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    A Summer Project Report

    submitted by

    Mr. Ashish Jaikumar Bharuka

    MGM, Aurangabad

    Project done forOrganization- Unimark Remedies Ltd.

    Project Guide- Mr. Sameer Akolkar

    Project coordinator- Ms. Rubina Khan

    Acknowledgement

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    Index

    Sr. No Topic Page No.

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    Part I

    INTRODUCTION

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    About Pharmaceutical Industry

    The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry today is in the front rank of Indias

    science-based industries with wide ranging capabilities in the complex filed

    of drug manufacture and technology. A highly organized sector, the Indian

    Pharma Industry is estimated to be worth $ 4.5 billion, growing at about 8 to9% annually. It ranks very high in the third world, in term of technology,

    quality and range of medicine and complex cardiac compound, almost every

    type of medicine is now made indigenously.

    Playing a key role in promoting and sustaining development in the vital field

    of medicines, Indian Pharma Industry boasts of quality producers and many

    units approved by regulatory authorities in USA and UK. International

    companies associated with this sector have stimulated, assisted and

    spearheaded this dynamic development in the past 53 years and helped to

    put India on the pharmaceutical map of the world.

    The Indian pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented with more than

    20,000 registered units. It has expanded drastically in the last two decades.

    The leading 250 pharmaceutical companies control 70% of the market with

    market leader holding nearly 7% of the market share. It is an extremely

    fragmented market with severe price competition and government price

    control.

    The pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the countys

    demand for the bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceuticalformulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals, and injectibles. There are

    about 250 large units and about 8000 small scale units, which form the core

    pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 central public sector units).

    These units produce the complete range of pharmaceutical formulations, i.e.,

    medicines ready for consumption by the patients and about 350 bulk drugs

    i.e., chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of

    pharmaceutical formulations.

    In Global therapeutic classes of different segment, Oncology has highest

    6.2% global share but in INDIA it has only 0.7% market share but it isgrowing at 36% of growth rate

    Part II

    Industry Profile

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    Company Profile

    Unimark Remedies Ltd

    Unimark Remedies Ltd (URL) is one of the leading bulk drug

    manufacturers in the country.

    Vision

    To be a global integrated Life science company through innovation, cost

    leadership and value creation for stake holders

    Mission

    To contribute towards making affordable healthcare Therapy management

    from Detection to Destination

    Values

    Entrepreneurship, Transparency and Respect for Humanity

    Overview

    Revenues- US $ 137 million (Apr 07 to Mar 08)

    US $ 187 million (Apr 08 to Mar 09)

    Growth Rate (Last 5 years)- >25% every year

    Research and Development- Investment US $ 9 million

    Manpower 110 scientists

    Capability 10 to 12 DMFs per year

    Patent 12 filed and published

    Manufacturing- Plant capacity 400 m3

    Investment US $ 66 million

    Expansion of US $ 30 million

    Bavla and Vapi US FDA approval

    Business activity- Manufacturing of APIs and Intermediates

    CRAMS

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    Customer profile- Customer spread in more than 65

    Countries, MNC and Generic companies

    Products

    Cephasporins Cefaclor, Cephalexin

    Semi synthetic penicillins Amoxycillin, Ampicillin

    Carbapenems Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem

    Antibacterials Minocycline, Albendazole, mefloquine

    Cardiovasculars Ramipril, Lisinopril, Benazepril

    Antimuscurinic Solifenacine

    NSAID Nimesulide

    Analgesics Tapentadole

    Antimigraine Rizatriptan Benzoate

    Antiasthamatic Montelukast Sodium

    Anticonvulsant Topiramate

    Antipsychotic Paliperidone

    Schizopherenic Eszopiclone

    Oncology Irinotecan, Carboplatin, Gemcitabine

    Approvals

    US FDA, EDQM, WHO, ISO 14001, OSHAS compliant

    The Rs 650-crore Mumbai-based company had started to sell finished

    formulations in a small way just two years ago. The privately held URL, which

    sold 26 per cent of its equity to Citi Venture two years ago for Rs 130 crore,

    has invested close to Rs 300 crore to create US FDA-approved6

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    manufacturing facilities at Bavla in Ahmedabad and Vapi. URL has about 130

    scientists and has the capacity to develop 10-15 active pharmaceutical

    ingredients every year.

    The business model of URL is to partner with companies for selling

    products. The company markets about 34 products of Serum Institute ofIndia in the oncology segment, Natco Pharma and Celon Labs of Hyderabad.

    URL has field force of 260 to 300 medical representatives.

    Globally, the company sells its products in semi-regulated markets and

    Europe.

    Quality policy

    Quality policy is a sound commitment by all URL employees to build quality

    products meeting highest global quality standards.

    The Management is committed to provide the direction and means to

    implement the quality policy through the following objectives

    Provide the customer with consistent quality product.

    Provide products right first time and every time and in full by utilizing

    efficient cost effective methods.

    Providing the customers with the best value for URL products.

    Provide open, effective communications with URL customers and

    suppliers.

    Provide systematic validation and control of Manufacturing,

    operational and Quality processes.

    Provide a system of continuous improvement across all disciplines.

    Provide a system of employee involvement, motivation and training.

    Business Strategy

    Growth through

    Differentiation Creation of IPR

    Creation of robust pipeline through innovative R and D

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    Cost leadership through backward and forward integration

    Alliance management

    1. Strategic alliance

    2. Top 10 generic companies as customers

    What is Cancer?

    Cancer (Medical term: malignantneoplasm) is a class ofdiseases in which

    a group ofcells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal

    limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and

    sometimes metastasis (spread to other locations in the body via lymph or

    blood).

    Malignant cancers are different from benign tumors, which are self-

    limited, and do not invade or metastasize. Most cancers form a tumor but

    some, like leukemia, do not.

    Genetic abnormalities found in cancer typically affect two general classes

    of genes. Cancer-promoting oncogenes are typically activated in cancer

    cells, giving those cells new properties, such as hyperactive growth and

    division, protection against programmed cell death, loss of respect for

    normal tissue boundaries, and the ability to become established in diverse

    tissue environments.Tumor suppressor genes are then inactivated in cancer

    8

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastasishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_tumorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_deathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_suppressor_genehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastasishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_tumorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_deathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_suppressor_genehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignancy
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    cells, resulting in the loss of normal functions in those cells, such as accurate

    DNA replication, control over the cell cycle, orientation and adhesion within

    tissues, and interaction with protective cells of the immune system.

    Classification

    Cancers are classified by the type of cell that resembles the tumor and,

    therefore, the tissue presumed to be the origin of the tumor. These are the

    histology and the location, respectively.

    Carcinoma Malignant tumors derived from epithelial cells

    Saroma Malignant cells derived from connective

    tissue/Mesenchymal cells

    Lymphoma or

    Leukamia

    Malignancies derived from hematopoetic cells

    Germ cell tumors Tumors derived from totipotent cells

    Blastoma A tumor which resembles an embryonic tissue

    Signs and Symptoms

    Roughly, cancer symptoms can be divided into three groups:

    Local symptoms: unusual lumps or swelling (tumor), hemorrhage

    (bleeding), pain and/or ulceration. Compression of surrounding tissues

    may cause symptoms such asjaundice (yellowing the eyes and skin).

    Symptoms of metastasis (spreading): enlarged lymph nodes, cough

    and hemoptysis, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), bone pain, fracture of

    affected bones and neurological symptoms. Although advanced cancer

    may cause pain, it is often not the first symptom.

    Systemic symptoms: weight loss, poor appetite, fatigue and cachexia

    (wasting), excessive sweating (night sweats), anemia and specific

    9

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_distinct_cell_types_in_the_adult_human_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorrhagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer_(dermatology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaundicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_metastasishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_nodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coughhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatomegalyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_(symptom)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cachexiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_hyperhidrosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_distinct_cell_types_in_the_adult_human_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorrhagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer_(dermatology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaundicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_metastasishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_nodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coughhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatomegalyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_(symptom)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cachexiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_hyperhidrosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia
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    paraneoplastic phenomena, i.e. specific conditions that are due to an

    active cancer, such as thrombosis or hormonal changes.

    Causes

    Cancer is a diverse class of diseases which differ widely in their causes

    and biology. Any organism, even plants, can acquire cancer. Nearly all

    known cancers arise gradually, as errors build up in the cancer cell and its

    progeny (see mechanisms section for common types of errors).

    The errors which cause cancer are often self-amplifying, eventually

    compounding at an exponential rate. For example:

    A mutation in the error-correcting machinery of a cell might cause that

    cell and its children to accumulate errors more rapidly

    A mutation in signaling (endocrine) machinery of the cell can send

    error-causing signals to nearby cells

    A mutation might cause cells to become neoplastic, causing them to

    migrate and disrupt more healthy cells

    A mutation may cause the cell to become immortal (see telomeres),

    causing them to disrupt healthy cells forever

    Other causes can be

    Chemicals

    Ionising radiations

    Infections

    Hormonal imbalance

    Immone system dysfunction

    Heredity

    Screening

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraneoplastic_phenomenonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer#Mechanismshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomereshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraneoplastic_phenomenonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer#Mechanismshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomeres
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    Cancer screening is an attempt to detect unsuspected cancers in an

    asymptomatic population. A number of different screening tests have been

    developed for different malignancies. Eg.

    Breast self examination for Breast cancer

    Fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy for colorectal cancer

    Pap smear for cervical cytology testing

    Digital rectum exam with PSA blood testing for prostate cancer

    Diagnosis

    Most cancers are initially recognized either because signs or symptomsappear or through screening. Neither of these lead to a definitive diagnosis,

    which usually requires the opinion of a pathologist, a type of physician

    (medical doctor) who specializes in the diagnosis of cancer and other

    diseases. People with suspected cancer are investigated with medical tests.

    These commonly include blood tests, X-rays, CT scans and endoscopy.

    Pathology

    A cancer may be suspected for a variety of reasons, but the definitive

    diagnosis of most malignancies must be confirmed by histological

    examination of the cancerous cells by a pathologist. Tissue can be obtained

    from a biopsy or surgery. Many biopsies (such as those of the skin, breast or

    liver) can be done in a doctor's office. Biopsies of other organs are

    performed under anesthesia and require surgery in an operating room.

    The tissue diagnosis given by the pathologist indicates the type of cell

    that is proliferating, its histological grade, genetic abnormalities, and other

    features of the tumor. Together, this information is useful to evaluate the

    prognosis of the patient and to choose the best treatment. Cytogenetics and

    immunohistochemistry are other types of testing that the pathologist may

    perform on the tissue specimen. These tests may provide information about

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screening_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_pathologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT_scanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_pathologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_roomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histological_gradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prognosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytogeneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunohistochemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screening_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_pathologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT_scanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_pathologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_roomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histological_gradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prognosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytogeneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunohistochemistry
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    the molecular changes (such as mutations, fusion genes, and numerical

    chromosome changes) that has happened in the cancer cells, and may thus

    also indicate the future behavior of the cancer (prognosis) and best

    treatment.

    Prognosis

    Cancer has a reputation as a deadly disease. While this certainly applies

    to certain particular types, the truths behind the historical connotations of

    cancer are increasingly overturned by advances in medical care. Some types

    of cancer have a prognosis that is substantially better than nonmalignant

    diseases such as heart failure and stroke.

    Progressive and disseminated malignant disease has a substantial impact

    on a cancer patient's quality of life, and many cancer treatments (such as

    chemotherapy) may have severe side-effects. In the advanced stages of

    cancer, many patients need extensive care, affecting family members and

    friends. Palliative care solutions may include permanent or "respite" hospice

    nursing.

    Treatment

    Cancer treatment depends on the type of cancer, the stage of the cancer

    (how much it has spread), age, health status, and additional personal

    characteristics. There is no single treatment for cancer and patients often

    receive a combination of therapies and palliative care. Treatments usuallyfall into one of the following categories:

    Surgery

    Radiation

    Chemotherapy

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_genehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palliative_carehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_genehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palliative_care
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    Immunotherapy

    Hormone therapy or gene therapy.

    About Breast Cancer

    The term, breast cancer, refers to a malignant tumor that has developed

    from cells in the breast. The breast is composed of two main types of

    tissues: glandular tissues and stromal (supporting) tissues. Glandular tissues

    house the milk-producing glands (lobules) and the ducts (the milk passages)

    While stromal tissues include fatty and fibrous connective tissues of the

    breast. The breast is also made up of lymphatic tissue-immune system tissue

    that removes cellular fluids and waste. All women are at risk of breast

    cancer. Breast cancer is the leading killer of 35- to 54-year-old women.

    Breast cancer in women under 50 is more aggressive and virulent.

    Structure of female Breast

    Interior of the female breast consists mostly of fatty and fibrous

    connective tissues, divided into about 20 section called lobes. Each lobe is

    further subdivided into a collection of lobules, structures that contain small

    milk-producing glands. These glands secrete milk into a complex system of

    tiny ducts. The ducts carry the milk through the breast and converge in acollecting chamber located just below the nipple.

    Signs and Symptoms

    Early breast cancer has vague symptoms and is usually not painful. Most

    are discovered as an abnormality or a lump in the breast

    Common symptoms are:

    lump or a thickening in the breast

    Change of size or shape of the mature breast

    Fluid (not milk) leaking from the nipple

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    Change of size or shape of the nipple

    Change of color or texture of the nipple or the areola, or of the skin

    of the breast itself (dimples, puckers, rash)

    Risk Factors

    Age: risk increases with age with >80% being in women over age

    60yrs

    Age-related risk also varies with geographical variation

    Early menarche and delayed menopause increases risk

    Late first pregnancy with inadequate breast feeding

    Familial and past history

    Over-exposure to radiation

    Unhealthy lifestyle - Intake of alcohol, Oily food

    Smoking

    Long term usage of oral contraceptives

    Usage of hormonal replacement therapy

    Screening and Diagnosis

    Screening is done to detect the presence of a disease particularly in

    patients who do

    not show any signs or symptoms. Done through:

    Mammograms

    Clinical breast examination

    Breast self examination

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    Diagnosis is done to assess the actual cause of symptoms seen.

    Done through - Clinical breast examination

    Imaging techniques such as CT scans MRI, PET scan, ultrasounds,

    Mammograms etc.

    Biopsy

    Hormone receptor status - Histopathological tests include testing

    for hormone receptors- estrogen and Progesterone

    If the tests are positive, hormonal therapy is the preferred treatment

    modality.

    Current treatment options

    Surgery

    Radiotherapy

    Given in early stages post surgery or when there is nodal

    involvement

    Chemotherapy

    Usage of various drugs to reduce the tumor size or make itdisappear

    Hormonal therapy - Usage of hormonal inhibitors to achieve

    regression in hormone receptor positive Tumors.

    About Lung Cancer

    Lung cancer is a disease caused by the rapid growth

    and division of cells that make up the lungs. Lung cancer is

    sometimes called "bronchogenic cancer," or it may be

    described by its particular histologic type, that is the type

    of tissue that is diseased.

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    Type of Lung Cancer

    Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

    Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

    Types of NSCLC

    About 8 to 9 out of 10 cases of all lung cancers are the

    non-small cell type.

    There are 3 sub-types of NSCLC:

    1. Squamous cell carcinoma - About 25% to 30%of all lung cancers are this kind. They are linked

    to smoking and tend to be found in the middle of

    the lungs, near a bronchus.

    2. Adenocarcinoma - This type accounts for about

    40% of lung cancers. It is usually found in the

    outer part of the lung.

    3. Large-cell (undifferentiated) carcinoma -

    About 10% to 15% of lung cancers are this type. Itcan start in any part of the lung. It tends to grow

    and spread quickly, which makes it harder to

    treat.

    Signs and Symptoms

    Cough, Chest pain, Hoarseness

    Weight loss and loss of appetite

    Bloody or rust-colored sputum (spit or phlegm)

    Shortness of breath

    Infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia that

    keep coming back16

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    New onset of wheezing

    Weakness or numbness of the arms or legs

    Headache, dizziness, or seizure

    Yellow coloring of the skin and eyes (jaundice)

    Risk Factors

    Tobacco

    Smoking is by far the leading risk factor for lung

    cancer. Tobacco smoke causes early 9 out of 10

    cases of lung cancer

    Secondhand smoke

    Radon - Radon is a radioactive gas made by the

    natural breakdown of uranium in soil and

    Rocks

    Asbestos

    Other cancer-causing agents in the workplace

    Radioactive ores, such as uranium

    Inhaled chemicals or minerals, such as arsenic,

    beryllium, cadmium, vinyl chloride, nickel

    compounds, chromium compounds, coal products,

    mustard gas, and chloromethyl ethers

    Diesel exhaust

    Arsenic

    Personal or family history of lung cancer

    Air pollution

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    Screening & Diagnosis

    Imaging tests

    Chest x-ray

    CT scan (Computed Tomography): A CT (or CAT)

    Will give the doctor precise information about the

    size, shape, and place of a tumor.

    MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography): PET

    uses a form of sugar that contains a radioactive

    atom. Cancer cells in the body absorb large

    amounts of the sugar.

    Bone scan - For a bone scan a small amount of

    radioactive substance is injected into a vein. This

    substance builds up in areas of bone that may not

    be normal because of cancer.These will be seen

    on the bone scan pictures as dense, gray to black

    areas, called "hot spots."

    CT (Computed Tomography) Scan is a series of

    detailed pictures of areas inside the head and

    neck created by a computer linked to an x-ray

    machine

    MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) - Uses a

    powerful magnet linked to a computer to create

    detailed pictures of areas inside the head and

    neck.

    PET scan (Positron emission tomography

    Biopsy - Surgically the removal of tissue. A

    pathologist studies the tissue under a microscope

    to make a diagnosis. A biopsy is the only sure way

    to tell whether a person has cancer.

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    Research Methodology

    Miniature survey was conducted of the Oncologists in

    Aurangabad to study the treatment landscape of BreastCancer and Non Small cell lung Cancer

    Research Instrument used wasaStructured

    Questionnaire where doctors were interviewed personally.

    Training Module, Internet were used to collect data about

    the disease conditions, their symptoms, treatment options

    etc.

    Aim

    To identify doctors business potential for BreastCancer and Non small cell Lung Cancer.

    To understand reasons for using Taxane in Breast

    Cancer and identify various brands preferred.

    To identify the preference of Paclitaxel versus

    Docetaxel in terms of Safety and Efficacy.

    To find out the importance of Maintenance therapy,

    drug used and brands preferred in Non small cellLung Cancer

    Six doctors were interviewed

    Medical oncologists: 2

    Surgical oncologists: 2

    Radiation oncologists: 1

    RMOs: 1

    Analysis and Findings

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