Sun Pyramid, Teotihuacán (~100 AD)
Pyramid of the Niches, Tajin (600-900 AD)
Aztec
Sun Stone
~1400 AD
Hernán Cortéz,
lands in Veracruz in
1519 with 400 men.
Captures and burns
Tenochtitlan in 1521
1520,“La Noche Trista”
How did this come about?
Guns?
Legends of Gods?
Found many allies among
the repressed peoples.
But also....
Death by Smallpox
•Why were there no New World diseases that
affected the Spanish?
•Why were they so susceptible?
Aztecs died in epidemics of
smallpox, measles, mumps, etc.
Emigration of humankind from Africa to
Europe & Asia ~100,000 YA;
Co-evolution with parasites and pathogens,
domestic animals, many important
diseases evolve only in agricultural
societies (~11,000 YA).
Settling of the New World
Rapid movement of small groups of
hunter-gatherers, almost no Old
World domesticated animals. New
World agriculture very recent.
•Many pathogens left behind,
insufficient time to evolve new ones.
•Relative genetic homogeneity
increased susceptibility
• MHC-associated immune responsiveness – genetic control
of immune responses & limited heterogeneity of HLA in
New World
Lessons we will cover include…
• Passive Immunity – intrauterine transfer of antibodies
from mother to fetus (limits severity of subsequent
disease)
• Immunological Memory
• Immunity/specificity (typhus & influenza present in New
World vs. smallpox which was absent, etc.)
• Vaccination – deliberate immunization
Medical Immunology
544
Fall 2011This is the first of two courses in the medical
curriculum offered by the Dept. of Microbiology
and Molecular Genetics.
Also Medical Microbiology, Fall of 2nd year.
Immunology 2011
Lecture 1
19 SeptemberIntroduction to course
1) New and unique concepts, e.g. "specificity",
gene rearrangements, etc.
2) Much phenomenology - complex systems
which are still poorly understood.
3) Much jargon and many acronyms, unique
vocabulary; new words, familiar words
with new meanings.
Immunology Poses Challenges
4) Conflicts over facts and interpretations
•Autoimmune disease (RA/rheumatoid arthritis,
SLE/systemic lupus erythematosus, IDDM,
many others)
•Immunodeficiency (genetic, infectious, iatrogenic…)
•Allergy (food, drugs, airborne allergens [asthma]…)
•Transplantation and tumor biology
•Vaccination (required vs. optional…)
•Technology: serology, tissue typing, hybridomas;
tools for diagnosis, therapy and research.
Relevance…
Your responsibilities
1) Core notes; read ahead.
2) Lectures & Clinical Correlates (2)
3) Handouts, supplementary material, 3 problem sets…
(…numbered & posted on Web site)
4) POPS, Patient Oriented Problem Solving sessions (3)
Small group exercises, participation is mandatory
● Jaundiced Baby; blood groups, etc.
● Transplantation Immunology
● Immunodeficiency
5) e-mail - check it regularly, unpack your inboxes
Exams
Two Midterm Exams (20% each),
one Final Exam (60%)
Multiple choice questions, mostly NBME formats
Texts
Recommended:
The Immune System, Parham (useful, compact text)
Other popular texts…
Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Abbas, Lichtman &
Pillai
Janeway’s Immunobiology, Murphy, Travers & Walport
Kuby Immunology, Goldsby, Kindt and Osborne
Immunology, Male, Brostoff, Roth & Roitt
COURSE TOPICS
ANTIBODIES (Structure, function, genetics…)
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY
Leukocytes (T & B-cells, MΦ, etc.)Cell interactions (MHC, adhesion & signalling, etc.)
ANATOMY & ONTOGENY of immune system
ALLERGY, AUTOIMMUNITY, IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VACCINATION, TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY
TWO CLINICAL CORRELATES:Rheumatoid diseases (Week 6, Prete)AIDS (Week 7, Robinson)
THREE POPS SESSIONS:
JAUNDICED BABY (Week 4)
TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY (Week 5)
IMMUNODEFICIENCY (Week 7)
THREE POPS SESSIONS:
JAUNDICED BABY (Week 4)
TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY (Week 5)
IMMUNODEFICIENCY (Week 7)
● Precipitin curve
● Serum electrophoresis
● Ouchterlony
● ELISA/RIA
● Equilibrium Dialysis
● Adoptive Transfer
● Complement Fixation
● PFC assay
Techniques
Will also use Southern & Western blots, PCR, etc…
● Ada & Byrt (Hot Ag suicide)
● Mishell & Dutton (3HTdR suicide)
● Mitchell & Miller (T & B cells)
● Zinkernagel and Dougherty (MHC-restricted
recognition)
● Carrier Effect (T/B interactions, haptens &
carriers)
● Resistance to Listeria/Mycobacterium
Experiments
These experiments will serve to clarify underlying principles rather than simply present
results to memorize.
Core Notes
• Mostly organized around lectures
• Read ahead
• Chapters begin with BOXED INTRODUCTION
• Chapters end with STUDY QUESTIONS
• Material in [square brackets] is parenthetical
• Please report errors & omissions
NoNotes
Two Handouts today:
● Immunology Background Survey
- please turn this in at the end of today’s lecture
● Examination and Grading Policy
On the course web site:● Lecture Schedule● Core Notes● Powerpoint presentations for lectures● Handouts
other stuff…
WORK IN A GROUP
Helpful Advice:
An effective study group means:
• Scheduled meetings
• Pre-arranged assignments
• Ideally 3-4 members
Keep in mind two related but distinct course goals:
• Success on exams
• Long-term understanding
George Gutman
Office: B250 Med Sci, Ext. 46593
Medical Immunology Web pages:
http://jeeves.mmg.uci.edu/immunology