SummerResearchExperience

PosterSessionWednesday,July19,2017

ReportedresearchissupportedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthunderAwardNumbersGM118981,GM118982andGM118983.ThecontentissolelytheresponsibilityoftheauthorsanddoesnotnecessarilyrepresenttheofficialviewsoftheNationalInstitutesofHealth.

1.HowMaternalSatisfactionwithPaternalFinancialContributionsRelatestoRiskofPretermBirth

LeenaAbbasandDr.DawnMisra

2.FunctionalanalysisofRad6Bincisplatin-inducedDNAdamageresponseandCrispR/Cas9knockoutofRad6B

AngelinaAntonyan,BrittanyHaynes,andMalathyPVShekhar

3.Gastro-IntestinalCharacteristicsofMadagascarHissingCockroaches,Gromphadorhinaportentosa:CarbonicAnhydraseLocalization

ATeareaBoggan,JolaniPerez,andGregoryGrabowski

4.AntagonismofLactobacillusbysub-dominantvaginalbacteria:atriggerofbacterialvaginosis?

AlexandraBreves,AndreaPrenkocevic,andDr.RobertAkins

5.Doresponsiveandhappypartnerscreateasafespacefortheirpartnerwithchronicpaintodisclose?

RachelBruinsma,AngeliaCorleyM.A.,HallieGeorgeM.A.,AnthonyKosteckiB.A.,andAnnmarieCanoPh.D.

6.TheEffectofDifferentDisulfiram-MetalComplexesonHumanBreastandProstateCancerCells

SarahBuhay,JicangWang,AshtonLewandowski,andQ.PingDou

7.TheRoleofPericytesinNeurodegenerativeDiseasesoftheBrain

ArnulfoM.CazaresandAnneliseCrabtree

8.TheImpactofPrebioticsandProbioticsonGlucoseControlinType2DiabetesMellitus

AnthonyCroftandPatriciaRouen

9.LeadToxicity:ASurveyofTrendsinElevatedBloodLeadLevelsAmongChildrenLivingintheDetroitMetropolitanAreaandMolecularStudiesinCulturedLiverCells.

AutumnDavis1,ColleenBuggs-Saxton2(Advisor),ToddLeff3(Advisor)1SchoolofLiberalArtsandSciences,WayneStateUniversity1,Detroit,MI,482012DepartmentsofPediatricsandPhysiologyandDepartmentofPathology3,

10.UnderstandingTeacherEvaluationsofStudents’AcademicPotential

JamillahDouthet,ErinMoss,andDavidM.Merolla,PhD

11.HowEducationandReligioncorrespondstotheamountofPhysicalActivityperformedbyPregnantBlackWomen

ReliciousEboh,andDawnMisra,PhD

12.TheuseofmCherryfluorescenceproteintovisualizeprotein-proteininteractionsbetweenAilandPlaofYersiniapestis

NourElYaman,JamalAlhabeil,andEricKrukonis

13.ChildSleepPatternsandTheirImpactonDevelopmentOnLowSocioeconomicPopulations

SaraElhasanandMarjorieBeeghly

14.DoSocialBehaviorsCorrelatewithCognitiveAbilitiesfromChildhoodtoEarlyAdulthood?

Da'JonaeFoster,TiaraPerkins,MalloryFogus,DanaAnderson,DavidChenandNoaOfen

15.TheYersiniapestisAdhesinAilEnhancesPlaProteaseActivityonMultipleSubstrates

LizbethGarcia-Leon,ChristinaJones,DaliaAl-Alfe,JamalAlhabeilandEricS.Krukonis

16.Theeffectofdreissenidsonthebiodiversityofbenthicmacroinvertebrates

GabrielleGordon,DarrinHuntandDr.DonnaKashian

17.Whatistherelationshipbetweenelectronicmedicalrecordsscreeningtools/proceduresandscreeningfordomesticviolence?

EmilyGorkiewiczandTheresaR.Wyatt,PhD,RN

18.ReconstructionofPhotoacousticSignalsusingaLowCostDAQ

ChristopherHarness,AfreenFatimaandMohammadrezaNasiriavanaki

19.OutcomesinBereavedDementiaCaregivers:ASystematicReview

NailahHenry,DazjaJones,Dr.MitziSaundersandDr.CarlaGroh

20.TheImpactofTraumaticBrainInjuriesonCognitionandLearningUsingDrosophilaMelanogaster

AliIssa,EktaShaw,JordanHolloway,KatherineGurdzielandDouglasRuden

21.ReactionratesofPlatinumCompounds

MarcelJones,BettKimutaiandDr.ChristineChow

22.IdentificationofnewsubstratesfortheYersiniapestisoutermembraneproteasePlaandtheroleofAilinPla-mediatedcleavage

ChristinaE.Jones,LizbethGarcia,DaliaAl-AlfeandEricS.Krukonis

23.LigandSynthesisforPlatinumDrugs

WaymanJones,AdamFraeyman,KseniaProvidokhinaandKlausFriedrich

24.ApplicationofDNANanotechnology:Rolling-Circle-AmplificationProducts(RCP)asDrugDeliverySystem

BiancaJones,CameronMiller,OskarFranchandDr.BirgittaKnudsen

25.OutcomesinBereavedDementiaCaregivers:ASystematicReview

MitziSaunders,DazjaJones,NailahHenryandCarlaGroh

26.

Dr.KathleenZimmerman-OsterandAnnaJulien

27.1,2-Dihydropyridinesassyntheticbuildingblocks.

E.Jurado,B.CurtisandW.Arce

28.ExploringHealthBehaviorsamongAfricanAmericanwomen

NemaKebbeh

29.ManipulatingGeneExpressiontoMakeNewDiscoveries

ShyyaanKhanandPenelopeHiggs

30.TheEffectsofSmokingMarijuana

VanessaLeeandDr.MollyMcClelland

31.DevelopmentofSimplerWalkingCodeforaLower-BodyExoskeleton

Li,Yuyi;Zhou,YangandChen,Chaoyang

32.Propyleneglycolanti-freezeeffectsonDreissenabugensiswithrelationstocontaminationpreventions

AlejandroLozano,KarimAlameandDonnaKashian

33.DoesKIBRAGenotypeAffectMemoryPerformanceandBrainActivityinOlderAdults?

SukriaMalique,ZacFernandez,JessicaHayes,PatrickPruittandJessicaDamoiseaux

34.ExpressionofNovelE1-E6CAPZA2-METFusionProteininGlioblastomaBrainTumors

MargaretE.MartinezandTamiaM.Waller

35.InsideLook:TransitionfromChildtoAdultHealthcareServicesforAfricanAmericanAdolescentswithType1Diabetes

ShelbiMatlockandDr.PatriciaRouen

36.CRISPR-Cas9DeletionofZCF28andZCF34andEffectsonCandidaalbicansBiofilmFormation

DianaMcMahon,AlexJackmanandJonathanS.FinkelPh.D.

37.

TierraModock,MoriahThomas,MarionVandeHuevelandMarhorieBeeghly

38.PreliminaryAnalysisofTheEffectsMarijuanaHasonTextingandDriving

MohammedMohammed,BrianaMurdock,RimzimTaneja,Ki-JanaMalone,BrandonBuchanan,ChristoferSmith,DoreenHeadandRandallCommissaris(Advisor)

39.PerceptionofNursesfromaKenyanPerspective

Muli,Mary-JacquelineRN,BSNc.andMcClellandMolly,RN,PhD,ACNS-BC,CMSRN

40.HowdoMultipleMyosinMoleculesTransportaLargeVesicle?

EfrenMunoz,Jr.

41.PreliminaryAnalysisoftheEffectsMarijuanaHasonTextingandDriving

BrianaMurdock,MohammedMohammed,RimzimTaneja,Ki-JanaMalone,BrandonBuchanan,ChristoferSmith,DoreenHeadandRandallCommissaris

42.AnExplorationinTheGraduateAdmissionsProcess:GenderBiasinFacultyLettersofReference

JenniferNavaandAnnmarieCano

43.EffectsofMCP-1chemokineonOvarianCancercellviability

JadaNelson,RamandeepRattanandShailendraGiri

44.ExploringtheDepthofRuleAbstractionusingHoneybeesthroughTMazeTesting

ShyraJ.Northington

45.QuantitationofRNaseECellCycleRegulation

NathanielNunez,NadraAl-Husini,ObaidahBitar,JamesAretakis,MohammedBharmalandJaredSchrader

46.CorrelationbetweenHumanPapillomaVirus,HerpesSimplexVirus,andProgressionofCervicalCancer

DarleneOkpokpoandDr.RobertAkins

47.CognitiveBiasTestinginMice

JacePaupert,IanMoore,B.A.andElizabethM.Hill,PhD.

48.RelationshipBetweentheDigestiveandExcretoryTractwiththeNeuroendocrineSystem

JolaniPerez,A'TeareaBoggan,andGregoryGrabowski

49.CognitiveAbilityandSocialBehaviorsinPretermBornChildren

TiaraPerkins*,Da'JonaeFoster,DanaAnderson,DavidChenandNoaOfen

50.FexNi2-xPNanoparticleAssembliesforPotentialMagneticRefrigeration

MikaylahN.Poli,MalshaA.HettiarachchiandStephanieL.Brock

51.THEEFFECTOFANONSENSEMUTATIONINFBN1GENEONAORTAWALLSTRUCTUREANDANEURYSMFORMATIONINMARFANSYNDROME

AlejandroPonce,StudentHomeInstitution:WayneStateUniversityFacultySponsor:Dr.LiLi,MentorResearchInstitution:WSUCenterforMolecularMedicineandGeneticsLabpartner:XiaohuaDai,MentorResearchInstitution:WSUCenterforMolecularMed

52.ExpressionandTargetingofPI4KIIIαandSac1inProstateCancer

MadeleineE.Reardon,LouieSemaanandSreenivasaR.Chinni

53.ExaminingRuleAbstractioninHoneybeesThroughUseofaT-Maze

AlexandriaD.Rogers

54.TheImmediatePhysiologicalEffectsandSocialImplicationsofVaping

ChanningSesoko,ZiaMuntfordandMollyMcClelland

55.NegativityBiastowardsNeutralFaces:BrainCorrelatesandPerceivedTrustworthiness

LimiSharif,BrianSilverstein,NarcisMarshall,HilaryMarusak,CraigPeters,FarrahElrahal,andChristineRabinak

56.PreconditionedUterineMuscleCellsProteinSecretome

ArrenE.SimpsonandJudithA.Ingles

57.ExploringtheRelationshipbetweenCaregiverDepressionandAdolescentAsthmaControlandMorbidity

ScottiSmith,CherylMiree,MSandChristineLMJoseph,PhD,MPH

58.CharacteristicsofVaginalEnterococcusFaecalis:AReservoirforResistantStrains?

OmniSullivan

59.Spirodelapolyrhiza’sGeneExpressionResponsetoPhosphorus

RoyceSwaseyandStokesBaker

60.GUIDINGNEURONALANDGLIALCELLPERFORMANCEBYELECTRICALSTIMULATIONTHROUGHACONDUCTIVECARBONNANOTUBE/HYALURONICACIDAMALGALMATION

MallakH.Taleb,Jean-YvesAzur,ElisabethM.SteelandHariniG.SundararaghavanPhD.

61.EffectsofKDM4AandKDM4BKnockdownin"Drosophilamelanogaster",andGeneticInteractionsBetweenKDM4AandKDM4BwithSIN3

SonnyTang,ValerieBarnes,andLoriPile

62.PhysicalSymptoms,AlcoholUse,Mood,andFamilyFunctioninginMaleVictimsofPartner-Violence

AleksandarM.Tasich

63.TheEffectsofPaternalandMaternalCohabitationonStressLevelsinPregnantAfricanAmericanWomen

LeighaThomasandDawnP.Misra

64.ExaminingAtrazineAccumulationandHistologicalChangesintheHepatopancreasofCrayfishPost-Exposure

DanielDayfield,VictoriaTorres,KathrineYacooandDanielleMaxwell

65.Bioinformaticanalysisofmolecularbarcodesforthedetectionandidentificationofaquaticorganisms

XavierWalker,AdrianVasquezandJefferyRamPh.D

66.CloningofMET/CAPZA2fusionintoNEB5-alphaE.coliforobservationofproteinstability

TamiaM.WallerandMargaretE.Martinez

67.VisibleLightInducedPhotocatalyticHydrogenEvolutionUsingaCdS-Ni2PHybridAerogelSystem

KodyWhisnant,DaLiandDr.StephanieL.Brock

1.HowMaternalSatisfactionwithPaternalFinancialContributionsRelatestoRiskofPretermBirthLeenaAbbasandDr.DawnMisraFacultyMentor:Dr.DawnMisra,WayneStateUniversity

Gestationallengthlessthanbefore37completedweeksofgestation,knownaspretermbirth,isstronglyassociatedwithincreasedrisksofmorbidityandmortality.Moststudiesfocusonmaternalinfluencesongestationallength.Fewpapershavebeenpublishedaboutpaternalinfluences.Inthisstudy,weexaminethesatisfactionwiththefinancialcontributionsofthefatherofthebabyasreportedbythemotherasrelatedtogestationallength.WeuseddataderivedfromtheLIFEcohortstudyofpretermbirthamong1410Blackwomen(71%responserate)inSouthfield,MichiganinterviewedduringtheirpostpartumhospitalizationfromJune2009toDecember2011.Themedicalrecordwasabstractedtoobtainthechild’sgestationallengthatbirth.Thepretermbirthratewas17.1%(144/842)wherethemotherreportedbeingcompletelyorsomewhatsatisfied,12.6%(28/231)wherethemotherreportedbeingalittlesatisfiedorneithersatisfiedordissatisfied,and17.2%(50/291)wherethemotherreportedbeingalittle,somewhat,orcompletelydissatisfied.ThissuggestedaninverseU-shapedassociationwithhighestriskforthemiddlegroup.Inanindependent-samplet-test,themeangestationallengthwasshorterforthemiddlegroupcomparedtothetwoextremegroups(268.6vs.271.4days,p=0.02).Weexploredeffectsonpretermbirthwithlogisticregressionmodelscontrollingformaternalageorincomebutdidnotfindstatisticallysignificantassociationswiththemother’ssatisfactionwithfinancialsupport.Infuturestudies,wewillcollectdatadirectlyfromboththefathersandthemotherstobetterunderstandtheroleofpaternalfactors.

2.FunctionalanalysisofRad6Bincisplatin-inducedDNAdamageresponseandCrispR/Cas9knockoutofRad6BAngelinaAntonyan,BrittanyHaynes,andMalathyPVShekharFacultyMentor:Dr.MalathyShekhar,WayneStateUniversiySchoolofMedicine

Rad6BisanE2ubiquitinconjugatingenzymethatisoverexpressedinbreastcancer,melanomaandovariancancer.StudiesfromourlaboratoryhaveshownthatRad6Bactivelycontributestocancerdevelopmentandprogressionthroughitsubiquitinconjugatingactivity.Rad6canmodulatetherapyresponsebecauseofitsfundamentalroleintranslesionDNAsynthesis(TLS),aprocessalsoreferredasDNAdamagetolerance(DDT)orpostreplicationDNArepair.Cisplatin(CDDP)isachemotherapeuticagentthatisusedfortreatingtriplenegativebreastcancer(TNBC).CDDPinducesDNAinterstrandcrosslinks;repairofthesecrosslinksrequiresactivitiesoftheRad6translesionsynthesis(TLS)pathway,theFanconiAnemia(FA)networkandthehomologousrecombinationrepair(HRR)pathway.RecruitmentofPolh,FANCD2andRad51togH2AX-labeledfociserveasmarkersforTLS,FAandHRpathwayinvolvementintherepairprocess.OurlabhaspreviouslyshownthatRad6inhibitionwithaRad6-selectivesmallmoleculeinhibitorSMI#9suppressesCDDP-inducedincreasesinPCNAmonoubiquitinationandFANCD2levels,whichareessentialforactivationoftheTLSandFApathways,respectively.TodeterminetheimpactofSMI#9onCDDP-inducedrecruitmentofPolh,FANCD2,andRad51ongH2AX-loadedfociinHeLacells,weperformeddualimmunofluorescencestainingwithgH2AXandPolh,gH2AXandRad51,andgH2AXandFANCD2antibodies,andcounterstainedwithappropriateTexasRedorFITCconjugatedsecondaryantibodies.OurresultsshowedthatSMI#9pretreatmentcausedadramaticdecreaseinCDDP-inducedlocalizationsofPolh,FANCD2,andRad51tothesitesofDNAdoublestrandbreaksmarkedbygH2AXlabeling.WehavealsoperformedCrispR/Cas9–basedknockoutofRad6BasthiswouldallowustofurtherverifythefunctionalroleofRad6inrepairandtherapyresponse.M14melanomacellswerestablytransfectedwithCRISPR/Cas9vectorencodingRad6BspecificguideRNAsandhomologydirectedrepairplasmidspecificforRad6B.Stablecloneswereselectedbypuromycinselection.ConfirmationofRad6BknockoutwasverifiedingenomicDNAsbyPCRandsequenceanalysis.TheRad6BknockoutcellswillbeusedforanalyzingthefunctionalroleofRad6Binmelanomadevelopment.

3.Gastro-IntestinalCharacteristicsofMadagascarHissingCockroaches,Gromphadorhinaportentosa:CarbonicAnhydraseLocalizationATeareaBoggan,JolaniPerez,andGregoryGrabowskiFacultyMentor:GregoryGrabowski,UniversityofDetroit-Mercy

Thegoalistofindneuroendocrinecellsandcarbonicanhydrase(CAH)localizationinthegastro-intestinaltract(GItract)ofhissingcockroaches.ThehypothesisisthatneuroendocrinecellsreleasehormonesfromtheepitheliumoftheGItractandMalpighiantubulesandareusedinregulation,coordinatingdigestionandexcretion.ThePAS-orangeGandhematoxylin-phloxinehistochemicaltechniquesarestainsusedtofindthesecells.PAS-orangeGstainsbasophilsmagenta,acidophilsyellow,nucleiblue/black,andchromophobespaleblue.Hematoxylin-phloxinestainpancreaticBcellsblue,Acellsred,andDcellsred/pink.RecentstudieshaveshownahighernumberofneuroendocrinecellsinthemalpighiantubulesandGIepithelium.Inmammals,bodysystemscoordinatewithoneanother,theexpectationisthattheneuroendocrinesystemwillcoordinateCAHlocalizationinthecockroaches.Carbonicanhydrasescatalyzethereaction:C02+H201H2CO31H++HCO3-,determiningthepHgradient,goingfromcroptorectum.Previousstudiesshowthatcropandcecumareacidic;theredmidgut,whitemidgut,andrectumareneutral;andtheintestine,lightanddarkhindgutarebasic.pHtestsandHanson’sHistochemicaltechniquewillbeusedtolocateCAHhistologically.ThepHtestsdeterminewherethechangefromacidictobasictakesplace.Hanson’stechniqueidentifieswhereCAHislocatedbyCoHPO4,precipitate,andturningtheareawithCAH,blackwithammoniumsulfide.Researchisexpectedtoshowcarbonicanhydrasesarelocatedtowardthececum,allowingforacidneutralizationtowardtherectum.

4.AntagonismofLactobacillusbysub-dominantvaginalbacteria:atriggerofbacterialvaginosis?AlexandraBreves,AndreaPrenkocevic,andDr.RobertAkinsFacultyMentor:RobertAkins,WaynestateuniversitySchoolofMedicine

ThemutualisticandantagonisticrelationshipofEnterococcusfaecaliswithotherbacteriaisunderstudiedandstillunclear.ResearchinthissubjectcouldfindthecauseandcureforBacterialVaginosis(BV)andtheinteractionsbetweenLactobacillusspeciesandE.faecalis.DuringBV,healthydominantLactobacillusspeciesarereplacedbyBVassociatedspeciessuchasGardnerella,Atopobium,Prevotella,andmanyothers.WewanttofindthelinkbetweenE.faecalis,thecytolysinthatsomestrainsproduce,andinitiationofBV,inthecontextofantagonismwithhealthyLactobacillusspecies.IhypothesizethatE.faecalis’cytolysininhibitsLactobacillusandstartstheconversionofbacterialpopulationsfromhealthytoabnormal,resultinginBV.Byco-incubationofmixedvaginalbacteriafromswabsofBVpatientsinremissionwithE.faecalisandprobioticLactobacillusspecies,weseektomimictheconversionseeninwomenduringBVrecurrence.IuseqPCRtodeterminewhichspeciesbecomedominantintheco-incubationsafter24,48,or144hours.ThepurposeoftheprobioticwastoseewhetheritresistedinhibitionbyE.faecalisandpreventedovergrowthofBV-associatedspecies.Thesignificanceofthisworkisthatitmayoffernewspeciesastargetsforantibiotictherapy,ornewprobioticspecies,topreventthealarmingrecurrenceratesofBV.

5.Doresponsiveandhappypartnerscreateasafespacefortheirpartnerwithchronicpaintodisclose?RachelBruinsma,AngeliaCorleyM.A.,HallieGeorgeM.A.,AnthonyKosteckiB.A.,andAnnmarieCanoPh.D.FacultyMentor:Dr.AnnmarieCano,WayneStateUniversity

Background:Previousresearchhasshownthatemotionaldisclosureispredictiveofrelationshipsatisfaction.Perceivedpartnerresponsivenessthoughttocontributetorelationshipsatisfaction.Validationisonewaypartnersmayberesponsivetooneanother.Methods:Theparticipantswerecouplesinwhichoneindividualhadchronicpainandtheotherhadnoorminimalpain.Thepartnerswererandomlyassignedtoanexperimentalconditioninwhichtheyreceivedvalidationtrainingoracontrolcondition.Couplestookbaselinemeasuresofrelationshipsatisfactionandperceivedpartnerresponsivenessthenparticipatedinavideotapeddiscussionabouthowthepainhadimpactedtheirlives.Results:Contrarytohypothesizedresults,greaterperceivedpartnerresponsivenessatbaselinewasrelatedtolessvalidatingresponsesmadebythepartnerduringthediscussion.Further,therewasnotasignificantrelationshipbetweenrelationshipsatisfactionandthenumberofemotionaldisclosuresmadeduringthediscussionorbetweenthenumberofinvalidatingresponsesmadebythepartnerduringthediscussionandtheindividualwithchronicpain’sperceptionoftheirpartner’stypicalresponsiveness.Discussion:Futurestudymaybroadenthebehavioralcodingmeasureofresponsivenesstoincludereassuranceandotherresponsivebehaviors.

6.TheEffectofDifferentDisulfiram-MetalComplexesonHumanBreastandProstateCancerCellsSarahBuhay,JicangWang,AshtonLewandowski,andQ.PingDouFacultyMentor:Dr.Dou,WayneStateUniversity/BarbaraAnnKarmanosCancerInstitute

Inrecentyears,Disulfiram(DSF),anFDAapproveddrugfortreatingalcoholism,hasbecomemoreprominentforitsabilitytoalternativelycombatcancercellgrowth.Asametalchelator,DSFhasahighaffinityformetalssuchascopperandzinc,whichtogetherincomplexcanbindtoandinhibit19Sand20Sproteasomes,consequentlyinducingapoptosisincancercells.RepurposingDSFtotreatcancerobtainsmoreinterestasthecostfortranslatingintotreatmentsismuchlowerforthealreadyapproveddrug,comparedtonewlydevelopeddrugs.HereweinvestigatetheeffectsofvariousDSF-metalcomplexesonproliferationofhumanbreastandprostatecancercells.Humanbreastcancer(MDA-MB-231andMDA-MB-468)andprostatecancer(CWR22Rv1)celllinesweresubjecttotime-dependenttreatmentsofDSFcomplexedwith9differentmetals:Copper(II)Chloride,Zinc(II)Sulfate,Cadmium(II)Chloride,Nickel(II)Chloride,Cobalt(II)ChlorideHexahydrate,Magnesium(II)Sulfate,Calcium(II)ChlorideDihydrate,Platinum(II)DiammineDichloride,andManganese(II)Chloride.Aftertreatments,MTTandUbiquitinVinylSulfone(Ub-VS)assayswereperformedtodeterminecellviabilityandtheeffectonthe19Sproteasome-associateddeubiquitinases(DUBs)USP14andUCHL5,respectively.TheresultsrevealedthatDSFandCopperisaprimecombinationforcancertreatment,whichsignificantlydecreasedcellviabilityofallcelllinestestedanddemonstratedstronginhibitionof19S-DUBactivityat0.2μM.OthermetalssuchasNickel,CalciumandMagnesiumpartiallycontributetotheeffectsofDSFatthesameorslightlyhigherconcentration(0.4μM).OurresultsstronglysuggestthepromiseofDSF-metalcombinationsasapotentialcancertherapy.

7.TheRoleofPericytesinNeurodegenerativeDiseasesoftheBrainArnulfoM.CazaresandAnneliseCrabtreeFacultyMentor:Dr.PaulaDore-Duffy,WayneStateUniversity

Pericytesareunique,contractileandmotilecellsofthemicrovasculature.Theyarelocatedinpre-capillaryarterioles,capillariesandpost-capillaryvenulesofalltissues.Pericytesareregulatorycellsthatexhibitextraordinarycharacteristicssuchasbeingabletoformulateanimmuneresponse,regulateangiogenesis,anddemonstratepluripotency(adultstemcellactivity).Inthebrainpericytesareintegralmembersofthe“neurovascularunit(NVU)”(endothelialcells,pericytes,astrocytesandneurons).However,verylittleisknownaboutthecomplexcelltocellcommunicationutilizedbypericyteswiththeothercellsoftheNVU.Inthisstudy,wequestionwhetherCNSpericytesengageincelltocellcrosstalkwithneurons.Tostudytheinteractionofpericyteswithneurons,wedevelopedaco-culturesystemusingprimarymouseCNSpericytesandCatecholaminergica-differentiated(CAD)cellswhichisamurineneuronalcelllinethatsecretesdopamineandnorepinephrine.CADcellsdonotexpressanyneuritesandremaininanundifferentiatedstatewhenculturedinthepresenceofserum.However,reversiblemorphologicaldifferentiationcanbeinitiatedbyremovalofserumorexogenouslyaddedproteinfromthemedium.Inserum-orprotein-freemedia,CADcellsstopproliferatingandextendlongprocesses.DifferentiatedCADcellscanbemaintainedwithoutserumorproteinforatleast6weeks.CADcellsexhibitbiochemicalandmorphologicalcharacteristicsofprimaryneuronsandprovideauniquetoolforstudyingneuronaldifferentiation.PrimaryCNSpericyteswereco-culturedwithCADcellsatvaryingdensities.PericytesextendedprocessesandmadecontactwithCADcells.Ata1:1ratioCADcellsoftenclusteredaroundpericytes.Inserum-containingmediumpericyteswerefoundtobestimulatedCADcelldifferentiation.Pericyte-conditionedmediumdidnotsubstituteforpericytessuggestingthatpericyte-neuronalcelltocellcontactisneeded.Co-cultureofprimarypericyteswithneuronsalsoappearedtoinducedpericytedifferentiation.Theselatterresultssuggestthatneuronsmayalsoregulatepericytepluripotency.Tofurtherevaluatewhetherthisinteractionrequiresdirectcell-to-cellcontactorasignalingmolecule,weareplanningtouseatranswellculturingsysteminwhichcellswereculturedindifferentcompartments,buttheculturemediumcanpassbetweenthecompartments.

8.TheImpactofPrebioticsandProbioticsonGlucoseControlinType2DiabetesMellitusAnthonyCroftandPatriciaRouenFacultyMentor:PatriciaRouen,DetroitMercy

Typetwodiabetesmellitus(T2DM)isachronic,progressivehealthconditionthatrequiresongoingassessment,interventionstocontrolbloodglucoselevelsandeducationandevaluationtoreducecomplications.T2DMistheseventhleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates(U.S.)(AmericanDiabetesAssociation[ADA],2016).Currently,29.1millionpeoplehaveT2DM,accountingforapproximately9%oftheU.S.population(ADA,2016);additionally,anothersevenmillionpeoplehavehighbloodsugarandhemoglobinA1c(HbA1c)levelsthatdiagnosethemashavingpre-diabetes(ADA,2016).Diabetesisanexpensivediseasewherethetotalcostofdiagnosisandtreatmentisestimatedtobe$245billionannually(AmericanDiabetesAssociation,2016),promptingaU.S.nationalobjectivetoreducetheeconomiccoststhatarecausedbythishealthconcern(HealthyPeople2020;U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,2013).ThekeytodiabetesmanagementismaintainingcontrolofglucoseasmeasuredbytheHbA1c.IdealvaluesforHbA1careunder5.7%.ThosewithHbA1cvaluesrangingfrom5.7-6.4%havepre-diabetesandthoseover6.5%arediagnosedwithdiabetes.Poorlycontrolleddiabetescausessignificantcomplicationsincludecardiovasculardisease,nephropathy,neuropathyandretinopathyoftheeye,whichcanresultinblindness.ControlofbloodglucosevaluesandHbA1clevelsreducescomplicationsfromthedisease(ADA,2016).Arelativelynewlineoftherapeuticinterventionfordiabeteshastakentheformofprebioticsandprobiotics.Prebioticsandprobioticshavebeenusedincreasinglyoverthelastfewyearsinavarietyofstudiesthatfocusedonassessingandrecordingtheirimpactonthemanagementofdiabetesmellitus.Essentiallyprobioticsworktobalancethemicroflorainthegastrointestinaltractthat,accordingtopriorresearch,resultsinanimprovedHemoglobinA1c(HbA1c),fastingbloodglucose,andfastingbloodinsulinlevels.electronicdatabasessuchas:PubMed,GoogleScholar,CINAHL,EBSCO,andProQuestwereusedtoidentifyrandomizedcontrolledtrialsandmetadata-analysisreviewsthatwererelevanttothetopic.Thepurposeofthisreviewistoascertainthecurrentstateofscienceregardingthemedicaluseandeffectivenessofprebioticsandprobioticsforthemanagementofdiabetesmellitus(specificallytypeII).

9.LeadToxicity:ASurveyofTrendsinElevatedBloodLeadLevelsAmongChildrenLivingintheDetroitMetropolitanAreaandMolecularStudiesinCulturedLiverCells.AutumnDavis1,ColleenBuggs-Saxton2(Advisor),ToddLeff3(Advisor)1SchoolofLiberalArtsandSciences,WayneStateUniversity1,Detroit,MI,482012DepartmentsofPediatricsandPhysiologyandDepartmentofPathology3,FacultyMentor:Dr.Leff;Dr.Buggs-Saxton,WaynestateuniversitySchoolofMedicine

Thelong-termgoalofDr.Leff’slaboratoryistounderstandtheeffectsofleadexposureonthedevelopmentoftype2diabeteslaterinlife.Asaninitialstepinthisdirection,thelaboratoryisexaminingtheeffectsofleadexposureinmiceandinculturedmammaliancells.Preliminaryexperimentsinlead-exposedrodentsdemonstratedthatexposurepromotesthedevelopmentofdiabetes,andthatitdoesso,atleastinpart,bystimulatingtheglucoseproductionfromtheliver.Thispossibilityisbeingstudiedinvitrousingculturedliver(hepatoma)cellsbyobservingtheeffectsofleadontheexpressionofgenesinvolvedinglucosesynthesis(gluconeogenesis).Theprimarygoalofmysummerresearchprojectistodetermineiftheleadsaltofdiethyldithiocarbamicacid(DEDTC-Pb)canbeusedtodeliverleadtoculturedhepatomacells,andtostudyitseffects.IcarriedouttheinitialstepsofthisprojectbyobservingtheeffectsofincreasingconcentrationsofDEDTC-Pbontheviabilityofhepatomacellsusingtrypanblueandahemocytometer.IalsoworkedwithDr.Buggs,acolleagueofDr.Leff’s,toassemblearegionalcatalogofpediatricPbexposure(percentchildrenwithelevatedbloodleadlevels)incitiesandneighborhoodinMetroDetroitandinMichiganasawhole.WeobservedstrikinglocalandregionaldisparitiesintheprevalenceofpediatricPbexposure.

10.UnderstandingTeacherEvaluationsofStudents’AcademicPotentialJamillahDouthet,ErinMoss,andDavidM.Merolla,PhDFacultyMentor:DavidM.Merolla,PhD,WayneStateUniversity

Manyscholarshavearguedthatminorityandlowsocioeconomic(SES)studentsareperceivedaslesscapablethantheirwhiteandhighSEScounterpartsduetoimplicitbiasesonthepartofteachersandotherschoolpersonnel.In2001,theNoChildLeftBehindAct(nowknownasEveryStudentSucceedsAct)wasenactedwiththeintenttoensurethatallchildrenintheUnitedStatesobtainedanequaleducation-throughouttheyears,itbecameapparentthatwasnothappening.Manystudentsarestillleftbehind,particularlyminorityandlowSESstudents.Someresearchattributesthistoteachers'attitudestowardsstudents.However,therehasbeenlittleexperimentalresearchdoneonhowteachersperceiveminorityandlowSESstudentsandwhethertheyarelesswillingtoencouragethosestudentstopursueeducationbeyondhighschool.Thisresearchintendstofillthatgap,byexploringteachers’attitudestowardsminorityandlowSESstudents,andtheirwillingnesstoencouragethosestudentstogoontocollege.Throughanexperimentaldesign,thisstudyseekstodeterminehowrace,SES,andgendershapeteachers’perceptionsofstudents’capabilitiesandpotential.ItishypothesizedthatresultsfromthisstudywillshowabiastowardsminoritystudentsandthoseoflowSES.

11.HowEducationandReligioncorrespondstotheamountofPhysicalActivityperformedbyPregnantBlackWomenReliciousEboh,andDawnMisra,PhDFacultyMentor:DawnMisra,WayneStateUniversitySchoolofMedicine

AfricanAmericanwomenintheU.S.aremorelikelytodeliverpretermcomparedwithwhitewomen.Researchhasshownthatanincreaseinphysicalactivitymayreducetherateofpretermbirth.Socialfactors,whichincludeeducationandreligion,maybeassociatedwithphysicalactivityduringpregnancy.WeexaminedthelevelsofnonleisuretimephysicalactivityinAfricanAmericanpregnantwomeninrelationtotheirlevelofeducationandreligiousengagementinabirthcohortstudyofpretermbirthinBlackwomeninSouthfield,Michigan(N=1410;71%responserate)withinpersoninterviews.Wefocusedon“walkingforapurpose,”notaspartofanexerciseprogram,asonlyaverysmallproportionofwomendidanyexercise.Physicalactivitywasreportedasminutesperweekwalkingthatwasnotpartofanexerciseprogramanddichotomized(<30minutesperday“inactive”(62.9%);≥30minutes“active”(37.1%).Highestself-reportedlevelofeducationwascategorizedas:lessthanhighschool/highschooldiploma(16.4%),technicaltraining(11.8%),somecollegewithoutadegree(58.0%),≥associate’sdegree(13.7%).Religiousengagementwasmeasuredas4categoriesofprayer(never,0.5%;nottoooften,6.5%;often,23.2%;veryoften,63.7%).Alogisticregressionmodelwasusedtoestimatetheeffectofprayerfrequencyandeducationtogetheronthelikelihoodofwomenbeingphysicallyactive.Theoddsofbeingphysically“active”were0.60(0.36,0.99)timeslowerforthosewhoprayed“nottoooften”comparedwithotherprayerfrequencygroups.Theoddsofbeingphysicallyactivewere0.59(95%CI:0.37-0.95)timeslowerforthosewithtechnicaltrainingcomparedtoothereducationalgroups.OurresultssuggestthatsocialfactorscouldinfluencephysicalactivityamongAfricanAmericanwomenduringtheirpregnancy.

12.TheuseofmCherryfluorescenceproteintovisualizeprotein-proteininteractionsbetweenAilandPlaofYersiniapestisNourElYaman,JamalAlhabeil,andEricKrukonisFacultyMentor:Dr.EricKrukonis,UniversityofDetroitMercySchoolofDentistry

Yersiniapestisisthecausativeagentofplague,ahighlyfatalinfectiousdisease.AilandPlaaretwosurface-localizedproteinsthatcontributetodiseasebyfacilitydeliveryofcytotoxicproteinstohostcellsanddegradationoffibrinclotsviaPla’sproteolyticactivity.PreliminaryevidencesuggestsAilandPlamayformafunctionalcomplexleadingtomaximalproteolysisbyPla.ThemainfocusofourstudyistouseasplitofmCherryfluorescenceproteinsystemtovisualizepotentialAil/Plaprotein-proteininteractionsinY.pestis.mCherryisamonomericredfluorescentproteindevelopedforvisualizingprotein-proteininteractionsinlivingcells.mCherrycanbesplitintotwocomponentsatonlyfluorescewhenbroughttogetherbyinteractingfusionproteins.Previousstudiesfoundtheoptimalfusionfunctionstoberesidues1-159and160-237.ToassessAil/PlainteractionswearefusingPlatomCherryresidues1-159attheN-terminusandAiltoresidues160-237attheC-terminus.TheAil-mCherryhybridprotein,whileexpressed,doesnotmaintainAil’sbindingactivity.Thus,wehavedesigneda10-aminoacidlinkertoinsetbetweenAilandmCherryCTtoallowbetterflexibilityorfoldingofthetwoproteins.ConstructionofthemCherryNT-Plafusionrequiredmultiplestepsincluding:cloningmCherryNTadjacenttoPla,eliminationofanexistingEcoRIrestrictionsitebymutagenesisPCR,andfinallyinsertionofasecretionsignalsequencetoallowsurfaceexpressionofthemCherryNT-Plafusionprotein.ThefirsttwostepshavebeenaccomplishedandwearecurrentlyscreeningclonesforinsertionofthePlasignalsequence.Onceassembled,mCherryNT-Plawillbeassessedforproteolyticactivity.FollowingestablishmentofactiveAil-mCherryCTandmCherryNT-Plafusionproteins,thetwoproteinswillbeco-expressedinY.pestistodeterminetheabilityofAilandPlatointeractandrestoremCherryfluorescence.

13.ChildSleepPatternsandTheirImpactonDevelopmentOnLowSocioeconomicPopulationsSaraElhasanandMarjorieBeeghlyFacultyMentor:MarjorieBeeghly,WayneStateUniversity

Sleepstudieshavebecomeincreasinglyimportantforhealthacrossthelifespan,especiallyduringearlychildhoodwhenbraindevelopmentisatitsmostcriticalstage.Thecorrelatesofsleeparevastlyunderstudied,especiallyinlow-incomesamples.ThepresentstudyaddressesthepredictorsofsleeppatternsinchildrenfromlowsocioeconomicbackgroundsinthegreaterDetroitareaanditsimpactontheirlanguageandcognitivedevelopment.Itwashypothesizedthatchildrenwithlowsocioeconomicbackgroundsandhighfamilychaoswouldbesignificantlycorrelatedwithpoorsleeppatternsandthatthesefactorswouldbeassociatedwithpoorperformanceonthepsychometrictest,BayleyIII.Datawascollectedthroughmother-childinteractions,psychometrictesting,andquestionnaires,whichdetermineddemographics,sleeppatterns,andfamilyhomeenvironment(CHAOS).ThedatawasthenanalyzedbyStatisticalPackagefortheSocialSciences(SPSS),wherecorrelationsbetweendyadicinteractionconflict,cognitionandlanguagedevelopmentanddemographicswereestablished.Resultswouldsuggestthatthereisacorrelationbetweensleeppatternsandchildoutcomes,suchasdyadicconflictduringachallengingtaskandpsychometrictestscores.

14.DoSocialBehaviorsCorrelatewithCognitiveAbilitiesfromChildhoodtoEarlyAdulthood?Da'JonaeFoster,TiaraPerkins,MalloryFogus,DanaAnderson,DavidChenandNoaOfenFacultyMentor:Dr.NoaOfen,WayneStateUniversity

Inearlychildhoodsocialbehaviorproblemsarerelatedtoanindividual’scognitiveabilitysuchasmeasuredwithtestsandreportsofexecutivefunctions.However,itisunclearwhethersocialbehaviorscorrelatewithcognitiveabilitiesfromchildhoodtoearlyadulthood.Thisstudyisintendedtofillthegapbyassessinghowindividualdifferencesinsocialbehaviors,measuredwiththeChildBehaviorChecklist(CBCL)andtheBehaviorRatingInventoryofExecutiveFunction(BRIEF),arecorrelatedwithdifferencesincognitiveabilities,measuredwiththeWoodcockJohnsonIIITestsofCognitiveAbilities(WJIIICOG),inasampleof109participantsagedfrom5to20years.Inoursample,agenegativelycorrelatedwithtwospecificindicesofsocialbehaviorproblems,theBehaviorRegulationIndexinBRIEFandtheSocialProblemsScoreintheCBCL,suggestingthatsocialbehaviorsimprovefromchildhoodtoearlyadulthood.Inaddition,agepositivelycorrelatedwithspecificindicesofcognitiveability,thePairCancellationTotalCorrectScore,andtheVisualMatchingTotalCorrectScoreintheWJIIICOG,suggestingthatcognitiveabilitiesincreasefromchildhoodtoearlyadulthood.Interestingly,negativecorrelationswerefoundbetweentheBehaviorRegulationIndexandbothcognitiveabilityscores,aswellasbetweentheSocialProblemsScoreandbothcognitiveabilityscores.Thesefindingssuggestthatsocialbehaviorsshowstrongcorrelationswithcognitiveabilitiesfromchildhoodtoearlyadulthood.Discussionoflimitationsinthedatawillbeprovided.

15.TheYersiniapestisAdhesinAilEnhancesPlaProteaseActivityonMultipleSubstratesLizbethGarcia-Leon,ChristinaJones,DaliaAl-Alfe,JamalAlhabeilandEricS.KrukonisFacultyMentor:EricS.Krukonis,UniversityofDetroitMercySchoolofDentistry

Yersinia pestis,thecausativeagentoftheplague,cancause pneumonic,septicemic,andbubonicplague.Forplaguetooccur,cytotoxicYopproteinsfromY.pestismustbedeliveredtohostcells,blockingnormalcellfunctionsandimmuneresponses.TwooutermembraneproteinsofY.pestis,AilandPla,mediatebindingtohost(human)cellsandcanfacilitateYopdelivery.Ailalsoconfersresistancetohumanserum.PreviousstudiesshowedthepresenceofAilenhancestoabilityofthePlaprotease/adhesintocleaveoneofitsnaturalsubstrates,plasminogen.WesoughttodeterminewhetherAilcontributestoPla-mediatedcleavageofothersubstrates.Y.pestis expressingPlawithorwithoutAilwasmixedwithnormalhumanserumortwopurifiedserum proteins FactorHandvitronectin(Vn),thatcontributeserumresistance.Proteindegradationby Pla wasfollowedinboththesupernatantandonthebacterialsurfaceusingWesternblotanalysis.PlawasabletodegradeFactorHandVninhumanserumoraspurifiedproteinsandthedegradationofFactorHwasenhancedinthepresenceofAil.Usingatime-coursedegradationassay,thelevelofproteolysiswasassessedover60-minutesandtheleveloffull-lengthvs.cleavedproteinswasquantified.InthisassayFactorHwasdegradedbywild-typeY.pestisexpressingPlaandAilto7-13%at30minutes(relativeto0minutes)andonly2-5%offulllengthproteinremainedat60minutes.ForthestrainexpressingPlabutnoAil(Δail)slowerdegradationwasobservedwith25-33%fulllengthFactorHremainingat30minutesand10-24%remainingat60minutes.MinimalproteindegradationwasobservedintheabsenceofPla.ThisindicatesthatAilisrequiredformaximalPla-mediatedcleavageofFactorH.TheimpactofAilonPla-mediatedcleavageofVnwaslessclearasVnwasnotcleavedbyPlainthesupernatantunderconditionstested.FutureworkwilladdresstheroleofAilincleavageofVnbyPlausingextendedtimepoints.

16.TheeffectofdreissenidsonthebiodiversityofbenthicmacroinvertebratesGabrielleGordon,DarrinHuntandDr.DonnaKashianFacultyMentor:DarrinHuntandDr.DonnaKashian,WayneStateUniversity

TheGreatLakescontainmorethan20%oftheworld’sfreshwater.HumanactivityhassignificantlyalteredMichigan’saquaticbiome.Industrializationandinvasivespecieshavechangedboththeformandfunctionofourripariansystems.Long-lastingpollutants,calledlegacycontaminants,releasedintotheGreatLakessincetheindustrialrevolution,havehadlastingeffects.Industrializationalsofacilitatedtheuseofwaterwaysashigh-trafficpassages,introducingtheinvasivezebramussel,Dreissenapolymorpha,intheballastofaship.TheeffectofalteredwaterchemistryandinvasivespeciesonthenativeinhabitantsoftheGreatLakescanbeexaminedthroughanevaluationofmacroinvertebratepopulations.Theprimaryobjectiveofthisresearchwastodetermineifthepresenceofshellsleftbehindbydeadzebramusselsaffectmacroinvertebratebiodiversity.ToaccomplishthisIcomparedbiodiversitybetweentwodifferentsites,oneintheHuronWatershed,andtheotherintheRougeWatershedimpactedbyinvasivezebramussels.Ifoundnodirectcorrelationbetweenthepresencesofdreissenidshellsanddecreasedbenthicbiodiversity.

17.Whatistherelationshipbetweenelectronicmedicalrecordsscreeningtools/proceduresandscreeningfordomesticviolence?EmilyGorkiewiczandTheresaR.Wyatt,PhD,RNFacultyMentor:TheresaR.Wyatt,UniversityofDetroitMercy

DomesticViolence(DV)isaserioushealthandsocialproblemintheUnitedStates,causingbothshortandlongtermhealthconsequences.With1in3womenand1in4menreportingexperienceswithDV,nursesareinapositiontoscreen,educate,andinterveneduringhealthcarevisits,yetscreeningratesfordomesticviolencearelow.ThismaydirectlyimpactthevictimsofDVastheymayfeelisolatedandbeunawareofresourcesavailabletothem.WithDVbeingsuchauniqueongoinghealthcareproblem,itiscrucialthathealthcareprovidersareprovidedwitheffectiveDVscreeningtools.ThisstudyseekstounderstandiftheEMRaffectsthescreeningforDV.ThepurposeofthisstudyistounderstandhowthenursingadmissionassessmentsandscreeningquestionsforDVaredevelopedorchosenforinclusionintheEMR.Inaddition,thestudywillincludeinformationonmeasuresthehospitalstaketoscreenforDV.Thestudywilllookintowhattypesofquestionseachhospitalhasforscreening,alongwithwhattypesofadditionalmeasurestheytakesuchas,DVpatienthandouts,automatedreferralpromptsforpositivescreens.ThemethodahospitalutilizestoscreenforDVandthefollow-upmeasurestakenpostscreeningmayprovideinsightintothebarrierstoscreeningaswellastargetareasforimprovementinscreeningbehaviors.

18.ReconstructionofPhotoacousticSignalsusingaLowCostDAQChristopherHarness,AfreenFatimaandMohammadrezaNasiriavanakiFacultyMentor:MohammadrezaNasiriavanaki,WayneStateUniversity

Biomedicaltechnologiesfocusedonmeasurementrelyontheprocessofdataacquisitionwhenobtaininganyelectricalorphysicalsamplestohelpconveyaproperdiagnosisforusers.Dataacquisitionsystems(DAQ/DAS)aredevicesthattakeanydetecteddatafromtransducersorsensors(voltages,currents,etc.)andconvertsthemintodigitalsignalstobeviewedinaspecifiedapplication.MostDAQ,whenbeingusedinthesebiomedicaltechnologies,areabletoobtainmillionsofsampledatapointspersecond,generatingsmoothandaccuratewaveforms.Thisresearchfocusesonthetestingofalow-costDAQ,theBeagleBoneBlack,inregardstoitssamplingrateandwaveformgenerationwhencomparedtoacommercialoscilloscope.Testingtheaccuracyofthewaveformscreatestheopportunityofdevelopingaffordablebiomedicaltechnologies,i.e.ultrasoundsystems,forcommercialuse.

19.OutcomesinBereavedDementiaCaregivers:ASystematicReviewNailahHenry,DazjaJones,Dr.MitziSaundersandDr.CarlaGrohFacultyMentor:Dr.CarlaGroh,UniversityofDetroitMercy

Objective:Whilemuchisknownaboutdementiacaregiving,lessisknownaboutthecaregiverwhenthecaregivingends.Evidencesuggests,however,thereisaconnectionbetweenthecaregivingexperienceandhowonetransitionsintowidowhood.Wesystematicallyreviewedtheexistingstudiesonthetransitionfromdementiacaregivingtobereavement.Methods:Wesearchedfivedatabasesthatresultedin305studiesretrievedwith18meetingpredeterminedcriteria.Results:Arangeoftrajectoriesforbereavedcaregiverswerenoted.Depressionincreasesimmediatelypostdeathandthendeclinesovertimeforthemajorityofcaregivers.However,depressionremainshighforasubgroupofcaregiversforupto3yearspost-deathwithanywherefrom6%to20%experiencingcomplicatedgrief.Althoughpsychologicalhealthimprovesforasignificantnumberofcaregivers,physicalhealthtakeslongertoshowimprovement.Factorsthatimpactthetransitioninclude:gender,relationshiptocarerecipient,caregiverburden,income,andeducation.Limitationsofthestudiesinclude:homogenoussamples(White,educated,highincome,urbanpopulations),lackofanalysisofcaregiversubgroups(i.e.spousevs.adultchild),focusonmentaloverphysicalhealthoutcomes,andlimitednumberofinterventionstudies.Conclusions:Futurestudiesshouldinclude(1)morediversesamples;(2)analysesofoutcomesbycaregivergroup(i.e.spouse,adultchild,other);(3)morephysicalhealthoutcomes;(4)ruralpopulations;and(5)evaluationofresourcesand/orinterventions.

20.TheImpactofTraumaticBrainInjuriesonCognitionandLearningUsingDrosophilaMelanogasterAliIssa,EktaShaw,JordanHolloway,KatherineGurdzielandDouglasRudenFacultyMentor:DouglasRuden,WayneStateUniversity

Neurologicaldamageanddeathiscommonlyseeninpeoplewithtraumaticbraininjuries(TBI).Suchbraininjuriescanbefoundinpeoplewhowentthroughvehicularandsportingaccidentsandinmilitarypersonnel.WeareusingDrosophilamelanogaster(fruitfly)asamodeltostudytheeffectofTBIhasoncognitionandlearning.Drosophilashareabout75%ofgenesthatcausediseaseinhumansandhavebeenusedpreviouslytomodelhumanAlzheimer’sandParkinson’sdisease.TBIisinflictedinfliesusingahigh-impacttrauma(HIT)devicetocauseclosedheadinjuries.FliessubjectedtoHITshowtemporaryincapacitationandataxiasimilarsymptomstohumansafteraclosedheadinjury.WeareusingDrosophilaActivityMonitortomeasurechangesincircadianrhythmandlocomotoractivityaswellasY-mazestoobserveflylearningandmemoryafterTBI.WeexpecttoshowthatlearninginfliesisimpairedafterTBI.

21.ReactionratesofPlatinumCompoundsMarcelJones,BettKimutaiandDr.ChristineChowFacultyMentor:Dr.ChristineChow,WayneState

Cancerisadiseasethatinvolvesuncontrolledcelldivision,whichusuallyinterfereswiththefunctionoforgansandeventuallyleadstodeath.IntheChowlab,weareinterestedinimprovingtheefficacyofaknowncancerdrugcisplatinthatiscurrentlyusedtotreattesticular,ovarian,andafewotherspecifictypesofcancer.Patientsexperiencesideeffectssuchaslossofhair,weightreduction,andnephrotoxicity.Becauseoftherisksbehindusingcisplatin,wearealteringthecompoundbychangingtheligandsthatarelinkedtotheplatinumcenter.Thelong-termgoalofthislabistoreducethetoxicityofcisplatin,whileincreasingitspotency.Alaplatinisananalogueofcisplatinthatisboundtotheaminoacidalanine.MyworkinvolvedkineticmeasurementswithalaplatinandDNA/RNAnucleosidesinordertounderstandthereactivityofthisnewcompoundincomparisontootheraminoacid-linkedcisplatinanalogues.ThemaintechniquesemployedwereHighPerformanceLiquidChromatography(HPLC)andcurvefittinganalysisinordertoobtainpseudo-first-orderrateconstants.Thisworkmayeventuallyleadtoalternativecompoundsthathavealteredreactivitycomparedtocisplatin.Thisapproachwouldbeusefulindevelopingplatinumcompoundsthatarelesstoxicandmorepotentthancisplatin.

22.IdentificationofnewsubstratesfortheYersiniapestisoutermembraneproteasePlaandtheroleofAilinPla-mediatedcleavageChristinaE.Jones,LizbethGarcia,DaliaAl-AlfeandEricS.KrukonisFacultyMentor:Dr.EricKrukonis,UniversityofDetroitMercySchoolofDentistry

Yersiniapestis,thecausativeagentofplague,utilizesplasminogenactivator(Pla)toactivatethehost’scirculatingplasminogenintoplasminviaproteolysisaswellasadheretoextracellularmatrix(ECM)proteinsandhostcells.Pla-mediatedcelladhesioncanalsofacilitatedeliveryofcytotoxicYopproteinstohostcellsviaatype3secretionsystem(T3SS).AnotherY.pestisoutermembraneprotein,Ail,alsoadherestohostcellsandenhancesYopdeliveryaswellasprovidesserumresistance.PreviousstudieshaveshownAilalsofacilitatesPla-mediatedcleavageofplasminogenbyanunknownmechanism.WehypothesizethatAilandPlamayfunctionasamolecularcomplextobindandthencleavemultipleproteinsubstratesduringaplagueinfection.AilbindstheECMproteinslaminin(Ln)andfibronectin(Fn)whilePlabindsLn,Fn,andcollagenIV.PlaalsocleavestheapoptoticsignalingmoleculeFasligand(FasL).ToinvestigatetheroleofAilinfacilitatingPlabindingandcleavageofmultiplesubstrates,Y.pestisstrainsexpressingbothPlaandAil,eitherproteinalone(ΔailorΔpla)orneitherprotein(ΔailΔpla)weremixedwitheachoffoursubstrates(Ln,Fn,collagenIV,andFasL)andPla-mediatedproteolysiswasmonitoredusingWesternblotanalysis.WefoundneitherLnnorcollagenIViscleavedbyPla,eventhoughbothproteinsareboundbyPla,suggestingthesesubstrateslackaproteolyticcleavagesiteforPla.FnwasboundbybothAilandPlaandPlacleavedFninatime-dependentfashion.Thiswasdemonstratedusingatimecourseproteolysisassayencompassingthetimepoints0,15,30,and60minutes.ThesetimecoursestudiesalsorevealedlittletonoinfluenceofAilonPla-mediateddegradationofFn.EarlyresultsindicateAilisunabletobindFasL,butfurtherexperimentsarerequiredtodeterminewhetherAilinfluencestheabilityofPlatodegradeFasL.Inconclusion,wehaveidentifiedonenewproteolyticsubstrateofPla,Fn,andhavedemonstratedthatAildoesnotinfluencetherateofFndegradationbyPla;OngoingstudieswillassessthecontributionofAiltoFasLcleavage.

23.LigandSynthesisforPlatinumDrugsWaymanJones,AdamFraeyman,KseniaProvidokhinaandKlausFriedrichFacultyMentor:KlausFriedrich,UniversityofDetroitMercy

Platinumcompoundslikecisplatinareanessentialpartofnowadayscombinationchemotherapytreatingcancer.ThecompoundscrosslinkDNA,thusleadingtocelldeath.Duetothehighgrowthratesoftumorcellsthisinducedcelldeathimpactscancercellsthemost.Whilemanypatientsexhibithighinitialresponsivenesstotreatment,eventuallymanyalsorelapseduetocisplatin-resistanceofthecancers.Thereasonsforthisresistancearenotwellunderstood;theeventualfailureofthedrugposesamajorhurdletosuccessfulcancertreatment.Inthisproject,newaminoacid-derivedplatinumcompoundswillbesynthesizedandtestedincell-basedassaysthatallowforobservationofDNAcrosslinkingincells,theisolationandcharacterizationoftheadductsandtheoptimizationofphysiologicalandpharmacologicalparametersgoverningcelluptake,adductformationandcelldeath.Gaininginsightintotheseaspectswillmakeitpossibletofocusdruguptakeoncancerouscells,thusreducingsomeofthesideeffectsandalsotooutmaneuversomeofthedefensesofcancercellsagainstmedicallyinducedapoptosis.

24.ApplicationofDNANanotechnology:Rolling-Circle-AmplificationProducts(RCP)asDrugDeliverySystemBiancaJones,CameronMiller,OskarFranchandDr.BirgittaKnudsenFacultyMentor:Dr.BirgittaKnudsen,AarhusUniversity

Theapplicationofnanotechnologywithinpharmaceuticsaswellasbiomedicinehavegreatlycontributedintheadvancementofdrugdeliverysystems.Theuseofnanoparticlessuchasliposomes,micelles,andbiodegradablepolymervesicleshavebeenfavoredbutposeriskduetotheirexogenousnature.AbeneficialapproachtothisproblemistheincorporationofDNAnanoflowers(NFs)asadrugdeliverytool.UseofNFsprovideresearcherswithbiocompatibility,programmability,highdrug-loadingcapacityandacidicconformationalchangesfortoxinrelease.Morespecificallythisresearchaimstobattlelysosomalmalfunctionssuchasinfectiousdiseases,neurodegenerativediseases,andinflammationconditionswhichmayefficientlyreceivethetoxinsviaDNANFs.

25.OutcomesinBereavedDementiaCaregivers:ASystematicReviewMitziSaunders,DazjaJones,NailahHenryandCarlaGrohFacultyMentor:MitziSaunders,UDM

Objective:Whilemuchisknownaboutdementiacaregiving,lessisknownaboutthecaregiverwhenthecaregivingends.Evidencesuggests,however,thereisaconnectionbetweenthecaregivingexperienceandhowonetransitionsintowidowhood.Wesystematicallyreviewedtheexistingstudiesonthetransitionfromdementiacaregivingtobereavement.Methods:Wesearchedfivedatabasesthatresultedin305studiesretrievedwith18meetingpredeterminedcriteria.Results:Arangeoftrajectoriesforbereavedcaregiverswerenoted.Depressionincreasesimmediatelypostdeathandthendeclinesovertimeforthemajorityofcaregivers.However,depressionremainshighforasubgroupofcaregiversforupto3yearspost-deathwithanywherefrom6%to20%experiencingcomplicatedgrief.Althoughpsychologicalhealthimprovesforasignificantnumberofcaregivers,physicalhealthtakeslongertoshowimprovement.Factorsthatimpactthetransitioninclude:gender,relationshiptocarerecipient,caregiverburden,income,andeducation.Limitationsofthestudiesinclude:homogenoussamples(White,educated,highincome,urbanpopulations),lackofanalysisofcaregiversubgroups(i.e.spousevs.adultchild),focusonmentaloverphysicalhealthoutcomes,andlimitednumberofinterventionstudies.Conclusions:Futurestudiesshouldinclude(1)morediversesamples;(2)analysesofoutcomesbycaregivergroup(i.e.spouse,adultchild,other);(3)morephysicalhealthoutcomes;(4)ruralpopulations;and(5)evaluationofresourcesand/orinterventions.

26.Dr.KathleenZimmerman-OsterandAnnaJulienFacultyMentor:Dr.KathleenZimmerman-Oster,UDM

AbstractTheSocialChangeModel(SCM)wasdesignedtohelpintegratestudentleadershipvaluesandskillstopromotesociallyresponsibleleadership,self-knowledge,andpositivechangeamongstudentleaders.TheMulti-InstitutionalStudyofLeadership(MSL)surveyscollegeanduniversitystudentsinternationallytoassesstheimpactofcollegeexperienceandleadershipdevelopmentinitiativesonstudents.Thisinformationisintendedtoenhanceknowledgeregardingyouthleadershipdevelopmentinordertoenhanceprogrammingtoeducatemoredependableandsociallyresponsibleleadersinhighereducation.TheMSLassessesthetheoreticalframeworkoftheSCManditsapplication.TheSCMiscomposedofseveralcomponentsthatarecrucialindevelopingstudentleadershipcapacity.MeasuringtheseSCMcomponentsviatheMSLcanassiststudentsandtheirinstitutionstoimproveandfacilitatepositivesocialchangeindividuallyandwithintheirinstitutionorcommunity.Thesevenvalues/skillsoftheSCMincludeconsciousnessofself,congruence,commitment,collaboration,controversywithcivility,andcitizenship,andareeachmeasuredusinga5-pointscale.Thisstudyanalyzesstudents’meanoutcomesoftheSCMcomponentsbeforecollegeversussenioryear,usingthedeltameasureorchangeovertime.Morespecifically,thisstudywilllookatUniversityofDetroitMercyseniors’SCMoutcomesinrelationtostudents’participationinstudentengagement.Thegoalofthestudyistodetermineifstudentswhoparticipateinstudentgroups,leadershipdevelopmentopportunities,andoverallcampusengagementachievehigherSCMoutcomescomparedtostudentswhodonotparticipate.Inaddition,longitudinalcomparisonsacrossmultiplewavesofstudentdatacollectedatalllevelsofeducation(freshman,sophomore,junior,andsenior)in2009,2012,2015willbeexaminedtoindicatetheimpactofuniversityprogrammingofferedundertheauspicesoftheInstituteforLeadershipandServiceovertime.

27.1,2-Dihydropyridinesassyntheticbuildingblocks.E.Jurado,B.CurtisandW.ArceFacultyMentor:KlausFriedrich,UniversityofDetroitMercy

Depression,addictionandmanyotherneurologicaldisordershavebeenlinkedtochemicalimbalanceswithinthecentralnervoussystem.Overthepast30years,anumberofthesedisordershavebeenassociatedwithderailedglutamatetransport.Glutamateisanimportantneurotransmitterandactsviaionotropicandmetabotropicreceptors,whicharewidelydistributedthroughoutthecentralnervoussystem.Allostrericmodulationhasbecomeanimportanttherapeuticvenuebecauseofthepotentiallyhighspecificityofthemodulatorsandtheirwell-definedaction.NAMs(NegativeAllostericModulators)down-regulatetheresponsetriggeredbyorthostericbinding;oneobjectiveofthisprojectistosynthesizemolecularscaffoldsthatarecapableofpenetratingtheblood-brainbarrierwhilecarryingligandsknownfortheirinteractionwithallostericbindingsites.Thesyntheticpathwaystartswithdihydropyridinesthatareconvertedtocage-likestructuresinspiredbythepsychoactivenaturalproductibogaine.

28.ExploringHealthBehaviorsamongAfricanAmericanwomenNemaKebbehFacultyMentor:Dr.DawnMisra,WayneStateUniversity

PretermbirthisoneoftheleadingcausesofinfantmortalityintheUnitedStates.AfricanAmericanwomenaremorelikelythanwomenofotherracialandethnicgroupstodeliverpreterm.Thereasonsforthisdisparityarelargelyunknown.StressmaybeanimportantriskfactormoreprevalentinAfrican-Americanwomenaswellasalackofhealthcareandpoorhealthpriortopregnancy.Inthisstudy,weexaminedtheassociationbetweenperceivedstressinpregnancyandawoman’sreportofhavingaregularmedicalproviderpriortoherpregnancy.Eitherofthesefactorsmaybeamarkerforincreasedriskofpretermbirthand/orfactorthatcanbemodifiedtoreduceriskofpretermbirth.Datawerederivedfromaretrospectivecohortstudyof1364AfricanAmericanmothersinterviewedintheimmediatepostpartumhospitalizationaspartoftheLifeCourseInfluencesonFetalEnvironments(LIFE)studyconductedintheDetroitMetropolitanarea.WeusedtheCohen’sperceivedstressscalequestionstomeasurestressandayes/noquestiontomeasurewhetherwomenhadamedicalproviderbeforepregnancy.Womenwhoreportednothavingamedicalproviderpriortopregnancywere1.49timesmorelikely(or49%morelikely)toreportperceivedstresslevelsabovethemedianduringpregnancycomparedtowomenwithaprovider.ToreducetherateofpretermamongAfricanAmericanwomen,riskfactorssuchasstress,lackofaccesstohealthcare,andthewoman’spreconceptionhealthmustbeaddressed.

29.ManipulatingGeneExpressiontoMakeNewDiscoveriesShyyaanKhanandPenelopeHiggsFacultyMentor:PenelopeHiggs,WayneStateUniversity

Geneexpressionisvitaltoalllivingorganismsbecauseofitsroleofencodingproteins,whichultimatelyencodescellfunction.Bymanipulatinggeneexpression,scientistscanobserveitseffectsandmakeconclusionsabouttheimportanceofcertaingenes.Duringthisexperiment,ourgoalwastooverexpressaWUSgene,whichwasoriginallyinacloningplasmidgiventousbyDr.EdwardGolenberg’sLab,inthepET24vector.Tobeginourprocedure,wePCRamplifiedtheWUSgenethen,usingrestrictionenzymesBamHIandXhoI,cuttheoriginalpET24vectorandthePCRproductandligatedthemin“Vectorplusinsert”and“Vectoronly”reactions.BothwerethentransformedintoE.coliTop10,PCRscreenedtoidentifywhichvectorshadtheWUSgeneinsertedintothem,purified[pSK001],transformedintoBL21λDE3E.coli,andtestedforT7WUSproteinoverexpressionandsolubility.Finally,weattemptedtopurifytheT7WUSprotein.WefoundthatT7WUSproteinwasoverexpressedandsolublefroma5mlcultureofourBL21λDE3E.coli.thatwasinducedfor2hours,butwasnotoverexpressedina500mlcultureofBL21λDE3E.colithatwasinducedovernight.Also,ourproteinpurificationofa250mlcultureofBL21λDE3E.coliwasunsuccessfulasmostoftheT7WUSproteinconsistedofinsolubleinclusionbodies.UsingournewlyconstructedpSK001plasmid,Dr.GolenbergwillbeabletoobservehowtheoverexpressionoftheWUSgenehasoncertaincellsandorganisms.

30.TheEffectsofSmokingMarijuanaVanessaLeeandDr.MollyMcClellandFacultyMentor:Dr.MollyMcClelland,UniversityofDetroitMercy

Purpose:ThepurposeofthisprojectwastodoasystematicreviewofcurrentpublishedresearchrelatingtophysiologicalandbehavioraleffectsofMarijuanause.Methods:PUBMED,CIHNAILandPROQUESTsearchengineswereusedtofindstudiespublishedbetween2010-2017relatingtotheeffectsofMarijuanause.Thefollowingtermswereincludedinthesearch:cannabis,cannabinoid(s),marijuanaabuse,marijuanasmoking,pharmacologicalactions,andphysiologicaleffects.196articleswereinitiallyreviewed,butonly27articlesmettheestablishedcriteriaforthisreview.AlleligiblestudiespresentedoriginalresearchdataandwerewritteninEnglish.Results:Allstudiesfoundphysiologicaland/orbehavioralchangesinpersonsusingmarijuana.Someofthephysiologicalchangesincluded;increasedheartrate,dizziness,decreasedskintemperature,increasedbrainactivity,carbondioxideretention,decreasedsenseofsmell,increasedappetiteandslowerreactiontimes.Somebehavioralchangesincluded;psychomotormalfunctions,decreaseddecisionmakingtime,reducedanxiety,inabilitytorecognizefearorangerinothers,impairedshort-termmemoryrecall,increasedriskysexualbehaviors,andparanoia.Severalstudiesfounduserswhoonlysmokedoccasionallystilldevelopedatolerancetotheeffectsofmarijuanabutpeoplewhosmokedmorefrequentlyweremorelikelytoexperienceincreaseddeleterioushealtheffects.Conclusions:MarijuanaisthemostwidelyusedrecreationaldrugsintheUnitedStates.Often,peoplemisperceivesmokingmarijuanaashavingfewernegativehealtheffectscomparedtosmokingtobaccocigarettes.Furtherresearchisneededtodiscoverthepotentiallong-termadverseeffectsofsmokingmarijuana.Additionally,moreresearchonediblemarijuanaisneededcomparingittosmokingorvaporizationofmarijuanaaswell.Thenegativepsychologicalandbehavioraleffectsofmarijuanauseoutweighthebeneficialoutcomes.Sincethelegalizationofmarijuana,itisrapidlybecomingacommonrecreationdrug.Peopleshouldbeawareoftheconsequencesofmarijuanauseandbecomeeducatedonitspotentiallyharmfuleffects.

31.DevelopmentofSimplerWalkingCodeforaLower-BodyExoskeletonLi,Yuyi;Zhou,YangandChen,ChaoyangFacultyMentor:ChaoyangChen,WayneStateUniversity

TheWayneStateRoboticRehabilitationLabisdevelopinganelectronicsystemthatambulatesafourlimblowerbodyexoskeletonprototype.Currently,fiveprototypeboards(Arduino)areconnectedinamaster-slaveconfiguration.Onemasterboardsendscommandstotheslaveboards.Theslaveboardsexecutetheappropriatemovementforeachlimb.Intheprototypingprocess,reducedcomplexityofadesignallowsquickertroubleshootingandrevision.ThefollowingprojectinvestigateswhetherasingleArduino-basedboardcanconsistentlyambulatealowerbodyexoskeleton.Awalkingalgorithmwillbedevelopedforthesingleboardandtestedonasmallexoskeleton.Positionsensorswillbeusedtomeasurethejointanglesofthesmallexoskeleton.Twohypotheseswillbetested:1.thejointanglesofthefourlimbsinawalkingmotionareconsistentovertimeand2.thejointanglesofthefourlimbsarecomparabletoresultsfromprevioushumangaitanalysisresearch.

32.Propyleneglycolanti-freezeeffectsonDreissenabugensiswithrelationstocontaminationpreventionsAlejandroLozano,KarimAlameandDonnaKashianFacultyMentor:DonnaKashian,WayneStateUniversity

Dreissenabugensis(quaggamussels)isnon-indigenousinvasivespeciesthatinhabitstheGreatLakes,andinpartduetoitsabilitytorapidlyreproduceandoutcompetenativespecies,ithascausedmajorenvironmentalandeconomicimpacts.TheestablishmentofthequaggamusselsintheGreatLakesservesasanexampleoftheimportanceoftakingmeasurestopreventawidespreadincreaseinotherbodiesofwater.Thefocusoftheexperimentistoevaluatetheeffectsthatpropyleneglycolanti-freezehasonadultandveliger(larval)musselswhenexposedtoachosenperiodoftimeandprovidesufficientevidencetoconsideritasasolutiontodisinfectingthehullofvesselstopreventspreading.Toevaluatethis,Iconductedexperimentstodeterminewhatexposurewastoxictobothadultsandveligers.Acutetest,24hours,wereconductedtoprovidesuitabletreatmentconcentrationstobeusedinthechronictest(6days)todeterminemortalityratesata25%,10%,5%,2.5%,and1%solutionsforveligerswhile20%,12.5%,10%,7.5%,and5%wereusedtodetermineadultsmortality.TheveligerswerecollectedfromtheDetroitRiverandbroughtbacktothelaboratoryandtheninsertedintoawellplatewithdifferentconcentrationswhilebeingobservedunderaninvertedmicroscope.Inaseparateexperiment,adultmusselswereplacedintojarswithdifferentconcentrationsandthenwereobservedforanyindicationsoffatalities.Theresultsfromboththeacuteandchronicveligerstestgaveaffirmationthattheanti-freezewasimmediatelyeffectiveatconcentrationsof25%andhigherwhichresultedina100%mortalityrate.Thetestonadultmusselsalsoshowedsimilarresultswitha100%mortalityrateat20%concentrationforboththeacuteandchronictest.Theuseofanti-freeze,ata25%concentration,asahulldisinfectanttopreventquaggamusselspreadshouldresultinthedeathsofanyquaggamusselsthatmaytravelinvesselsalongdifferentbodiesofwater.Boatsequippedwithanti-freezeshouldbelessconcernedwithpossiblecontaminations.

33.DoesKIBRAGenotypeAffectMemoryPerformanceandBrainActivityinOlderAdults?SukriaMalique,ZacFernandez,JessicaHayes,PatrickPruittandJessicaDamoiseauxFacultyMentor:JessicaDamoiseaux,WayneStateUniversity,InstituteofGerontology

Memorydeteriorationoftenaccompaniesaging,butthebiologicalbasisofthisprocessisnotyetwellunderstood.Asinglenucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)oftheKIBRAgene(inwhichaC-alleleissubstitutedforaT-allele)hasbeenlinkedtomemoryperformance(Papassotiropoulosetal.,2006)potentiallythroughtheroleoftheKIBRAproteininsynapticplasticity(Heitzetal.,2016).CChomozygotestendtodemonstratepoorermemoryperformancethanT-allelecarriers,thoughpreviousinvestigationsofgroupdifferenceshavefoundmixedresultsregardingbothmemoryperformance(Needetal.,2008)andresponseofmemory-relatedbrainregions(Kauppietal.,2014).GiventhelinkbetweenKIBRAandmemory,aswellasthecriticalimportanceofunderstandingaging-relatedmemorydeterioration,thisstudyseekstoinvestigatedifferencesinmemoryperformanceandmemory-relatedbrainactivitybetweenolderadultKIBRAT-carriersandCChomozygotes.Fifty-onehealthy,elderlyparticipants(34T-carriersand17CChomozygotes)performedavisualmemoryencodingtaskduringfMRIacquisition,followedbymemoryretrievaloutsidethescanner.ResultsshowthatthereisnosignificantdifferencebetweentheolderadultT-carriersandCChomozygotesinbrainresponsetomemoryencoding.Inaddition,thereisnodifferencebetweenthegroupsinmemoryaccuracy.Overall,ourfindingsdonotsupportthepreviousliteraturethatfoundsignificantdifferenceinmemoryperformanceandbrainresponsebetweenKIBRACChomozygotesandT-carriers.FuturestudiesshouldinvestigatehowtheinfluenceofKIBRAgenotypeonmemoryencodinginolderadultsisdifferentiallyaffectedbystimulustype(e.g.visual,verbal,auditory).

34.ExpressionofNovelE1-E6CAPZA2-METFusionProteininGlioblastomaBrainTumorsMargaretE.MartinezandTamiaM.WallerFacultyMentor:Dr.AnadeCarvalho,WayneStateUniversityandHenryFordHospital

Glioblastoma(GBM)isthemostaggressiveprimarycentralnervoussystemtumor.Long-termsurvivalforGBMpatientsisrare;thegeneticsofGBMtumorsisheterogeneous.TheoncogeneMETisover-amplifiedin4%ofGBMcasessubmittedtoTheCancerGenomeAtlas(TCGA),which,inhealthycells,codesforamembranereceptortyrosinekinaseinvolvedinembryogenesisandwoundrepair.ActivationofMETinGBMsmaycontributetoproliferation,survival,andinvasionofcancercells.PreviousresearchidentifiedandsequencedthreedifferentMETfusionstotheadjacentgeneCAPZA2.Thesefusionswerediscoveredintwopatient-derivedGBMcelllines(HF3035andHF3077)thatpresentedanover-amplificationofMET.ThegoalofourresearchwastodrivetheexclusiveexpressionofthenovelfusionproteinCAPZA2(E1)toMET(E6)toobservethestabilityandlocationinaPDXmodel.MethodsincludedtransformationviapcDNA3.1(+)mammalianexpressionvectorintoNEB5-alphaE.colicells,followedbythetransfectionofourplasmidfrombacteriaintotheprimarycelllineHF3253,acelllinewithlowlevelsofendogenousMET.Furthermore,immunohistochemistrystainingofthetransfectedHF3253cellswasdonetodeterminethepresenceandlocationoftheMETfusion.Wepredictthat,ifpresent,theresultingMETfusiontranscriptisstableandresultsinagainoffunction,conferringasurvivaladvantageandmakingitapossibledrug-therapytarget.ThisresearchcancontributetopotenttherapyplanstofightGBMandothercancersthatutilizeMETover-amplificationandmutation.

35.InsideLook:TransitionfromChildtoAdultHealthcareServicesforAfricanAmericanAdolescentswithType1DiabetesShelbiMatlockandDr.PatriciaRouenFacultyMentor:PariciaRouen,UniversityofDetroitMercy

Background/Significance:Diabetesmellitus(DM)isachronicconditionintheUnitedStatesthataffects29.1millionpersons,approximately9.3%ofthepopulation.Diabetesisadebilitatingdisease,inwhichthebodyeithercannotproduceinsulin(knownastype1DM)orcannotproperlyusetheinsulinitproduces(knownastype2DM).Diabetesleadstohighbloodsugarlevels,which,ifimproperlyorunder-managed,candamagetovitalorgans,bloodvesselsandnervesovertime(DiabetesCare,2017).Themajorityoftype2DMoccursinadults,manyofwhomareobeseandaccountsfor90%ofallDMcases,whereastype1DMoccursprimarilyinchildrenandyoungadultsandaccountsfor10%ofdiabetesprevalence,orabout5millionperson.Theprevalenceoftype1DMisrisingwitha21%increaseinthenumbersofcasesfrom2001-2009inpersonsunderage20(JuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation,2016).CaucasiansaremostoftenaffectedwithfewAfricanAmericanandHispanics;malesarethemostcommongroupdiagnosedwithtype1DM.Type1DMrequiresthedailyadministrationofinsulintofacilitateglucoseuptakeintotissuestoensureadequatemetabolismalongwithintermittentorcontinuousglucosemonitoringeveryday.Specialistsinpediatricendocrinologymanagetype1diabetesfromdiagnosistoage18-21years,whenchildrenandadolescentsarealsosupportedbyparents.Asthosewithtype1DMtransitiontoyoungadulthood,theyoftenarerequiredtotransitiontoadultcareproviders.ProblemStatement:Thetransitionphasefromchildtoadulthealthcareservicesinyoungadultswithtype1diabetesisoftendifficult.Priorstudiesshowthatposttransfertoadultcare,thoseyoungadultswithtype1DMfailtoattendfollowupmedicalappointments,havesub-optimalglucosecontrolandexperienceadverseoutcomessuchashospitalizations.Limitedliteraturediscussesthisissueandhasbeenprimarilyconductedwithmalepopulationswithlimitednumbersoffemalepatients.Researchisneededtodevelopstrategiesthathelpyoungfemaleadultsadapttotheirtransitiontodiabetescarewithanadultendocrinologist.Methods:Weproposetoconductandexploratoryresearchproject(survey,focusgroupinterviews)withdiversefemalepatientswithtype1DMages18to26yearstouncoverthechallengesandbarrierswiththetransitionfrompediatrictoadultcareandanevaluationofdiabetesrelatedoutcomesinthisagegroupsuchasglucosecontrol,attendanceatofficevisitsandadverseclinicalanddevelopmentaloutcomes.Thisprojectwillbedevelopedandimplementedoverthenext12months.

36.CRISPR-Cas9DeletionofZCF28andZCF34andEffectsonCandidaalbicansBiofilmFormation***PleaseitalicizeCandidaalbicansDianaMcMahon,AlexJackmanandJonathanS.FinkelPh.D.FacultyMentor:Dr.JonathanFinkel,UniversityofDetroitMercy

ThefungusCandidaalbicansisanopportunisticpathogenthatproducesharmfulbiofilmsoninternaldevicessuchaspacemakersandcatheterswhenapatientisimmunocompromised.Adherenceoftheyeastcellsisessentialtothedevelopmentofabiofilm.PreviousworkhasidentifiedZCF28andZCF34astranscriptionfactorsrelevanttoadherence.Inthisstudy,themechanismsbywhichthetwotranscriptionfactorsregulateadherencewillbedetermined.UsingtheCRISPR-Cas9system,wewilldeletethesetranscriptionfactorsandreplacethemwithamarkergeneresistanttonourseothricin,NAT1.Themutatedfungalstrainswillbeassayedforbiofilmformationoncathetersquaresandgrowntoobservetheimpactsontheirbiofilms.Complementationwillbeperformedtorestorethegenesanddeducewhetherrestorationreversestheeffectsofthedeletedtranscriptionfactors.Then,thetargetsofZCF28andZCF34willbeoverexpressedordeletedtodiscernwhichtargetsarerequiredforadherenceand/orbiofilmformation.Attheendofthisstudy,itishopedthattheregulatoryrolesofthegenesthatZCF28andZCF34transcribecanbedetermined,leadingtoknownproteintargetsfordrugtherapy.***PleaseitalicizeZCF28andZCF34andNAT1

37.TierraModock,MoriahThomas,MarionVandeHuevelandMarhorieBeeghlyFacultyMentor:MarjorieBeeghly,WayneState

Intheexperimentconducted,severalparticipants(aparentandtheirchild)wereaskedtoperformtwotasks.Thosetaskswereanetch-a-sketchandfreeplaytask.Theywererecordedduringthetasksandtherecordedvideoswerecodedusingdifferentscalesregardingtheinteractionofthetask.Thescalesfocusedonwerepositiveaffect,negativeaffect,engagement,andnon-compliance.Thecodesgivenwereusedtoseeifthemother’slevelofstresswasrelatedtotheinteractionduringthetasks.

38.PreliminaryAnalysisofTheEffectsMarijuanaHasonTextingandDrivingMohammedMohammed,BrianaMurdock,RimzimTaneja,Ki-JanaMalone,BrandonBuchanan,ChristoferSmith,DoreenHeadandRandallCommissaris(Advisor)FacultyMentor:RandalCommissaris,WayneStateUniversity

Textinganddrivinghasshownitselftobedangeroustimeandtimeagain.Anotherdangerousimpedimenttodrivingisdrugs;withtherapidriseofmedicalmarijuanauseandtheoveruseofopioidprescriptions,drivingundertheinfluence,andalsotextingwhiledrivingundertheinfluence,isbecomingmoreandmorelikely.Inthisongoingstudy,weexaminetherisksassociatedwithtextinganddrivingwhileundertheinfluenceofmarijuana.TwosetsofParticipants,acontrolgroup,andamedicalmarijuanagroupdroveinafixed-basedrivingsimulator(2001ChevyImpala),wherewesentfourtextmessages,twobeingshort(i.e.,one-word)messagesandtwobeinglongermessages.Participantswereaskedtoread,re-typeandre-sendthemessageswhilecontinuingtodrivenormally.Driveswerevideotaped,andthevideoswererated1-4,1beingperfectand4acatastrophe,andthedataofthedriveswasalsorecorded,andeyeglancedatawasalsoanalyzed.Inthispreliminarystudylookingatinitialdata,wecomparedmedicalmarijuanauserswithnonusers,andlookedattheirabilitytodriveinacarsimulatorwhilegiventhedistractionoftexting.

39.PerceptionofNursesfromaKenyanPerspectiveMuli,Mary-JacquelineRN,BSNc.andMcClellandMolly,RN,PhD,ACNS-BC,CMSRNFacultyMentor:McClellandMolly,RN,PhD,ACNS-BC,CMSRN,UniversityofDetroitMercy

A2016studyexploredaculturalapproachtotheperceptionofnursesasscientist(Muli&McClelland2016).TheparticipantsinthatstudywereAmerican,CanadianandKenyan.TheresultsfromthatstudyshowedapossibleculturaldividebetweenhowtheNorthAmericanparticipantsandtheKenyanparticipantsperceivednurses.Aliteraryreviewrevealedthattherehavebeennostudiesdonetoinvestigatewhatrolecultureplaysintheperceptionofnursesasscientists.50electronicinvitationsweresenttoparticipantswhoself-identifiedasKenyanslivinginthediaspora.Ofthe28whoshowedinterest,12participatedinthequestionnaire/interviewsurvey.TheFourmainthemesemergedfromthestudywerenursingasascience,nursingasaprofession,nursingasapracticeandgenderdisparitiesinnursing.Itwasconcludedthatnurseswereviewedinsupportiverolesandonlyconsideredasscientistsbecauseofthecollaborationofotherdisciplineslikemedicine.Professionally,nursesweresaidtohavebeen“ordained”towhatwasreferredtoa“noblecalling”.Nurseswereperceivedasconfidentandautonomousintheirpracticebutthoughttobeundervaluedeventhoughtheyweredeemednurturingandimportant.Thegenderdisparitiesintheprofessionwereattributedtothetraditionsandcultureofapredominantlypatriarchalsociety.Itwasconcludedthattherewereuncleardefinitionsabouttheperceptionofnursesasscientists,andthattheculture,traditionandgenderassignmentsplayanintegralpartinthereconciliationofgenderroles.

40.HowdoMultipleMyosinMoleculesTransportaLargeVesicle?EfrenMunoz,Jr.FacultyMentor:Dr.TakeshiSakamoto,WayneStateUniversity

Myosin5cisanon-processivemotorproteinfoundextensivelyinthevesicletransportationofsecretoryvesicles.Invertebrates,myosin5(Myo5)consistsofthreeisoforms,namedmyosin5a,5b,and5c.TheabilityofMyo5moleculestomovecontinuouslyalongactinfilaments(i.e.processivity)isrequiredforefficientcargotransportincells.ThisphysicalpropertyhasbeenwelladdressedinMyo5aand5b,whichdemonstrateprocessivemovementasasinglemolecule.Incontrast,Myo5cshowsnoprocessivityasasinglemolecule,althoughitisfoundincargoandisbelievedtoparticipateincargotransports.ThisraisesthepossibilitythatmultipleMyo5cmoleculesshouldtransportcargos.PreviousstudiesofMyo5cinourlabshasdeterminedthattheprocessivityoftheproteinalongactinfilamentsincreasesastwodimersofMyo5cmoleculeswereattachedtoDNAscaffolds.ThisconfirmsthetheorythatMyo5crequiresmultiplemoleculesconnectedtoonepieceofcargotocarryoutusefulfunctions.Inthisexperiment,wecreatemutantformsofMyo5cthatwillattachabiotinmoleculetothetailregionofMyo5c,allowingittoattachtosphericalbeadsofvariousradii.Thebeadswillbecoatedwithavidinviabiotin,effectivelyallowingustotesthowprocessiveMyo5ciswiththebeadsasanartificialvesicle.TheresultsofthisexperimentwillillustrateausefulmodelforthedynamicmovementofMyo5casittransportscargotowardstheperipheralofacell.

41.PreliminaryAnalysisoftheEffectsMarijuanaHasonTextingandDrivingBrianaMurdock,MohammedMohammed,RimzimTaneja,Ki-JanaMalone,BrandonBuchanan,ChristoferSmith,DoreenHeadandRandallCommissarisFacultyMentor:RandallCommissaris,WayneStateUniversity

Textinganddrivinghasshownitselftobedangeroustimeandtimeagain.Anotherdangerousimpedimenttodrivingisdrugs;withtherapidriseofmedicalmarijuanauseandtheoveruseofopioidprescriptions,drivingundertheinfluence,andalsotextingwhiledrivingundertheinfluence,isbecomingmoreandmorelikely.Inthisongoingstudy,weexaminetherisksassociatedwithtextinganddrivingwhileundertheinfluenceofmarijuana.TwosetsofParticipants,acontrolgroup,andamedicalmarijuanagroupdroveinafixed-basedrivingsimulator(2001ChevyImpala),wherewesentfourtextmessages,twobeingshort(i.e.,one-word)messagesandtwobeinglongermessages.Participantswereaskedtoread,re-typeandre-sendthemessageswhilecontinuingtodrivenormally.Driveswerevideotaped,andthevideoswererated1-4,1beingperfectand4acatastrophe,andthedataofthedriveswasalsorecorded,andeyeglancedatawasalsoanalyzed.Inthispreliminarystudylookingatinitialdata,wecomparedmedicalmarijuanauserswithnonusers,andlookedattheirabilitytodriveinacarsimulatorwhilegiventhedistractionoftexting.

42.AnExplorationinTheGraduateAdmissionsProcess:GenderBiasinFacultyLettersofReferenceJenniferNavaandAnnmarieCanoFacultyMentor:AnnmarieCano,WayneStateUniversity

MuchoftheresearchlookingatimplicitgenderbiasinlettersofreferencehasbeenforfacultypositionsinSTEMrelatedfields,howeverthepurposeofthisstudyistoexaminegenderbiasinlettersofreferencebeingusedforthegraduateadmissionsprocess.Wetestedwhethergenderdifferencesareconsistentacrossdisciplines(e.g.,STEM,socialandbehavioralsciences),race,andage.Wealsoattemptedtoexamineletterwriters’genderasitpertainstolanguageusageandpotentialbias.Lettersofreferencewerede-identifiedandthencodedthroughtheuseofthetextanalysisapplicationLinguisticInquiryandWordCount(LIWC2015).ThroughLIWCtheletterswereanalyzedwordforwordandplacedintooneofninetywordcategoriesafterbeingcomparedtothepre-existinginternaldictionary(Pennebakeretal.,2001).Aftercoding,alldatawasenteredintoade-identifieddatabasethatisnotlinkedtoamasterlist.Itwashypothesizedthat,incomparisontomaleapplicants,lettersforfemaleapplicantswouldbeshorter,includemorepersonalattributesandfewerperformanceattributesaswellascontainmorereferencestoweaknesses.Thecurrentstudyservesasameansofachievingequitableaccessthroughoutthegraduateadmissionsprocess.

43.EffectsofMCP-1chemokineonOvarianCancercellviabilityJadaNelson,RamandeepRattanandShailendraGiriFacultyMentor:RamandeepRattan,HenryFordHealthSystem

Ovariancancerisalethalgynecologicdiseasewithlimiteddetectionandtherapeutictreatmentsduetoitsunknownuniquebiology.Discoveringkeyproteins,pathways,andmoleculareventscanleadtoimproveddiagnosis,progression,andtargettreatmentstoimprovetheoutcomeofovariancancer.MonocyteChemoattractantProtein(MCP-1),alsoknownasCCL2,isaproteinproducedbytumorandimmunecellsthataidinleukocytemigrationandinflammatoryresponse.MCP-1hasbecomeofinterestduetoitsoverexpressioninovariancancerpatients.ResearchhasshownthatMCP-1isanegativeregulatorofAMPKwhichregulatesthemetabolismandenergylevelsofcellsinthebody.Also,currentresearchstudiesshowthatwhenMCP-1isboundwithitspreferredreceptor,CCR2,itpromotesadhesionandinvasionofovariancancercellswhichcanleadtotumorprogression.MyresearchexaminestheimpactofcellproliferationonID8ovariancancercellstreatedwithMCP-1.AllcellsweretreatedwithadifferentdoseofMCP-1andexaminedatvariabletimeintervals.MTTAssaywasusedtodeterminecellviability,WesternblottechniquewasusedtoidentifyspecificproteinsthatareactivatedbyMCP-1inovariancancercells,andlastly,RT-PCRwasdonetoconfirmCCR2expressioninovariancancercells.ThegoalofthisexperimentistostudythepathwaythatMCP-1usestoincreasecellproliferationofovariancancercellsthroughinhibitionofAMPKexpression.UltimatelydiscoveringawaytoinhibitMCP-1expressionandtheprogressionofOvarianCancer.

44.ExploringtheDepthofRuleAbstractionusingHoneybeesthroughTMazeTestingShyraJ.NorthingtonFacultyMentor:KarenE.Doyle,MarygroveCollege

Honeybeeslivewithoutaprefrontalcortexsocantheygrasptheconceptofruleabstractioninsequentiallearning?Inthebrain,theprefrontalcortexiswheredecisionmakingtakesplace.Withoutthehelpofaprefrontalcortexhoneybeesshouldn’tbeabletosolvecomplexcognitivetasks,inpreviousstudiesithasbeendemonstratedthattheysometimescan(McKinnon,2014).Thisexperimentisgearedtowardsdeterminingifaprefrontalcortexisneededtoutilizetheconceptofruleabstraction.Usingathree-choiceTmazesystem,thehoneybeescomeintocontactwithtwodifferentchoicesofleftorright(whicharedetectortubes)ateachTmazepiece.Themazepiecesandtheruleofthemazealternatedeachday.Accordingtotheruleofthedaythemazepieceswillleadoutsideinanalternatingfashion(eitherleft,right,leftorright,left,right).Aftercompletingtheseriesofchoicescorrectlyinthemazethehoneybeeswillbeabletoforagefreely.Thisresearchwillleadtofurtherknowledgeofthecognitivecapabilitiesofhoneybees,aswellasofferfurtherunderstandingandinformationonruleabstractionandhoneybees.

45.QuantitationofRNaseECellCycleRegulationNathanielNunez,NadraAl-Husini,ObaidahBitar,JamesAretakis,MohammedBharmalandJaredSchraderFacultyMentor:JaredSchrader,WayneState

TheasymmetriccelldivisioninCaulobactercrescentusresultsintwofunctionallyandmorphologicallydifferentcelltypes;motileswarmerandsessilestalkedcells.Duringthecellcycle,about20%ofcellularmRNAsarecell-cycleregulated.Whilemuchofthecellcycle-regulatedmRNAlevelsareduetoatranscriptionalregulatorycircuitthatcontrolsthecellcycletimingoftranscription,only57%ofcellcycle-regulatedpromotersarecontrolledbythiscircuitandtheroleofmRNAdecayremainsunknown.RecentreportsshowedthatthemajormRNAturnovernuclease,RNaseE,hascellcycle-regulatedproteinlevelssuggestingaroleformRNAdecayinthecellcycle-regulationofmRNAlevels.TostudytheinterplaybetweenRNaseEandcellcycleregulationaconditionalexpressionsystemutilizingxylosewasdevelopedtomakespecificalterationstotheRNaseEprotein.Interestingly,misalterationoftheRNaseEproteinlevelsthroughtheconditionalexpressionrevealeddefectsinthecellcycle,resultinginaberrantdivisionandelongatedcells.ToquantitatetheimpactofRNaseEalterationonthecellcycle,animaginganalysissoftwarepackageMicrobeJwasutilizedtomeasurethecelllengthacrossRNaseEexpressionconditionsinahigh-throughputmanner.MicrobeJautomaticallydetectscellsandcreatespolygonalmeshestomeasurethelengthofthemedialaxis.ThroughthisquantitativeanalysiswewereabletoaccuratelycomparethephenotypesofdifferentRNaseEproteinconstructsandtheirrelativeabilitiestofunctioninthecellcycle.

46.CorrelationbetweenHumanPapillomaVirus,HerpesSimplexVirus,andProgressionofCervicalCancerDarleneOkpokpoandDr.RobertAkinsFacultyMentor:Dr.RobertAkins,WayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool

Humanpapillomavirus(HPV)isthoughttobethemostcommonsexuallytransmittedviraldiseaseintheUnitedStates.Thereareover200typesofHPVthatcanbegroupedintotwocategories:High-riskandLow-riskHPVtypes.Thisisbasedontheirassociationwithcervicalcancer.ThemostprevalentrisktypesincludeareHPV-16,-18,-31,and-33.Infectionwithhigh-riskHPVtypesinterfereswiththeabilityofcervicalepithelialcellproteinstoregulatethecellcycle,whichisafirststeptowardcervicalcancer.Thereissomeevidencethatothervirusesorbacteriathatarelocatedinthevaginal-cervicalniche,mayserveascofactorsinthedevelopmentofcervicalcancer.MyhypothesisisthatinfectionwithHerpesSimplexVirus(HSV)type1or2contributestoHPVco-infectionorprogressiontocervicalcancer.Thispredictsthatacorrelationwillbeobservedbetweenpatientsamplesthatarepositiveforhigh-riskHPVorcytologicallyabnormalcervicalepithelia,andpatientsamplesthatarepositivewithHSV1or2.VaginalswabsandpapsmearsampleswerecollectedfromtheWayneStateUniversityWomen’sHealthClinic,andtheDMCClinicalMicrobiologylab.UsingnestedqPCRwithprimersspecificforHSV1andHSV2,Ihavedeterminedwhichsampleswerepositiveforeithertarget,andcomparedthisdatatoclinicalandhistologicaldataandtoqPCRdataresultswithHPVprimers.DatainprogressindicatethatthereisnocorrelationbetweenvaginalpresenceofHSV1andinfectionbyHPV16oranyHPVgenotype,Spearman’sr<0.13,despitea75%incidenceofHSV1intheclinicalsamples.HSV2wasnotdetectedinthesesamples.ItisstillpossiblethatHSV1maybecorrelatedwithprogressiontocervicalcancerfromHPVinfection.FullyunderstandingtheinteractionsofthesetwovirusescangiveallowabetterunderstandingofwhysomehighriskHPVpatientsneverdevelopcervicalcancerordosomoreslowly,whileothersprogressrapidlyfrominfectiontocancer.

47.CognitiveBiasTestinginMiceJacePaupert,IanMoore,B.A.andElizabethM.Hill,PhD.FacultyMentor:Dr.ElizabethHill,UniversityofDetroitMercy

Thepresentstudyexaminedsexdifferencesincognitivebias,exploratorybehavior,andimpulsivityamongmice.Cognitivebiastestsareusedtoassesshowoptimisticorpessimisticananimals’responsetoanambiguousstimuliis.Cognitivebiasisalsoknowntoberelatedtohumanemotions(MacLeod,1994).Basedonpreviousresearch,itwashypothesizedthatmaleswouldshowmoreexplorationandimpulsivity,alongwithamore“optimistic”learningbias.Thisstudyincluded20SwissWebstermice,10malesand10females.Themiceweretrainedtodiscriminatebetweenanegativeandapositiveodorstimulusandlaterexposedtoa50/50mixtureofeachodorastheambiguousstimulus.Anandrogenitaldistancewasmeasuredoneachmouse;agreaterandrogenitaldistanceindicatesgreaterprenatalmasculinization,whichcorrelateswithhigheraggression(Kerinet.al.,2003).Eachmousewentthroughhabituation,odordiscriminationtraining,exposuretoanambiguousstimulus,anopenfieldtest,andanovelitemtest.Defensivebehaviorswererecordedduringeachoftheseprocedures.Analyseswillcomparemalesandfemales.Resultsandimplicationswillbediscussed.

48.RelationshipBetweentheDigestiveandExcretoryTractwiththeNeuroendocrineSystemJolaniPerez,A'TeareaBoggan,andGregoryGrabowskiFacultyMentor:gregorygrabowski,universityofdetroitmercy

TheMalpighiantubulesandGastro-Intestinal(GI)tractinMadagascarhissingroachescarryoutexcretionanddigestion,respectively,muchinthesamewayashumansdo.PAS-OrangeGandhaematoxylin-phloxinehistochemicaltechniquesarestainingproceduresusedtolocalizeepithelialcellsthatsecretethehormones.PAS-orangeGcellsstainbasophilsmagenta,acidophilsyellow,nucleiblack,andchromophobespaleblue,whilehaematoxylin-phloxinestainpancreaticBcellsblue,Acellsred,andDcellsred.LocalizedepithelialcellsaresuspectedofsecretinghormonesintheMalpighiantubulesandGItractthatsignal/regulateexcretionanddigestion,thegoalistofindwheretheyareinrelationtothegangliaandneurons.Roachgangliaareresponsibleforsendingactionpotentialsthatinitiateandcarryoutdigestion.InvestigatingthelocationoftheneuronsinrelationshiptotheMalpighiantubulesandGItractmayshowhowandwheretheseprocessesarecarriedout.Methyleneblue,avitalstainusedinstainingnervefibersandendplates,toinjecttheroaches.Onceinjected,methyleneblueisabsorbedandconvertedtoitsleuco-basebyreducingagentsinalkalinesolution;theleuco-baseformedisreoxidizedintomethyleneblue.ThisprocedureshowshownerveendingsconnectwiththecellsintheMalpighiantubulesandGItractinthesignalingofdigestion.

49.CognitiveAbilityandSocialBehaviorsinPretermBornChildrenTiaraPerkins*,Da'JonaeFoster,DanaAnderson,DavidChenandNoaOfenFacultyMentor:NoaOfen,WayneStateUniversity

AbstractPreviousresearchindicatesthatchildrenbornpreterm(37weeks)comparedtothosebornatfulltermaremoresusceptibletoemotionalandbehavioralproblemsaswellascognitivedeficits.However,itisnotclearwhethertheoccurrencesoftheemotionalandbehavioralproblemsorcognitivedeficitsinchildrenthatwerebornpretermdifferbythechild’sageatassessment.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedemotionalandbehavioralmeasuresandcognitivefunctioninginchildrenbornpretermcomparedtoagematchedchildrenbornatfullterm.Participantswerehealthy5-6years-oldchildrenborneitheratfull-term(n=35),orchildrenbornatpreterm(n=33),recruitedfromtheMetroDetroitarea.Participantcompletedtestsofcognitiveabilities(e.g.,PairCancellationtaskfromWOJOIII(Woodcock-JohnsonTestofCognitiveAbilities,the3rdversion,WJ-IIIForeachassessmentwelookedatspecificmeasuressuchasSchoolT-scores,TotalProblems,etc.)andparentscompletedtheCBCL(ChildBehaviorChecklist(CBCL)andtheBRIEF(BehaviorInventoryofExecutiveFunction(BRIEF).Overall,inthissamplewedidnotfindanysignificantdifferencesbetweenthescoresofparticipantsbasedontermstatus.ForseveralofthecognitiveandSocialBehavioralscorestherewerenumericaldifferencesthatdidnotreachstatisticalsignificancelevels.ThesenullfindingsmayindicatelackofpowertodetecteffectsorthepossibilitythatHowever,wedonothaveenoughpowertomakeanygeneralitiesabouttermstatusandcognitivefunctioningandbehavior,orassumeanysignificantdifferencesbetweenpretermandfull-termchildren.termstatushasminimaleffectoncognitiveandsocialbehavioralmeasuresattheagetestedinthisstudy.Futureanalyseswillincorporatealargersetofcognitivemeasuresandneuroimagingdatacollectedfromthemajorityofparticipants.

50.FexNi2-xPNanoparticleAssembliesforPotentialMagneticRefrigerationMikaylahN.Poli,MalshaA.HettiarachchiandStephanieL.BrockFacultyMentor:StephanieL.Brock,WayneStateUniversity

Magneticrefrigeration(MR)technologyhasattractedscientificandpublicattentionduetoitslevelofefficiencyandenvironmentalfriendliness.Incredibly,MRtechnologycanreachlowertemperaturesthanconventionalvaporcompression,whilesimultaneouslybeinglessharmfultotheenvironment.Magneticrefrigerationtechnologiesrelyonthemagnetocaloriceffect(MCE),aprocessinwhichmagneticmaterialsabsorborexpelheatbymagnetizingordemagnetizing.Inthisproject,ourprimaryfocusisonFexNi2-xP(x=1.2and1.4)nanoparticlesbecausethesephaseshaveshownpromisingMRpropertiesinpreviousstudies.WeseektopreparediscretenanorodsofFexNi2-xP(x=1.2and1.4)andassemblethemintoporousnanostructures.TosynthesizetheseFexNi2-xPnanoparticles,wecombinednickel(II)acetylacetonate(Ni(acac)2),ironpentacarbonyl(Fe(CO)5),andtri-n-octylphosphine(TOP)inthepresenceofoctyletherandoleylamineasthesolventandstabilizingagent,respectively.Thesolutionwasthenheatedat350°Cfor10htoproducerod-shapednanoparticles.Thesereactionconditionswerefurtheralteredtoobtaindifferentsize/aspectratiosofnanorods.Theabove-mentionednanorodswerethensubjectedtooxidativeassistedsol-gelformationtoobtainporousgelnetworks.Theirmagneticpropertieswillbestudiedasafunctionofnanorodsizeandnanostructuredensity.ThesegelnetworksarefurtherexpectedtooptimizeMCEpropertiesandtargetpotentialMRmaterials.

51.THEEFFECTOFANONSENSEMUTATIONINFBN1GENEONAORTAWALLSTRUCTUREANDANEURYSMFORMATIONINMARFANSYNDROMEAlejandroPonce,StudentHomeInstitution:WayneStateUniversityFacultySponsor:Dr.LiLi,MentorResearchInstitution:WSUCenterforMolecularMedicineandGeneticsLabpartner:XiaohuaDai,MentorResearchInstitution:WSUCenterforMolecularMedFacultyMentor:Dr.LiLi,WayneState

MarfanSyndrome(MFS)isageneticdisordercausedbymutationsintheFBN1genewhichcanbefatalinsomecasesduetoaorticdissectionsandrupture.TherearemanydifferentmutationsinFBN1thatcanleadtoMFS,butitsseverityishighlyvariableeveninfamilymembers.Thesemutationscouldbeamissenseornonsensemutation.Ourlab’saimistoanalyzethegeneticmechanismsofNonsenseMediatedmRNADecay(NMD)anditsconnectionstothepathogenesisofMFS.WethengeneratedmicewiththeQ2469X(C>T)nonsensemutationintheFBN1geneusingCRISPR/Cas-mediatedgenomeengineering.TheobjectiveofmyprojectwastovalidatethenonsensemutationinQ2469Xmiceandevaluatetheaorticwallstructureintegrity.ThegenotypingwasdeterminedbyenzymedigestionofPCRproductandSangersequencingandaorticwallstructurewasevaluatedbyhistologyanalysis.Inthefuture,FBN1expressionlevelswillbedeterminednotonlyinthedifferentgenotypesofQ2469X,buttheywillbecomparedtotheMgRmicestrain(aclassicMarfanmousemodel).WeexpecttoseeadifferenceintheaorticwallstructurewhencomparingthedifferentmicewithFBN1mutations.

52.ExpressionandTargetingofPI4KIIIαandSac1inProstateCancerMadeleineE.Reardon,LouieSemaanandSreenivasaR.ChinniFacultyMentor:SreenivasaR.Chinni,WayneStateUniversity

ProstateCancer(PC)isthesecondmostcommoncancerinmen,withanestimated280,000newcasesattheendof2016.Phosphatidylinositol4-kinaseIIIα(PI4KIIIα)anditscorrespondingphosphataseSac1phosphorylatephosphotidylinositol(PI)andgeneratePI4P.PI4PservesasaprecursorforthegenerationofPI(4,5)P2andparticipateinintracellularvesiculartraffic.OurinvestigationsoughttodeterminetheexpressionofPI4KIIIαinprostatecancer,aswellasdeterminetheroleofPI4KIIIαinprostatecancerproliferationusingthepotentinhibitorGSK-F1.WecarriedoutaQuantitativePolymeraseChainReaction(qPCR)forPI4KIIIαandSac1mRNAtodeterminegeneexpressionlevelsinvariousprostatecancercelllines,SDSPAGEfollowedbyWesternBlotting(WB)forPI4KIIIαandSac1proteinstodetermineproteinexpressionlevelsinvariousprostatecancercelllines,andcellproliferationassaysusingthePI4KIIIαinhibitorGSK-F1andtheCyQuant®NFcellproliferationassaykittodeterminetheinhibitor’seffectoncellproliferation.TheqPCRanalysisofPI4KIIIαandSac1genelevelexpressionidentifiedsignificantlyhigherexpressionofPI4KIIIαandSac1mRNAinPCcelllinesascomparedtoprostateepithelialcelllines.WesternblottingofPI4KIIIαandSac1proteinsalsoidentifiedsignificantlyhigherPI4KIIIαandSac1proteinlevelexpressioninPCcelllinesascomparedtoprostateepithelialcelllines.CellproliferationassayingusingthePI4KIIIαinhibitorGSK-F1identifieditasaneffectiveinhibitorofcellproliferationinPCcelllinesPC-3andC4-2B,withsignificantreductionofcellproliferationafter0,24,48,and72hrperiods,correlatedwithincreasingGSK-F1concentration.CellproliferationassayingalsoidentifiedpotentinhibitionofcellgrowththroughPI4KIIIαinhibition,basedonlowIC50valuesinPI4KIIIαoverexpressingPCcelllines,andnegligibleIC50valuesinprostateepithelialcelllinesthathavenoPI4KIIIαoverexpression.ThesedataidentifiesincreasedgeneandproteinlevelexpressionofPI4KIIIαandSac1inprostatecancercelllinesascomparedtoprostateepithelialcelllines,identifiesGSK-F1asaneffectiveinhibitorofprostatecancercellproliferationbyPI4KIIIαinhibition,andidentifieshigherPI4KIIIαgeneandproteinlevelexpressioninAndrogenReceptorpositive(AR+)PCcelllinesthaninAndrogenReceptornegative(AR-)PCcelllines,withrespectivelygreaterGSK-F1sensitivity.ThisdatasuggeststhePI4KIIIα/Sac1pathwayasanoveltargetforthetreatmentofprostatecancer,thoughmousemodelstudiesareneededtoconfirmthis.

53.ExaminingRuleAbstractioninHoneybeesThroughUseofaT-MazeAlexandriaD.RogersFacultyMentor:Dr.KarenE.Doyle,MarygroveCollege

Pastresearchhasshownthathoneybeesdemonstratetheabilitytocompletecomplextaskssuchasmazesanddifferentiatingbetweendifferentcolorsornumbersdespiteonlyhavingapproximately1millionbrainneuronsandnobraincortex(Menzel,2012).Thepurposeofthisexperimentistoexaminewhetherornotahoneybeeperformsruleabstraction.Researcherscreateda3-choiceT-mazewithanalternatingrightorleftturnpatterntoassesswhetherhoneybeesuseruleabstractiontolearntonavigatethemaze.Beesareallowedtochoosecontinuouslyinthemazeuntiltheymakeacorrectchoice.Thisexperimentwillprovideevidencetohelpresearchersdeterminewhetherabraincortexisrequiredforananimaltouseruleabstractionwhensolvingapattern.Preliminarydatamayshowevidenceofthisruleabstraction.

54.TheImmediatePhysiologicalEffectsandSocialImplicationsofVapingChanningSesoko,ZiaMuntfordandMollyMcClellandFacultyMentor:MollyMcClelland,UDM

TheImmediatePhysiologicalEffectsandSocialImplicationsofVapingChanningSesoko,ZiaMuntford,MollyMcClellandUniversityofDetroitMercy,Detroit,MI48221Vapingisanalternativetosmokingthatiswidelybelievedtobelessharmfulthantraditionaltobaccoproducts.Vapingisthoughttobeasaferalternativetosmoking.Withinthepast5years,therehasbeenadrasticincreaseinvapeusageamongstteenagersandyoungadults.Thereisminimal,ifany,researchidentifyingthephysiologicaleffectsofvapingandwhetheritisasaferalternativetotraditionaltobaccoproducts.24peopleparticipatedinthestudyorganizedintotwogroups.12peoplewhoself-identifiedasvapersand12whoself-identifiedasnon-vapers.Wehavecreatedabriefmedicalquestionnaireforparticipants,whereintheyrespondtoquestionspertainingtotheircurrenthealth,healthhistory,andanyvapeproductsthattheymaybeusing.Inconjunctiontothemedicalquestionnaire,physiologicalmeasurementsofhealthweretakenincluding:bloodpressure,heartrate,respiratoryrate,bloodoxygenationlevel,bloodsugar,andpulmonaryfunctiontest.Physiologicaldatawascomparedbetweenthevapingandnon-vapinggroups.Additionally,thephysiologicaldatawascomparedbeforeandafter30minutesofvapingforthevapegroup.Togatherdataonthesociologicaleffectsofvaping,focusgroupswereheld.Duringthefocusgroupswediscussedwhatparticipantsknewaboutvaping,whytheyvapedorabstainedfromvaping,iftheynoticedanystigmasassociatedwithvaping,andanyquestionsorconcernsaboutvapingthatthatparticipantshad.TheseconversationswererecordedandtranscribedviaVerbalInk.Thesetranscriptswerethenanalyzedforthemes.

55.NegativityBiastowardsNeutralFaces:BrainCorrelatesandPerceivedTrustworthinessLimiSharif,BrianSilverstein,NarcisMarshall,HilaryMarusak,CraigPeters,FarrahElrahal,andChristineRabinakFacultyMentor:ChristineRabinak,WayneStateUniversity

Negativitybiasisthetendencytointerpretneutralorambiguouseventsandstimuli(e.g.,neutralfacialexpressions)asnegative.Individualdifferencesinnegativitybias,aswellashighernegativitybias,hasbeenobservedinpatientswithdepressionandanxiety.Thecurrentstudyaimstotestwhethernegativitybiasispresentwhileindividualsjudgethetrustworthinessofneutralfaces,andinbrainresponsestotheseexpressions.Participantscompletedanemotionalfacesappraisaltask(EFAT)whichinvolvedviewingandsubsequentlyratingthetrustworthiness(0-100scale:0=nottrustworthy,100=trustworthy)ofthreetypesofemotionalfacialexpressions:fear,happy,neutral.Simultaneouselectroencephalography(EEG)wascollectedandwefocusedonthelatepositivepotential(LPP),anevent-relatedpotential(ERP)thathasbeenshowntoincreaseinamplitudeinresponsetoemotionalstimuliandthemagnitudeoftheemotion.Resultsshowedthatneutralfaceswereratedaslesstrustworthy(43.31±14.68)comparedtobothfearful(47.94±14.37)andhappyfaces(61.81±12.40),p’s<0.05.Further,LPPamplitudedidnotsignificantlydifferbetweenneutralandfearfulorhappyfaces,howeverindividualswithlowertrustworthinessratingsforneutralfacesshowedlargerLPPamplitudesinfrontal(1.88µV±3.46),central(3.61µV±3.14),andparietalbrainregions(4.91µV±3.38).Together,theseresultssuggestthatneutralfacesmaynotbeinterpretedas‘neutral’,andthattrustworthinessofneutralexpressionsisrelatedtotheamountofemotion-relatedneuralprocessing.Theseresultshaveimplicationsfortrustandinterpersonalrelationships.

56.PreconditionedUterineMuscleCellsProteinSecretomeArrenE.SimpsonandJudithA.InglesFacultyMentor:JenniferCondon,WayneStateUniversity

Normalgestationallengthisbetween40-42weeks,whereaspretermbirthisdeliverypriorto37weeks.Currently,alackofdiagnosticpredictorsorpreventivetreatmentsfortheonsetofpretermbirth,resultsin15millionbabiesbornprematurelyintheUSannually;withDetroithavingthehighestpretermbirthrateat18%.Ourlaboratoryhasdemonstratedthatactivationofthenon-apoptoticformofcaspase-3intheuterinemusclecelliscrucialforthemaintenanceofanon-contractile,quiescentstateduringpregnancy.Normally,caspase-3activationisassociatedwithcelldeathhowever,duringpregnancyuterinemusclescellsdisplayenhancedcellviability.Thepregnantuterusexperiencesandaccommodatesmultiplephysiologicalandbiochemicalstressorsacrossgestation.Wespeculatetheseactinapreconditioningmanortoequiptheuterinemusclescellstoescapecelldeath,maintainingcaspase-3mediatedquiescence.Weproposethatpreconditioneduterinemusclecellsgenerateandtransmitaprotective,anti-apoptoticuterinesecretome,whichcommunicateswithadjacentcellsandisalsofoundinthecirculation.Utilizing,aninvitromodelofSILAClabeled,chemicallypreconditioneduterinemusclecells,componentsoftheresultingSecretomearecurrentlybeingidentifiedandquantifiedthroughLC/MS/MS.OurpreliminarydatademonstratesthatpreconditionedcellssecreteauniqueproteinprofilewithelevatedlevelsofBIP,Collagen3alphaandfibronectin.Wewilltestthesefactorsfortheroleinenhancedcellviabilityandpropagationofthepreconditionedphenotype.Overall,theseresultsareimportantduetotheirprospectiveroleinpotentialbiomarkerdevelopmentandnoveltherapeuticsforthepreventionofpretermbirth.

57.ExploringtheRelationshipbetweenCaregiverDepressionandAdolescentAsthmaControlandMorbidityScottiSmith,CherylMiree,MSandChristineLMJoseph,PhD,MPHFacultyMentor:ChristineLMJoseph,PhD,MPH,HenryFordHealthSystem

Background:Pastresearchhasfoundthatcaregiverdepressiontendstobehigheramongchildrenandadolescentswithchronicillnesses,likeasthma.Caregiverdepressionhasalsobeenlinkedtopoorerasthmacontrolandhigherasthmamorbidity.Objective:Toexploretherelationshipbetweencaregiverdepressionandindicatorsforasthmacontrol(daytime/nighttimesymptoms,nighttimesymptoms,restrictedactivity,schoolabsences),andasthmamorbidity(ERvisits,hospitalizations).Methods:Weuseddatafromarandomizedcontrolledtrialconductedin6Detroitpublicschoolstudentswithasthmasymptoms(9th-11thgrade)andtheircaregivers.Caregiverdepressionwasdefinedasdisplaying4ormoredepressivequalitiesfor8ormoredaysovera2weekperiod,measuredusingthePatientHealthQuestionnairewithinthebaselinesurvey.Allbivariateassociationswithp<0.10wereexploredfurtherusingmultivariateanalysis.Oddsratios(OR)andcorresponding95%confidenceintervalswereusedtodescribeassociationsbetweencaregiverdepressionandteenasthmacontrol/morbidity.Results:Theanalysissampleincluded355teensandcaregivers;80%ofteenswerediagnosedwithasthma,58.3%werefemale,andmeanage=15.9years(sd=1.2).Bivariateanalysisshowedanassociationbetweendaytimesymptomsandcaregiverdepression,OR=2.83(0.85-9.49),p=0.079.ThisORwasreducedto1.64(0.46-5.94)inthemultivariateanalysis,afteradjustingfordemographicsandpotentialconfounders,suggestingotherfactorscontributetotherelationshipobservedbetweencaregiverdepressionandteenasthmacontrol/morbidity.Conclusions:WeobservedelevatedORsforcaregiverdepressionanddaytimesymptoms,however,furtherresearchisneededtodeterminewhetherdaytimesymptoms,inadditiontotheothercovariates,haveanassociationwithcaregiverdepression.

58.CharacteristicsofVaginalEnterococcusFaecalis:AReservoirforResistantStrains?OmniSullivanFacultyMentor:RobertAkins,WayneStateUniversity

Bacterialvaginosis(BV)isaconditionthatoccurswhenthenormalvaginalflorasuchaslactobacilliisdisruptedandreplacedbyanovergrowthofpathogenicbacteriasuchasgardnerellavaginalis,prevotella,andanaerobicspeciessuchaspeptostreptococcus,fusobacterium,andbacteroides.Thecombinationofthesebacterianotonlyproduceunpleasantsymptomssuchasodor,abnormaldischarge,anditching,buttheyalsocauseamuchhigherriskofcontractingHIVandprematurebirthinpregnantpatientswiththeinfection.PatientswithBVaremostcommonlyprescribedmetronidazole,clindamycin,and/orvancomycintotreattheinfectionbutrecurrenceofBVisverycommon.Ourresearchspecificallylooksatthebacteriaenterococcusfaecalisanditsresistancetothesemedications,whichcouldbethecauseofrecurrenceofBV.WewillbetestingtheresistanceofenterococcusfaecaliscollectedfromvaginalswabsfromaclinicagainstseveraldifferentmedicationsthataremostcommonlygiventotreatBV.Toaccumulateourenterococcusstocks,wearetestingtheuseofNutrientAgarplateswithincorporatedclindamycinantibioticsratherthanNutrientAgarplateswithincorporated6.5%Sodiumbecauseofitsresistancetoclindamycin.Wehopetobeabletofindthatenterococcusfaecalisisoneofthebacteriaassociatedwithrecurrenceduetoitsresistancetothesemedicationsandthebacterianotallowingthenormalvaginalfloratobecomedominantagain.

59.Spirodelapolyrhiza’sGeneExpressionResponsetoPhosphorusRoyceSwaseyandStokesBakerFacultyMentor:StokesBaker,UniversityofDetroitMercy

In2014,Toledo'swatersupplywasshutoffduetophosphoruspollutioninLakeErie.Togainabetterunderstandingonhowaquaticplantsresponsetophosphorouswaterpollution,anRNAseqwithSpirodelapolyrhiza’s(greaterduckweed)wasconducted.Thestudyindicatedmanygene,suchasthoseencodingpyridoxialphosphatephosphataserelatedproteinandpurpleacidphosphasesaretightlyregulatedandinductionbyphosphatestarvation.Reversetranscriptasequantitativepolymerasechainreaction(rt-qPCR)studiesareplannedtoconfirmtheseobservations.Primersarebeingevaluatedbyend-pointPCRexperiments.TotalRNAfromcontrolandphosphate-starvedplantswasextractedusingtheQiagen(Hilden,Germany)RNeasyminikit.ReversetranscriptaseqPCRprimerswereusedontotalRNA(withcontaminatinggenomicDNA(gDNA)),DNaseItreatedRNA,andfirststrandcomplementaryDNA(cDNA).Unfortunately,ampliconsfromcontaminatinggDNAwasdetectedwithsomeprimers.Atemperaturegradientend-pointPCRexperimentsshowedthatthesefalsepositivesignalscanbepreventedwithincreaseannealingtemperatures.

60.GUIDINGNEURONALANDGLIALCELLPERFORMANCEBYELECTRICALSTIMULATIONTHROUGHACONDUCTIVECARBONNANOTUBE/HYALURONICACIDAMALGALMATIONMallakH.Taleb,Jean-YvesAzur,ElisabethM.SteelandHariniG.SundararaghavanPhD.FacultyMentor:HariniG.Sundararaghavan,WayneState

Noteworthyclinicalchallengesensueinthetreatmentofperipheralnerveandspinalcordinjuries(SCI).Functionallosscausedbyperipheralnerveinjuries(PNI),whethertriggeredbytraumaorsurgicaldifficulties,affect1millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesperannum.Axonsstemmingfromtheproximalnervesegmentmustbridgetheinjurygapandreconnectwiththedistalendtoreinnervatetargettissueforfunctiontoberestored.Customizedcuescanconsentbiomaterialstobetailoredtomimicasuitablemicroenvironmentthatstimulatestheprocessesofcellmigrationandaxonalelongationandtargetthatarecompulsoryforcompleterepair.Bioelectricityplaysitsmostprominentroleinthebodyintheformofelectricalsignalsthroughouttissuesinthenervoussystem,influencingawidevarietyofactiveandpassivebiologicalfunctionsrangingfrommovementandthinkingtosensoryperceptionandrespiration.Thepreviousworkimthecurrentstudyproducedaconductivebiopolymercompositebyintegratingcarboxylatedmulti-walledcarbonnanotubes(COOHMWCNTs)astheconductiveelementsintoahyaluronicacid(HA)basednanofibrousscaffold(HACNT).ItishypothesizedthatscaffoldconductanceisachievedviachargehoppingfromoneMWCNTtothenext,analogoustoelectricalconductanceachievedinreedypolymerfilmscontainingcarbonnanotubes(CNTs).ThecurrentpreliminaryassessedtheproliferationofL929cellsonHAandCNTHAscaffoldstodeterminematerialbiocompatibility.Inthefuture,wewillevaluatecellmigrationandprimaryneuronbehavioronthismaterial.

61.EffectsofKDM4AandKDM4BKnockdownin"Drosophilamelanogaster",andGeneticInteractionsBetweenKDM4AandKDM4BwithSIN3SonnyTang,ValerieBarnes,andLoriPileFacultyMentor:LoriPile,WayneStateUniversity

ThehistonedeacetylaseassociatingproteinSIN3andhistonelysinedemethylasehomologsKDM4AandKDM4Bareregulatoryproteinsoftranscriptionactivity.Whetherproteinsthatregulatethesetwodistinctenzymaticactivitiesinteractwitheachotherhasnotbeendetermined.Theresultsofthisworkareexpectedtoprovidemoreinformationaboutthegeneticandbiochemicalinteractionsbetweenthetwogenes,andpossiblyimproveourunderstandingonthegeneticregulationofthesegenes.Todothis,weutilizedtransgenicDrosophilamelanogasterthatcarrygenesofinterest.FlylineswerecrossedtogenerateprogenythatcandefinethenatureofKDM4AandKDM4Bknockdown,andassesspossiblepartnershipsandassociationswithSIN3.Sofar,thecrosseshaverevealedthatubiquitousknockdownofKDM4Aislethal,andthatKDM4Bknockdownyieldsnochangesinphenotype.KDM4AandKDM4BarehypothesizedtointeractwithSIN3,andresultsindicatevaryingdegreesofinteraction.Furtherworkmayoffermoredefinitiveconclusions,andleadtowardmoreunderstandingofSIN3withKDM4AandKDM4B.

62.PhysicalSymptoms,AlcoholUse,Mood,andFamilyFunctioninginMaleVictimsofPartner-ViolenceAleksandarM.TasichFacultyMentor:Dr.JohnH.Porcerelli,UniversityofDetroitMercy

Therearerelativelyfewstudiesintheliteraturethathaveconductedresearchintotheimpactofmalevictimsofintimatepartner-violence(IPV).Therefore,theaimofthisresearchistoaidinfillingthegapintheresearchonvictimizedmalesofIPV.WecomparedvictimsofIPVwithacontrolgroupmadeupofnon-victimizedmenmatchedforage,race,education,maritalstatusandincome.Dependentvariablesincludealcoholuse(CAGEquestionnaire),familyfunctioning(APGARquestionnaire),andphysicalandmoodsymptoms(MILCOMHealthHistoryquestionnaire).Archivaldatawereobtainedfromalargerstudyonthehealtheffectsofpartner-violenceinmenandwomenfromprimarycareclinicsintheMetroDetroitarea.Victimizedmenwerematchedwithonecontrolsubjectfromthenon-victimizedgroup.Thismatchingprocedurewasfollowedbydataanalysiscomparingphysically-victimized(N=16),psychologically-victimized(N=19),andcontrolsubjects(N=35).MenwhoreportedeitherphysicaloremotionalIPVwerefoundtohaveagreaternumberofmood(depressionandanxiety)symptomsthanmenwithoutarecenthistoryofIPV.ItwasalsofoundthatmenintheIPVPhysicalabusegroupreportedlowerlevelsoffamilyfunctioning(e.g.,support)thaneithernon-victimizedmenormenwhoreportedIPVemotionalabuse.

63.TheEffectsofPaternalandMaternalCohabitationonStressLevelsinPregnantAfricanAmericanWomenLeighaThomasandDawnP.MisraFacultyMentor:Dr.DawnP.Misra,WayneStateUniversity

Stressduringpregnancyisariskfactorforpretermbirthinpregnantwomen.Someliteraturesuggeststhatpaternalsupportduringpregnancycoulddecreasematernalstresslevelsandadversehealthoutcomes(suchaspretermbirth)inwomen.However,therehasbeenlittleresearchdonetoexamineifthemother'sstressisalleviatedorincreasedbypaternalcohabitation.StudieshavealsorarelyfocusedonBlackfamilies.UsingacohortstudyofpretermbirthinBlackwomeninSouthfield,Michigan(N=1410;71%responserate),wecomparedperceivedstresslevelsinpregnantAfricanAmericanwomenaccordingtowhetherornotthefatheroftheirbabylivedathome.Datawerecollectedfromindepthinterviewsaboutthemother'schildhood,youngadulthood,andpre-pregnancystatus,aswellasmedicalrecords.Motherswereaskedtheirmaritalandcohabitationstatusinrelationtothefatherofthebaby.LevelsofstressweremeasuredbyCohen’sPerceivedStressScale.Womenwhoreportedhavingthelowestlevelsofperceivedstresswerethemostlikelytoreportthatthefatheroftheirbabywaslivinginthehousehold.Ourresultssuggestthatpaternalcohabitationduringpregnancyrelatestolowermaternalstress.Therefore,paternalcohabitationmayreduceriskofpretermbirthamongBlackwomenbyreducinglevelsofmaternalstress.

64.ExaminingAtrazineAccumulationandHistologicalChangesintheHepatopancreasofCrayfishPost-ExposureDanielDayfield,VictoriaTorres,KathrineYacooandDanielleMaxwellFacultyMentor:KendraEvans,UniversityofDetroitMercy

Manypesticidesareknowntohavelong-termadverseeffectsonaquaticorganisms,andthusitisofinteresttoexploretheeffectsofpesticideaccumulationinthesespecies.Weareinvestigatingtheaccumulationofatrazine(ATR)inthehepatopancreasofthevirilecrayfish,Orconectesvirilis.Crayfishweretreatedwithenvironmentally-relevantATRconcentrations(80and300ppb)andcontrolconcentrations(0ppbnegativecontrol)and1000ppbATR(positivecontrol)for15days.Histologicalchanges,includingincreasedvacuolization,werevisualizedinthehepatopancreasfollowingsectioningandstainingwithhematoxylinandeosin(H&E).Inadditionbehavioralchangeswereobservedposttreatment.ItisofinteresttocorrelatephysiologicalandbehavioralchangeswiththelevelofaccumulationofATR,sowehavedevelopedandareevaluatingamethodtoextractandquantitatetheamountofATRinthehepatopancreas.Hepatopancreastissuewasisolatedfromthecrayfish,andATRwasextractedusinga“quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged,andsafe”(QuEChERS)method.Followingtheextraction,theATRwasanalyzedusingliquidchromatography-massspectrometry(LC-MS),whichallowsforthequantitationofATR,itsmetabolites,andotherpesticidesthatmayaccumulateinthetissue.Astable-isotopeinternalstandard,deuteratedatrazine(ATR-d5),wasincludedintheanalysisandwillbeusedtoimprovetheaccuracyandprecisionoftheATRquantitation.

65.BioinformaticanalysisofmolecularbarcodesforthedetectionandidentificationofaquaticorganismsXavierWalker,AdrianVasquezandJefferyRamPh.DFacultyMentor:Dr.JeffreyRam,WayneStateUniversity

BioinformaticanalysisofgarprimersenabledthedeterminationofwhetherpreviouslydesignedprimerswerelikelytoproducefalsepositiveorfalsenegativePCRproducts.Thisworkispartofarecentlyacceptedpublicationongarprimers,ofwhichIamaco-author.1PCRamplificationandsequencing,followedbybioinformaticsanalysisofLebertiawatermitesincreasedthenumberofsequencesandconfidence(throughthoseincreasednumbers)thatthesebarcodesequencescouldbeusedtoidentifyaparticulartype(possiblenewlyidentifiedspecies)ofLebertiawatermite.

66.CloningofMET/CAPZA2fusionintoNEB5-alphaE.coliforobservationofproteinstabilityTamiaM.WallerandMargaretE.MartinezFacultyMentor:AnaC.deCarvalho,HenryFordHospital

Glioblastoma(GBM)isthemostaggressiveprimarycentralnervoussystemtumor.Long-termsurvivalforGBMpatientsisrare;thegeneticsofGBMtumorsisheterogeneous.TheoncogeneMETisover-amplifiedin4%ofGBMcasessubmittedtoTheCancerGenomeAtlas(TCGA),which,inhealthycells,codesforamembranereceptortyrosinekinaseinvolvedinembryogenesisandwoundrepair.ActivationofMETinGBMsmaycontributetoproliferation,survivalandinvasionofcancercells.PreviousresearchidentifiedandsequencedthreedifferentMETfusionstotheadjacentgeneCAPZA2.Thesefusionswerediscoveredintwopatient-derivedGBMcelllines(HF3035andHF3077)thatpresentedanover-amplificationofMET.ThegoalofourresearchwastodrivetheexclusiveexpressionofthenovelfusionproteinCAPZA2(E1)toMET(E6)toobservethestabilityandlocationinaPDXmodel.MethodsincludedtransformationviapcDNA3.1(+)mammalianexpressionvectorintoNEB5-alphaE.colicells,followedbythetransfectionofourplasmidfrombacteriaintotheprimarycelllineHF3253,acelllinewithlowlevelsofendogenousMET.Furthermore,immunohistochemistrystainingofthetransfectedHF3253cellswasdonetodeterminethepresenceandlocationoftheMETfusion.Wepredictthat,ifpresent,theresultingMETfusiontranscriptisstableandresultsinagainoffunction,conferringasurvivaladvantageandmakingitapossibledrug-therapytarget.ThisresearchcancontributetopotenttherapyplanstofightGBMandothercancersthatutilizeMETover-amplificationandmutation.

67.VisibleLightInducedPhotocatalyticHydrogenEvolutionUsingaCdS-Ni2PHybridAerogelSystemKodyWhisnant,DaLiandDr.StephanieL.BrockFacultyMentor:Dr.StephanieL.Brock,WayneStateUniversity

DuetotheincreasingglobalenergydemandandtheclimatechangeimpactofCO2fromenergyproduction,itisessentialtoconstructcleanenergyproductionandstoragesystems.Photocatalyticevolutionofhydrogenfromwaterbyvisiblelightservesasapromisingandappealingpathway.CdSnanoparticlesaregoodvisiblelightabsorbersbutnotefficienthydrogenevolutioncatalysts,whileNi2Pisshowntobeanexceptionalelectrocatalystforthehydrogenevolutionreaction(HER).IntegrationofNi2PnanoparticleswithCdSnanoparticlesusingasol-gelapproachisexpectedtoyieldahybridsystemthatwillenabletheefficienttransferofphoto-generatedcarriersonCdStocatalyticallyactiveNi2Psites.Inthiswork,theassemblyofpre-formednanoparticlestomakeCdS-Ni2PhybridaerogelswillbedescribedandphotocatalyticHERdatawillbepresented.TheperformanceofthesenovelarchitectureswillbecomparedtoCdS-Ni2PnanoparticlesandCdSaerogels.Theroleofinterparticlecoupling,porosity,andsurfacepassivationoncatalyticefficiencywillalsobediscussed.