KnowledgeSharingBetweenFounda3onsEngagedinYouthDevelopmentin

Muslim–MajorityCountries:JordanandPales3ne

Part1ofa2partstudyonKnowledgeSharing,MuslimPhilanthropyandtheWider

StateofData

SUMMARYREPORT

GlobalChallengesResearchFund,UK

2018-2019

Professor Jenny HarrowDr Yunus Sola

ThisresearchwassupportedbytheGlobalChallengesResearchFundprovidedbyResearchEngland

FD270919 1

SUMMARY REPORTGlobal Challenges Research Fund, UK | 2018-2019

Part 1 of a 2 part study on Knowledge Sharing, Muslim Philanthropy and the Wider State of Data

Contents

TablesandFigures

Contents 2

TablesandFigures 2

Acknowledgements 3

IntroducAon 4

LiteratureReview 5

WorkingDefiniAonsfortheProject 6

ResearchinginMuslim-MajorityCountries 7

ResearchDesignandMethods 8

Findings(i):VisualisaAonsfortheKnowledgeandLearningFlowsinParAcipaAngOrganisaAonsandOrganisaAonalProfiles;andVisualisaAonExamples 14

Findings(ii):TheNarraAveCaseAccounts:Examples 19

TheThemaAcAnalysisofFindings 21

DiscussionoftheFindings 27

LimitaAonsoftheStudy 29

SuggesAonsforthefurtherdevelopmentoftheresearch 29

Conclusions 29

‘NextSteps’ 31

References 33

Table 1: working definitions for the research 7Table 2 The Alignment of Research Objectives and Research Questions 9Table 3 Invitations to Participate in Field Research; Numbers, Location and Foundation Type 10Table 4 Philanthropic Organisation Case Study Profiles - Jordan 12Table 5 Philanthropic Organisation Case Study Profiles - Palestine 13Table 6 Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation (AHSF) Data Summary 15Table 7 Crown Prince Foundation Data Summary 16Table 8 A.M. Qattan Foundation (AMQF) Data Summary 17Table 9 Major Themes Identified Through Thematic Analysis 21Table 10 Positioning the Themes within Overarching Thematic Categories 22

Figure 1 Identifying Stakeholders and Potential Directions of Information Sharing and Knowledge Flows in Philanthropic Foundations 11Figure 2 Knowledge Sharing and Learning Flows - Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation (AHSF) 15Figure 3 Knowledge Sharing and Learning Flows - Crown Prince Foundation 16Figure 4 Knowledge Sharing and Learning Flows - A.M. Qattan Foundation (AMQF) 17Figure 5 Knowledge Sharing and Learning Flows - Taawon 18Figure 6 Positioning the Themes 23Figure 7 Visualising the Themes with Sub Themes 24

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Acknowledgements

ThisresearchwassupportedbytheUKGovernment’s‘GlobalChallengesResearchFund’,asacollaboraAve

projectbetweentheWorldCongressofMuslimPhilanthropists’AcademyofPhilanthropyandtheCentre

forCharitableGivingandPhilanthropy,(CGAP)CassBusinessSchool,City,UniversityofLondon.

WewishtothanktheGCRFforitssupport;andWCMP,AcademyofPhilanthropy,andCGAPforsupportand

accesstotheirnetworks.

OurdeepestgraAtudegoestoallthefoundaAonswhichwelcomedboththeresearchandtheresearcher,

fortheirAme,theircontribuAonsandfortheirconAnuedinterestintheresearchfindings.

ProfessorJennyHarrow,CGAPDrYunusSola,AcademyofPhilanthropy

September2019

FD270919 3

Introduction

Thisreportdocumentstheworkofthefirstofthetworesearchenterpriseswhichcomprisedthisproject,

enAtled‘KnowledgeSharingbetweenFounda3onsEngagedinYouthDevelopmentinMuslim-Majority

Communi3es-theWiderStateofData’.ItpresentsfindingsfromqualitaAvecasestudyresearchwith

twelvefoundaAons,purposivelyidenAfied,operaAnginJordanandinPalesAne.Workinginyouth

development,eachofthemareeitherJordanianorPalesAnianfoundaAons,ratherthanexternally-based

foundaAonsorinternaAonalphilanthropicinsAtuAons.

Theresearchaddressestheresearchpuzzlethatsurroundsincreasingglobalcallsforphilanthropic

foundaAonstosharetheirknowledgeandlearningacrossthefoundaAonandphilanthropyspectrum.Such

knowledge-sharingispromotedasenhancingfoundaAons’performanceanddemonstraAngtheirimpactin

tacklingsocialproblemsandmeeAngmissions.Yetlihleisknownaboutthe‘what’and‘how’of

foundaAons’knowledgesharing,internalorexternal,itsrealiAesandpracAcaliAes,inregionalseings,such

astheMiddleEast.

Thisexploratorystudyseekstoredresstheimbalancesofthisresearchpuzzle,bydiscoveringfoundaAons’

experiencesinknowledgesharingintwoMiddleEasterncountries,JordanandPalesAne.Itconcentrateson

philanthropicacAoninyouthdevelopment,sincebothcountriesfacesignificantpressures,from

demographic,employment,educaAon,conflictandpostconflictperspecAves,foryouthandforyoung

people.

Theresearchaimsare,firstlytodiscovertheextentofandapproachestoknowledgesharingwithpeers,

collaboratorsandbeneficiariesdemonstratedbyselectedfoundaAonsworkinginthefieldofyouth

development,intheMuslim-majoritycountriesofJordanandPalesAne.Secondly,toidenAfythepotenAal

forfurtheringknowledgesharingandlearningopportuniAesamongsuchfoundaAonsworkinginthese

contexts,whichemergefromthisstudy.

TheobjecAvesarefirstlytoprovideopportuniAesforthevoices,experiencesandpracAcesoffoundaAons,

operaAnginJordanandPalesAnetoberepresentedintheglobaldebatesonfoundaAons’knowledge

sharingandlearningacAviAesandopportuniAes;andsecondlytodeepenunderstandingofandfurther

supportthesefoundaAons’approachestoknowledgesharingandlearningamongrelevantstakeholders,

includingpeerfoundaAonsandexternallybased(internaAonalandregional)foundaAons,NGOs,usersand

beneficiaries.

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LiteratureReview

Thisreviewconsideredtheliterature’sdirecAons,includingraAonalesforfoundaAons’knowledgeand

informaAonsharing,includingshowingprogressonobjecAves,ensuringdialoguewithconsAtuenciesand

beneficiaries;andlearningfromone’sownandotherorganisaAons,toimprovepracAce(BrouardandGlass,

2017).Amongchallengeswerelackofdonor-recipientinteracAon,barrierstosharingthatweresectorally

andcontextuallydependent;alsothedifficulAesofadapAngtonewcircumstanceswhilesimultaneously

evaluaAngwhatisworkinganddecidingAmeandresourcesallocaAonforknowledgesharing,thatis,

situaAonsofconAnuoustransiAon.(IVAR,2015,2017).

ScholarsassessthatfoundaAons’capacitytoproduceknowledgeandfosterlearningbecomescentralto

theircreaAvity;andalsocriAcaloverAme,whenlackofsoluAonstoproblemsmayolenbeasrelatedto

lackofknowledge,astolackofpoliAcalwillormoney(AnheierandLeat,2006,2019).AsfoundaAons’

knowledge-creaAonandknowledge-carryingcapacitycomestothefore,asbothassetandprocess,

increasinginteresthasalsodevelopedregardingfoundaAons’knowledgesources,gatheringand

applicaAons.OrrandJung(2016)recognisefoundaAonsvariouslyasknowledgepatrons,providers,

mediatorsandsAmulatorsofknowledge.Otherexamplesincludestudiesofknowledgetransferbetween

Italianfor-profitcorporaAonsandtheircorporatefoundaAons(MinciulloandPedrini,2015);andof

implemenAngcommunity-basedknowledgeasaleadershiptoolbyCanadiancommunityfoundaAons

(Phillipsetal,2016).AccepAngthatfoundaAonsexisttopromotepublicgood,withmanystatesofferingtax

advantagesforsodoing,thequesAonarisesastowhetherfoundaAons’knowledge,internalandexternal,is

publicknowledge(JungandHarrow,2016).

Whereresearchersuse‘knowledge’and‘informaAon’interchangeably,knowledgeisinformaAonprocessed

byindividualsincludingideas,facts,experAse,andjudgmentsrelevantforindividual,team,and

organisaAonalperformance(WangandNoe,2010,followingAlaviandLeidner,2001).LeeandAl-

Hawamdeh(2002)provideanilluminaAngdefiniAonofknowledgesharingasathoughnulactthatcreates

valuetobeusedbyothers.PartlyunderpinningtherealiAesofknowledgesharingarethefactorssustaining

orlimiAngcollaboraAon,withinandbetweenorganisaAons.(SveibyandSimon,2002).

Inbusinessliteratures,knowledgesharingisunderstoodasthebasisforachievingandsustaining

compeAAveadvantage,whereasinthenon-profitliterature,knowledgesharinghelpstoenhancethe

sharingorganisaAons’performance,inmeeAngtheirsocialpurposes(Rathietal2014).Nooretal(2015)for

example,inaquanAtaAvestudy,exploreknowledgesharing,collaboraAveculture,andbeneficiary

parAcipaAonasdeterminantsofnonprofiteffecAveness,inthecontextofMalaysiannonprofits,.Context

thereforeisall-important.SergeevaandAndreeva(2016)stressitscentralitytoknowledgesharing

research;andarguethatmuchempiricalresearchonknowledgesharingtendstodownplaycontext.They

drawahenAontothe‘who’(whosharesknowledge)‘where’(in‘whatseingsdoesthisoccur?)‘why(the

‘organisaAonalreasonsforknowledgesharing)and‘what’(whatknowledgeisbeingshared)quesAons;

quesAonswhicharedrawnoninthisresearch.

FD270919 5

Concernsabouttheextentandnatureofknowledgeflows,withinandacrossfoundaAonsarelongstanding.

Ostrander’s(2007)ahenAontophilanthropy’ssocialrelaAons,emphasisingthelackofknowledgetransfer

whendonorsandrecipientsdonotinteract,isreiteratedbyWebbFarley(2018)adecadelater.Thelaher

stressesthatthereremainslackofclarityastowhetherrecipientsanddonorsshareknowledgethatwould

allowinformeddecisionsaboutgivingtothebehermentofsociety.Thisisespeciallysoregardingfailuresin

foundaAons’acAviAesaswellassuccesses,longregardedasanuntappedfoundaAonresource(Gilothand

Gerwitz,2009).

AdvocacyforusingfoundaAons’knowledgeforpracAceimprovementanddevelopmentconAnuestobe

markedamongleadingphilanthropicfoundaAonnetworksandinpracAceliteraturesgenerally.(IVAR2015,

2017,AFG,2018,ButeauandGlickman,2018;Poortvliet,HeadyandBrick,2012).Scholarlyorscholar-

pracAceanalysesoffoundaAons’knowledgesharingraAonalesandexperiencesareneverthelessrelaAvely

fewinnumber.(Seeforexample,JansonandHandy,2016).

AhesAngthataknowledge/pracAceproblemorchallengeexistsbegsthequesAonastoapproachestothe

problem’sresoluAon;andthenatureofthelearningthatresults.Athreefoldtypologyofapproachesis

providedbyToomanetal(2016):linearmodels,involvingdirecttransferofknowledge,fromcreatorsto

users,whereaknowledgedeficitoccursandisresolved;relaAonalmodels,wherelinkagesandinteracAons

betweenpeoplearecentraltoknowledgecreaAonandsharing,andsystemsmodels,whereknowledgeis

sociallyembeddedamongmyriadandinterdependentactorsandgroups,wherepeopleshapeandare

shapedbythesystem;andknowinginpracAceisaconAnualworkinprogress.ThepracAce-advocacy

literaturemaybeinterpretedasencompassingallthreemodels;butforsome,mayrepresentasmuch

foundaAonrhetoricasfoundaAonreality.AlternaAvely,thispracAce-advocacyliteraturemayunder-

esAmatethenatureofthechallengesofintroducingandachievingknowledge-sharinggoals,supporAng

thedirecAonsofshort-termprogrammesandprojects,,tothedetrimentoflongtermwork;andrunning

theriskofimposingasenseofknowledgedeficitsamongthosefoundaAonswhosesharingislimitedor

difficultacrosstherangeofcontextsandpressuresunderwhichfoundaAonswork.

WorkingDefinitionsfortheProject

ThephilanthropystudiedislimitedtothatundertakenbytheinsAtuAonsknownasfoundaAons.Table1

belowsetsouttheworkingdefiniAonsfortheresearch.

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Table1:workingdefiniAonsfortheresearch

ResearchinginMuslim-MajorityCountries

Asanoverallguide,weusedElTaraboulsi’swork(op.cit),whichconsidersMuslimphilanthropyas

developingthroughitsencounterswithotherphilanthropiccultures;whilelocaAngourresearchintwo

Muslim-majoritycountries.HerworkusesthenoAonofspacetoopenconversaAonsaboutMuslim

philanthropy,sothatphilanthropicpracAcesintheMuslimworldaretheresultofaninterfacebetween

Islamandtheculturesencountered.HerexposiAon,(originallyforthedevelopmentoftheMuslim

PhilanthropyDigitalLibrary)regardsMuslimphilanthropyasgeographicalandculturalandnotlimitedto

faith-basedphilanthropy;itscontentsspanningtherangeofphilanthropicpracAcesinMuslim-majority

countriesandMuslimcommuniAesworldwide.

OriginaldiscussionsproposingresearchcollaboraAononthistopichadleanttowardsexploringfoundaAons

exemplifyingMuslimphilanthropy;withthestandingoftheWCMPanditsAcademyofPhilanthropyas

centraltoengagingrespondents’supportinthedemandingcontextsofJordanandPalesAne.Theproject

beganimmediatelyfollowingtheWCMP’s‘GlobalDonorsForum’,inLondon,2018.Increasinglyhowever,

thecomplexiAesofassessingwhatwouldcountasaMuslimphilanthropy-basedfoundaAoninthese

countriesbecameevident.TheextenttowhichfaithadherenceprovidedabasisforphilanthropicacAon

wouldrestonjudgmentsopentointerpretaAonandchangeoverAme.(Tadros2011).Moreover,the

PhilanthropicfoundaAons Characterisedashaving::founderswithcharitableorphilanthropicintenAons(individuals,families,companiesorcommuniAes);incomeandfunds,privatelyraised;publicbenefitrolesandpurposes(throughgrantfundingotherorganisaAons’projectsandprogrammesorthroughdirectoperaAonalprojectorganisaAon);andindependentgovernancestructures.(Prah,etal,2012).

knowledge Broadly:jusAfiedpersonalbeliefthatincreasesanindividual’scapacitytotakeeffecAveacAon(AlaviandLeidner2001);Specifically:knowledgeisinformaAonprocessedbyindividualsincludingideas,facts,experAse,andjudgmentsrelevantforindividual,team,andorganizaAonalperformance(WangandNoe,2010).

Learning,intheorganisaAonal

context

AchangeintheorganisaAonthatoccursasafuncAonofexperience,occurringoverAme;beingcyclical,astaskperformanceexperienceisconvertedintoknowledge,thatinturnchangestheorganisaAon’sfutureexperiences(ArgoteandMironSpektor,2011).

Youthdevelopment anumbrellatermforthosephilanthropicpurposesfavouringsupportandprovisionforyoungpeople,betweentheagesoffileenandthirty,whetherinindividual,group,communityornaAonalseings.ItsambitrangesfromformaltoinformaleducaAonandtrainingsupport,throughcommunitywork,volunteering,otherformsofsocialacAonandsupportforpublicandcivicparAcipaAon,toemploymentandeconomicopportunityprogrammes,includingenterpriseandinnovaAoniniAaAvesandseedingentrepreneurship,bothsocialandcommercial.

FD270919 7

religionsanddevelopmentliteraturehighlightedthedifficulAesofdisentanglingreligionfromits

interacAonswiththesocial,economicandpoliAcalcontextinwhichitislived,revealingthecomplexityof

religiouslandscapesandoftherelaAonshipsbetweenreligion,valuesandbehaviour.(Rakodi,2011).In

someseings,‘faith-based’terminologywasitselfproblemaAc(SeeforexamplePolicyBriefing,2011,

regardingdevelopmentinKarachiandSindh.)

Siddiqui’s(2018)all-embracingviewofthenatureofMuslimphilanthropy,asgivingofanykindwhich

involvesself-idenAfyingMuslimindividuals,insAtuAons,communiAes,andsocieAesaskeyagents,provided

aninclusiveapproach.However,thiswentbeyondthescopeofourstudyanditsinsAtuAonal(foundaAon

-only)frame.ItalsoraisedquesAonsastohowself-idenAficaAonwouldoccurandberecognised.We

decidedinsteadthereforetoframeourresearchinthecontextoftwoMuslim-majoritycountries .These1

wereseingswherefoundaAonsasinsAtuAonswouldnotbesoughtforresearchpurposesaseither

specificallyfaith-basedorotherwise;butwouldbeinvitedtoindicatetheirfaithposiAons,forexample,as

Muslimfaith-expressive,ifnotspecificallyfaith-based,orasreflecAngnoonefaith-philanthropicstance.

Inthis,wewerealsoguidedbyworkincludingKhader(2018),reflecAngthatitmightbemoreapttoreferto

‘Muslimphilanthropies’,suggesAngthathowIslamisinterpretedbyself-idenAfyingMuslimswillchangenot

onlyinAme,butalsoacrossdifferentlocales.Singer(2018),further,suggeststhatitseemsanincomplete

undertakingtoisolatereligiousbelieffromthedynamicsofsocietyandculture,poliAcs,andeconomics;all

criAcalfeaturesinthetwocountrieswewerestudying.ShegoesonsuggestthattheMuslimcharacterof

anyphilanthropicactis,ulAmately,onlyoneoftheact’sidenAfyingfeatures,includingsize,locaAon,and

beneficiaries,anyofwhichmaybedeterminedbywherethedonorlives,herorhisfinancialsituaAon,or

personalexperiencesthatprioriAseparAcularconcerns.

ResearchDesignandMethods

TheresearchdesignwasexploratoryandillustraAve,ratherthanevaluaAve,usingapurposivecasestudy

method,seekinginformaAon-richcases.ResearchquesAonsweredeveloped,toalignwithresearch

objecAves,showninTable2.

Hasan(2015,3)recordsthat1.1billionMuslims(ofthe1,6billionworldwide)livein47Muslimmajoritycountriesin1

AfricaandAsia.ProporAonsvaryfromjustover50%tonearly100%.Jordanisreportedwitha93%MuslimpopulaAon;figurescompiledfromUNDPrecords.NofigureisgivenforPalesAne.

FD270919 8

Table2TheAlignmentofResearchObjecAvesandResearchQuesAons

AlthoughresourcesandAmeconstraintsprecludedanextensivereviewofthedevelopmentandcivil

societyliteraturesrelaAngtoJordanandPalesAne,theseliteratureswereconsideredbrieflyfromthe

perspecAveoftheirresearchfocusandresearchmethodschoices.Thisliteratureconcentratedontwo

aspects.Firstly,itsfocuswaseitheronorganisaAonalaidfromdonorsoutsidethesecountries,(Ibrahimand

Beaudet,2012;WildemanandTarAr2014,NaAl2016,Wildeman,2018,Zureik,2018)located

internaAonallyorregionally;oronNGOs,bothinternaAonalandlocalasrecipientsofdonors’support(for

example,Parigi,2016,and2018,AAaandHerrold,2018).Secondly,theresearchmethodsemployedwere

predominantlyqualitaAve,withparAcularuseofpurposeful,casestudyresearch(forexample,AAaand

Herrold,ibid;alsoAkelaandEid,2018.)

WefoundminimalliteratureonfoundaAonsbasedwithinthesecountrieswithonepaperciAngasingle

PalesAnianexampleincomparisonwithNorthernIreland(Kilmurray2015),andoneexaminingaspectsof

civilsocietyinJordan(JungandJuulPetersen,2014),butconcentraAngoncharitable(ratherthan

philanthropic)development.Withthisliteratureinmind,togetherwiththeresearchquesAons,wechosea

purposivecaseapproachamongselectedfoundaAonsinJordanandPalesAne,WestBank,forwhich

descripAve,qualitaAvedatawouldbegathered.

Formalwrihenapproachesweremadetointroducetheprojectandexplainitsapproach,explainingits

collaboraAvepurposes,andundertakingtosharecaseaccountsfromtheinterviewswithinterviewee,for

validaAonpurposes;andhelpsecurefoundaAons’confidenceintheresearchprocessandfindings.We

hopeditwouldbepossibletoidenAfythefoundaAons,tocontextualisetheirpracAcesandexperiencesand

supportknowledgesharingconnecAons,followingtheresearch.Wewerealsoveryawareofthechallenges

thatthismightpose(Mohmandetal2017).Asenseofsharedlanguageandunderstandingofyouth

ResearchObjecAves ResearchQuesAons

1.ToprovideopportuniAesforthevoices,experiencesandpracAcesoffoundaAons,operaAnginJordanandPalesAnetoberepresentedintheglobaldebatesonfoundaAons’knowledgesharingandlearningacAviAesandopportuniAes

1.Howdo(selected)foundaAonsgather,useandvalueknowledgeoftheiryouthdevelopmentprogrammes,tosupporttheirorganisaAons’internallearning?

2.WhatarethedirecAonsoftheknowledge,knowledgeexchangesandlearningflowstakingplaceintheworkofthesefoundaAons?

3.Towhatextent,whyandwithwhomdofoundaAonssharetheirknowledgeandlearningfromtheiryouthdevelopmentprogrammesexternallywithotherfoundaAonsandinsAtuAons;andlearnfromexternalknowledgesources?

2.TodeepenunderstandingofandfacilitatethesefoundaAons’approachestoknowledgesharingandlearningamongrelevantstakeholders,includingpeerfoundaAonsandexternallybased(‘internaAonal’)foundaAons,NGOs,usersandbeneficiaries.

4.WhataretheconsequencesofthestateofknowledgesharingandlearningflowsfoundinfoundaAonsinJordanandPalesAne,forthesefoundaAons’conAnuingphilanthropydevelopment?

FD270919 9

developmenttrendsanddifficulAeswehopedwouldalsobeprovidedthroughthespecialistexperAseof

ourfieldinterviewer(AoPDirector). .2

Onetooneandface-to-facesemi-structuredinterviewsbytheDirectorofWCMP’sAcademyof

PhilanthropyweresoughtwithfoundaAons’seniormanagers;andsupplemented,alsowherefeasibleby

organisaAons’documentaAon.ThemaAcanalysisofthecasetranscriptswasplanned,asa“methodfor

systemaAcallyidenAfying,organisingandofferinginsightsintopahernsofmeaning(themes)acrossadate

set….idenAfyingwhatiscommontowayatopicistalkedaboutandwrihenaboutandofmakingsenseof

thosecommonaliAes”(BraunandClarke,2012,57).

IniAally21potenAalfoundaAonsJordanandPalesAne,wereidenAfied:2inter-governmental;1European,

basedelsewhereintheMiddleEast,1locallybased,fundedbyaUSfoundaAon;3basedelsewhereinthe

MiddleEast,2localcorporatefoundaAons;2governmen–directed;10locallybased.However,giventhe

gapweidenAfiedinresearchinterestinlocally-basedandrootedfoundaAons,weconcentratedwhollyon

thislahergrouping,asorganisaAonsthatwouldexemplifythe‘philanthropyofplace’,localfoundaAons

thatwereinternallyratherthanexternallybased,“embeddedbylongtermengagement”(with

communiAes)and“placetargeAng(withcomprehensivecommunityiniAaAves)”(Pill,2019,185.)With12

suchorganisaAonsidenAfied,thestandingofeachproposedcase,wasconfirmed,asshownintable3.

Table3InvitaAonstoParAcipateinFieldResearch;Numbers,LocaAonandFoundaAonType

CriteriaforapilotcasestudytotestinterviewpreparaAonanddelivery,andourapproachtoanalysisof

findingsrequiredafoundaAonwithextensiveexperienceinyouthdevelopmentphilanthropy,withwork

thatincludedgrantmakingorprogrammeoperaAonsinJordanand/orPalesAne.Weaccessedamajor

ItalianfoundaAon,inOctober2018,whereexperAseincludedworkingwithUNpartnersonyouthsocial

entrepreneurshipinEuro-Medcountries,includingJordanandPalesAne.Followingtheinterviews,thecase

Country Foundedbyindividualsand/orfamilymembers

Foundedbymembersof(Jordanian)RoyalFamily

FoundedasCSDarmofabusinesscorporaAon

CommunityFoundaAon

FoundedasanarmofabankFoundaAon

TotalofcaseinvitaAons

Jordan 2 2 2 6foundaAons

BasedinJordanandoperaAngexclusivelyinPalesAne

1 1foundaAon

PalesAne 3foundedbyindividualsand/orfamilymembers

1foundedbybusinesscorporaAon

1communityfoundaAon

5foundaAons

TotalOrganisaAons 12

DrYunusSola2

FD270919 10

accountwassubsequentlywrihenup,itscontentanalysed,usingthemaAcanalysisandthecaseshared

withthefoundaAon,whichchosetoremainanonymousinthestudy.

Learningfromthepilotledfirstlytoamendandre-directthecontentandrunningorderoftheinterview

frameworkandquesAons,sharpeningquesAonsandensurethatknowledge/learningexamples(inthis

caseengagementwithyouthalumninetworks)weresufficientlyhighlighted.Secondly,tothedevelopment

ofasuccinct,summaryframework,depicAngafoundaAon‘sknowledgeflowdirecAonsandsourcesstudy,

donediagrammaAcally.Forthis,wetookinspiraAonfromthediagrammaAcanalysisofinformaAonsharing

mechanismsandflowlinesamongCanadianfoundaAons,developedbyBrouardandGlass(op.cit).We

iniAallyconsideredanewopeningapproach/’warmup’fortheinterview,inwhichinterviewees“lookatand

then‘locate’theirfoundaAon,withinthegivenpictorialframeworkwhichwewouldprovide..Twoproposed

visualisaAons,drawingonBrouardandGlass,weredevised.,firsttoidenAfystakeholderswithout

knowledgeflowsandsecondlytosuggestdirecAonsofthoseflowsbetweenstakeholders(Figure1)

Figure1IdenAfyingStakeholdersandPotenAalDirecAonsofInformaAonSharingandKnowledgeFlowsinPhilanthropicFoundaAons

ThisapproachwasrejectedaslikelytoimplyamodelofgoodpracAce,andthenrevisedagainforathird

Ame.ItsfinaliteraAonwasnotusedintheinterviews,butinsteadusedasameansofrecordingand

summarisingtheinterviews,alertheevent.Thus,visual‘portraits’ofeachofthecasescouldbedrawnup,

inaddiAontothedetailedinterviewtranscripts,assourcesforthemaAcanalysis.

AlltwelvefoundaAonsagreedtoparAcipateintheresearch,andtobeidenAfiedbyname,organizaAonal

characterisAcsandtheroleoftheintervieweeineachcase.SomefeltthatitwasessenAalforthisresearch

fortheorganisaAonstobeidenAfied.ThefoundaAonsareshownintables4,and5.

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Table4PhilanthropicOrganisaAonCaseStudyProfiles-Jordan

RefFoundaDon/PhilanthropicOrganisaDon

OrganisaDonmodel

Structure:ImplemenDng/Fundraising/GrantmakingOrganisaDon

FoundedBy FundedbyFocusAreas

YearsofoperaDon

J1

AbdulHameedShomanFoundaAon(AHSF)

BankCSRImplemenAng/GrantmakingOrganisaAon

ArabBank ArabBank General 41

J2GeneraAonsForPeace

NGOFundraising/ImplemenAngOrganisaAon

HRHPrinceFeisalAlHusseinofJordan

Partners/Donors/Grants

Youth 12

J3Ruwwad,Jordan

NGOImplemenAng/CommunityAssociaAon

FadiGhandour

FadiGhandour/Partners

Community 14

J4/P6

KhutwaHQSFFoundaAonOperaAnginPalesAne

ImplemenAng/Advocacy

OrganisaAon

HaniQaddumiFamily

FoundaAon

QaddumiFamily

EducaAon 19

J5ZainTelecom(CSR/CER)

TelecomCSRImplemenAngOrganisaAon

ZainTelecomZain

TelecomGeneral 15

J6CrownPrinceFoundaAon

FoundaAonImplemenAngOrganisaAon

HisRoyalHighness

CrownPrinceAlHusseinbinAbdullahII

Partners/Donors

Youth 1

J7EliaNuqulFoundaAon(ENF)

FoundaAonImplemenAngOrganisaAon

EliaNuqulFamily

EliaNuqulFamily

Youth 11

FD270919 12

Table5PhilanthropicOrganisaAonCaseStudyProfiles-PalesAne

Ofthetwelveinterviews,sevenwereconductedwiththeCEOs,threewithCEOsandseniormanagement

teammembers;andonewiththeCEOandmanagementteam,wheretwobeneficiarieshadalsobeen

invitedtoahend,andonewiththefounder.SinceourformalconsentprotocolrelatedonlytofoundaAon

representaAves,oralconsentforthebeneficiaries’parAcipaAonwasobtainedandanonymityguaranteed,

bothpersonallyandorganisaAonally.InterviewswereorganisedasamixofconversaAonalandstructured

exchanges,withschedulesnotsharedbeforehand,andnotestakenbyhand.Recordingsweremadeif

permissionwasaskedandgrantedatthebeginningoftheinterview,withconfirmaAonthatwhen

permissionwasgranted,therecordingswerefortheresearcher’ssoleuse,andsolelyforthepurposeof

revisiAngtheinterviewifandwhenneededduringnotetaking.ThisrequireddeleAonoftherecordings

immediatelyfollowingtheinterviewsineverycase.Notesweretranscribedforanalysisbytheinterviewer,

withallmaterialskeptonasecurelaptop.Theavailabilityofpublishedmaterials,suchasannualreports,

variedconsiderably(incontrasttothepilot)soreviewofthecontentofthesewasnotincludedinthat

analysis.

FoundaDon/PhilanthropicOrganisaDon

OrganisaDonmodel

Structure-ImplemenDng/Fundraising/GrantmakingOrganisaDon

FoundedBy Fundedby FocusAreasYearsofoperaDo

n

P1DaliaAssociaAon

CommunityFoundaAon

Grantmaking/Advocacy LocalCommunity

Donors/Grants

Community 12

P2A.M.QahanFoundaAon(AMQF)

LocalfoundaAon,

separatefrom‘parent

foundaAon’,registeredinUK

Grantmaking/Sponsorships/ImplemenAngOrganisaAon

QahanFamily

QahanFamily

General(ArtsandCulture)

26

P3 Taawon NGO

Grantmaking/Fundraising/RegranAng/ImplemenAng

PalesAnianDiaspora Donors General 36

P4

PalesAneforDevelopmentFoundaAon(PsDF)

NotforprofitOrganisaAonCSR(company)

Grantmaking

PalesAneInvestmentFund(asasubsidiary)

PalesAneInvestmentFundCSR

Community 5

P5Ruwwad,PalesAne

NGOImplemenAng/

CommunityAssociaAon CommunityFadi

Ghandour(founder)

Community 8

J4/P6

KhutwaHQSFFoundaAonregisteredin

Jordan

ImplemenAng/AdvocacyOrganisaAon

HaniQaddumiFamily

FoundaAon

QaddumiFamily

EducaAon 19

FD270919 13

Whiletheinterviewswereconductedandtranscribedbyoneindividual,theanalysiswasundertakenbythe

twoofuscollecAvely,firstworkingindependentlyfromtranscriptsandthensharingandagreeing

collecAvely.WefollowedBraunandClarke’sphasesofanalysis(ibid,60-68),beginningwithdata

familiarisaAon,readingandre-readingtranscripts;developinginiAalcodes(idenAfyinginteresAngfeatures

ofthedataandbringingtogetherdatarelevanttoeachcode),searchingforthemes(collaAngthecodes

intopossiblethemes,andbringingtogetherallthedatarelevanttoeachthemeproposed),reviewingthe

themes(whetherthesethemestoldsomethingusefulaboutthedatasetandtheresearchquesAons,and

werecoherent);andnamingthethemes,asthebasisforreporAngresearchfindings.(Examplesare

includedintheMainReport).

WefoundtheshilfromcodestothemescomplexandAme-consuming,becauseoftheamountofdataon

keyaspectsofknowledgesharingthattheinterviewshadgenerated,andourinterestinwhatwesawasthe

revealingnatureoftheminuAaeofthedata.GivenourresearchobjecAvetoreportourrespondents’

“voices”,aspreviouslyunresearchedinsAtuAonsinunderstandingfoundaAons’knowledgesharing

development,thereducAonfromcodestothemesfoundusiniAallytryingtoincorporate‘everything’.We

finallydevelopedaseriesoffinalthemes,eachwithsubthemes,discussedintheanalysissecAon.

Findings(i):VisualisationsfortheKnowledgeandLearningFlowsinParticipatingOrganisationsandOrganisationalProfiles;andVisualisationExamples

ForeachfoundaAoncase,visualisaAonoftheoveralldirecAonofknowledgeandlearningflows,asderived

fromtheinterviewtranscripts,wasdeveloped,usingtheoverallmodelframeworkdepictedinfigure1.To

eachofthese,abriefdescripAveprofile,drawnfromtheinterviews,toprovidethecontextforthe

parAcularvisualisaAondepicted.

InthissecAon,fourexamplesarepresented,twoeachfromJordanandPalesAne(WestBank).Alltwelveare

providedintheMainreport.

FD270919 14

OrganisaAoncharacterisAcsandknowledgeandlearningflows:Example1AbdulHameedShoman

FoundaAon(AHSF),Jordan

Table6AbdulHameedShomanFoundaAon(AHSF)DataSummary

Figure2KnowledgeSharingandLearningFlows-AbdulHameedShomanFoundaAon(AHSF)

Name AbdulHameedShomanFoundaAon(AHSF)

OrganisaAonModel BankCSR

Structure:ImplemenAng/Fundraising/GrantmakingOrganisaAon

ImplemenAng/GrantmakingOrganisaAon

FoundedBy ArabBank

Fundedby ArabBank

FocusAreas Culture,ScienAficresearch,InnovaAon

YearsofoperaAon 41

Country Jordan

Comments(ifany) None

Website www.shoman.org

AnnualReport: 2017(ArabBank)hhps://www.arabbank.com/docs/default-source/annual-reports/arab-bank-annual-report-2017(accessed19June2019)

MostrecentannualoperaAonalfunding:

(2017)7.5millioneuros(esAmatebasedon2019exchangerate)

ResearchInterview: CEOandSeniorManagementTeam

Permissions: TheorganisaAon’snamemaybeusedforthepurposeofthisresearch.

FD270919 15

OrganisaAoncharacterisAcsandknowledgeandlearningflows:Example2CrownPrinceFoundaAon,Jordan

Table7CrownPrinceFoundaAonDataSummary

Figure3KnowledgeSharingandLearningFlows-CrownPrinceFoundaAon

Name CrownPrinceFoundaAon

OrganisaAonModel FoundaAon

Structure:ImplemenAng/Fundraising/GrantmakingOrganisaAon ImplemenAngOrganisaAon

FoundedBy HisRoyalHighnessCrownPrinceAlHusseinbinAbdullahII

Fundedby Partners/Donors

FocusAreas Youth

YearsofoperaAon Lessthanoneyear

Country Jordan

Comments(ifany) None

Website www.cpf.jo

AnnualReport: NotAvailable

MostrecentannualoperaAonalfunding:

NotAvailable

ResearchInterview: CEO

Permissions: TheorganisaAon’snamemaybeusedforthepurposeofthisresearch.

FD270919 16

OrganisaAoncharacterisAcsandknowledgeandlearningflows:Example3A.M.QahanFoundaAon,

PalesAne

Table8A.M.QahanFoundaAon(AMQF)DataSummary

Figure4KnowledgeSharingandLearningFlows-A.M.QahanFoundaAon(AMQF)

Name A.M.QahanFoundaAon(AMQF)

OrganisaAonModel LocalfoundaAon,separatefrom‘parentfoundaAon’,registeredinUK

Structure:ImplemenAng/Fundraising/GrantmakingOrganisaAon

Grantmaking/Sponsorships/ImplemenAngOrganisaAon

FoundedBy QahanFamily

Fundedby QahanFamily

FocusAreas General(ArtsandCulture)

YearsofoperaAon 26

Country UK(PalesAne)

Comments(ifany) ParentorganisaAonregisteredinUK,witharegisteredbranchinPalesAneasanon-profitorganisaAonoperaAngindependentlyoftheUKregistraAon

Website qahanfoundaAon.org

AnnualReport: hhp://qahanfoundaAon.org/en/qahan/resources/annual-reports

MostrecentannualoperaAonalfunding:

2016-2017GBP9Million(approximate)

ResearchInterview: DG

Permissions: TheorganisaAon’snamemaybeusedforthepurposeofthisresearch.

FD270919 17

OrganisaAoncharacterisAcsandknowledgeandlearningflows:Example4Taawon,PalesAne

Table9TaawonDataSummary

Figure5KnowledgeSharingandLearningFlows-Taawon

Name Taawon

OrganisaAonModel NGO

Structure:ImplemenAng/Fundraising/GrantmakingOrganisaAon

Grantmaking/Fundraising/RegranAng/ImplemenAng

FoundedBy PalesAnianDiaspora

Fundedby Donors,professionalsandintellectuals

FocusAreas EducaAon,CommunityDevelopment,OrphanCare,OldCiAesRehabilitaAon,Culture,YouthandWomenEmpowerment,andthePalesAnianMuseum.

YearsofoperaAon 36

Country PalesAneandPalesAnianRefugeecampsinLebanon

Comments(ifany) None

Website www.taawon.org

AnnualReport: hhps://www.taawon.org/en/publicaAons/en-annual-reports

MostrecentannualoperaAonalfunding:

2018USD53Million

ResearchInterview: CEO,ManagementTeam,TwoBeneficiaries

Permissions: TheorganisaAon’snamemaybeusedforthepurposeofthisresearch.

FD270919 18

Findings(ii):TheNarrativeCaseAccounts:Examples

ForeachfoundaAoncase,narraAvecaseaccountsweredeveloped,fromtheinterviewtranscriptsandtheir

contentsconfirmedineachcasebeforepublicaAon.InthissecAon,twoexamplesarepresented,oneeach

fromJordanandfromPalesAne(WestBank).AlltwelvecasenarraAvesareprovidedintheMainreport.

Example1AbdulHameedShomanFoundaAon(AHSF)

TheFoundaAonis41yearsold,uniqueinthisregion,setupbytheArabBankandnamedalertheoriginalfounderoftheArabBank;havinganannualincomefromtheArabBank,(3%oftheirannualprofits,plusitsownendowment.Anon-profitFoundaAonthathas“noexternalinfluence.Wedonotneedfundraising.”

AHSFemphasisesitsconsiderableinternallearningexperience,giventhat41yearsago“everythingwasself-learned”;andhavingnow“gatheredandinheritedalotofwisdomandwithit,aninternalknowledgelearningprocess.”Assessingthat“internallearningisingrainedinourculture”,theFoundaAonseesitsinnovaAonsashavingneverbeenrelianton“thewestandwesternresearch”whichitdoesnotconsiderrelevantorapplicabletoJordan.But,forexample,(AHSF)willlookatinternaAonalmodelsandthen“createourownmodeltosuitourowncountry”.TheFoundaAonemphasisesitscareor“strictness”inadheringtoandimplemenAngitsoverallmission,foundonitswebsite,whilereflecAng“ourowncultureandcontext”;andconcludesthat“attheendoftheday,wehavetocreateourownmethod”.Thatmethodtakesaccountofthecountry’sconAnuingchange,creaAngawarenessof“alwaysimproving”intheFoundaAon,since“wecannotaffordtobestagnant,holdingontoourolderways”.Accompanyingthatinternalsenseofchange,theFoundaAondoesnevertheless“someAmes,pauseandtakereflecAonAme“foraprojectorprogramme”.ItwasnotunusualfortheFoundaAontopauseforayearandthenreturntoaproject,withanexampleofaprojectpausedforoneyear,duringwhichAmestafftrainingwasundertaken.Theboard’ssenseofcareextendstoitsapproachtoduediligenceinitsgrantmaking–“ourdiligenceisverystrict.WehaveournetworkandaskaboutorganisaAonsandindividualsthroughournetwork”.ItisalsoawarethatitsownbehaviourandpracAceisalwaysin“thespotlight”.TheFoundaAonisemphaActhat“WedonotfundanythingtodowithreligionorpoliAcsoranyorganisaAonwhereweperceiveabias,aprejudice.”TheShomanLibraryisseenasoneofitsmostsuccessfulandpowerfullong-termprojects,togetherwithitsyounginnovaAonlabforyoungsocialentrepreneurs.Theformer,anowwell-established“beauAfullibraryinoneofthemostunderprivilegedareasofAmman“isopentoeveryone,organisesworkshopsoncreaAvetopics(“TodaywehavecreaAvewriAngworkshop”);andlinksintootherrelatedacAviAes,suchasfilmscreenings,weeklydiscussionforums,winterandsummeryouthcamps,andyouthentrepreneurialtraining.TheopenaccessfromtheLibraryprovides,alongwithotherprojects,astrongcapacityforinteracAonwiththeFoundaAon’sbeneficiaries;forexample,gaugingtheirandnotablyyouthsaAsfacAonthroughtheweeklyforumsandyearlysurveys(fromthelaher,forexample,extendedthelibraryopeninghours,openedacoffeeshopinsidethelibrary,purchasedmorebooksthataddressescurrentknowledgeneedsincludingeBooksandaudiobooks)whilecreaAngtheLibraryasacommunityandfamilyculturalandknowledgehub.Inrecognizingthatthebeneficiariesare“allstakeholders”,theFoundaAongoesbeyondlargelyinformalrecogniAonbybeneficiaryinclusioninitsstakeholder-focusedboard.Again,thelearningachievedwithandfrombeneficiaries–“learningisessenAalforus!Thisishowweoperate”–isforinternalpurposes,topropeltheFoundaAonas“alwaysimproving”.Similarly,theboard,splitintocommiheesthatincludestakeholders,reporttoamainboard,shows“engagementinlearning”and“wanttobeinformed”.TheFoundaAondisAnguishesbetweencontactandcollaboraAonwithgovernmentsandotherfoundaAons,forexampleinworkshopsorconferences;andsharingtheirknowledgeexternally,albeitwithsomeregionalinvolvement.Nevertheless,theirresponsivenesstorequestsforadviceandsupport–“afewFoundaAons(fromSudan,UAEandPalesAne)haveapproachedusandaskedthatweguidethemonhowtoruntheFoundaAon.Wetrainedthemforfree”-indicatedtheirimportant,reacAveroleinexternallearningandknowledgeexchange.

FD270919 19

Example2DaliaAssociaAon,PalesAne

ThecomplexiAes,opportuniAesanddisappointmentswhichcharacterisecivilsocietyexperiencesinPalesAneareevidentinthepressuresandprogresspresentedbyDaliaAssociaDon.BeginningoperaAonsin2007,onthecommunityfoundaAonmodelofmulApledonorsfundingmulApleprojectsthatreflectcommunityneedsbutarearAculatedandidenAfiedbythosecommuniAes,DaliahasweatheredcriAcalperiods.WiththeOsloAccords,andfundings’arrival,forexample,with“eachwan3ngtheothertosortthingsout”,externaldonors’agendasdominated,and“donorstolduswhattodo,whatourneedswereandhowweweretodoit.”IncriAcalcontrast,Dalia,whileitselfagrant-maker,isacommunitymobiliser,whereitsgrantmakingisembeddedinandarisesfromcommunityempowermentprocesses.

FromitsiniAaluseofcommunicaAonsexpertsto‘spreadtheword’,Daliaisfullyengagedincommunityoutreach,anddialogue.Thatdialogueisnoteasy.CommuniAesapproachingDaliathatare‘aid-dependent’approach,areiniAallydeflatedwhen“theyrealisethatwearenotjustgoingtogivethemmoney”butrecognisealerdialoguethat“thecommunityshouldbedoingthingstheirownway”.Moreover,theyadmitthe(topdown)aid(modelof)funding“didnotmakemuchchange.”Dalia’smethodistoenablecommuniAestoworkandlearnthemselves,starAngwithoneacAvityandgoingontobuildotherswiththecommunity.CommunicaAonsremainskey,usingPalesAne’swell-supportedinternet,holdingevents,andconveningmeeAngs,toensurethat“Onlythecommunitycanchoosehowtospendmoney,whattodevelop,anddecidewheretomakegrants.”

Thatlevelandextentofoutreachhowevermakesheavydemands,needingtobelongtermandoverAme,aswellasopennessonDalia’spart.“Weseewhatemerges….wehavenoideawhattheywillcomeupwith”(forexample,drugproblems,wastemanagementornotbeingabletomanagetheirliveanimals.)Staff,too,needcommunityvisibility,notleasttoensurethatcommunityleadersarenotinfacttakingadvantageoftheircommuniAes.Forpeoplewhohaveseenaproblemandmobilisedagroup,Daliawill“workwiththem,investinthem,supportthem.“Oneexamplehasbeenagrantforawoman,whohadalreadysetupawomen’sgroup,foundanabandonedmobilehome“leJbehindbyanNGOwhocameandwent”,andproposedtocreateamobilekitchen..

WhilePalesAnehas“somanydonoravenues”,Dalia“doesnotacceptpoli3calorreligiousmoney”,andisconAnuallyseekingsustainableincomesourcesforitsmissioncoveringthewholeofPalesAne.ItsBoard,whichdecideswherefundsaretobedistributedandapprovepolicies,areadvisoryonlyandnotformallyinvolvedinfundingorfundraising.WithmanyofitsoutreachandacAviAesrunwithvolunteerstherefore,DaliafacesthatfamiliarfeatureincivilsocietyorganisaAons,“alwaysworryingaboutoverheads”.PartofthatdiversificaAonistobringinincomefromlesswealthydonors,needingtoshowthat“regularpeoplecanmakeadifference.“DespitewanAng“bigmoney”,localpeople’sinvolvementandmobilisaAon“makesforbeMercommuni3es”ThisisaperspecAvethatyoungerpeopleratherthanolderpeople“get”,although“theydonothavethemoneytogiveus”,butrathertovolunteer.

DaliathusvaluesdonorsfromabroadandthereismuchexternaldonorahracAontotheirclosenessandunderstandingofcommuniAes,asthereisgloballyforthecommunityfoundaAonoperaAngmodel.embeddedincommuniAes.Itisparadoxicalthoughthatanumberofsuchdonors’percepAonsandenthusiasmsarenotmatchedbyanequivalentunderstandingoftheimplicaAonsofthatmethodandsetofvalues.Daliafindsthatsuchdonorswant‘acommunityprojectfirst’andthentodecidewhetherornottofund;neitherwishingtofundtheprocessesbywhichitwasarrivedat;norseeingstrongcommuniAesincivilsocietyasitselfaneed.Atbestsuchdonors“findithardtodelegatefundingtothecommunity”;withitsparallelwheresomecommuniAesalsoarefocussedon‘whatdonorswant‘ratherthanonwhatcommuniAesneed.Nevertheless,Dalianowhasitsfirstlongtermpartner-donors,fromSwitzerland.Whiletheyneedmore,thismulA-yearsupportwillenabletheessenAalfocusonprojectwork.

AspartoftheglobalfoundaAonmovement,Daliaaremembersofglobalnetworks,wheresomeareacAveandsupporAve.However,locallytherearenonetworksthroughwhichDalia’slearningandmethodscanbeshared;asituaAoncompoundedbydifficulAesaccessingyoungpeople’sideasandfeedbackthroughoutPalesAne,withtravelrestricAonsbetweentheWestBankandGaza.Largernetworks,inwhichtoshareandlearnfromfoundaAonswouldbewelcome,butregionallythesearealsoascostlyandwithanuncertainvalue.Dalia’sownthoughtsarethemselvestosetupalearningcircleforfoundaAons.

FD270919 20

TheThematicAnalysisofFindings

ThemaAcanalysisentailediniAalcodingofthemesandcodingdefiniAonsdrawnfromthecaseinterview

transcripts,movingtoafinalsetofninemajorthemes,withassociatedsub-themes.Thesearesetoutin

Table6.

Table9MajorThemesIdenAfiedThroughThemaAcAnalysis

THEME Subthemes Subthemes Subthemes Subthemes Subthemes Subthemes

1-StrongsenseofidenDtyandpurpose

NaAonal/internaAonallegiAmacy

Confidencetochange(programmes,focus)

DemonstraAngphilanthropyleadership

Formalknowledgemanagementprocesses

Respondingtoneedsprovidesalearningburden

CollaboraAonequatedwithleadership

2-IntricaterelaDonswithdonors

DonorresponsivenesstocomplexneedsandrolesinreviewandevaluaAon

LimitaAonsindonorunderstandingofnaAonal&communiAes’needs;

CriAcalpercepAonsof‘foreignaid’andexternalfundingmodelsandexpectaAons

Donorsthereforthe‘longterm’

Donorsdonottalktooneanother

Refusingdonorssteppingoverreligious/poliAcalredlines

3-SelecDvity/careinpartnerships

Leverageofresourcesthroughpartnership

CreaAngalliesandpartnersisveryimportant

ExclusionofovertreligiousandpoliAcalsupport/idenAficaAon

PoliAcalandreligiousmoneyisnotacceptable

Wemustsupporteverysectorofthecommunity-Allreligionsareourheritage

Networkwelcome

4-Governancechallenges

WanAngtoreporttoeveryone

ExternalfoundaAonpartnership(UK)todemonstratenewformsofscruAny

Duediligenceanewdiscussion

AddressingthegenderchallengewithinaconservaAveculture

5-Prominenceofself-directedandinformallearning

GatheringandinheriAngaccumulatedwisdom

KnowledgeretenAonandvolunteerretenAonequated

Weguideotherswhenasked

Internallearningculturallyingrained

Respondingtoneedsprovidesalearningburden

Pro-acAveknowledgeseekingfromselectedcountries(Finland,Norway)

6-Beyondgrantmaking

DirectoperaAonsandprovision

GivingthroughMicrofinanceorthroughanimplemenAngpartner,notgrants

Shilingfromgrantmakingbecausenothinglelbehind

Beneficiariescomingfromperceivedchallengedbackgrounds;needtolearnmoreabouttheirexperiences

AwarenessoflimitaAons.Tryingandfailingatmanythings.

Futurechallengeofexitstrategy

FD270919 21

Infurtherreviewingthesethemes,weposiAonedthemintothreeoverarchingthemaAccategories,as

shownintable7.

Table10PosiAoningtheThemeswithinOverarchingThemaAcCategories

7-TenacityincommunityengagementandparDcipaDon

CommuniAes’selforganisingandlearning

Listeningwithoutjudgment.InsAtuAonalisinglisteninganddialogue

Finding/empowering(young)communityleadership-DialoguecriAcalbyaswellaswithyouth

programmedesignsguidedbybeneficiaries,andthelearningonthatlevelisverystrong.

CommunityexhausAon-losingyoungpeopleabroad

Stayingwithcommunitybeneficiaries–nothingisshortterm

8-Importanceofthelongterm

Nohitandrunprogrammes/projects

EvaluaAonalerfiveyears

Community,nottheorganisaAon,idenAfiesandassessesKPIs

PaAencewithsocialinvestments

9-Absenceofexternalknowledgesharing

Notinvitedtoshareknowledgeexternally

Doandwanttoshare(externally)butdonotdosoformally

StagnaAonincultureofphilanthropy,despiteconferencefacilitaAonetc

Lackoflocalnetworksthroughwhichtosharemethodsandlearning

Trustissues(withNGos,partners,foreignNGOsanddonors….

OverarchingthemaAccategories Theninethemes

InsAtuAonalIdenAtyandinternalknowledgeand

learningflows

1-StrongsenseofidenAtyandpurpose

2-IntricaterelaAonswithdonors

3-SelecAvity/careinpartnerships

4-Governancechallenges

5-Prominenceofself-directedandinformallearning

InsAtuAonal-Stakeholderknowledgeandlearningflows

6-Beyondgrantmaking

7-TenacityincommunityengagementandparAcipaAon

8-importanceofthelongterm

InsAtuAonal-Externalknowledgeandlearningflows 9-Absenceofexternalknowledgesharing

FD270919 22

Figure6PosiAoningtheThemes

FD270919 23

Figure7VisualisingtheThemeswithSubThemes

FD270919 24

InthemaDccategory1,’Ins3tu3onalIden3tyandinternalknowledgeandlearningflows’

findingsindicatedfoundaAons’strongsenseofidenAty,aspartofnaAon-sustaining;asprogrammes

becametheidenAtyoftheorganizaAonandnaAonallegiAmacywasasserted.Theyouthdevelopmentroles

gavethefoundaAonsacAvistpersonas,butwithvariousmeansoffulfillingthatacAvism,fromgap

filling’(e.ghealthprovision)andlandmarkprojects(e.g.majorlibraryprovision)toconAnuousembedded

programmes(e.g.highereducaAonscholarships,linkedtocommunityvolunteering.)Advocacywasimplicit

ratherthanexplicit–“wedonotcreatepressreleases”.

CasenarraAvesdocumentedfoundaAons’confidenceinthepurposesandprogressoftheirwork,including

willingnesstore-directworkorstartagain,with‘insAllingconfidence’inturnacorepartoftheyouth-

focusedprogrammes.Furtherconfidencegrewfromdonors’willingnesstobethereforthelongterm.

HoweverdonorrelaAonswereintricate,denselywoven,withmanydonorswillingtoenterandmeet

regularlywithbeneficiarycommuniAes;inremarkedcontrasttoforeigndonors,wanAngintermediarieson

thegroundtoensurelocalcontact.(WhereinternaAonaldonorsjoinedalocalproject,theytendednotto

interactwitheachotherbutcontributedindependently).

Community-basedandcommunity-leddecision-makingprovidedgovernancechallenges.Therealityforone

foundaAonofopening-uptocommuniAesplacedpressuresonresources,whereproblemswere

highlighted–“wecannotsaynotoyouth”.ItfurtheremphasizedthedisappointmentsandfrustraAonsof

foreigndonors’andforeignNGOs’approach:“parachu3nginwithquickfixesisnotourskill.Notwhatwe

need.”

Nevertheless,foundaAonsstressedtheextentoftheirduediligenceamongpotenAaldonors;withuniform,

emphaAcstressonrefusingdonorswho“crossredlinesonreligionorpoli3cs”,ontheexcepAonal

importanceofequitabletreatmentofandsensiAvitytowardsallfaiths,(aspartofbothcountries’naAonal

heritage)andindecliningtooto“fundanythingtodowithreligionorpoli3csoranyorganisa3onwherewe

perceiveabias,aprejudice.“.Alongsidetheissueofsocietalbiasagainstyoungpeoplewasthatofgender

bias,withwidespreadacknowledgementofwomen’srolesinentrepreneurshipandthedifficulAesthis

posedwheremeninsomecommuniAeswereunsupporAve.(AlongsidemaleprominenceinfoundaAons’

donorbases,themajorityofCEOsinterviewedwerewomen.)

InternalandoleninformalorganisaAonallearningandknowledgesharingfoundwithineachofthe

foundaAonswasveryevident.Whereprogrammedesignwasinfluencedbybeneficiaries,“thelearningon

thatlevelisverystrong”.WhilefoundaAonsalsosoughtandobservednewknowledgefromphilanthropy

elsewhere,amarkedpropensitytoself-challenge,basedontheiraccumulatedinternallearningwasfound.

“Wehavebeenaround35years.Westartanyprojectbylookingatourselves”.AtthesameAme,thegrowth

inthevolumeandextentofcommunicaAonsbetweenfoundaAonsandyoungpeople,especiallyyoung

entrepreneurswascreaAng“alearningburden”towhichfoundaAonshadtorespond.

InthemaDccategory2,’Ins3tu3on-StakeholderLearning’,findingsemphasisedthemajorextenttowhich

beneficiarieswerefullystakeholdersinthefoundaAons’work;with‘learningwithstakeholders’dominaAng

everysinglecasevisualisaAon;andpredominantlyastwo-wayoccurrences.LimiteddirectcontribuAons

FD270919 25

frombeneficiariesstressedfoundaAons’respecnulrelaAonswiththem,withlinkagetotheirreported

personalpreferencesforsupportfromnaAonally-basedorganisaAons,ratherthanfromthosethatwere

foreign-based.

Movement‘beyondgrantmaking’,todirectprogrammeoperaAonandprovisionwasbasedlargelyon

internallearningwheregrantmaking-onlyapproacheshadlelevidenceofminimalnoAceablechangeand

createdopportuniAesforbeneficiaryand,overthelongerterm,“programmealumni”inputs.Nevertheless,

suchstakeholdersalsoreportedwishingthatparAcularprojecthadgonefurther.Inthecaseofan

entrepreneurship-focusedprojectforexample,foronebeneficiary“thisgivesusarealpartnership.But

also,Iwishthishadgonealltheway-andnotjustanaccelerator.”

FoundaAons’pracAceexemplifiedtheimportanceofnotdis-engagingfromcommuniAesandalready-

disadvantagedgroups;oncesupported,noAngthatswilincominganddeparturebyfoundaAons(‘hitand

run’philanthropy)couldbedoublydamaging.HerethecomplexiAesofthesefoundaAons’rolesinahaining

theiryouthempowermentgoalsinestrangedordecliningcommuniAes,wheniniAaltop-down

intervenAonswouldberequiredwasveryevident.Whetherascommunity‘mobilisers’or‘champions’,both

rolesrequiredfoundaAons’paAencewiththeirsocialinvestments’producAveness.FoundaAons’senseof

realismand‘stayingon’,assomecommuniAeswereexhaustedratherthanenergised,andwerelosing

youngpeopleabroad,wasrecorded.ForonefoundaAonthiswaspartoftheinevitablepricetobepaidfor

workinginyouthdevelopment.

InthemaDccategorythree.‘Ins3tu3on-ExternalLearning’,thefindingoftheabsenceofexternal

knowledgesharing’byfoundaAonswasstriking.TheindividualcasevisualisaAonsofknowledgeand

learningflowsshowedthisastheverylargely‘emptybox’,despitetheextensiveandaccumulatedlearning

overAmewithinthesefoundaAons,.Explanatoryfactorsincludedthephilanthropyclimate,thedemanding

natureofeachfoundaAons’programmesandeffortsthatabsorbedAmeandenergyfortheirown

programmes’improvement,andlackoflocalorregionalsharingroutes.Themostcommonlyreported

accountsforthisabsenceofexternalknowledgesharingwashoweverthatfoundaAonssimplylacked

invitaAonstosharetheirknowledge.OnefoundaAonrespondentmadethisveryplain:“WhyIdonotshare

mylearning.Nobodyasksme.Peoplelookatusaspartoftheproblem.Theyareimplemen3nginSouth

Americaandthentryandimplementhere.”

Alongsideaconcernthatsomewould-belearners(e.gincoming,foreignaid-fundedfoundaAonsand

similarinsAtuAons)wereunwillingtovaluethelikelylearningandknowledgeheldbythein-country

foundaAons,dismissiveofthem,or,worse,lackedknowledgeoftheirexistence,wasasenseof

disappointment,sincesomuchinternalknowledgewasaccumulaAngandaffecAngtheirpracAce-“Next

year,wewilllearnnewthingsandwewillhavenewinforma3ontoworkonthefollowingyear”.

Althoughideasforexternalsharinghadappeared,suchasalearningcircleforfunders,theyhadnot(ornot

yet)beenactedupon.Amongthoseforwhomsuchnetworkswouldbewelcome,significant(i.e.limiAng)

FD270919 26

trustissues(amongfoundaAons,NGOsandforeigndonors,amongstothers)existed.Expressionsof

frustraAon–“Wearenotworkingtogetherasweshould.Wehaveaconspiracytheorymentalitywhich

makesithardertoshareknowledge”-reflectedlongertermconcerns,suchastheriskofossificaAonor

stagnaAonoffoundaAonpracAcesandtheevidencethattheregionalorlocalphilanthropywas“not

mature”.

AtthesameAme,themajorityoffoundaAonsdeclaredtheirgeneralopennesstosharing,andtodosoin

waysmorepro-acAvethanjust“aMendingotherpeople’sconferences.SomeindividualfoundaAons

indicatedtheirwillingnesstotakeupwhattheysawastheknowledgesharingchallengewhichtheresearch

itselfhadposed–“Ifthisresearchcanbeacatalystforagatheringaroundtheregion,let’sdoit.Leavethe

followuptous-wewilldowhat’sneededtoremainconnected”.Asimportantwastheneedforvisibility:

“Thereisaneedtostandupandlistentooneanother.

DiscussionoftheFindings

Thesebeganbyexploringwhethertheextensivebutinternalknowledgesharingandlearningreported

wasboundintrinsicallytosensesofnaAonalidenAty(evennaAonalsurvival),andwhollyproducedby

naAonalcontexts;orthiswasanunusualdevelopment,thatcontrastsstronglywith,forexample,European

foundaAons,wherealignmentwithnaAonalidenAtyismostolenabsent.

Itwasimportanttorecognisethatthedepthofunfavourablecontrastsbetween‘homebased/longterm’

commihedfoundaAons’understandingoftheirworkingenvironmentsandthoseofforeign–basedand

internaAonalfoundaAonsandNGOsinyouthdevelopmentwerenotnew.Paradoxicallybeneficiaries’

reportedsensesofsecurity,saAsfacAonandpreferenceforworkingwithnaAonallyandcommunity-based

organisaAonsratherthanwithforeign-baseddonors,mayitselfbefeedingIntothelaher

organisaAons’(presumed)difficulAesinunderstandingthenaAonalfieldsweretheyareorareseekingto

work.

TheprofoundsenseofaccumulaAngandmakinggooduseofinternallearning,supportedbycase

visualisaAons,wasexpressedacrossfoundaAonsregardlessofage.TheresulAngdriveforconAnual

improvementmayalsobeseenasanelementthedrivetodoone’sbestforone’scountry.Thoughthe

depthandbreadthofthedrivetoself-learning,wasimpressive,itwasdifficulttoavoidenArelythesenseof

foundaAons’doingsobecauseofisolaAoninthefield,ofloneliness,ascommunity-orientedpioneers,so

makingstrongthelinkbetweenself-learningandself-worth.(OnlyoneofallthefoundaAonsstudied

reportedsystemaAsaAonofthelearningandknowledgeacquisiAon,throughaknowledgemanagement

department;themajorityofcaseswerereliantoninformalsharing,someofwhichmightbeintermihent,

relatedtoparAcularprojects’developmentmilestones,orfragileondepartureofkeypersonnel.)

FD270919 27

TheconcentraAonofefforttoexchangeknowledgewithintheindividualparametersofeachofthe

foundaAons’workappearedakeyelementintheconfidencethatthesefoundaAonsexpressed.Itenabled

recogniAonoffailuresaswellassuccesses.CriAquesoffoundaAons’confidenceturningtoarrogance,found

inthephilanthropyandcivilsocietyliteratures,werenotsupportedinthisresearch,whichrather,recorded

aclearsenseofphilanthropy,virtuallytailor-madefororself-designedbythecommuniAes,rootedin

humilityaswellassomedegreesofangerabouttop-downstylesofdonorship,anditsinappropriateness

especiallyforyouthdevelopment.

Findingsconcerningthelackofexternalknowledge-sharingbecauseofthelackofinvitaAonssotodo,

appearedtotheresearchersalmostshockinginitsstraighnorwardness.‘WaiAngtobeasked’andself-

effacementdonotappearonthefaceofthingstobenotedtraitsofphilanthropicfoundaAons.Thismay

havebeenafuncAonofphilanthropicisolaAonthathaspropelledself-learningtoparAculardepths.A

furtherparadoxicalpossibilitywasthatcasefoundaAons’verytenacityinsustainingdeepcontactwiththeir

beneficiarycommuniAeswaseitherseenastoodaunAngtoexternaldonors;oraninappropriatemodelfor

theirownplans,sothatassociatedknowledgesharingandlearningwasnotsoughtornotvalued.

Uncertaintyaboutorabsenceofknowledgesharingnetworkslocallyorregionally,aswellasbroad

commentsconcerningtheneedfortrustwerecitedincaseinterviews.However,thequesAonremainsas

towhyincomingforeigndonorsandorforeignNGOs,aswellasdonorgovernmentsworkingorseekingto

workinJordanand/orPalesAnedonotmakethoseinvitaAons.

InstudyingphilanthropicfoundaAonsintwoMuslim-majoritycountries,bothintheglobalpublicpolicy

spotlight,theresearchershadexpectedthoughnotformallyhypothesisedthatatleastanumberofthe

caseexampleswouldreflectandacknowledge,informallyifnotformally,aMuslimfaithunderpinning.That

nonedidsodirectly,andthatallwereatpainstoemphasisetheirall-faithsopenness,andtheirgovernance

posiAonsthatscruAnisedandrejectedovertreligiousorpoliAcalovertonesrelaAngtogils,wasstrikingand

isworthyofdiscussion,beyondthisreport.

ThisisnottoignoretheMuslimfaithinspiraAonorbasisoftheindividualandfamilyfoundaAons’founders,

especially,norindividualinterviewees’personalperspecAves,whichwerenotexplored.Nordidthis

responsespeaktoaparAcularsecularorsecularisingagenda,ortoresearchinotherMuslimmajority

countries,wherefaithbasedterminologyisdeemedproblemaAc.BroadlythisfindingreflectsEl

Taraboulsi’swork,discussingthe‘philanthropicspace’,whereMuslimphilanthropyinitsencounterswith

otherphilanthropiccultures,iscentral.Inthisstudy,thesefindingssuggestthecriAcalimportanceof

naAonalidenAtyaspartofthefoundaAons’idenAAes,notover-ridingbutendorsingallthefaithsand

beliefsheldbytheciAzensofJordanandPalesAne.

FD270919 28

LimitationsoftheStudy

Theseincluded:thecaseprofiles’developmentatasinglepointinAmeandplace(Spring2019),with

parAcularpressuresonthefieldworkAmetable,therestricAonofthePalesAne-basedstudytofoundaAons

intheWestBankonly,andtheinabilitytoenhancecaseresearchbyfurthertechniques,suchas

observaAon.Also,thepurposivesamplingapproachintroducingthepossibilityofselecAonbias;thenon-

inclusionofexternal(foreign)foundaAonsfromthestudy;theuseofEnglishininterviews;thelackof

documentaAonavailabilitywithwhichtosupplementthecases(excludingthepilot);aswellasthe

respondentsdrawnlargelyfromseniorfoundaAonmanagersonly.

Ofthese,threewereespeciallyimportant.Thepurposivesamplingchoice,largelyafuncAonofAmeand

resourcepressures,wasmiAgatedtoanextentbythedifferenttypesofphilanthropicorganisaAons

studied,includingconvenAonal,endowedfoundaAons,CSR–ledfoundaAons,as‘arms’ofbusiness

enterprises,andoperaAngfoundaAonschoosingNGOstatus.Thenarrowingofthecasefieldproduced

insightsintoknowledgesharinginahithertoneglectedanduniquedatasetof’homecountry’foundaAons

butmeantthatotherknowledgesharingdisposiAonsinphilanthropywerelelunexamined.Theinability

tosupplementcaseinterviewswithorganisaAons’reports,websitesandotherdocumentaAonmeantthat

datatransparencywasnotconsistentregardingannualreportsandfinancialstatementsacrossthecases.

Thesedataabsencesmayhoweveralsoreflectlocalculturesofphilanthropy,whichdoesnotseekto

proclaimitselfasparAcularlyamaherforpublicahenAon,andifnotfullyanonymous,thenparAallyso.

Suggestionsforthefurtherdevelopmentoftheresearch

ThesefollowedfromthediscussiononlimitaAons.Theyincluded::incorporaAngawhollybeneficiary-led

perspecAve;trackingtheoriginalcasesoverAme,tobeginthebasisoflongitudinalwork;examiningthe

governancechallengesoffoundaAons’externalknowledgesharingbyconcentraAonontheboard

members’(includingdonors’)perspecAves;and/ortheperspecAvesoflessseniorstaffandvolunteers;

undertakingaparallelstudyofforeignfoundaAons’knowledgesharingandlearningexperiences,relaAng

these,orotherwisetothoseinthe‘home’foundaAonsector;andfocusingonmappingandanalysingthe

extentoffoundaAonreporAngdatathatdoesexistintheJordanianandPalesAnianpublicdomains,to

respondthe‘widerstateofdata’quesAonfromanotherdirecAon.

Conclusions

TheseemphasisedthatthestudyofJordanianandPalesAnian-basedfoundaAons’organisaAons’knowledge

sharingandlearningdiscoveredawealthofacAviAesandlearninggrowth;previouslyandlargelyhidden

FD270919 29

fromview.Threeleadingthreadsofevidencewerenoted:thelackofexternalknowledgesharingof

foundaAons’ownknowledge;thedevelopmentofthesefoundaAons’internalreflecAonandimprovement;

andthephilanthropybeingundertakenintheseMuslimmajoritycountries.

ThelackofexternalsharingofthesefoundaAons’ownknowledgepermeatedeverypartofthestudyand

wasanunexpectedfindingoftheresearch.Cyclesoflackoftrusthadoccurred,againandagain,reinforced

bylackofrecogniAonbyexternalbodiesoflocalfoundaAonknowledgegatheringandlearning,aparallelor

consequenAallackoftrustinforeignfoundaAonsandNGOs,andabsenceofprioracademicstudy,noteven

fromlocalacademicinsAtuAons.Inthesecontexts,itwasunderstandablethatJordanianandPalesAnian

FoundaAonswouldchoosetocreatewhattheyvariouslysawastheir“ownmethod”.Whileappearing

isolatedfromexternally-basedfoundaAons,theyhadnotbeensolitary,butpioneering,intheirdepthof

community-basedyouthempowermentwork.

Thisinternally–drivenlearningcontrastswithprominentargumentsintheliterature,advocaAngexternal

knowledge-sharing,astheroutewhichcompelssubsequentinternalreflecAonandlearning.Here,

engagementinexternalnetworksforknowledgesharingandlearningcreatesagoodguideforfoundaAons’

owninternalreflecAon.Amongthesestudiedcases,thecontrarypictureemerged,withfoundaAons’

reflecAonandinternalchangestemminglargelyfromtheexperiencesoftheirrelaAveisolaAon,aswellas

from(one-way)externalsources;drivinginternallearninginnewandconfidentdirecAons.Itfollowsthat

bothleadershipmodelsininternallearning–directedfoundaAons,andtherelaAveprimacyofexternal

learningdriverstoensureinternalorganisaAonreflecAon,assetoutintheliterature,deservefurther

ahenAon,empiricallyandtheoreAcally.

Whentheexternalnetworksareready,suchdetailcouldprovideanewresourceforinternaAonal

foundaAonlearning,notleastforthoseworkingintheMiddleEast.HencetheviewsofforeignfoundaAons

inresponsetoourfindingsarethereforeverymuchneeded.Fornow,itappearsthattrustislacking.

AgainstabackgroundofduediligenceandtransparencydialoguesandtheimperaAvesofcrossborder

givinglegislaAon,externalfoundaAonshaveappearedtokeeptheirdistancefromlocalfoundaAons.

However,thismayarisefromfearoftheunknownonthepartofforeignfoundaAons,especiallyinrelaAon

tothecleardemandsofthenatureoftheyouthdevelopmentworkbeingundertaken,inwhich‘learning

burdens’werealsoarAculated.

FromthefaithperspecAve,theprovisionalconclusionsfromtheresearcharethatthephilanthropystudied

representsaformofonetypeofMuslimphilanthropy,thatis,onewherethespecificsofa‘lead’faith

idenAtyarenotstated;butcannotatthesameAmebesaidtobewhollyabsent.Thusthecaretakenin

emphasisinginclusivenessofsupportforallcommuniAesandheritagebackgrounds,andexamplesof

decliningdonorshipwithovertreligiousassociaAonsappearedasameansofasserAngtheimportanceof

FD270919 30

thenaAonalcommunityornaAonhoodratherthanstandingbackfromreligiousinfluencesonphilanthropy

perse.

ThesedevelopmentssuggestatypeofMuslimphilanthropy,apparentlypreviouslyunrecognisedandun-

researched.ItidenAfiesanewformofanonymityinMuslimPhilanthropy,asakeycharacterisAc.Neither

anonymityinthesenseofbeingdeliberatelyconcealed,ordetachedfromgiving’sresults.itoccurswhere

andwhenthereligiousidenAAesandraAonalesamongdonors,communiAesandbeneficiariesare

recognisedfortheirvalueincontribuAngtothe‘widerormacro’goalsofphilanthropythroughyouth

empowerment,ofnaAonandcommunitybuilding,butarenotarequiredordefiningcharacterisAcofthat

work.DrawingonElTaraboulsi’swork(op.cit.),itissuggestedthataformofMuslimphilanthropymay

occurthroughthreeintersecAnginfluencesources:faith,heritageandanonymity.AlsothatthisholisAc

approachmaybeappliedtotheMuslim-majoritycountriesinthisstudy,wherenaAon-buildingand

communitychangeareall-important.FurtherconsideraAonsofthisaspectofthestudyishoweverare

beyondthescopeofthisreport.

Fromthe‘longlist’ofpossibleresearchdirecAons,prioriAesareindicated.Theyincludeanequivalentstudy

offoreign-basedfoundaAonsinworkinginJordanandPalesAne,todiscovertheirownknowledgesharing

andlearningexperiences,andtheirresponsestothefindingsfromthis‘home’foundaAonsectorstudy;and

mappingandanalysisoftheextentoffoundaAonreporAngdatainJordanianandPalesAnianpublic

domains.

‘NextSteps’

Ourownlearningfromthisstudymakesclearthatanysuchnextstepsarebebestdevelopedbyand

facilitatedfromwithintheacAvefoundaAonlandscapethatwasfound.Thesestepswouldbesustainable

onlyiftheorganisaAonsandactorsinthatlandscapeleadanagendathatcreatesvaluethroughknowledge

sharing,contributestoknowledgebuildingandacAng,andsupportsdoingthingsdifferently

Nextsteps,toincorporatedirectknowledgeexchangesarisingcouldinclude

aRoundTablemeeAngormeeAngswithparAcipaAngfoundaAonstoconsidersubsequent

direcAons;ajointresearchandpracAceledconferenceonknowledgesharingandlearningwithan

openinvitaAontocivilsocietymembersinJordanandPalesAne;and/orevents(s)exploring

parAcularaspect(s)ofthereport,forexamplebeneficiariesasco-learnerswithfoundaAons.From

these,subsequentpossibiliAescouldincludetheestablishmentofalearningalliance(aninformal

grouping)amongtheparAcipaAngfoundaAons;and/orbeginningamoreformalfoundaAon

learningandresearchnetworkinJordanandPalesAne,whetherbroadly,orspecificallyrelatedto

youthengagementandempowerment..

FD270919 31

• Fromtheresearchers’perspecAves,twofurther‘nextsteps’areidenAfiable,beypndthose

concerningfurtherresearchinitsownright.Theseare,firstlytolinktothecomplementarystudyto

thisreport,on‘MuslimphilanthropyintheUKfoundaAoncontext–thewiderstateofdata’,by

ProfessorCathyPharoah.ThispointstothepotenAalforpossibleinteracAonsbetweeninterested

MuslimfoundaAonsintheUKandJordanianandPalesAnianfoundaAonrespondents,toconsider

the‘how’,and‘howfar’knowledgeissharedintheirownseings,withapossibleviewtoshared

working.Secondly,toexploreexploringgovernmental-level(DfID)perspecAvesontheimplicaAons

oftheresearchfindings,andwherefeasibleseekingappropriategovernmentalrepresentaAvesator

contribuAonstowardsthepracAce-lednextstepsthatarediscussedabove.

• OurpersonalresearchreflecDons.Thisresearchuncoveredimpressiveamountsof‘goodnews’,in

theJordanianandPalesAniancontexts,ascasefoundaAonsdemonstratedtheextentoftheir

capacityandcapabilityforinternalknowledgesharingandlearning.However,itiscriAcalto

recognisethelikelyconsequencesiftheexternalknowledgesharinggapisnotaddressed.Ifthe

internally-directedreflecAonsanddevelopmentofthefoundaAonsconAnueasbefore,external

philanthropicorganisaAonscurrentlyoperaAngintheregion,orwhoareplanningtodosointhe

future,arelikelytoremainwhollyunawareaboutthewealthoflocalknowledgeandexperience

thesefoundaAonshold.Thismaythenreinforcetheissuesoflackoftrustandlackofimpactso

feedingcyclesthat,finally,willnotsupportthebeneficiariesthatallfoundaAonsoperaAnginthese

countrieswishtoserve.

Duringthisresearch,respondentshavealreadyofferedtotakeitsfindingsforward,forexample–“If

thisresearchcanbeacatalystforagatheringaroundtheregion,let’sdoit.Leavethefollowupt

us…wewilldowhat’sneededtoremainconnected.”Wewouldbepleasedandprivilegedtoableto

playanacAvepartintheseconAnuingdevelopments.

FD270919 32

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