidates a common theme which we uncovered in studying special risk groups – that under-vaccination is a challenge that can be addressed by a whole of life immunization register, which makes it easier for providers to identify people at risk of under-vaccination and offer catch up vaccination. Several of our workshops including the Migrant and Refugee vaccination workshop and Elderly vaccination workshop, made a key recommendation that a whole of life immunisation register was a critical requirement to improve disease control in Australia. It was therefore exciting and fulfilling to see our key recommendation come to pass with the announcement of such a register in 2015. This

AIR workshop brought together experts in the field as well as key stakeholders from all relevant sectors to ensure that the cumulative knowledge and expertise of the CRE and it’s stakeholders can inform the optimal development of the new Australian Immunisation Register. I would like to thank the wonderful CRE team. It has been a pleasure to work together over the 5 years of the CRE with such leaders and experts, and to leave behind a legacy of young researchers, and to see one of our main recommendations to address special risk immunisation, the AIR, come to fruition. Please browse these pages and see for yourself the contributions of this CRE to advancing immunisation in special risk groups.

Professor Raina MacIntyre

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Selected CRE members

NHMRC ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR CREs

1. Generate new knowledge leading to improved health outcomes

2. Ensure effective transfer of research outcomes into health policy and/or practice

3. Develop the health and medical research workforce by providing opportunities to advance the training of new researchers, for future independent research and leadership roles

4. Facilitate collaboration

5. Record of Research and Translation Achievement

CRE’s Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) was established to provide expert advice and strategic direction for the CRE. SAB members are Professor Margaret Burgess (Chair), Dr Wendy Bissinger, Professor Lisa Maher, Professor Terry Nolan, Professor Ross Andrews, Professor Sandra Eades, Dr Margaret Kay Professor Nicholas Zwar and Professor Adrian Miller Professor David Scheifele was member of SAB until 2014

The terms of reference of the SAB are:

• To advise on the conceptualisation, methods and implementation of the CRE research program;

• To act as a source of expert advice on strategic priorities and policies relevant to the research program;

• To work with the research team to facilitate a research transfer strategy;

• To facilitate communication with government and non-government organisations and their employees;

• To review the scientific quality and outputs of the CRE research program

SAB meetings were held yearly . The last meeting was held in November 2015. SAB members commended the CRE on the high level of achievement in the life time of CRE.In terms of common themes it was noted that lack of whole life register for immunisation was important issue that cross cut CRE themes and streams. The SAB offered advice and guidance on research gaps, methods and translation.

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD

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STREAM 1

ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER

VACCINATION NEEDS

7

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ABORIGINAL

AND TORRES

STRAIT ISLANDER

VACCINATION NEEDS

Team members: AI James Ward (Stream Leader), CI Peter McIntyre, CI John Kaldor, CI Rob Menzies, CI Julie Leask, PRP Telphia Joseph, PRP Heather Gidding, PRP Tom Snelling, PRP Bette Liu.

Students and affiliates

Dr Marlene Kong – Dr Kong is the Program Head of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program at Kirby Institute.

Brendon Kelaher, - National Indigenous Immunisation Coordinator, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance.

Megan Williams – new Professiona Research Person (PRP ) for CRE , part-funded by the CRE in 2013 - 2015.

Amy Creighton – is a Gomeroi Murri woman from northern NSW and has over 40 year experience in Aboriginal affairs. Amy has completed an MPhil at the University of Sydney and was based at the Tamworth Population Health Unit for the duration of her project.

Dina Saulo-Masters epidemiologist at Kirby Institute.

Dr Jenny Royle – Immunisation Paediatrician in Victoria.

Fleur Webster – PhD student at UNSW: Her topic is ‘Immunisation delivery through Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander medical services: an examination of coverage rates and critical success factors.

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Completed research Projects

Incidence of Haemophilus influenza type a (Hib) disease in Indigenous Australians in the pre- and post-immunisation eras (CI R. Menzies)

Aboriginal Medical Services contribution to Indigenous childhood immunisation in New South Wales and evaluation of reporting of the immunisations to the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (PRP T Joseph, CI J Leask )

Developing modules for adult and adolescent immunisation on PenCAT – pilot study at Queensland Aboriginal and Islander health Council (CI R Menzies)

Gaba Binggi (Good Needles) Developing an understanding of how two Aboriginal communities see and experience immunisation during pregnancy (MPhil candidate A Creighton, CI J Leask)

Ongoing research Projects

Immunisation coverage and correlates of high coverage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Services (CI R Menzies, PhD student Fleur Webster)

Evaluation of long term effectiveness of the infant hepatitis B vaccination strategy among antenatal women in the Northern Territory and other states. (CI J Kaldor, PRP B Liu, CRE Fellow M Kong and other researchers)

Impact of Australia’s HPV vaccination program on prevalence of HPV genotypes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women attending for Pap testing (CI J Kaldor, PRP B Liu)

Linkage of the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) and State-based registers to evaluate and inform Australia’s Immunisation programs (Heather Gidding, Bette Liu, Peter McIntyre and WA researchers) ‘Identification of culturally sensitive approaches to improve immunisation coverage and timeliness of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and their families (CRE fellow J Royle, B Kelaher, CI R Menzies, W Bissinger, CI P McIntyre,A Creighton, K Russo, AI J Ward).

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

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WORKSHOPS

Participants at the 1st Aboriginal Health Research Round Table

Aboriginal Health Research Stakeholder Round Table – 3rd of DecemberCRE hosted a Stakeholder discussion on 3rd of December 2012 with the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health sector. The round table was facilitated by James Ward from CRE, and Dr Ngiare Brown and Janine Milera from the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (NACCHO), and was attended by 30 participants with expertise and an interest in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander vaccination issues from the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (NACCHO) and its affiliates, Aboriginal health councils and Aboriginal health services.

The roundtable aim was to assist the CRE with identifying research priorities in the area of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander vaccination needs from the ground up. The roundtable offered the opportunity to hear the views of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The stakeholders recommended that the focus of CRE research should be on strategies to improve immunisations coverage and timeliness across the life span, across the rural and urban parts of the country and on the issues of workforce for immunisations.

Following the roundtable, the CRE started a newsletter to roundtable delegates to keep them informed of going on activities within the stream.

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Participants at the National Indigenous Immunisation Research Workshop

National Indigenous Immunisation Workshop 2013: Lessons learnt and future directions

The Telethon Institute for Child Health Research hosted this very successful national workshop in November 2013, the workshop was held in Perth in conjunction with the CRE in Immunisation in Under Studied and Special Risk Populations and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance.The workshop brought together vaccine researchers with policy makers, service providers and interested stakeholders to present recent and current work in this field, to discuss research priorities, and to foster collaboration and research translation. CRE’s PRP Tom Snelling was the principal organiser and the CRE was represented on the organising committee. Several members of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stream of CRE attended and presented their research projects. The CRE also contributed by sponsoring Associate Professor Kelvin Kong to give a keynote presentation at the conference

The aims of the workshop were to identify priorities in Indigenous immunisation research; facilitate engagement and networking among researchers, policy makers, immunisation providers, the community and other relevant stakeholders and to facilitate implementation and translation of research into policy and practice

2nd Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Research Round Table , “ Yarning together, achieving outcomes in immunisation research for Aboriginal and Torres

Strait Islander Communities”On the 28 -29 July CRE convened a 2 days roundtable in Sydney to discuss the outcomes of the CRE, ways forward and ongoing collaborations as well as future research priorities for immunisation research, policy and capacity building for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People .

The roundtable was attended by people who work in the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services or mainstream services whose position is Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health.

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Welcome to country by Dr Peter Yanada McKenzie at the roundtable “Yarning together, achieving outcome in immunisation research for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities”.

Ms Telphia Joseph at the roundtable “Yarning together, achieving outcome in immunisation research for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities”.

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CRE member Megan Williams was awarded her PhD at UNSW, titled “Connective services: Post-prison release support in an urban Aboriginal population”. Megan is a descendant of the Wiradjuri peoples of central NSW through her father’s family. Megan’s PhD research was a study of the processes, timing and strategies for support that Aboriginal service providers, family members and Elders support people use in assisting Aboriginal people transition from prison to community life, and to prevent re-incarceration.

From left to right: UNSW Chancellor David Gonski, Professor Lisa Jackson Pulver, Dr Megan Williams, Ms Sally Fitzpatrick, A/Professor Melissa Haswell and Professor Terry Campbell

Ms Telphia Joseph was awarded a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) from the University of Sydney for her thesis, “An investigation into how Aboriginal Medical Services Contribute to Childhood Immunisation”. The findings showed that Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in NSW are taking active steps to achieve an improvement in coverage and timeliness of immunisations that occur under National Childhood Immunisation Program (NCIP) for Aboriginal Children. In addition, the observations revealed various systematic processes in some AMS’s that directly contributed to up to 96% coverage of NCIP vaccines for regular clients. It also highlighted specific program implementation and community events that compliment immunisation through health promotion, reminders and follow up at different Aboriginal Medical Services.

OTHER ACTIVITIES

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CRE members, Telphia Joseph and Julie Leask

Mrs Amy Creighton has completed research towards a Master of Philosophy degree at the University of Sydney. Amy is a Gomeroi Murri woman from northern NSW and has over 20 years experience in Aboriginal health. The project was entitled Gaba Binggi (Good Needles): Developing an understanding of how two First Nations communities see and experience immunisation during pregnancy. The research involved working directly with two Aboriginal communities over a three year period and the work continues. The thesis was passed subject to minor emendations which are expected to be completed by the end of 2016. Supervisors were Associate Professor Julie Leask and Dr Peter Massey.

Mrs Amy Creighton

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STREAM 2

NEONATAL AND PARENTAL VACCINATION STRATEGIES

15

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NEONATAL AND PARENTAL

VACCINATION STRATEGIES

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Team members: CI Peter McIntyre (Stream Leader), CI Nicholas Wood, CI Cheryl Jones, CI Julie Leask, AI Kristine Macartney, AI Ben Marais, PRP Tom Snelling

Students and affiliates

Fereshteh Dastouri, University of Sydney, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (Supervisor Robert Booy) Research topic: ‘Meningococcal Disease: Understanding Sequelae in Children” (MUSIC)’

Jean Li Kim Moy, University of Sydney, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (Supervisor Robert Booy) Research topic: ‘Influenza: Novel Aspects in Diagnosis, Management and Prevention in Children’

Gulam Khandaker PhD (Supervisor Robert Booy) University of Sydney – research topic “The epidemiology, control and management of Influenza”

Dr Ahmed Moustafa, Childrens Hospital at Westmead (Supervisor Nick Wood ) Research topic: ‘Early infant pertussis: prevention and outcomes study (EIPPOS)’

Lucy Deng, University of New South Wales (Supervisor Bette Liu) MIPH student “Prevalence of hepatitis B among antenatal women in New South Wales”

Edward Brown, University of Sydney ( Supervisors Kristine Macartney and Nick Wood) medical student “Review of national RSV hospitalisation data”, as part of a research project within University of Sydney MD

Ahmed Moustafa, University of Sydney (Supervisors Nicholas Wood, Helen Quinn) MPhil candidate “Early infant pertussis: prevention and outcomes study (EIPPOS)”

In Australia, pertussis (whooping cough) is a particular problem in infants under 4 months old, who experience the most significant pertussis-related morbidity and are incompletely protected by the current pertussis vaccine strategies. The birth acellular pertussis vaccine trial has finished recruitment and 160 participants from the original study have been enrolled onto a follow up trial examining immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a booster dose of DTPa vd dTpa vaccine in the second year of life. Immunogenicity results from both studies should be available in the first quarter of 2014.In 2013 another infant pertussis vaccine trial was commenced with Financial Markets Foundation for Children funding to examine a 2+1 accelerated infant pertussis vaccine schedule with doses being given at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 10-11 months old. In addition in 2013 a study exploring pertussis antibodies detected from newborn screening cards was commenced

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Stream members have completed the birth pertussis vaccine trial and a follow up of a subset of primary study participants examining immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a booster dose of DTPa vs dTpa vaccine in the second year of life. Immunogenicity results from the NHMRC funded birth acellular pertussis vaccine trial were accepted for oral presentation at the IDSA conference in San Diego in October 2015 (by Dr Wood) and at the International Neonatal and Maternal Immunisation Symposium in the Gambia in November 2015 (by Professor Peter McIntyre) Longer term follow up of this unique cohort to measure immunogenicity and safety following the 4 year old DTPa booster dose is underway.

Influenza vaccine has been recommended during pregnancy for some years but vaccine uptake remains low. There are many reasons for this, including provider reluctance to recommend vaccination at this time and barriers to access. This CRE enhanced knowledge on the parental and health professional attitudes to maternal and neonatal vaccination, and explore which types of vaccine messages and programs are most effective in delivering vaccines to pregnant women to influenza vaccines and vaccine efficacy in protecting mothers and babies through a series of clinical trials and epidemiological studies. A range of studies by PhD students have been conducted. This includes studies on attitudes and uptake of influenza vaccine in pregnancy, uptake of pertussis vaccine in the peripartum period, as well as a randomised control trial on health message framing.

Ongoing Projects

Feasibility and pilot testing of a suite of decision tools to assist pregnant women deciding to vaccinate themselves against influenza and pertussis (PRP K Wiley, CI J Leask)

Best practices for communicating pertussis booster recommendations to pregnant women (CI N Wood, PhD student E Hayles)

Evaluation of long term effectiveness of the infant hepatitis B vaccination strategy among antenatal women in the Northen Territory and other states (CI J Kaldor, PRP B Liu, CRE Fellow M Kong and other researchers, MIPH Student Lucy Deng)

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WORKSHOPS

Workshop on allergy and neonatal immunisation in collaboration with food allergy CRE

This workshop was hosted and organised by the CRE and Centre for Food and on 28th October 2014 in Melbourne. The workshop was very well attended, with over 20 participants and included leading Australian experts in allergy from the CRE in Food Allergy and leading vaccine experts from our CRE and other invited guests. Discussion topics include the epidemiology of allergic diseases, biological plausibility of any relationship to vaccines and identify potential studies to examine further any association between food allergy and vaccines..

Neonatal Vaccines Workshop

Following the successful workshop in Melbourne in 2014 to explore the issue of induction of allergy by early vaccination, an invitee only workshop on “Neonatal vaccination – current and future role in Australia and the region - a research and policy seminar” was held on October 21st and October 22nd 2015, attended by 19 researchers in neonatal vaccination from across Australia and from New Zealand. The workshop heard presentations on current Australian neonatal vaccination studies including pertussis (Wood/McIntyre), BCG (Prof Nigel Curtis ,RCH and U Melb), rotavirus (Prof Julie Bines RCH and U Melb) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Dr Anita van den Biggelar and A/Prof Chris Blyth UWA) and discussed questions arising from this research and next steps. These included evidence gaps needed to progress neonatal immunisation, connection between neonatal and maternal vaccination initiatives; and opportunities for research and collaboration. . The meeting endorsed the value of continuing to develop a report of current burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in the first 3 months of life, initiated through the rotavirus project under student Vyoma Patel in 2013/14. Proceedings and recommendations of this workshop will be produced for publication

Some participants at the neonatal vaccines workshopDr Anita van den Biggelar (UWA). A/Prof Katie Flanagan (Monash and U Tas); Prof Nigel Curtis (U Melb), A/Prof Chris Blyth (UWA), Prof Margaret Burgess, Dr Elizabeth Wilson (NZ) ,A/Prof Kristine Macartney, Dr Jenny Royle ,A/Prof Helen Marshall (U Adel), Prof Peter McIntyre, Prof Robert Booy, Dr Nicholas Wood

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FRAIL ELDERLY VACCINATION

STREAM 3

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FRAIL ELDERLY VACCINATION

RESEARCH PROJECTS

Providing the evidence to guide adult immunisation strategies: a novel approach using a large prospective cohort study and record linkage (PRP B Liu, CI Kaldor, CI R MacIntyre, CI P McIntyre, , PRP A Newall, PRP A Heywood, Postdoc S Karki, PhD Student A Dyda) 45 and up cohort study – adult vaccination studies: Current project grant led by PRP Bette Liu which uses data link- age within the 45 and Up Cohort Study, resulting in several publications on influenza and herpes zoster, with further studies on pertussis underway.

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the elderly: A randomized clinical trial of the immunogenicity of 7-Valent pneu- mococcal conjugate vaccine compared to 23-Valent polysaccharide vaccine in frail, hospitalized elderly (MacIntyre et al) published in 2014. This study also has a long-term duration of immunity study for which recruitment is complete and testing is underway

Influenza and ischaemic heart disease: A case control study was published in 2013, and a meta-analysis on ischae-mic heart disease and influenza was published in 2015. Raina MacIntyre presented an invited plenary at the 2014 European Influenza (ESWI) conference in Riga, Latvia in September 2014 on her 2013 publication on this topic.

Health economics of elderly vaccination: PRP Dr Tony Newall has an ongoing project grant on elderly vaccination, with PhD student Sevan Dirmesropian focusing on cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly,

The impact and cost-effectiveness of vaccination programs in elderly: understanding the interaction between infant and elderly vaccination (PhD student S Dirmesropian, Co-primary supervisors: PRP A Newall and PRP J Wood Co- supervisor: CI R MacIntyre)

Team members: CI Raina. MacIntyre (Stream leader), CI Robert Booy, AI Christopher Poulos, PRP Anita Heywood, PRP Holly Seale, PRP Bette Liu, PRP Anthony Newall

Students and affiliates

Amalie Dyda, University of New South Wales (Supervisors Bette Liu, John Kaldor, Raina MacIntyre) PhD student,“Influenza and pertussis vaccination in older adults (the 45 and up study)”

Sevan Dirmesropian, University of New South Wales (Supervisors Anthony Newall, James Wood, Raina MacIntyre) – PhD student, “The impact and cost-effectiveness of vaccination programs in the elderly”.

Christine Cooper, University of New South Wales (Supervisor, Raina MacIntyre, Anita Heywood) – M Phil student, “Barriers to elderly pneumococcal vaccination”

Surendra Karki – University of New South Wales (Supervisor, Bette Liu) – Post doc, “Identifying predisposing factors for, and the consequences of, common and emerging infectious diseases- A prospective cohort study of adults

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WORKSHOPS

Workshop: equity in disease prevention – vaccines for the elderly (inter-sectoral) on 20th June 2014

The CRE in association with the Public Health Association of Australia (PHAA) held an international workshop on Vaccination in the Elderly on Friday June 20th in Melbourne. The workshop included the latest scientific developments in elderly vaccines and thought-provoking discussions on ageism in health care, which focused on research evidence, but also issues of ethics and equity. The workshop brought together 146 national and international stakeholders in immunisation, ageing and health, primary care, health services providers for the elderly group, insurance, researchers, government and non-government organisations, community representatives, federal and state government policy makers and advocacy groups.This had widespread media coverage and impact, and the use of a retired sportsman, Max Walker, as a champion for healthy ageing and elderly vaccination was very successful. As a result of this workshop the Victorian Immunisation Section initiated a quarterly article for the e – newsletter of the senior program in the Ageing & Aged Care Branch of the Health Department to communicate with the elderly and raise awareness of vaccine recommendations due to their health, age, lifestyle or occupation risk factors, and numerous plenary invitations arose for CI Raina MacIntyre to other events showcasing elderly vaccination, including a GP conference in New Zealand, which emulated the idea of a retired sportsman as champion for health ageing, the Australian Primary Care Nurses conference in 2016, and the International Federation on Ageing in 2016, which showcased elderly vaccination as their opening keynote topic (delivered by CI Raina MacIntyre). The International Federation on Ageing has now adopted immunisation as one of their key areas of advocacy, which is a major success for the CRE.

Varicella and Zoster Vaccines data seminar This seminar was convened in October 2014 to examine different sources of Australian data on varicella and zoster vaccines, October 2014

Other projects

Morbidity and mortality estimates for influenza in elderly (Muscatello, et al)

Pneumococcal conjugate vs polysaccharide vaccine in frail elderly (Completed NHMRC Project, MacIntyre et al – long term follow up study)

The impact and cost-effectiveness of vaccination programs in elderly: understanding the interaction between infant and elderly vaccination (Dirmesropian et al)

Changes in Immunisation scheduling for the elderly: optimising immune responses (Booy et al)

Duration and persistence of immunity to pneumococcal vaccines in the frail elderly. (MacIntyre et al).

Translating research into action to improve influenza vaccination among health care workers: a demonstration project in Aged Care Facilities (Booy et al)

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Participants at the workshop ‘ Equity in disease prevention vaccines for the elderly

Mr Max Walker and Professor David Goldblatt at the at the workshop ‘ Equity in disease prevention vaccines for the elderly

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OTHER ACTIVITIES

Plenary and invited speaker. PHAA 14th National Immunisation Conference. Topics: Increasing incidence of herpes zoster in older Australians; Immunogenicity of conjugate vaccine (PCV7) versus polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) in frail elderly. Melbourne. 16-20 June 2014. MacIntyre CR.

Plenary and invited speaker. Influenza and ischaemic heart disease. European Scientific Working Group on Influenza annual conference, September 2014, Riga, Latvia. MacIntyre CR.

Invited speaker. “Adult vaccination, Influenza Specialist Group (ISG), Annual Scientific Meeting 2015.” ISG conference in Melbourne, Feb 2015. MacIntyre CR.

Keynote speech . New Zealand Medical Association (NZMA) General Practitioners conference at Rotorua New Zealand, May 2015 - MacIntyre CR

Keynote speech, Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association (APNA)’s 8th National Conference, “Vaccinating the Elderly”, May 2016, Melbourne Australia - MacIntyre CR

Keynote opening conference address, the International Federation of ageing – 13th Global Conference, “Innovation in Aged care and program delivery” June 2016 – Brisbane Australia - MacIntyre CR

Raina MacIntyre at the APNA National Conference “Vaccinating the elderly”

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STREAM 4

VACCINATION IN MIGRANTS, TRAVELLERS AND

REFUGEES

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VACCINATION IN MIGRANTS,

TRAVELLERS AND

REFUGEES

Team members: PRP Heywood (Stream leader), CI MacIntyre, CI Booy, CI Dwyer, PRP Seale, PRP Sheikh, PRP Rashid.

Students and affiliates

Amani Alqahatani, University of Sydney (Supervisors Harunor Rashid, Anita Heywood, Robert Booy andKerrie Wiley ) PhD student, “Vaccination and non- pharmaceutical use among Australian Hajj pilgrims”

Abela Mahimbo, University of New South Wales (Supervisors Anita Heywood, Holly Seale and Mitchell Smith)PhD student, “Barriers and facilitators in the provision of immunisation services to newly arrived refugeesunder different models of care in Australia”

Amit Saha , University of New South Wales (Supervisors, Raina MacIntyre, Andrew Hayen) PhD student,“Field application of oral cholera vaccine, Shanchol and determination of the factors affecting vaccine deliveryand estimates of effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in an endemic setting”

Mohammad Alfelali University of Sydney (Supervisors, Harunor Rashid and Robert Booy) PhD student,“Evaluating the effectiveness of influenza vaccine among Hajj pilgrims”

Dr Almamoon Badahdah University of Sydney (Supervisors, Harunor Rashid and Robert Booy) PhD student‘Meningococcal carriage, disease and vaccination’

RESEARCH PROJECTS

GP Travel medicine survey to understand barriers to the provision of pre-travel preventative health advice to migrant Australians in primary care. (PRP A Heywood, PRP H Seale).

ARC Discovery Project Grant: Travellers visiting friends and relatives: New approaches to understanding and reduc-ing infectious disease risks.(CI Macintyre, PRP A Heywood, PRP Seale, PRP Sheikh)

Several projects related to respiratory infection risk in Hajj pilgrims under supervision of Robert Booy and Harunor Rashid, including vaccine uptake , optimising immune response to vaccination in Australian Hajj pilgrims ; The risk of respiratory tract infections among Australian Hajj pilgrims and the effective use of preventive measures during Hajj , Meningococcal carriage, disease and vaccination

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Refugee immunisation projects related to current immunisation policy in Australia for newly arrived refugees (PhD student A Mahimbo, PRP S Heywood, PRP H Seale)

University student travel-health and immunity study (PRP A Heywood, PRP Seale, CI Macintyre).

Modelling of travel-related infections (CRE fellow L Gardner, PRP A Heywood, CI R MacIntyre).

BCG vaccine: a review of policy and practices in Australia (G Khandakar, F Beard, AI K Macartney).

National Stakeholders workshop: Immunisation policy for Migrants, travellers and refugees

The Centre for Research Excellence convened this meeting to bring together key stakeholders from around the country to address immunisation needs of refugees, migrants and travellers, particularly in relation to “catch up” vaccines for older migrant and refugee children and awareness of important travel vaccinations. This was the first time a national workshop on this topic had ever been held/ The workshop looked at practical solutions to ensuring older children who have immigrated to Australia are fully vaccinated according to the current Australian National Immunisation Program schedule. The workshop heard that currently catch-up vaccination is not routinely funded for such children, leading to risk of outbreaks of infectious diseases in under-immunised communities. This was the first workshop dedicated to issues of immunisation in migrants, refugees and travellers and has informed policy and research priorities for the CRE, as well as allowing an exchange of ideas and solutions among the key stakeholders in the field. Proceedings of this workshop has been accepted for publication in peer reviewed journal and were sent to ATAGI, NIC and CDNA for consideration in the National immunisation policy

WORKSHOPS

Participants at the National Stakeholders workshop: Immunisation policy for Migrants, travellers and refugees

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Panel discussion at the National Stakeholders workshop Immunisation policy for Migrants, travellers and refugees

Tilman Ruff speaking at the National Stakeholders workshop Immunisation policy for Migrants, travellers and refugees

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Dr Heywood presented at a symposium session, titled: The Intersection of Migrant and Travel Health on VFR travel-lers at the 14th Conference of the International Society of Travel Medicine which was held in May 2015 in Quebec Canada. On the basis of this presentation, she, and Prof Nick Zwar were invited to write and editorial for the Journal of Travel Medicine

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METHOD STREAMS

Clinical and Epidemiological Research

Team members: CI Booy (Stream Leader), CI MacIntyre, CI McIntyre, CI Dwyer, CI Kaldor, CI N Wood, CI Jones, AI Skinner, AI Poulos, PRP Heywood, PRP Seale, PRP Snelling, PRP Rashid, PRP Sheikh.

Students and affiliates

Sonya Nicholl, University of New South Wales (Supervisors Holly Seale and Raina MacIntyre) DrPH student “- state based measles and pertussis vaccination programs.

Disease and economic modelling

Team members: CI Beutels (Stream leader), PRP J Wood (Stream Sub-leader), PRP Newall (Stream Sub-leader), PRP Liu, PRP Gidding, CRE Fellow Gardner.

Students and affiliates

Dr Virginia Wiseman – ‘Health care financing and economic evaluation’, University of New South Wales

Nicole Mealing, University of New South Wales (Supervisors Anthony Newall and James Wood) PhD student “The impact of vaccines programs for children”

Valentina Costantino , University of New South Wales (Supervisors James Wood, Heather Gidding) MPhil student “Modelling the impact of zoster vaccine on zoster morbidity in Australia”

Josephine Reyes – Post doc, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW - (Supervisor Anthony Newall)

Stream activities

This stream has attracted new PhD students and affiliates, including new collaborations in travel related infections modelling. In 2015, PhD students of Dr Newall and Dr Wood (Sevan Dirmesropian and Nicole Mealing) visited University of Antwerp, Belgium, and spent time with Dr Beutels. In addition, PRP Dr Newall visited the University of Antwerp for collaborations. Dr Gidding has been involved in developing a new course in data linkage and big data.

Workshops

Health Economics and Modelling for VPDs – 2 days Introductory Workshop, 22-23 November 2012 The CRE held a workshop on transmission and economic modelling in immunisation in November, convened by PRPs Wood and Newall and CI Beutels. The workshop covered basics of transmission modelling, herd immunity and cost-effec-tiveness analysis. This workshop was an opportunity to build knowledge and awareness of modelling in immunisa-tion and to act as a seed towards new collaborative projects with investigators within and outside the CRE.

WHO coordinated workshop on broad impact of vaccine, convened by Dr Tony Newall, July 2013 around the International Health Economics association Conference in Sydney.

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James Wood and Harunor Rashid at the workshop “Health Economics and Modelling for Vaccines Preventable Diseases

Guest speaker at the workshop “Health Economics and Modelling for Vaccines Preventable Diseases

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Participants at the Focus group workshop

Use of large administrative datasets

Team members: CI Kaldor (Stream leader), CI McIntyre, CI Menzies, AI Ward, PRP Liu, PRP Gidding, PRP Heywood

Social Sciences

Team members: CI Leask (Stream leader), PRP Seale, PRP Heywood, PRP Joseph, PRP Sheikh

This stream involves social research applied to streams of CRE in two ways: either ‘nested’ studies within epidemiological or clinical studies, or stand alone social research projects that are centred on vaccine uptake barriers or interventions.

Workshops

Focus group workshop was conducted on 2nd October 2012, convened by CI Leask and Spring C. Cooper (University of Sydney). This workshop provided training about how to facilitate focus groups, it targeted researchers within the CRE. Topics included creating and facilitating focus groups, and included hands on practice on facilitating small groups. The forum was attended by PhD students and staff.

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Survey design Workshop 2013.: This was conducted on November 5 at UNSW. This was an interactive workshop whose aim was to equip students and investigators within the CRE with basic tools and insights to develop surveys of immunisation knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. The workshop was open to others undertaking immu-nisation surveys. CRE’s Julie Leask, Raina MacIntyre, Holly Seale, and Hal Willaby from the University of Sydney presented at the workshop.

Participants at the Survey design workshop

Participants at the Capacity building workshop

Capacity building workshop 2014: CRE Immunisation held Capacity building workshop on 1st December 2014 at the University of New South Wales. The aim of the workshop was to explore the opportunities available post PhD and to outline strategies to develop and sustain research career. Staff from NCIRS, the Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society and Sax Institute joined staff from the UNSW School of Public Health and Community Medi-cine to present at the workshop. 20 postgraduate students and early career researchers attended the workshop

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Participants at the Immunisation advocacy workshop

Natalie Allen and Katrina Clark at

the Immunisation advocacy workshop

Immunisation advocacy workshop 2015The workshop focused on advocacy for increasing immunisation rates of existing NIP vaccines across the age spec- trum. The PHAA participated in planning the workshop with significant in-kind contribution of committee membership (Melanie Walker) publicity via PHAA networks and CEO Michael Moore as guest speaker. Its focus was informed by previous SAB discussions and a draft plan was refined through feedback from the 2014 SAB meeting. In the work-shop, advocacy strategies were discussed such as media advocacy, community advocacy, policy advocacy, engag-ing with or within government departments and grass roots citizen advocacy. The workshop took Moore’s definition “persuading decision makers of the need for change through identifying desired public health outcomes and effective and feasible methods of achieving that change.” The different groups embodying the components of advocacy were invited: those in research, citizen groups, mass media, social media, migrant health, Aboriginal health and clinical practice.

The workshop attracted more than 200 immunisation researchers, practitioners, program managers, policy makers, organisations in health, consumers and others with a stake in improving immunisation programs.

The workshop successfully achieved its aims; to gain insight into media, government and political processes so that research can be effectively translated and advocates can work most effectively in shaping strategies and messages; to gain insight into political, government and mass media processes; to learn from case studies of successful advo-cacy; and to establish a set of tools for effective immunisation advocacy for a specified issue.

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Australian Immunisation Register - Into the future , workshopThe Government has announced the development of an Australian Immunisation Register (AIR) to cover all ages, to be implemented in stages from 2016.This provides one of the most important opportunities to advance immunisation in Australia’s history CRE Immunisatin has a keen interest in the potential of the AIR for all Australians. Our research in our areas of focus–Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, mothers and infants, the frail elderly, and migrants, refugees and travellers – shows that the absence of immunisation registration has been a major barrier to identifying people at risk of under-vaccination. The creation of the AIR has enormous potential to improve uptake of recommend-ed vaccines in adults.

The CRE hosted its final event, a one-day workshop on 26 August 2016 in Sydney to discuss the functionality of an AIR that will be needed to best support the National Immunisation Program and related activities. The primary aim of the workshop was to bring together all stakeholders to make a constructive contribution to informing the development and future utility of the AIR. The CRE is in its 5th and final year, and the AIR as a subject for our final event is timely, topical and highly relevant to our work. The workshop was also a celebration of the CRE and its achievements.research can be effectively translated and advocates can work most effectively in shaping strategies and messages; to gain insight into political, government and mass media processes; to learn from case studies of successful advoca-cy; and to establish a set of tools for effective immunisation advocacy for a specified issue.

Panel discussion at the workshop ‘ Australian Immunisation Register - Into the future’

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RESEARCH GRANTS SECURED BY CRE MEMBERS

NHMRC Centres of Research Excellence –“Integrated Systems for Epidemic Response (ISER)” (MacIntyre et al)

NHMRC Centres of Research Excellence - Australian Centre for Research Excellence in “Aboriginal Sexual Health and Blood Borne Viruses” (Ward et al)

NHMRC Project Grant - “Quantifying the effectiveness of pertussis vaccine in older adults” (Liu et al)

NHMRC Project Grant - Novel interventions to address methamphetamines in Aboriginal communities, including a randomised trial of a web based therapeutic tool used to treat dependence in clinical (Ward et al)

NHMRC Project grant “Case-cohort study of the association between pertussis vaccination in infancy and the risk of IgE-mediated food allergy” (Snelling et al )

NHMRC Project grant “Real time models to inform prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases” (MacIntyre , Heywood , Gardner )

NHMRC Project grant “Economic evaluation of alternative pneumococcal vaccination strategies” (Newall, Beutels, Menzies )

NHMRC Project grant “Vaccination timeliness in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants: risk factors for delayed vaccination and impact on disease burden—a record linkage study” (Gidding et al)

Australian Government Department of Health Grant “Evaluation of long-term effectiveness of the infant Hepatitis B vaccination strategy among antenatal women in the Northern Territory” (Kaldor et al)

NHMRC Project Grant: “Providing the evidence to guide adult immunisation strategies: a novel approach using a large prospective cohort study and record linkage” (Liu , Newall , MacIntyre , McIntyre )

NHMRC Project Grant: “Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules for the Northern Territory (NT): randomised controlled trial of booster vaccines to broaden and strengthen protection from invasive and mucosal infections. (McIntyre et al)

ARC Linkage Project Grant: “Post-implementation economic evaluation of childhood vaccination programs”. (Newall, Wood, McIntyre, Beutels, Menzies)

ARC Discovery Project Grant: “Travellers visiting friends and relatives: New approaches to understanding and reducing infectious disease risks” (MacIntyre, Seale, Heywood, and other UNSW and NSW Health Investigators)

International Program Development Fund: Project “A multi-disciplinary international collaboration to improve communication about vaccination.” (Leask)

Population Health Research Network (PHRN) fund: “Linkage of the Australian childhood immunisation register (ACIR) and state based registers to evaluate and inform Australia’s immunisation program” (Gidding, Liu, McIntyre, Jorm and WA researchers)

NSW population health and health services research and support program grant (formerly known as the Capacity Building Infrastructure Grants) for vaccination methodological studies (Dwyer)

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FELLOWSHIPS AWARDED TO CRE MEMBERS

NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship (2016): Robert Booy

Early Career Fellowships (Australia) – “Reducing sexually transmissible infections and blood borne viruses and associated risks among Australia’s First Peoples”(2015) - James Ward

Career Development Fellowship (CDF) Population Health Level 1 (2014): “Large scale studies to inform and guide public health policy” - Bette Liu

CDF Clinical Level 1 (2014) : “Immunisation safety and adverse events: Improving our understanding of causes and management” - Nicholas Wood

NHMRC Postgraduate scholarship (2014): Amalia Dyda

NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (2013 – 2016): “Improving communication about immunisation through social sciences research” - Julie Leask

NHMRC Frank Fenner Early Career Fellowship (2013): Tom Snelling

University of Sydney postdoctoral fellowship (2012): Julie Leask

NHMRC postgraduate scholarship (2012): Kerrie Wiley

NHMRC postgraduate scholarship(2012): Elizabeth Hayles

NHMRC post-doctoral training fellowship (2012): Heather Gidding

NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (2012) :Ben Marais

Funding from the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing as part of an HPV surveillance initiative: “Impact of Australia’s HPV vaccination program on prevalence of HPV genotypes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women attending for Pap testing” (Liu).

International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM) Research Awards: “Determinants of infectious disease incidence and risk behaviours in Australian travellers visiting friends and relatives – a prospective cohort study” (Heywood, Seale)

Sanofi Pasteur investigator-driven research fund: “GP Travel Medicine Survey – Understand barriers to the provision of pre-travel preventative health advice to migrant Australians in primary care” (Heywood, Seale)

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CAPACITY BUILDING - STUDENTS AND POST DOCS

Lisa McCallum – Post doc (Supervisor, Heather Gidding) UNSW

Fleur Webster, PHD (Supervisor, Rob Menzie) UNSW, One 21 Seventy National Centre for Quality improvement in Indigenous Primary health care (NCQI) “Immunisation coverage and correlates of high coverage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Services”.

Lucy Deng, MIPH (Supervisor Bette Liu) UNSW, “Prevalence of hepatitis B among antenatal women in New South Wales”

Edward Brown, Medical student ( Supervisors, Kristine Macartney and Nick Wood) University of Sydney, “Review of national RSV hospitalisation data”,

Dr Almamoon Badahdah University of Sydney (Supervisors, Harunor Rashid and Robert Booy) PhD student ‘Meningococcal carriage, disease and vaccination’.

Abela Mahimbo, UNSW (Supervisors, Anita Heywood, Holly Seale and Mitchell Smith) PhD, “Barriers and facilitators in the provision of immunisation services to newly arrived refugees under different models of care in Australia”

Amani Alqahatani, University of Sydney (Supervisors, Harunor Rashid, Anita Heywood, Robert Booy and Kelly Wiley), “Vaccination and non- pharmaceutical use among Australian Hajj pilgrims”

Mohammad Alfelali University of Sydney (Supervisors, Harunor Rashid and Robert Booy) PhD, “Evaluating the effectiveness of influenza vaccine among Hajj pilgrims”

Sevan Dirmesropia, UNSW (Supervisors , Anthony Newall, Raina MacIntyre, James Wood) PhD

Nicole Mealing, PhD (Supervisors, Anthony Newall, James Wood) UNSW.

Amy Vassallo, PhD ( Supervisors, Peter McIntyre, Kristine Macartney, Kerrie Wiley Helen Quinn) University of Sydney.

Sonya Nicholl, UNSW (Supervisors, Holly Seale and Raina MacIntyre) DrPH “State based measles and pertussis vaccination programs.

Christine Cooper, UNSW (Supervisors, Raina Macintyre, Anita Heywood) DrPh, “Barriers to elderly pneumococcal vaccination”.

Valentina Costantino, UNSW(Supervisors, James Wood, Heather Gidding) MPhil, “Modelling the impact of zoster vaccine on zoster morbidity in Australia”

Vyoma Patel, University of Sydney (Supervisors, Ghulam Khandaker, Robert Booy) PhD ,”Neurologic Complications Associated With Influenza”.

Amit Saha, UNSW (Supervisors, Raina MacIntyre, Andrew Hayen) PhD , “Field application of oral cholera vaccine, Shanchol and determination of the factors affecting vaccine delivery and estimates of effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in an endemic setting”

Surendra Karki, Post doc (Supervisor, Bette Liu) UNSW

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Ahmed Moustafa, MPhil (Supervisor, Nicholas Wood) University of Sydney

Tara Ma, UNSW ( Supervisors Raina MacIntyre and Anita Heywood) PhD, “Australian Chinese travellers visiting friends and relatives: New approaches to understanding and reducing infectious disease risks”.

Amalia Dayda, PhD (Supervisor Bette Liu), UNSW.

Elizabeth Hayles, PhD, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, (Supervisor Rachel Skinner), University of Sydney

Osamah Barasheed, University of Sydney, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (Supervisors Robert Booy and Dominic Dwyer) PhD.

Mohamed Tashani , University of Sydney, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (Supervisor Robert Booy), PhD

Rashmi Dixit, University of Sydney, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (Supervisor Robert Booy) PhD

Jean Li Kim Moy, University of Sydney, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (Supervisor Robert Booy), PhD

COLLABORATION AND TRANSLATION

CRE members, consulted with a range of stakeholders in the four stream areas of the CRE to ensure awareness of the CRE and its mission, and to seek engagement with the health sector in the CRE. This has been valuable in not only increasing awareness of the CRE among stakeholders, but in developing linkages with key stakeholders and in advancing key policy issues through the CRE.

Collaboration and translation

Visiting fellows – University of Antwerp

Workshops

Stakeholder consultations

• Communications were made with peak bodies such as NIC, CDNA and ATAGI

• Consultation with Border Health, Department of Health and Ageing – traveller airport survey 2013 - 2014

• WHO collaboration Centre for Mass Gatherings

• SPHCM Centre for Big Data Research in Health

• One 21 Seventy National Centre for Quality improvement in Indigenous Primary health care (NCQI)

• Consultation with Australia’s Grand Mufti regarding safety and Halal suitability of vaccines for Australian Muslims including Hajj pilgrims; outcome was successful with him endorsing vaccine safety.

• VACCHO

• National Seniors Australia

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CRE MEMBERS’ AWARDS

A/Professor Julie Leask was also awarded the Public Health Impact award in November 2015 .

The award (pictured right) was given by the NSW Branch of Public Health Association of Australia

CONGRATULATIONS JULIE!

A/Professor Julie Leask was presented with a 2015 Research Action Award by the Sax Institute for work ‘that has changed the way we design and deliver health care’. It was a rare recognition of the achievements of public health, she wrote. “Immunisation is a perfect example of how biomedical research and public health research are interdependent. We undoubtedly need vaccines that are effective and safe. But we also need the public health researchers who do the social science, disease surveillance, the epidemiology, the systematic reviews, and economic studies that tell us whether a vaccine should be recommended.”

Outstanding research awards - A/Professor Julie Leask

Top NHMRC Excellence Awards - Dr Nicholas wood and A/Professor Bette Liu

CRE PRPs Dr Nicholas Wood and A/Professor Bette Liu were awarded top NHMRC Excellence awards.

Dr Wood received the award for having the highest ranked Career Development Fellowship for 2013, the award’s title is, Career Development Fellowship (Clinical Level 1) - ‘Immunisation safety and adverse events: Improving our understanding of causes and management

A/Professor Liu was awarded top prizes for having the highest ranked Career Development Fellowship - population health research for 2013. Her award title is, Career Development Fellowship (Population Health Level 1) - ‘Large scale studies to inform and guide public health policy’.

Congratulations Bette and Nick!

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PHAA National Immunisation Achievement Award – 2014 Professor Raina MacIntyre

2014 Robert Austrian Research award - Dr Mohamed Tashani

The Public Health Association of Australia awarded Professor Raina MacIntyre the National Immunisation Achievement Award to honour and recognise her outstanding research in the field of immunisation/vaccine preventable diseases. This Award is the Association’s pre-eminent prize in the field of immunisation and vaccine preventable diseases. Professor MacIntyre received this award at the PHAA 14th National Immunisation Conference in Melbourne.

Congratulations Raina!

PhD student Mohamed Tashani was awarded the 2014 Robert Austrian Research award in Pneumococcal Vaccinology for his research ‘Optimising immune responses to vaccination in Australian Hajj Pilgrims’. Every 2 years, five Robert Austrian Research Awards in Pneumococcal Vaccinology are awarded to one applicant from each of the geographical regions; Africa, Asia/Australasia, Europe, Latin America and North America. Mohamed Tashani will present his research at the 10th In-ternational Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases (ISPPD)- 2016 in Glasgow, UK

Congratulations Mohamed!

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2014 Edward Jenner Scholar and Young Investigator Program – Dr Holly Seale and Dr Anita Heywood

CRE’s Professional research persons, Holly Seale and Anita Heywood were both selected by the journal “Vaccine” for the Edward Jenner Scholar and Young Investigator Program This was announced at the recent 7th Vaccine & ISV Congress in Barcelona Spain.

The aim of the Edward Jenner Scholar and Young Investigator Program (YIP) is to partner with the most promising of the up and coming next generation of vaccine researchers and introduce and guide the Jenner Scholars in successful academic publication in their early career. The program includes the availability of direct contact with Vaccine editors, including the statistical editor for assistance in manuscript preparation and submission and interaction with leading experts through regular webinars. This was the first year of the program and each year 10 ECRs have been selected.

As members of the inaugural class of 2014, Anita and Holly have been part of an elite group of 10 scientists during the first year of the program. Their membership to this highly selective program has led to exciting opportunities and networks for them.

Congratulations Anita and Holly!

Dr Josephine Reyes is a postdoctoral research fellow at the School of Public Health and Community Medicine at the University of New South Wales (SPHCM-UNSW). Her main interests include infectious disease modelling, health economics, mathematical education and mathematical optimisation. She is currently developing a career in public health research, specifically in the economic evaluation of public health programs, mainly working on a project about the retrospective analysis of the economic and epidemiological impact of childhood vaccination programs. She previously worked in the Kirby Institute studying the cost-effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention programs in Southeast Asian countries. She was granted an International Postgraduate Award and obtained her PhD on studying the evolution of genetic markers of tuberculosis at the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences at the UNSW. Josephine is a trained mathematician with a bachelors and masters degree in mathematics from the University of the Philippines in Diliman (UPD). She also served as an instructor of mathematics at the UPD and as an assistant professorial lecturer at the De La Salle University in the Philippines.

Congratulations Josephine!

Young Investigator Program class of 2015 - Dr Josephine Reyes

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Certificate of recognition - CRE Immunisation

The NSW Refugee Health Service hosted a Refugee week event ‘Innovation in Refugee Health” to cerebrate innovative projects, policy and research and to acknowledge the contribution of health professionals and services to the health of people in New South Wales from a refugee background. During this event NSW Health awarded the CRE immunisation a Certificate of Recognition for its highly valued contribution to the promotion of health and wellbeing of refugees and humanitarian entrants (June 2014)

Dr. Surendra Karki, is an infectious disease epidemiologist and research fellow at the School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia. He completed his undergraduate and Master of Science in Microbiology from Nepal, Master of Science in International Health from Europe, and PhD in Epidemiology from Monash University, Australia. He has also completed a University Diploma in Vaccinology from Pasteur’s Institute, France. Currently, he works in the area of vaccine preventable diseases in adults using data-linkage between the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up study and large administrative healthcare data collected in New South Wales, Australia. The primary aim of his research is to inform policy for better prevention and control of immunisation preventable diseases. Previously, he has worked and published in the area of public health research including transfusion transmitted infections, HIV, tuberculosis, and healthcare associated infections. He has experience of conducting and analysing intervention trials, observational studies, surveys, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. He was awarded with scholarships/grants from European Commission, German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Monash University of New South Wales, World Health Summit (Germany), Alfred Health (Australia), and the University of Washington (USA).

Congratulations Surendra

Young Investigator Program class of 2015 - Dr Surendra Karki

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SUMMARY

The CRE has brought together expertise in special risk immunisation and has added capacity and value to research in this area over a period of 5 years, and has achieved high impact and output of research and training including major projects in the our areas of focus. Most importantly, we have been successful in capacity building, mentoring and retention of talented post-docs wishing to build a career in vaccinology. We have placed an emphasis on training and development of post-doctoral researchers and students in CRE, providing them with opportunities for enhancing their skills which they would not have otherwise had. The CRE has demonstrated capacity to address research gaps which were not specifically addressed by government or industry, and has been a platform to highlight issues in special risk groups and marginalized populations. We have placed special emphasis on our First Nations People, and supported several Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers through the course of the CRE. In other areas, being awarded a certificate of recognition by the NSW Refugee Health Services, for example, is testament to the translational impact of our work. The evidence of our impact is seen in the building of a next generation of researchers, the awards and accolades of won by our team, the research grants won and publications resulting, as well as our ability to convene important public and stakeholder events around the four stream areas. We believe the investment by NHMRC in this CRE has reaped rich rewards, and look forward to seeing the emerging new leaders whom we have mentored and supported take up the challenge into the future.

Selected CRE members

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PUBLICATIONS

Year Published: 2016

Kpozehouen E, Heywood AE, Kay M, Smith M, Paudel P, Sheikh M, MacIntyre CR. Improving access to immunisation for migrants and refugees: recommendations from a stakeholder workshop. ANZJPH. Online publication. November 2016. [Full text]

Menzies R; Leask J, Royle J, MacIntyre R. Vaccine myopia: adult vaccination needs attention too (Perspective). Medical Journal of Australia. On Press. November 2016.

Saha A, Rosewell A, Hayen A, MacIntyre CR, Qadri F. Improving immunization approaches to cholera. Expert Review Vaccines. Epub ahead of print. November 2016. [Full text]

Karki S, Dyda A, Newall A, Heywood A, MacIntyre CR, McIntyre P, Banks E, Liu B. Comparison of influenza vaccination coverage between immigrant and Australian-born adults.. Vaccine. [Epub ahead of print]. October 2016. [Full text]

MacIntyre CR, Menzies R, Kpozehouen E, Chapman M, Travaglia J, Woodward M, Jackson Pulver L, Poulos CJ , Gronow D, Adair T . Equity in disease prevention: Vaccines for the older adults – Proceedings of a workshop, Melbourne, Australia 20 June 2014. Vaccine. In press. September 2016. [Full text]

Dyda A, Karki S, Hayen A, MacIntyre CR, Menzies R, Banks E, Kaldor JM, Liu B. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in Australian adults: a systematic review of coverage and factors associated with uptake. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2016; 16:515. September 2016. [Full text]

Karki S, Newall AT, MacIntyre CR, Heywood AE, McIntyre P, Banks E, Liu B. Healthcare Resource Utilisation Associated with Herpes Zoster in a Prospective Cohort of Older Australian Adults. PLoS One. 11(8):e0160446. August 2016.

Newall AT. What do we know about the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in older adults?. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. [Epub ahead of print]. July 2016. [Full text]

MacIntyre CR, Shaw P, Mackie FE, Boros C, Marshall H, Barnes M, Seale H, Kennedy SE, Moa A, Hayen A, Chughtai AA, O’Loughlin EV, Stormon M.. Immunogenicity and persistence of immunity of a quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in immunocompromised children.. Vaccine. [Epub ahead of print]. July 2016. [Abstract]

Moa AM, Chughtai AA, Muscatello DJ, Turner RM, MacIntyre CR. Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Vaccine. [Epub ahead of print]. July 2016. [Abstract]

Tashani M, Alfelali M, Azeem M, Fatema F, Barasheed O, Alqahtani A, Tekin H, Rashid H, Booy R. Barriers of vaccinations against serious bacterial infections among Australian Hajj pilgrims. Postgraduate Medicine. 128(6);541-547. June 2016. [Full text]

Alqahtani AS, Wiley, KE, Tashani M, Heywood AE, Willaby, HW, BinDhim NF, Booy R, Rashid, H. Camel exposure and knowledge about MERS-CoV among Australian Hajj pilgrims in 2014. Virologica Sinica. 31 (1): 89–93. June 2016. [Full text]

Seale H, Kaur R, Mahimbo A, MacIntyre CR, Zwar N, Smith M, Worth H, Heywood AE. Improving the uptake of pre travel health advice amongst migrant Australians: exploring the attitudes of primary care providers and migrant community groups. BMC Infectious Diseases. 16 (213). May 2016. [Full text]

Hayles E, Cooper S, Sinn J, Wood N, Leask J, Skinner S. Pertussis vaccination coverage among Australian women prior to childbirth in the cocooning era: A two-hospital, cross-sectional survey, 2010 to 2013. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 56(2) ;185-191. April 2016. [Full text]

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PUBLICATIONS

Dirmesropian S, Wood JG, MacIntyre CR, Beutels P, Newall AT. Economic Evaluation of Vaccination Programmes in Older Adults and the Elderly: Important Issues and Challenges. PharmacoEconomics. Published online. February 2016. [Abstract]

Alqahtani AS, Wiley, KE, Tashani M, Willaby, HW, Heywood AE, BinDhim NF, Booy R, Rashid, H. Exploring barriers to and facilitators of preventive measures against infectious diseases among Australian Hajj pilgrims: Cross-sectional studies before and after Hajj. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. [Epub ahead of print]. February 2016. [Full text]

Year Published: 2015

Heywood AE, Forssman BL, Seale H, MacIntyre CR, Zwar N. General Practitioners’ Perception of Risk for Travelers Visiting Friends and Relatives. Journal of Travel Medicine. 22(6): 368–374. October 2015.

Liu B, Heywood AE, Reekie J, Banks E, Kaldor JM, McINTYRE P, Newall AT, Macintyre CR. Risk factors for herpes zoster in a large cohort of unvaccinated older adults: a prospective cohort study. Epidemiology and Infection. 143 (3) 2871-2881. October 2015. [Full text]

Karki S, Gidding HF, Newall AT, McIntyre PB, Liu B. Risk factors and burden of acute Q fever in older adults in New South Wales, Australia: a prospective cohort study. Medical Journal of Australia. In press. October 2015.

Karki S, McIntyre P, Newall AT, MacIntyre CR, Banks E, Liu B. Risk factors for pertussis hospitalizations in Australians aged 45 years and over: A population based nested case–control study. Vaccine. 33(42): 5647–5653. October 2015. [Full text]

Barnes A, Heywood AE, Mahimbo A, Rahman B, Newall AT, Macintyre CR. Acute myocardial infarction and influenza: a meta-analysis of case–control studies. BMJ. Epub ahead of print. August 2015. [Full text]

Osterhaus A, Brooks A, Broberg E, MacIntyre R, Capua I. Why should influenza be a public health priority?. Vaccine. [Epub ahead of print] . August 2015. [Full text]

Alqahtani AS, BinDhim NF, Tashani M, Willaby HW, Wiley KE, Heywood AE, Booy R, Rashid H. Pilot use of a novel Smartphone application to track travellers’ health behaviour and collect infectious disease data during Mass gathering: Hajj pilgrimage 2014. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health. Epub ahead of print. August 2015. [Full text]

Dyda A, MacIntyre CR, Banks E, Kaldor J, Newall AT, McIntyre P, Liu B. Medicare Benefits Schedule data to monitor adult influenza immunisation in Australian adults. Public Health Research and Practice. Accepted for publication. August 2015.

Salmon DA, MacIntyre CR, Omer SB. Making mandatory vaccination truly compulsory: well-intentioned but ill conceived. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 15(8):872-3. August 2015.

Heywood AE, Forssman BL, Seale H, MacIntyre CR, Zwar N. General Practitioners’ Perception of Risk for Travelers Visiting Friends and Relatives. Journal of Travel Medicine. Published online. July 2015.

Li-Kim-Moy J, Yin JK, Rashid H, Khandaker G, King C, Wood N, Macartney KK, Jones C, Booy R . Systematic review of fever, febrile convulsions and serious adverse events following administration of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines in children . Eurosurveillance. 20(24): pii=21159. June 2015. [Full text]

Dyda A, MacIntyre CR, McIntyre P, Newall AT, Banks E, Kaldor J, Liu B. Factors associated with influenza vaccination in middle and older aged Australian adults according to eligibility for the national vaccination program.

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PUBLICATIONS

Vaccine. 33(29):3299-305. May 2015. [Full text]

Seale H, Sitaresmi MN, Atthobari J, Heywood AE, Kaur R, MacIntyre CR, Soenarto Y, Padmawati RS. Knowledge and attitudes towards rotavirus diarrhoea and the vaccine amongst healthcare providers in Yogyakarta Indonesia. BMC Health Services Research. 2015; 15: 528. May 2015.

Ma T, Heywood A, MacIntyre CR. Chinese travellers visiting friends and relatives - A review of infectious risks. Travel Medicine Infectious Diseases. S1477-8939(15)00083-6 [Epub ahead of print]. May 2015. [Full text]

Dirmesropian S, Wood JG, MacIntyre CR, Newall AT. A review of economic evaluations of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adults and the elderly. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 11(4):818-25. May 2015. [Full text]

MacIntyre R, Stein A, Harrison C, Britt H, Mahimbo A, Cunningham A . Increasing Trends of Herpes Zoster in Australia. PLoS ONE. 10(4): e0125025. April 2015. [Full text]

Alqahtani AS, Wiley KE, Willaby HW, BinDhim NF, Tashani M, Heywood AE, Booy R and Rashid H. Australian Hajj pilgrims’ knowledge, attitude and perception about Ebola, November 2014 to February 2015. Eurosurveillance. 20 (12):pii=2107. March 2015. [Full text]

Wood JG, Goeyvaerts N, MacIntyre CR, Menzies RI, McIntyre PB, Hens N. Estimating vaccine coverage from serial trivariate serologic data in the presence of waning immunity. Epidemiology. Published ahead of print. March 2015. [Full text]

Newall AT, Dehollain JP. The cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination in elderly Australians: An exploratory analysis of the vaccine efficacy required. Vaccine. 32(12):1323–1325 . March 2015. [Full text]

Wang X, Wu S, MacIntyre CR, Zhang H, Shi W, Peng X, et al. Using an adjusted serfling regression model to improve the early warning at the arrival of peak timing of influenza in beijing.. PLoS ONE. 26(3): 381–389. March 2015. [Full text]

Gao Z, Wood J, Gidding H, Newall A, Menzies R, Wang H, McIntyre P, MacIntyre C. Control of varicella in the post-vaccination era in Australia: a model-based assessment of catch-up and infant vaccination strategies for the future. Epidemiology and Infection. 143(7): 1467-1476. March 2015. [Full text]

Wood J G, Heywood A E, Menzies R I, McIntyre P B, MacIntyre CR . Predicting localised measles outbreak potential in Australia. Vaccine. Online publication . January 2015. [Full Text]

Rahman B, Heywood A, Moa A, MacIntyre CR. Influenza vaccination and cardiovascular risk in patients with recent TIA and stroke. Neurology. 84(1):105. January 2015.

Hayles H.E , Cooper SC, Wood N, Sinn J, Skinner S.R. What predicts postpartum pertussis booster vaccination? A controlled intervention trial. Vaccines. 33(1): 228–236. January 2015. [Full text]

Leask J and Wiley K. Submission to Senate Community Affairs Legislation Committee regarding the Social Services Legislation Amendment (No Jab, No Pay) Bill 2015, 20 October 2015.

Leask J. Submission to Queensland Health and Ambulance Services Committee Public Health (Childcare Vaccination) and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2015, 28 August 2015.

Leask J. Under-vaccinated children in Australia: determinants and recommended strategies. Commissioned internal policy paper for Australian Government Department of Health. 4 September, 2014.

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PUBLICATIONS

Year Published: 2014

Barasheed O, Rashid H, Heron L, Ridda I, Haworth E, Nguyen-Van-Tam J, Dwyer DE, Booy R on behalf of the Hajj Research Team. Influenza vaccination among Australian Hajj Pilgrims: Uptake, attitudes, and barriers. Jounal of Travel Medicine. 21(6): 384-390. November 2014. [Full text]

Ridda I, Heywood A, Hueston L, Dwyer D, MacIntyre CR. The burden of pertussis in patients with and without recurrent ischaemic vascular events. Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets. [Epub ahead of print]. October 2014. [Abstract]

McIntyre PB, Clark TA. Pertussis vaccine in pregnancy—first dose for every infant? Commentary. The Lancet. 384 (9953): 1484-1486. October 2014. [Full text]

Quinn HE, Wood NJ, Cannings KL, Dey A, Wang H, Menzies RI, Moberley S, Reid S, McIntyre PB, Macartney KK. Intussusception following monovalent human rotavirus vaccine in Australia: severity and comparison of using healthcare database records versus case-confirmation to assess risk. The Pediatrics Infectious diseases. 33(9):959-965. September 2014. [Full text]

Gao Z, Wood JG, Gidding HF, Newall AT, Menzies RI, Wang H, McIntyre PB, Macintyre CR. Control of varicella in the post-vaccination era in Australia: a model-based assessment of catch-up and infant vaccination strategies for the future. Epidemiol Infect. 143(7):1467-1476. September 2014.

Wiley KE, Cooper SC, Wood N, Leask J. Understanding Pregnant Women’s Attitudes and Behavior Toward Influenza and Pertussis Vaccination. Qualitative Health Research. Published online. September 2014. [Full text]

Menzies RI, Jayasinghe SH, Krause VL, Chiu CK, McIntyre PB. Impact of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in people aged 65 years or older. The Medical Journal of Australia. 200 (2): 112-115. August 2014. [Full text]

Freeman E, Lawrence G, McAnulty J, Tobin S, MacIntyre CR, Torvaldsen S. Field effectiveness of hepatitis A vaccine and uptake of post exposure prophylaxis following a change to the Australian guidelines. Vaccine. 32(42):5509-13. August 2014. [Full text]

Heywood AE, Macartney KK, Wang H, McIntyre P. Varicella and herpes zoster hospitalizations before and after implementation of one-dose varicella vaccination in Australia: an ecological study. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation. 92: 593–604. August 2014.

Macartney KK, Heywood AE, McIntyre PB. Vaccines for post-exposure prophylaxis against varicella (chickenpox) in children and adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Online publication . July 2014. [Full text]

Tashani M, Barasheed O, Azeem M, Alfelali M, Badahdah AM, Bokhary H, Almasri N, Alshehri J, Matbouly G, Kalantan N, Heron L, Ridda I, Haworth E, Asghar A, Rashid H, Booy R. Pneumococcal Vaccine Uptake Among Australian Hajj pilgrims in 2011-13. Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets. 4(2): 117-124. July 2014. [Full text]

Gardner LM, Rey D, Heywood AE, Toms R, Wood J, Waller ST, Sheikh M, Macintyre CR. Discrepancies between observed and expected epidemiology of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the Hajj 2012 – a scenario-based approach. Risk Analysis. 34(8):1391-400. July 2014.

O’Grady KF, McHugh L, Nolan T, Richmond P, Wood N, Marshall HS, Lambert SB, Chatfield M, Andrews RM. FluMum: a prospective cohort study of mother-infant pairs assessing the effectiveness of maternal influenza vaccination in prevention of influenza in early infancy. BMJ Open. 4:6 e005676. June 2014. [Full text]

Chow MY, Yin JK, Heron L, Morrow A, Dierig A, Booy R, Leask J. The impact of influenza-like illness in young children on their parents: a quality of life survey. Quality of Life Research. 23(5):1651-60. June 2014. [Full text]

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PUBLICATIONSWood N1, Marshall H, White OJ, Holt PG, McIntyre P. Antibody and cell mediated immunity to pertussis 4 years after monovalent acellular pertussis vaccine at birth. The Pediatrics Infectious diseases . 33(5):511-7 . May 2014. [Full text]

Maher L, Dawson A, Wiley K, Hope K, Torvaldsen S, Lawrence G, Conaty S. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy: a qualitative study of the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of general practitioners in Central and South-Western Sydney. BMC Family Practice. 15(1):102. May 2014. [Full text]

C. Raina MacIntyre, Iman Ridda, Zhanhai Gao, Aye M. Moa mail, Peter B. McIntyre, John S. Sullivan, Thomas R. Jones, Andrew Hayen, Richard I. Lindley . A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Immunogenicity of 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Compared to 23-Valent Polysaccharide Vaccine in Frail, Hospitalized Elderly. PLOS ONE. 24(2):310-314.. April 2014. [Full text]

Luyten J, Desmet P, Dorgali V, Hens N, Beutels P. Kicking against the pricks: vaccine sceptics have a different social orientation. European Journal of Public Health. 24(2):310-314. April 2014. [Full text]

Liyanage SS, Segelov E, Malik A, Garland SM, Tabrizi SN, Cummins E, Seale H, Rahman B, Moa A, Barbour AP, Crowe PJ, MacIntyre CR. A case-control study of the role of human papillomavirus in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Australia. Journal of Oncology. vol. 2014, Article ID 236482. April 2014. [Full text]

Cunningham AL, Litt J and MacIntyre CR. Immunisation for herpes zoster: current status. The Medical Journal of Australia. 200(5):243-244. March 2014. [Full text]

Newall AT, Dehollain JP. The cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination in elderly Australians: An exploratory analysis of the vaccine efficacy required. Vaccine. 32(12):1323-5. March 2014. [Full text]

Quinn HE, Snelling TL, Macartney KK, McIntyre PB . Duration of protection after first dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in infants. Pediatrics. 133(3):513. March 2014. [Full text]

MacIntyre, CR., Heywood, AE. The Bradford-Hill criteria and evidence of association between influenza vaccination and ischaemic heart disease. Heart. Online publication. January 2014. January 2014.

R. MacIntyre, A. Heywood, P. Koovor . Influenza virus vaccine reduces risk of ischemic events: time for a large-scale randomized trial?. Future Cardiology. 10(1) 35-37 . January 2014.

Year Published: 2013

MacIntyre CR. Elderly vaccination—The glass is half full. Heart . 5 (12A): 80-85 . December 2013. [Full text]

MacIntyre CR, Heywood AE, Kovoor P, Ridda I, Seale H, Tan T, Gao Z, Katelaris AL, Siu HWD, Lo V, Lindley R, Dwyer DE. Ischaemic heart disease, influenza and influenza vaccination: a prospective case control study . Heart. Online publication. December 2013. [Full text]

Ridda I, Gao Z, MacIntyre CR. Attitudes, knowledge and perceptions towards whooping cough and pertussis vaccine in hospitalized adults. Vaccine. 32(9):1107-1112. December 2013.

Maher L, Hope K, Torvaldsen S, Lawrence G, Dawson A, Wiley K, Thomson D, Hayen A, Conaty S. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy: coverage rates and influencing factors in two urban districts in Sydney. . 31(47):5557–5564. November 2013. [Full text]

Liyanage SS, Li Q, Zheng Y, Seale H, Crowe PJ, Newall AT, Rahman B, Segelov E, Qu C-X, Zhao F-H, Liu J-F, Gao Z, Shi W, Yang P, Moa A, MacIntyre CR. The relationship between human papillomavirus and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China – a review of the evidence. Adv Infect Dis. 3 (1): 17-34. November 2013.

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Zheng Y, Yang P, Wu S, Ma C, Seale H, MacIntyre CR, Wang Q. A cross-sectional study of factors associated with uptake of vaccination against influenza among older residents in the postpandemic season in Beijing, China. BMJ Open. 2013;3: e003662. November 2013. [Full text]

Newall AT, Reyes JF, Wood JG, McIntyre P, Menzies R, Beutels P. Economic evaluations of implemented vaccination programmes: key methodological challenges in retrospective analyses. Vaccine. 32(7):759-65. November 2013. [Full text]

Oftadeh S, Gidding HF, Gilbert GL. Laboratory surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in New South Wales, Australia, before and after introduction of 7-valent conjugate vaccine: reduced disease, but not antibiotic resistance rates. Epidemiology and Infection. 25:1-10 [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1017/S095026881200218X. September 2013. [Full text]

Wiley KE, Massey PD, Cooper Robbins SC, Wood N, Quinn HE, Leask J. Pregnant women’s intention to take up a post-partum pertussis vaccine, and their willingness to take up the vaccine while pregnant: a cross sectional survey. Vaccine. 31 (37):3972-8. August 2013. [Full text]

Luyten J, Engelen B, Beutels P. The sexual ethics of HPV vaccination for boys. HEC Forum. [Epub ahead of print]. August 2013.

R. I. Menzies, P. Markey, R Boyd, A. P. Koehler, P. B. McIntyre. No evidence of increasing Haemophilus influenzae non-b infection in Australian Aboriginal children. International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 72: 20992. August 2013. August 2013. [Full text]

Liyanage SS, Rahman B, Ridda I, Newall AT, Tabrizi SN, Garland SM, Segelov E, Seale H, Crowe PJ, Moa A, MacIntyre CR.. The aetiological role of human papillomavirus in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 8(7): e69238. July 2013. [Full text]

Kilham H, Leask J. The Royal Australasian College of Physicians immunisation position statement. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 49(6): 427-431. July 2013. [Full text]

Penelope Abbott, Robert Menzies, Joyce Davison, Louise Moore and Han Wang. Improving immunisation timeliness in Aboriginal children through personalised calendars. BMC Public Health. 13:598. June 2013. [Full text]

Beard FH, Macartney KK. Infants born in Australia to mothers from countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis: to BCG or not to BCG? [letter]. The Medical Journal of Australia. 200 (3): 149-150. April 2013. [Full text]

Hull, B., Menzies, R., Macartney, K., McIntyre, P. Impact of the introduction of rotavirus vaccine on the timeliness of other scheduled vaccines: the Australian experience. Vaccine. 31(15): 1964-1969. April 2013. April 2013. [Full text]

Wiley KE, Massey PD, Cooper SC, Wood NJ, Ho J, Quinn HE, Leask J. Uptake of influenza vaccine by pregnant women: a cross-sectional survey. The Medical Journal of Australia. 198(7):373-5. March 2013. [Full Text]

Wiley KE, Leask J. Respiratory vaccine uptake during pregnancy. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 1(1): 9-11. March 2013. [Full Text]

Wiley KE, Zuo Y, Macartney KK, McIntyre PB. Sources of pertussis infection in young infants: a review of key evidence informing targeting of the cocoon strategy. Vaccine. 31(4) : 618 -25. January 2013. [Full text]

Gidding HF, Graves SR . Could it be Q fever? Seven lessons for Australia from the recent Dutch epidemic. Medical Journal of Australia. 198 (1): 9-10. January 2013. [Full text]

Luyten J, Dorgali V, Hens N, Beutels P. Public preferences over efficiency, equity and autonomy in vaccination policy: an empirical study. Social Science & Medicine. 77: 84-89. January 2013. [Full text]

Wiley KE, Zuo Y, Macartney KK, McIntyre PB. Sources of pertussis infection in young infants: a review of key evidence informing targeting of the cocoon strategy. Vaccine. 31(4):618-25. January 2013. [Full text]

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Year Published: 2012

Liu B, Guthridge S, Li SQ, Markey P, Krause V, McIntyre P, Sullivan E, Ward J, Wood N, Kaldor JM. The end of the Australia antigen? An ecological study of the impact of universal newborn hepatitis B vaccination two decades on. Vaccine. 30(50): 7309-14. November 2012. [Full text]

Seale H, Trung L, Mackie FE, Kennedy SE, Boros C, Marshall H, Tidswell J, Shaw PJ, Montgomery K, MacIntyre CR. A qualitative study investigating knowledge and attitudes regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) and the HPV vaccine among parents of immunosuppressed children. Vaccine . 30(49):7027-31. November 2012. [Full text]

Ridda I, Yin JK, King C, MacIntyre CR, McIntyre P. The importance of pertussis in older adults: a growing case for reviewing vaccination strategy in the elderly. Vaccine. 30(48):6745-6752. November 2012. [Full text]

Booy R, Lindley RI, Dwyer DE, Yin J, Heron L, Moffatt C, Chiu C, Rosewell A, Dean A, Dobbins T, Philp DJ, Gao Z, MacIntyre CR. Treating and preventing influenza in aged care facilities: a cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 7(10):e46509.. October 2012. [Full text]

Berry JG, Ryan P, Gold MS, Braunack-Mayer AJ, Duszynski KM, for the Vaccine Assessment Using Linked Data (VALiD) Working Group. A randomised controlled trial to compare opt-in and opt-out parental consent for childhood vaccine safety surveillance using data linkage. Journal of Medical Ethics. 38(10):619-625 . October 2012. [Full text]

Seale H, Macintyre CR. Seasonal influenza vaccination in Australian hospital health care workers: a review. Medical Journal of Australia. 195(6):336-8. September 2012. [Full text]

Seale H, Kaur R, Macintyre CR. Understanding Australian healthcare workers’ uptake of influenza vaccination: examination of public hospital policies and procedures. BMC Health Services Research. 12(1):325. September 2012. [Full text]

Heywood AE, Newall AT, Gao Z, Wood JG, Breschkin A, Nicholson S, Gidding HF, Dwyer DE, Gilbert GL, Macintyre CR. Changes in seroprevalence to hepatitis A in Victoria, Australia: a comparison of three time points. Vaccine. 30(42):6020-6026. September 2012. [Full text]

Newall AT, Dehollain JP, Wood JG. Under-explored assumptions in influenza vaccination models: Implications for the universal vaccination of children. Vaccine . 30(39):5776–5781. August 2012. [Full text]

Ward K, Chow MY, King C, Leask J. Strategies to improve vaccination uptake in Australia, a systematic review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 36(4):369-377. July 2012. [Full text]

Liu BC, McIntyre P, Kaldor JM, Quinn H, Ridda I, Banks E. Pertussis in older adults: prospective study of risk factors and morbidity. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 55(11):1450-1456. July 2012. [Full text]

Heywood AE, Watkins RE, Lamsirithaworn S, Nilvarangkul K, MacIntyre CR. A cross-sectional study of pre-travel health-seeking practices among travelers departing Sydney and Bangkok airports. BMC Public Health. 12:321 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-321. May 2012. [Full text]

Seale H, Mak JP, Razee H, Macintyre CR. Examining the knowledge, attitudes and practices of domestic and international university students towards seasonal and pandemic influenza. BMC Public Health. 12(1):307. April 2012. [Full text]

MacIntyre CR, Ridda I, Seale H, Gao Z, Ratnamohan VM, Donovan L, Zeng F, Dwyer DE. Respiratory viruses transmission from children to adults within a household. Vaccine. 30(19):3009-3014. April 2012. [Full text]

Heywood AE, Zhang M, MacIntyre CR, Seale H. Travel risk behaviours and uptake of pre-travel health preventions by university students in Australia. BMC Infectious Diseases . 12:43. February 2012. [Full text]

Li A, Newall AT, Britt H, MacIntyre CR. The cost and disease burden of pneumonia in general practice in Australia. Vaccine. 30(5):830- 831. January 2012. [Full text]

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Chief investigators

Chief Investigator A

Raina MacIntyre is Professor of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Head of the School of Public Health and Community Medicine at UNSW. She is an international leader in emerging infections and vaccinology, and is involved in numerous influenza and respiratory virus research studies that directly inform national and international policy and practice in communicable disease control.

Professor MacIntyre is Director of this CRE and also Stream Leader for Frail elderly In addition to providing overall direction on the CRE, she also has a key role in building capacity in methodological research across these areas by acting as a mentor to post-doctoral researchers within the CRE.

Chief Investigator B

Professor McIntyre has a clinical appointment at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead as a Senior Staff Specialist in Infectious Diseases and a conjoint academic appointment as Professor in the

Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health and in the School of Public Health of the University of Sydney.As a Chief Investigator B on the CRE, Peter McIntyre provides leadership and mentoring through his role as Director of the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance andworks closely with CIA MacIntyre with respect to governance and external relationships for the CRE. His primary research theme is neonatal and maternal vaccination and he forms the link for the indigenous research theme between the CRE and the activities of the SEARCH cohort study (on which he is a CI) being conducted through a number of Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services in New South Wales. His primary method stream contribution is in clinical trials and the use of routine data sets to inform policy.

Chief Investigator C

Robert Booy is Head of Clinical Research at NCIRS. His research interests extend from understanding the genetic basis of susceptibility to, and severity of, infectious diseases, especially influenza and invasive disease caused by encapsulated organisms; the clinical, public health, social and economic burden of these diseases; and means by which to prevent or control serious infections through vaccines, drugs and

non-pharmaceutical measures. Professor Booy is developing a research program and research capacity in clinical vaccine research focusing on children, and the frail elderly.

Chief Investigator D

Julie Leask is Associate Professor at the University of Sydney, School of Public Health and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance. She has a background in nursing and midwifery with a Master of Public Health (1998) and PhD (2003) from the University of Sydney. She is an affiliated with the Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine at the University of Sydney and was a visiting research fellow with the School of Healthcare University of Leeds, UK. Her research has focused on social and behavioural determinants of immunisation uptake and risk communication.A/Professor Leask leads the social sciences component of the CRE. This includes mentoring postdocs and supervision of postgratuates. A particular focus has been in developing and running workshops for capacity building and she is particularly involved in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stream

APPENDIX - CRE Members

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Chief Investigator E

Dr Nicholas Wood is a staff specialist general paediatrician and senior lecturer in the Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health at the University of Sydney. He is involved in the Immunisation Adverse Events Clinic and Refugee Clinic at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead. Dr Wood is NHMRC Career Development Fellow. He is interested in maternal and neonatal immunisation, as well as immunisation in lndigenous communities and developing countries

Dr Wood assists the design and conduct of maternal and newborn vaccine program at the Children’s Hospital at Westmead (CHW) site. He has extensive experience in the recruitment of infants onto clinical trials and has conducted two successful neonatal vaccine trials. He is also experienced in the management of immunisation adverse events and this will be an asset to any study where safety of vaccines is one of the outcome measures.

Chief Investigator F

Professor Cheryl Jones is Head of the Centre for Perinatal and Emerging Infection Research at The Children’s Hospital at

Westmead (CHW), a bench to bedside research program that spans laboratory based research, epidemiology and surveillance of infectious diseases to clinical research and translation into practice and policy. Professor Jones leads research themes of vaccinology as it applies to newborn vaccination (with CI Wood) and maternal vaccination to prevent vertical transmission of infections. She coordinates CRE in vaccinology with University of Sydney initiatives in the field, particularly the Sydney Emerging Infectious Diseases Institute activities. She utilises her educational expertise to contribute to programs for mentorship, and professional development for postgraduate students, postdoctoral fellows and clinical researchers employed on this CRE.

Chief Investigator G

Dr Rob Menzies is an epidemiologist. Rob Menzies has more than 20 years’ experience in communicable disease control, specialising in vaccine preventable disease epidemiology, evaluation of immunisation programs, and applying vaccines to improve the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. His research interests include improving immunisation program delivery, continuous quality improvement, and the use of large routine data collections r

Chief Investigator H

Professor John Kaldor is Professor of Epidemiology at KIRBY Institute, based at the UNSW in Sydney. His interests have included the development and implementation of public health surveillance systems, investigations of HIV-related cancer, cohort and cross-sectional investigations of risk factors for infectious disease transmission, and interventional trials of potential biomedical prevention agents.With his background in the technical methods of quantitative study design and analysis, and experience across a very wide spectrum of research topic, John Kaldor acts as an advisor at both the strategic and technical level in the development and conduct of research projects undertaken by the CRE. He works with AI James Ward and post doc Bette Liu on investigating the impact of vaccines for hepatitis B and human papillomavirus in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, determining the extent and risk factors for incomplete uptake, and devising and evaluating strategies for closing coverage gaps for these vaccines in Indigenous populations

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Chief Investigator I

Philippe Beutels is currently Associate Professor and scientific director of the Center for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID) of the Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute at the University of Antwerp in Belgium. His main research interests are health economic evaluation, modeling infectious diseases and economics of infectious disease prevention and control. He is the Senior Visiting Fellow in School of Public Health and Community Medicine at The University of New South Wales. He supervises pre and post doc researchers in relation to modeling and economic evaluation in Antwerp and Sydney during this CRE, and works closely with CIA MacIntyre in building the links between his organisation and the Australian-based organisations in the CRE.

Chief Investigator J

Professor Dominic Dwyer is a medical virologist and infectious diseases physician in the Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services,located in the ICPMR at Westmead Hospital, Sydney. He has a clinical and

research interest in viral diseases of public health importance. This includes HIV (where he coordinates an active program in antiretroviral drug resistance and HIV molecular epidemiology in Australia and the region), influenza and other respiratory viruses, and arboviruses. He leads an antiviral trials unit that has participated in over sixty studies of antiviral drugs and vaccines. His influenza research includes assessing interventions to prevent influenza transmission in closed environments, and developing assays for seasonal and pandemic influenza. CIDMLS has enhanced the laboratory investigative capacity in NSW for infectious disease outbreaks, with his particular focus being rapid detection and molecular epidemiology of outbreak and emerging viruses. Dominic Dwyer mentors researchers involved in the laboratory aspects of the CRE, and in some of the planned clinical trials.

Associate investigators

Associate Professor Christopher Poulos is the Hammond Chair of Positive Ageing at UNSW He works on frail elderly vaccinology research within the Hammond care aged care facility. He holds a Master’s Degree in health policy and management, and in 2012 was awarded his PhD

for work on utilisation review and the rehabilitation patient journey. He has many years of clinical experience working with people with disabling conditions, helping them to achieve their maximum level of functioning, quality of life and independence. He is an experienced researcher and teacher in the areas of rehabilitation and aged care and is a Visiting Principal Fellow with the Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong. In addition, he has undertaken a number of consultancies about the delivery of rehabilitation and sub-acute care services. His main clinical and research focus is on helping individuals and their carers achieve whole person wellness and developing workforce models to promote this aim.

Associate Professor James Ward is a Pitjantjatjara Nurrunga man, is the Head of Infectious Diseases Research Program-Aboriginal Health at the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute. He has progressed research in the areas of sexually transmissible infections (STIs), blood borne viruses (BBVs), vaccine preventable diseases and offender health. James is recognized as a key opinion leader on issues confronting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ health. He has led national research projects in Aboriginal health; sexually transmissible infections and blood borne viruses, including issues surrounding injecting

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drug use. His important work has made a significant impact over recent years, contributing to the development of national guidelines, as well as influencing policy and practice surrounding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ health in Australia.

James is the Leader of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Immunisation stream within the CRE.

Dr Rachel Skinner is Associate Professor in the Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney and Adolescent Physician at the Children’s Hospital Westmead in Sydney, Australia. Her clinical work is focussed on sexual and reproductive health and she consults in adolescent gynaecology through the Adolescent Medicine Unit at the Children’s Hospital Westmead. She works on social science research around HPV vaccination.

Dr Ben Marais is a South African trained Infectious Diseases Paediatrician who is an internationally recognized researcher in international child health, particularly tuberculosis, and other diseases affecting poor and marginalized populations.

His contribution to the CRE will be to undertake the study of travel related disease in children including in migrant and refugee children. He utilises the PAEDS national surveillance system to monitor causes of fever in children hospitalized following recent international travel, to inform pre-travel advice, travel vaccination and parental knowledge/attitudes would be assessed.

Kristine Macartney is a paediatrician specialising in infectious diseases. She is a medical graduate of the University of New South Wales, and gained much of her experience in the United States where she worked at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Her Doctorate of Medicine was on rotavirus infection, in particular the mucosal immune response to novel vaccine candidates. She was also a member of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and is interested in all aspects of vaccine preventable disease research.Associate Professor Macartney has a clinical appointment at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead as a Staff Specialist in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and a conjoint academic appointment as Associate Professor in the Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health of the University of Sydney. She is a member of the Therapeutic Good’s Administration Advisory Committee on the Safety of Vaccines (ACSOV). She works on pregnancy perinatal studies,

safety issues, and policy related projects on the CRE.

Professional Research Persons

Ms Telphia Joseph, a Yamatji woman from Western Australia and the National Indigenous Immunisation Coordinator based with NCIRS. She has qualifications in Community Development which led to her initial interest in environmental health and otitis media. Telphia has a qualitative research base and now acts in a liaison position between the National Immunisation Committee and service providers offering immunisation programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. She has completed Master of Philosophy at the University of Sydney involving an evaluation of immunisation activities in Aboriginal Medical Services and their reporting procedures to the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register. She is a member of the National Immunisation Committee and moderates the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Immunisation Network.

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Dr James Wood leads the mathematical modelling group and is senior lecturer at SPHCM UNSW specialising in modelling of infectious diseases. He gained his PhD in 2004 at University of Queensland. He will be responsible for developing transmission models that specifically incorporate infection and disease risk factors that relate to the special populations (modelling analysis of maternal infections and comparisons of the effectiveness vaccination options for pertussis) in CRE. Dr Wood works closely with CI Beutels and his modelling group in Belgium, collaborating with key researchers in the European Union through this link.

Dr Mohamud Sheikh is a Senior Lecturer in International Health, Tropical and Infectious diseases at SPHCM, UNSW. He graduated from the University of Sydney with double Master in Health Sciences and International Public health and a doctorate in public health. Dr Sheikh has established himself as a young leader in research and intervention to improve the health of immigrants and refugees. His research focuses on immigrants and refugees health within CRE specific projects and has extensive links and networks with key refugee and migrant groups

in Australia. His other research interest include, infectious diseases research (such as TB, Malaria, Vaccine Preventable diseases among other), International Health Development, Infectious Diseases Outbreak Investigation and Humanitarian Emergencies, Public Health Anthropology, Human Rights and Public Health, Tropical Diseases Surveillance and Control among other. He has had several peer reviewed publications and also reviews for several international health journals.

Dr Holly Seale, a Senior Lecturer at SPHCM, UNSW, completed her PhD at the University of Sydney in 2008. She has qualifications and experience in microbiology, virology, public health and epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases. As an infectious disease public health researcher, she has conducted clinical, behavioural and data based research. She is currently working with Dr Anita Heywood on improving the uptake of immunisation amongst migrants and refugees.

Dr Anthony Newall is Associate Professor in health economics at the SPHCM, UNSW. He

completed his PhD at the University of Sydney on the economic evaluation of vaccination programs. He has published cost effectiveness, statistical and epidemiological analyses on a range of infectious diseases. He contributes to disease and economic modelling projects within the CRE, working with CI Beutels and other CRE members.

Dr Bette Liu is a medically trained epidemiologist and Associate Professor at the School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW, obtained her PhD in 2009. She has extensive experience in conducting large-scale epidemiological studies involving record linkage and amalgamation of individual data. She contributes her epidemiologic expertise to the analysis and interpretation of the study results on the CRE.

Dr Anita Heywood is an infectious disease epidemiologist and Senior lecturer at SPHCM, UNSW. Her doctoral work commenced in 2007. Her research focuses on traveller behaviours and travel patterns of Australian international air traffic examining the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of international travellers to infectious disease risks and preventative

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health practices. She works on attitudes and risk perceptions in travellers and travel health within CRE specific projects, focusing on migrant VFR travellers and their risk of introducing vaccine-preventable diseases into Australia.

Dr Heather Gidding is an infectious diseases epidemiologist and biostatistician and Senior Research Fellow at SPHCM, UNSW. She completed her PhD in 2011 while working at the Kirby Institute. Her main areas of interest include the use of routinely collected data for epidemiological research, in particular using data linkage methods, and longitudinal data analysis techniques. She has comprehensive training in diagnostic microbiology, infectious diseases epidemiology, vaccinology and biostatistics. Her experience in managing complex epidemiological studies and analysing large longitudinal datasets contributes widely in this study.

Dr Harunor Rashid received paediatric training in Bangladesh, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and the UK ultimately receiving, in 2009, Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree from the University of London for

the thesis entitled, ‘Epidemiology of respiratory infections associated with Hajj pilgrimage’. He joined NCIRS in June 2011 as an epidemiologist. He is particularly interested in vaccine-preventable infections among travellers

Dr Tom Snelling is a paediatric infectious diseases physician at Princess Margaret Hospital and NHMRC Frank Fenner Early Career Research Fellow at the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research. His work has a strong focus on vaccine-related questions in relation to Aboriginal and international child health, in particular the evaluation of vaccination and other public health strategies to minimise the burden of infectious diseases. His PhD studied the impact of vaccination in reducing gastroenteritis in remote Australian settings. His post-doctoral work will investigate optimal schedules for delivering rotavirus vaccines in remote Australia and in resource poor settings. He is also investigating the safety of pertussis vaccination in early infancy, and the relationship (if any) with the risk of allergic disease.His contribution to the CRE is on the application of case-control and other epidemiological methods to answer vaccine-related policy-driven questions, particularly in relation to Aboriginal and international child health. He is convening the National Indigenous Immunisation Research Workshop in November 2013.

Megan Williams is a descendent of the Wiradjuri people through her father’s family. She has experience in health service delivery and research, she has completed PhD program about social support among urban Aboriginal people post-prison release works with AI James Ward on immunisation issues in Aboriginal people, with a focus on adults and vulnerable populations. She has a rare mix of qualitative and quantitative research specialising in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health.

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CRE Fellows

Dr Jenny Royle is an Immunisation Paediatrician who has 15 years of experience working at the Immunisation Service of the Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH), Melbourne, providing clinical immunisation advice for parents and staff, Community Immunisation Providers and the Victorian Department of HealthHer contribution to the CRE is a project looking at the identification of culturally sensitive approaches to improve immunisation coverage and timeliness of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and their families. She works in collaboration with Prof Peter McIntyre, Dr Julie-Anne Leask, Dr Robert Menzies, Ms Telphia-Leanne Joseph, Dr Nick Wood and other members of the team.

Dr. Lauren Gardner is a Senior lecturer in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of New South Wales. Her core research area is network modelling; specifically developing network based mathematical models to quantify metrics for risk, health, economic, environmental and societal impacts of transport

systems. Her contribution to the CRE is a project on quantifying the combined impact transportation systems, ecological systems and social networks have on the epidemiological process. She has recently developed predictive models which exploit the use of network optimization tools, real-time infection data, ecological models, and properties of the transport system. These models can aid in surveillance and policy decisions for the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases. She will be collaborating with Prof Raina MacIntyre, Anita Heywood, James Wood and other members of the team.

Dr Virginia Wiseman joined SPH&CM (part time) in 2012 where she leads an AusAID funded study assessing equity in health care financing in the Pacific. She continues to work at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine where she has been based for the past 12 years working across a range of Sub-Saharan countries. Virginia conducts research in the fields of health care financing, economic evaluation of complex public health interventions, health systems strengthening and health equity analysis. Much of this work has been in the area of malaria control investigating ways of improving access to malaria treatment. She currently leads a study evaluating alternative strategies for the deployment of

artemisinin-based combination therapy and rapid diagnostic tests at the community level in Nigeria and Cameroon (ACT Consortium funded by the Gates Foundation: http://www.actconsortium.org/).

Dr Michelle Barnes is an advanced paediatric trainee registrar at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead. She completed a PhD examining the symptomatic and serologic epidemiology of pertussis in Australia, which had significant impact on Australian immunisation policy.

Dr Barnes projects include an immunogenicity study of the Human Papilloma Virus vaccine in immuno-compromised children; the character of the relationship between influenza infection, influenza vaccination and acute myocardial infarcts; immunogenicity and safety profile of the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in children who have underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation; as well as researching the epidemiology of Ebola virus to provide information that can be translated into a meaningful way to assist health care workers involved in the current pandemic. She will be working with Prof Raina MacIntyre Dr Holly Seale and Dr Anita Heywood, as well as other members of the CRE team.

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We acknowledge that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have inhabited Australia for well over 50,000 years and that their unique cultures and identities are bound up with the land and sea.

CRE affiliated organisations

CRE Office, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia| www.creimmunisation.com.au | CRICOS Provider Code 00098G


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