1 Supplemental Information for the IDSA/SHEA Guideline on Implementing an Antibiotic Stewardship Program Literature Search Strings * INTERVENTIONS ((((Post prescription[tiab] OR postprescription[tiab]) OR (((("Medical Audit"[Majr] OR "Clinical Audit"[Majr:noexp] OR audit[title] OR audits[title] OR audit[ot] OR audits[ot]))) AND (("Feedback, Psychological"[Majr:noexp] OR "Feedback"[Majr:noexp] OR feedback[title] OR feedback[ot]))) OR ((intervention[title] OR interventions[title] OR "Intervention Studies"[Mesh] OR intervention[ot] OR interventions[ot]) AND (antibiot*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title] OR antibiot*[ot] OR antimicrobial*[ot])) OR ((antibiot*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title] OR antibiot*[ot] OR antimicrobial*[ot]) AND "Program Evaluation"[Mesh]) OR ((feedback[title] OR feedback[ot]) AND (antibiot*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title] OR antibiot*[ot] OR antimicrobial*[ot])) OR ((audit[title] OR audits[title] OR audit[ot] OR audits[ot]) AND (antibiot*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title] OR antibiot*[ot] OR antimicrobial*[ot])) OR ((((((((antibiot*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title] OR antibiot*[ot] OR antimicrobial*[ot]))) OR "Methicillin Resistance"[Mesh])) OR "Drug Resistance"[Mesh])) AND (((("Drug Utilization"[Mesh]) AND "Guideline Adherence"[Mesh])) OR "Benchmarking"[Mesh])) OR (("Pharmacology, Clinical"[Mesh] OR "Pharmacy Service, Hospital"[Mesh]) AND ("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] AND "Anti-Bacterial Agents"[MAJR]))) OR ((((((("Medical Audit"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Audit"[Mesh:noexp] OR audit[tiab] OR audits[tiab] OR audit[ot] OR audits[ot])) AND (("Feedback, Psychological"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Feedback"[Mesh:noexp] OR feedback[tiab] OR feedback[ot])))) OR ((intervention[tiab] OR interventions[tiab] OR "Intervention Studies"[Mesh]) AND ("Feedback, Psychological"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Feedback"[Mesh:noexp] OR feedback[tiab] OR feedback[ot]))) OR ((intervention[tiab] OR interventions[tiab] OR "Intervention Studies"[Mesh]) AND ("Medical Audit"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Audit"[Mesh:noexp] OR audit[tiab] OR audits[tiab] OR audit[ot] OR audits[ot]))) AND (((((("Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:noexp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial polic*[tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic*[tiab] OR anti-infective polic*[tiab] OR ration*[title] OR prescribe*[title]))) OR ("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR Antifungal Agents[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab]))) OR ("Drug Resistance"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Drug Resistance, Microbial"[Mesh] OR "Drug Resistance, Multiple"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh] OR antibiogram*[tiab] OR resistance[tiab] OR hypervirul*[tiab] OR resist*[tiab] OR MDRO[tiab] OR MDROs[tiab]))) OR ((((("Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteremia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteremia/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteremia"[Majr:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Brain Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Brain Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Brain Abscess"[Majr:noexp] OR "Empyema, Subdural/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural"[Majr] OR "Epidural Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal"[Majr] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial"[Majr] OR * Search strategies were developed and built by the Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh. For each PICO question, the librarians developed the search strategies using PubMed’s command language and appropriate search fields. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords were used for the main search concepts of each PICO question.
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Supplemental Information for the IDSA/SHEA Guideline on Implementing an Antibiotic Stewardship Program
Literature Search Strings*
INTERVENTIONS ((((Post prescription[tiab] OR postprescription[tiab]) OR (((("Medical Audit"[Majr] OR "Clinical Audit"[Majr:noexp] OR audit[title] OR audits[title] OR audit[ot] OR audits[ot]))) AND (("Feedback, Psychological"[Majr:noexp] OR "Feedback"[Majr:noexp] OR feedback[title] OR feedback[ot]))) OR ((intervention[title] OR interventions[title] OR "Intervention Studies"[Mesh] OR intervention[ot] OR interventions[ot]) AND (antibiot*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title] OR antibiot*[ot] OR antimicrobial*[ot])) OR ((antibiot*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title] OR antibiot*[ot] OR antimicrobial*[ot]) AND "Program Evaluation"[Mesh]) OR ((feedback[title] OR feedback[ot]) AND (antibiot*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title] OR antibiot*[ot] OR antimicrobial*[ot])) OR ((audit[title] OR audits[title] OR audit[ot] OR audits[ot]) AND (antibiot*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title] OR antibiot*[ot] OR antimicrobial*[ot])) OR ((((((((antibiot*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title] OR antibiot*[ot] OR antimicrobial*[ot]))) OR "Methicillin Resistance"[Mesh])) OR "Drug Resistance"[Mesh])) AND (((("Drug Utilization"[Mesh]) AND "Guideline Adherence"[Mesh])) OR "Benchmarking"[Mesh])) OR (("Pharmacology, Clinical"[Mesh] OR "Pharmacy Service, Hospital"[Mesh]) AND ("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] AND "Anti-Bacterial Agents"[MAJR]))) OR ((((((("Medical Audit"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Audit"[Mesh:noexp] OR audit[tiab] OR audits[tiab] OR audit[ot] OR audits[ot])) AND (("Feedback, Psychological"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Feedback"[Mesh:noexp] OR feedback[tiab] OR feedback[ot])))) OR ((intervention[tiab] OR interventions[tiab] OR "Intervention Studies"[Mesh]) AND ("Feedback, Psychological"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Feedback"[Mesh:noexp] OR feedback[tiab] OR feedback[ot]))) OR ((intervention[tiab] OR interventions[tiab] OR "Intervention Studies"[Mesh]) AND ("Medical Audit"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Audit"[Mesh:noexp] OR audit[tiab] OR audits[tiab] OR audit[ot] OR audits[ot]))) AND (((((("Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:noexp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial polic*[tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic*[tiab] OR anti-infective polic*[tiab] OR ration*[title] OR prescribe*[title]))) OR ("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR Antifungal Agents[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab]))) OR ("Drug Resistance"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Drug Resistance, Microbial"[Mesh] OR "Drug Resistance, Multiple"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh] OR antibiogram*[tiab] OR resistance[tiab] OR hypervirul*[tiab] OR resist*[tiab] OR MDRO[tiab] OR MDROs[tiab]))) OR ((((("Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteremia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteremia/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteremia"[Majr:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Brain Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Brain Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Brain Abscess"[Majr:noexp] OR "Empyema, Subdural/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural"[Majr] OR "Epidural Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal"[Majr] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial"[Majr] OR
* Search strategies were developed and built by the Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh. For each PICO question, the librarians developed the search strategies using PubMed’s command language and appropriate search fields. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords were used for the main search concepts of each PICO question.
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"Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Endophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endophthalmitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Endophthalmitis"[Majr] OR "Fournier Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fournier Gangrene/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fournier Gangrene"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Bordetella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bordetella Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bordetella Infections"[Majr] OR "Lyme Disease/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lyme Disease/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Lyme Disease"[Majr] OR "Campylobacter Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter Infections"[Majr] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Legionellosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Legionellosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Legionellosis"[Majr] OR "Leptospirosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Leptospirosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Leptospirosis"[Majr] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections"[Majr] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Gonorrhea/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gonorrhea/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Gonorrhea"[Majr] OR "Meningococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningococcal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningococcal Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinobacillus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Actinobacillus Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Actinobacillus Infections"[Majr] OR "Haemophilus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Haemophilus Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Haemophilus Infections"[Majr] OR "Pasteurella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurella Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurella Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic"[Majr] OR "Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pseudomonas Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pseudomonas Infections"[Majr] OR "Vibrio Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vibrio Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Vibrio Infections"[Majr] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis"[Majr] OR "Corynebacterium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Corynebacterium Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Corynebacterium Infections"[Majr] OR "Clostridium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Clostridium Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Clostridium Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous"[Majr] OR "Enterotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterotoxemia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Enterotoxemia"[Majr] OR "Gas Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gas Gangrene/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Gas Gangrene"[Majr] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Erysipeloid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Erysipeloid/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Erysipeloid"[Majr] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections"[Majr] OR "Streptococcal Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Streptococcal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Streptococcal Infections"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Chlamydial Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydial Pneumonia"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal"[Majr] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention
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and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases"[Majr:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Chancroid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chancroid/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Chancroid"[Majr] OR "Chlamydia Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydia Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydia Infections"[Majr] OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial"[Majr] OR "Ecthyma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ecthyma/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Ecthyma"[Majr] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing"[Majr] OR "Granuloma Inguinale/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Granuloma Inguinale/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Granuloma Inguinale"[Majr] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections"[Majr] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial"[Majr] OR "Infection"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious"[Majr] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious"[Majr:noexp] OR "Osteomyelitis"[Majr] OR "Osteomyelitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Osteomyelitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Spondylitis"[Majr] OR "Spondylitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Spondylitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections"[Majr] OR "Coinfection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Coinfection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Coinfection"[Majr] OR "Communicable Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Communicable Diseases/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Communicable Diseases"[Majr] OR "Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Community-Acquired Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Community-Acquired Infections"[Majr] OR "Cross Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection"[Majr] OR "Eye Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Fungal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Panophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Panophthalmitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Panophthalmitis"[Majr] OR "Focal Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Focal Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Focal Infection"[Majr] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative"[Majr] OR "Intraabdominal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Intraabdominal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Intraabdominal Infections"[Majr] OR "Laboratory Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Laboratory Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Laboratory Infection"[Majr] OR "Ludwig's Angina/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ludwig's Angina/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Ludwig's Angina"[Majr] OR "Pelvic Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pelvic Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pelvic Infection"[Majr] OR "Asymptomatic Infections"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious"[Majr] OR "Reproductive Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Tract Infections"[Majr] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections"[Majr] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchitis/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchitis"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans"[Majr] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic"[Majr] OR "Common Cold/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Common Cold/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Common Cold"[Majr] OR "Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Empyema, Pleural/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Empyema, Pleural"[Majr:noexp] OR "Influenza, Human/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Influenza, Human/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Influenza, Human"[Majr] OR "Laryngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Laryngitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Laryngitis"[Majr] OR "Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Lung Abscess"[Majr] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis, Allergic
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Bronchopulmonary"[Majr] OR "Pharyngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pharyngitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pharyngitis"[Majr] OR "Pleurisy/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleurisy/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pleurisy"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchopneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchopneumonia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bronchopneumonia"[Majr] OR "Pleuropneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleuropneumonia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pleuropneumonia"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Viral/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Viral"[Majr] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome"[Majr] OR "Sinusitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sinusitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Sinusitis"[Majr] OR "Supraglottitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Supraglottitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Supraglottitis"[Majr] OR "Tracheitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Tracheitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Tracheitis"[Majr] OR "Whooping Cough/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Whooping Cough/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Whooping Cough"[Majr] OR "Sepsis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sepsis/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sepsis"[Majr:noexp] OR "Endotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endotoxemia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Endotoxemia"[Majr] OR "Fungemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fungemia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fungemia"[Majr] OR "Shock, Septic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Shock, Septic/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Shock, Septic"[Majr] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious"[Majr] OR "Cellulitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cellulitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Cellulitis"[Majr] OR "Paronychia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Paronychia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Paronychia"[Majr] OR "Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Soft Tissue Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Soft Tissue Infections"[Majr] OR "Suppuration/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Suppuration/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Suppuration"[Majr:noexp] OR "Abdominal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Abdominal Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Abdominal Abscess"[Majr] OR "Periapical Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periapical Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Periapical Abscess"[Majr] OR "Periodontal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periodontal Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Periodontal Abscess"[Majr] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess"[Majr] OR "Psoas Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Psoas Abscess"[Majr] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess"[Majr] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa"[Majr] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative"[Majr] OR "Pyomyositis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyomyositis"[Majr] OR "Thyroiditis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Thyroiditis, Suppurative"[Majr] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative"[Majr] OR "Toxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Toxemia/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Toxemia"[Majr:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteriuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacteriuria/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bacteriuria"[Majr] OR "Pyuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyuria/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pyuria"[Majr] OR "Wound Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Wound Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Wound Infection"[Majr] OR "Fever/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Fever/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Fever"[Majr:noexp] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin"[Majr] OR "Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoses/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Mycoses"[Majr] OR "Candidiasis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Candidiasis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Candidiasis"[Majr] OR "Central Nervous System Fungal Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Fungal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Aspergillosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis"[Majr] OR "Fusariosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fusariosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusariosis"[Majr] OR "Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Opportunistic Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Opportunistic Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Superinfection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Superinfection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Superinfection"[Majr] OR "Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection"[Majr:noexp]))) AND (((feedback[title] OR feedback[ot])))) AND ("Feedback, Psychological"[Majr:noexp] OR
5
"Feedback"[Majr:noexp] OR feedback[title] OR feedback[ot])) OR (((academic detail*[tiab] AND (antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrobial*[tiab]))) OR ((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR Antifungal Agents[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab])) AND academic detail*[tiab])))) OR (((((stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot])) AND ("Medical Audit"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Audit"[Mesh] OR audit[tiab] OR audits[tiab] OR audit[ot] OR audits[ot]))) OR (((stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot])) AND ("Feedback, Psychological"[Mesh] OR "Feedback"[Mesh] OR feedback[tiab] OR feedback[ot]))) (((((((((((("Education, Professional"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Education, Continuing"[Mesh] OR "Curriculum"[Mesh] OR "Educational Measurement"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Models, Educational"[Mesh] OR "Professional Competence"[Mesh] OR "Internship and Residency"[Mesh] OR educat*[tiab] OR educat*[ot] OR "education"[Subheading])) OR ((Newsletter[tiab] OR newsletters[tiab] OR (mailing[tiab] OR mailing/iming[tiab] OR mailing/posting[tiab] OR mailing'[tiab] OR mailinglist[tiab] OR mailinglists[tiab] OR mailings[tiab]) OR Posters[tiab] OR "Audiovisual Aids"[Mesh] OR "Communications Media"[Mesh] OR "pamphlets"[MeSH Terms] OR leaflet[tiab] OR leaflets[tiab] OR booklet[tiab] OR booklets[tiab] OR poster[tiab] OR posters[tiab]))) OR (passive[tiab] OR session*[tiab] OR workshop*[tiab] OR visit*[tiab] OR multidisciplin*[tiab] OR training[tiab] OR conferences[tiab] OR trainee*[tiab] OR vignette*[tiab] OR "Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice"[MeSH Terms])) OR (behavior*[tiab] OR behaviour*[tiab]))) AND (stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot]))) OR ((((((((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab])) AND ("Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:noexp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial polic*[tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic*[tiab] OR anti-infective polic*[tiab]))) OR ((((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab])) AND ("Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:noexp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial polic*[tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic*[tiab] OR anti-infective polic*[tiab]))) OR ((("Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:noexp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial polic*[tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic*[tiab] OR anti-infective polic*[tiab])) AND ("Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteria, Aerobic/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacteria, Anaerobic/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Blood-Borne Pathogens/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacteroidetes/drug effects"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Endospore-Forming Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bartonellaceae/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiales/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Oxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Helicobacter/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Lawsonia Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh])))) OR (((((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab])) AND ("Communicable Disease Control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh] OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh]))) OR ((("Drug Resistance"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Drug Resistance, Microbial"[Mesh] OR "Drug Resistance, Multiple"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh] OR antibiogram*[tiab] OR resistance[tiab] OR hypervirul*[tiab] OR resist*[tiab] OR MDRO[tiab] OR MDROs[tiab])) AND ("Communicable Disease Control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh] OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh]))) AND ("Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteremia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR
6
"Bacteremia/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteremia"[Majr:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Brain Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Brain Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Brain Abscess"[Majr:noexp] OR "Empyema, Subdural/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural"[Majr] OR "Epidural Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal"[Majr] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial"[Majr] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Endophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endophthalmitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Endophthalmitis"[Majr] OR "Fournier Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fournier Gangrene/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fournier Gangrene"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Bordetella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bordetella Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bordetella Infections"[Majr] OR "Lyme Disease/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lyme Disease/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Lyme Disease"[Majr] OR "Campylobacter Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter Infections"[Majr] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Legionellosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Legionellosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Legionellosis"[Majr] OR "Leptospirosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Leptospirosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Leptospirosis"[Majr] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections"[Majr] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Gonorrhea/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gonorrhea/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Gonorrhea"[Majr] OR "Meningococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningococcal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningococcal Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinobacillus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Actinobacillus Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Actinobacillus Infections"[Majr] OR "Haemophilus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Haemophilus Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Haemophilus Infections"[Majr] OR "Pasteurella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurella Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurella Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic"[Majr] OR "Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pseudomonas Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pseudomonas Infections"[Majr] OR "Vibrio Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vibrio Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Vibrio Infections"[Majr] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis"[Majr] OR "Corynebacterium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Corynebacterium Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Corynebacterium Infections"[Majr] OR "Clostridium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Clostridium Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Clostridium Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous"[Majr] OR "Enterotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterotoxemia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Enterotoxemia"[Majr] OR "Gas
7
Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gas Gangrene/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Gas Gangrene"[Majr] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Erysipeloid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Erysipeloid/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Erysipeloid"[Majr] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections"[Majr] OR "Streptococcal Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Streptococcal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Streptococcal Infections"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Chlamydial Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydial Pneumonia"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal"[Majr] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases"[Majr:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Chancroid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chancroid/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Chancroid"[Majr] OR "Chlamydia Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydia Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydia Infections"[Majr] OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial"[Majr] OR "Ecthyma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ecthyma/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Ecthyma"[Majr] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing"[Majr] OR "Granuloma Inguinale/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Granuloma Inguinale/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Granuloma Inguinale"[Majr] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections"[Majr] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial"[Majr] OR "Infection"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious"[Majr] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious"[Majr:noexp] OR "Osteomyelitis"[Majr] OR "Osteomyelitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Osteomyelitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Spondylitis"[Majr] OR "Spondylitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Spondylitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections"[Majr] OR "Coinfection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Coinfection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Coinfection"[Majr] OR "Communicable Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Communicable Diseases/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Communicable Diseases"[Majr] OR "Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Community-Acquired Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Community-Acquired Infections"[Majr] OR "Cross Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection"[Majr] OR "Eye Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Fungal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Panophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Panophthalmitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Panophthalmitis"[Majr] OR "Focal Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Focal Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Focal Infection"[Majr] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative"[Majr] OR "Intraabdominal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Intraabdominal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Intraabdominal Infections"[Majr] OR "Laboratory Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Laboratory Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Laboratory Infection"[Majr] OR "Ludwig's Angina/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ludwig's Angina/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Ludwig's Angina"[Majr] OR "Pelvic Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pelvic Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pelvic Infection"[Majr] OR "Asymptomatic Infections"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious"[Majr] OR "Reproductive Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Tract Infections"[Majr] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections"[Majr] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections/drug
8
therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchitis/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchitis"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans"[Majr] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic"[Majr] OR "Common Cold/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Common Cold/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Common Cold"[Majr] OR "Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Empyema, Pleural/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Empyema, Pleural"[Majr:noexp] OR "Influenza, Human/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Influenza, Human/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Influenza, Human"[Majr] OR "Laryngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Laryngitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Laryngitis"[Majr] OR "Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Lung Abscess"[Majr] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary"[Majr] OR "Pharyngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pharyngitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pharyngitis"[Majr] OR "Pleurisy/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleurisy/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pleurisy"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchopneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchopneumonia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bronchopneumonia"[Majr] OR "Pleuropneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleuropneumonia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pleuropneumonia"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Viral/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Viral"[Majr] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome"[Majr] OR "Sinusitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sinusitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Sinusitis"[Majr] OR "Supraglottitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Supraglottitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Supraglottitis"[Majr] OR "Tracheitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Tracheitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Tracheitis"[Majr] OR "Whooping Cough/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Whooping Cough/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Whooping Cough"[Majr] OR "Sepsis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sepsis/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sepsis"[Majr:noexp] OR "Endotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endotoxemia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Endotoxemia"[Majr] OR "Fungemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fungemia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fungemia"[Majr] OR "Shock, Septic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Shock, Septic/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Shock, Septic"[Majr] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious"[Majr] OR "Cellulitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cellulitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Cellulitis"[Majr] OR "Paronychia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Paronychia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Paronychia"[Majr] OR "Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Soft Tissue Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Soft Tissue Infections"[Majr] OR "Suppuration/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Suppuration/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Suppuration"[Majr:noexp] OR "Abdominal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Abdominal Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Abdominal Abscess"[Majr] OR "Periapical Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periapical Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Periapical Abscess"[Majr] OR "Periodontal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periodontal Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Periodontal Abscess"[Majr] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess"[Majr] OR "Psoas Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Psoas Abscess"[Majr] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess"[Majr] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa"[Majr] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative"[Majr] OR "Pyomyositis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyomyositis"[Majr] OR "Thyroiditis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Thyroiditis, Suppurative"[Majr] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative"[Majr] OR "Toxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Toxemia/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Toxemia"[Majr:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteriuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacteriuria/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bacteriuria"[Majr] OR "Pyuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyuria/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pyuria"[Majr] OR "Wound Infection/drug
9
therapy"[Mesh] OR "Wound Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Wound Infection"[Majr] OR "Fever/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Fever/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Fever"[Majr:noexp] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin"[Majr] OR "Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoses/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Mycoses"[Majr] OR "Candidiasis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Candidiasis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Candidiasis"[Majr] OR "Central Nervous System Fungal Infections"[Mesh] OR "Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Fungal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Aspergillosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis"[Majr] OR "Fusariosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fusariosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusariosis"[Majr]))) OR (("Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:noexp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial polic*[tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic*[tiab] OR anti-infective polic*[tiab]) AND ("Bacteria"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteria, Aerobic"[Majr] OR "Bacteria, Anaerobic"[Majr] OR "Bacteroidetes"[Majr:noexp] OR "Blood-Borne Pathogens"[Majr] OR "Endospore-Forming Bacteria"[Majr] OR "Fusobacteria"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Bacteria"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bartonellaceae"[Majr] OR "Campylobacter"[Majr] OR "Chlamydiales"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Oxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria"[Majr] OR "Lawsonia Bacteria"[Majr] OR "Gram-Positive Bacteria"[Majr])))) AND (((("Education, Professional"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Education, Continuing"[Mesh] OR "Curriculum"[Mesh] OR "Educational Measurement"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Models, Educational"[Mesh] OR "Professional Competence"[Mesh] OR "Internship and Residency"[Mesh] OR educat*[tiab] OR educat*[ot] OR "education"[Subheading])) OR (((behavior*[tiab] OR behaviour*[tiab]) AND intervention*[all fields]))) OR (passive[tiab] OR session*[tiab] OR workshop*[tiab] OR training[tiab])))) OR (((((("Anti-Infective Agents"[Majr] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR Antifungal Agents[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab]))) AND (((changing[tiab] AND (behavior[tiab] OR behaviour[tiab]))) AND (physician*[tiab] OR provider*[tiab])))) OR (intervention[title] OR interventions[title] AND (changing[title] AND (behavior[title] OR behaviour[title]))))) OR (((((((((Knowledge[tiab] AND (stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot]))) OR (educat*[title] OR "Education, Professional"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Education, Continuing"[Mesh])) OR ((opinion[tiab] OR education*[tiab] OR influential[tiab]) AND leader*[tiab])) OR ("Peer Review, Health Care"[Mesh] OR Academic detail*[tiab] OR (detailing[tiab] AND educat*[tiab])))) OR ((("Education, Professional"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Education, Continuing"[Mesh] OR "Curriculum"[Mesh] OR "Educational Measurement"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Models, Educational"[Mesh] OR educat*[tiab] OR "education"[subheading])) AND "Program Evaluation"[Mesh]))) AND ("Anti-Infective Agents"[Majr] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR Antifungal Agents[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab])))) OR (((prescrib*[tiab] AND antibiot*[tiab] AND (behavior*[tiab] OR behaviour*[tiab]))) AND (strateg*[tiab] OR educat*[tiab] OR intervention*[tiab] OR training[tiab])) ((((((("Intraabdominal Infections"[Mesh]) OR ( "Abdominal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Abdominal Abscess/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Abdominal Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Abdominal Abscess/therapy"[Mesh] )) OR ( "Abdomen/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Abdomen/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Abdomen/pathology"[Mesh] )) OR ( "Peritonitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Peritonitis/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Peritonitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] ) OR peritonitis[tiab] OR diverticulitis[tiab] OR appendicitis[tiab] OR (("Urinary Tract Infections"[Mesh]) OR "Cystitis"[Mesh]) OR "Urinalysis"[Mesh] OR (("Bacterial Infections and Mycoses"[Mesh]) OR "Bacteria"[Mesh]) AND "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR “urinary tract infection”[tiab] OR UTI[tiab] OR UTIs[tiab] OR bacteriuria*[tiab] OR pyuria*[tiab] OR cystitis[tiab] OR (("Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus"[Mesh]) OR ("Methicillin Resistance"[Mesh]) AND "Staphylococcus aureus"[Mesh]) OR MRSA[Text Word] OR ("Clostridium difficile"[Mesh]) OR "Clostridium Infections"[Mesh] OR C. diff*[tiab] OR cellulitis[text word] OR ( "Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/isolation and purification"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/therapy"[Mesh] ) OR abscess*[tiab] OR “skin infections”[tiab] OR “skin structure infections”[tiab])) AND (((("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR
10
"Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR steward*[tiab] OR “antibiotic policy”[tiab] OR “antibiotic policies”[tiab] OR “antibiotic consumption”[tiab] OR “antimicrobial policies”[tiab] OR anti-infective policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic use”[tiab] OR “Antibiotic management”[tiab] OR appropriate antibiotic treatment[ot] OR Antibiotic policy[ot] OR Rational drug use[ot] OR antibiotic use[ot] OR stewardship[ot])) OR “Antibiotic management” [tiab] OR “antibiotic control”[tiab] OR “antimicrobial control”[tiab] OR "dosing strategies"[tiab])))) AND (((("Hospital Units"[Mesh] OR "Hospital Departments"[Mesh] OR "Hospitalization"[Mesh] OR "Inpatients"[Mesh] OR "Hospitals"[Mesh] OR "Point-of-Care Systems"[Mesh] OR "Institutional Practice"[Mesh] OR "Intensive Care"[Mesh]) OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR acute care[tiab] OR hospital unit*[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR hospitalized[tiab] OR ward[tiab] OR wards[tiab] OR facility-specific[tiab] OR unit-specific[tiab] OR hospital-wide[tiab] OR stratif*[tiab] OR institution-wide[tiab] OR location-stratified[tiab] OR Intensive care[ot] OR ICU[ot] OR ICUs[ot] OR SICU[tiab] OR point of care[ot] OR ward[ot] OR stratified[ot] OR local[tiab] OR "hospital mortality" [Mesh]))) ((“Antibiotic diversity” [tiab] OR “Antibiotic heterogeneity”[tiab] OR "antibiotic cycling"[tiab])) OR (((((((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial[tiab] OR antiinfective* [tiab] OR anti-infective* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab])) OR "Anti-Infective Agents/classification"[Mesh])) AND (((("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR steward*[tiab] OR “antibiotic policy”[tiab] OR “antibiotic policies”[tiab] OR “antibiotic consumption”[tiab] OR “antimicrobial policies”[tiab] OR anti-infective policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic use”[tiab] OR “Antibiotic management”[tiab] OR appropriate antibiotic treatment[ot] OR Antibiotic policy[ot] OR Rational drug use[ot] OR antibiotic use[ot] OR stewardship[ot])) OR “Antibiotic management” [tiab] OR “antibiotic control”[tiab] OR “antimicrobial control”[tiab] OR "dosing strategies"[tiab]) OR "Drug Administration Schedule"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh])) AND ((diversity AND antimicrobial AND resist*[ti] AND hospital*[tiab]) OR (("antimicrobial susceptibility”[OT] OR susceptibility pattern*[OT] OR antimicrobial susceptibility[tiab] OR antimicrobial susceptibilities[tiab] OR (“antibiotic strategies”[tiab] OR Antibiotic diversity [tiab] OR Antibiotic heterogeneity[tiab] OR “antibiotic mixing”[tiab] OR “antibiotic protocols”[tiab] OR antibiotic cycling[tiab] OR Drug rotation[tiab] OR Dosing regimens[tiab] OR “Reduction strategies”[tiab] OR “rotating antibiotics”[tiab] OR “antimicrobial selection”[tiab] OR “Antibiotic rotation”[tiab])))))) AND (((((((((((((("Hospitals"[Mesh]) OR "Hospitalization"[Mesh]) OR "Hospital Units"[Mesh]) OR "Institutional Practice"[Mesh]) OR "Organizational Policy"[Mesh]) OR "Intensive Care"[Mesh]) OR "Inpatients"[Mesh]) OR "Infection Control"[Mesh:noexp]) OR "Health Facilities"[Mesh])) OR (inpatient*[tiab] OR hospitalized[tiab] OR ward[tiab] OR “intensive care”[tiab] OR ICU[tiab] OR wards[tiab] OR hospitals[tiab] OR "acute care facilities"[tiab] OR "hospital unit*"[tiab])) OR ("Physician's Practice Patterns"[Mesh]) OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR intensive care[ot]) OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh] OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh] OR ("Cross Infection/economics"[Mesh] OR superinfection[tiab] OR "Cross Infection/epidemiology"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] )))) (((("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic consumption”[tiab] OR antimicrobial policies [tiab] OR anti-infective policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic management”[tiab] OR “Antibiotic management”[tiab] OR appropriate antibiotic treatment[ot] OR Antibiotic policy[ot] OR Rational drug use[ot] OR antibiotic use[ot] OR stewardship[ot])) AND (((((((((((("Hospitals"[Mesh]) OR "Hospitalization"[Mesh]) OR "Hospital Units"[Mesh]) OR "Institutional Practice"[Mesh]) OR "Organizational Policy"[Mesh]) OR "Intensive Care"[Mesh]) OR "Inpatients"[Mesh]) OR "Infection Control"[Mesh:noexp]) OR "Health Facilities"[Mesh])) OR (inpatient*[tiab] OR hospitalized[tiab] OR ward[tiab] OR “intensive care”[tiab] OR wards[tiab] OR "acute care facilities"[tiab] OR "hospital unit*"[tiab])) OR ("Physician's Practice Patterns"[Mesh]) OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR intensive care[ot]))) AND (Collateral damage[tiab] OR Collateral effect[tiab] OR Unintended consequence*[tiab] OR Mortality[ot] OR Impact[tiab]) ((((("Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted"[Mesh] OR "Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems"[Mesh] OR "Hospital Information Systems"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Medical Order Entry Systems"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems"[Mesh] OR "Point-of-Care Systems"[Mesh] OR "Therapy, Computer-Assisted"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Decision Making, Computer-Assisted"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Medical Informatics Applications"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems"[Mesh] OR "Information Systems"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Medical Records Systems, Computerized"[Mesh] OR "Decision Support Techniques"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Decision Support Systems, Clinical"[Mesh] OR "Electronic Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Meaningful Use"[Mesh] OR "Systems Integration"[Mesh] OR "Computers"[Mesh] OR "Computer Systems"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Information Management"[Mesh] OR "Software"[Mesh:noexp]) OR
11
(Electronic[title] OR "decision support"[tiab] OR cpoe[tiab] OR cpoes[tiab] OR order entry[tiab] OR "order set"[tiab] OR "order sets"[tiab] OR ehr[tiab] OR ehrs[tiab]) OR (Comput*[title] NOT Computed[title])))) AND ((((((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab])) AND ("Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:noexp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial polic*[tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic*[tiab] OR anti-infective polic*[tiab]))) OR ((((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab])) AND ("Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:noexp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial polic*[tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic*[tiab] OR anti-infective polic*[tiab]))) OR ((("Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:noexp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial polic*[tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic*[tiab] OR anti-infective polic*[tiab])) AND ("Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteria, Aerobic/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacteria, Anaerobic/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Blood-Borne Pathogens/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacteroidetes/drug effects"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Endospore-Forming Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bartonellaceae/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiales/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Oxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Helicobacter/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Lawsonia Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects"[Mesh])))) OR (((((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab])) AND ("Communicable Disease Control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh] OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh]))) OR ((("Drug Resistance"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Drug Resistance, Microbial"[Mesh] OR "Drug Resistance, Multiple"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh] OR antibiogram*[tiab] OR resistance[tiab] OR hypervirul*[tiab] OR resist*[tiab] OR MDRO[tiab] OR MDROs[tiab])) AND ("Communicable Disease Control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh] OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh]))) AND ("Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteremia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteremia/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteremia"[Majr:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Brain Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Brain Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Brain Abscess"[Majr:noexp] OR "Empyema, Subdural/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural"[Majr] OR "Epidural Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus"[Majr] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal"[Majr] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial"[Majr] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Endophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endophthalmitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Endophthalmitis"[Majr] OR "Fournier Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh]
12
OR "Fournier Gangrene/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fournier Gangrene"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Bordetella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bordetella Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bordetella Infections"[Majr] OR "Lyme Disease/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lyme Disease/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Lyme Disease"[Majr] OR "Campylobacter Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter Infections"[Majr] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Legionellosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Legionellosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Legionellosis"[Majr] OR "Leptospirosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Leptospirosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Leptospirosis"[Majr] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections"[Majr] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections"[Majr] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Gonorrhea/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gonorrhea/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Gonorrhea"[Majr] OR "Meningococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningococcal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningococcal Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinobacillus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Actinobacillus Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Actinobacillus Infections"[Majr] OR "Haemophilus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Haemophilus Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Haemophilus Infections"[Majr] OR "Pasteurella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurella Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurella Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic"[Majr] OR "Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pseudomonas Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pseudomonas Infections"[Majr] OR "Vibrio Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vibrio Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Vibrio Infections"[Majr] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis"[Majr] OR "Corynebacterium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Corynebacterium Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Corynebacterium Infections"[Majr] OR "Clostridium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Clostridium Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Clostridium Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous"[Majr] OR "Enterotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterotoxemia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Enterotoxemia"[Majr] OR "Gas Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gas Gangrene/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Gas Gangrene"[Majr] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Erysipeloid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Erysipeloid/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Erysipeloid"[Majr] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections"[Majr] OR "Streptococcal Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Streptococcal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Streptococcal Infections"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Chlamydial Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydial Pneumonia"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal"[Majr] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases"[Majr:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Chancroid/drug therapy"[Mesh]
13
OR "Chancroid/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Chancroid"[Majr] OR "Chlamydia Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydia Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydia Infections"[Majr] OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial"[Majr:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial"[Majr] OR "Ecthyma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ecthyma/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Ecthyma"[Majr] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing"[Majr] OR "Granuloma Inguinale/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Granuloma Inguinale/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Granuloma Inguinale"[Majr] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections"[Majr] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial"[Majr] OR "Infection"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious"[Majr] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious"[Majr:noexp] OR "Osteomyelitis"[Majr] OR "Osteomyelitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Osteomyelitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Spondylitis"[Majr] OR "Spondylitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Spondylitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections"[Majr] OR "Coinfection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Coinfection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Coinfection"[Majr] OR "Communicable Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Communicable Diseases/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Communicable Diseases"[Majr] OR "Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Community-Acquired Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Community-Acquired Infections"[Majr] OR "Cross Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection"[Majr] OR "Eye Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Eye Infections, Fungal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Panophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Panophthalmitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Panophthalmitis"[Majr] OR "Focal Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Focal Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Focal Infection"[Majr] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative"[Majr] OR "Intraabdominal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Intraabdominal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Intraabdominal Infections"[Majr] OR "Laboratory Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Laboratory Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Laboratory Infection"[Majr] OR "Ludwig's Angina/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ludwig's Angina/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Ludwig's Angina"[Majr] OR "Pelvic Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pelvic Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pelvic Infection"[Majr] OR "Asymptomatic Infections"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious"[Majr] OR "Reproductive Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Tract Infections"[Majr] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections"[Majr] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchitis/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchitis"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans"[Majr] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic"[Majr] OR "Common Cold/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Common Cold/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Common Cold"[Majr] OR "Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Empyema, Pleural/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Empyema, Pleural"[Majr:noexp] OR "Influenza, Human/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Influenza, Human/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Influenza, Human"[Majr] OR "Laryngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Laryngitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Laryngitis"[Majr] OR "Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Lung Abscess"[Majr] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary"[Majr] OR "Pharyngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pharyngitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pharyngitis"[Majr] OR "Pleurisy/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleurisy/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pleurisy"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia/prevention and
14
control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pneumonia"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bronchopneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchopneumonia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bronchopneumonia"[Majr] OR "Pleuropneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleuropneumonia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pleuropneumonia"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated"[Majr] OR "Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Viral/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Viral"[Majr] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome"[Majr] OR "Sinusitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sinusitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Sinusitis"[Majr] OR "Supraglottitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Supraglottitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Supraglottitis"[Majr] OR "Tracheitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Tracheitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Tracheitis"[Majr] OR "Whooping Cough/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Whooping Cough/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Whooping Cough"[Majr] OR "Sepsis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sepsis/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sepsis"[Majr:noexp] OR "Endotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endotoxemia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Endotoxemia"[Majr] OR "Fungemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fungemia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fungemia"[Majr] OR "Shock, Septic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Shock, Septic/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Shock, Septic"[Majr] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious"[Majr] OR "Cellulitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cellulitis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Cellulitis"[Majr] OR "Paronychia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Paronychia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Paronychia"[Majr] OR "Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Soft Tissue Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Soft Tissue Infections"[Majr] OR "Suppuration/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Suppuration/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Suppuration"[Majr:noexp] OR "Abdominal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Abdominal Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Abdominal Abscess"[Majr] OR "Periapical Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periapical Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Periapical Abscess"[Majr] OR "Periodontal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periodontal Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Periodontal Abscess"[Majr] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess"[Majr] OR "Psoas Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Psoas Abscess"[Majr] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess"[Majr] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa"[Majr] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative"[Majr] OR "Pyomyositis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyomyositis"[Majr] OR "Thyroiditis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Thyroiditis, Suppurative"[Majr] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative"[Majr] OR "Toxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Toxemia/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Toxemia"[Majr:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteriuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacteriuria/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bacteriuria"[Majr] OR "Pyuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyuria/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Pyuria"[Majr] OR "Wound Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Wound Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Wound Infection"[Majr] OR "Fever/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Fever/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Fever"[Majr:noexp] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin"[Majr] OR "Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoses/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Mycoses"[Majr] OR "Candidiasis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Candidiasis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Candidiasis"[Majr] OR "Central Nervous System Fungal Infections"[Mesh] OR "Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Fungal"[Majr:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Aspergillosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Aspergillosis"[Majr] OR "Fusariosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fusariosis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusariosis"[Majr]))) OR (("Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:noexp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial polic*[tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic*[tiab] OR anti-infective polic*[tiab]) AND ("Bacteria"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bacteria, Aerobic"[Majr] OR "Bacteria, Anaerobic"[Majr] OR "Bacteroidetes"[Majr:noexp] OR "Blood-Borne Pathogens"[Majr] OR "Endospore-Forming Bacteria"[Majr] OR "Fusobacteria"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Bacteria"[Majr:noexp] OR "Bartonellaceae"[Majr] OR "Campylobacter"[Majr] OR "Chlamydiales"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative
15
Facultatively Anaerobic Rods"[Majr] OR "Gram-Negative Oxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria"[Majr] OR "Lawsonia Bacteria"[Majr] OR "Gram-Positive Bacteria"[Majr])))) OR ((Electronic[title]) AND ((prescrib*[tiab] OR prescrip*[tiab] OR treatment[tiab] OR therapy[tiab] OR prophyl*[tiab] OR administrat*[tiab] OR stewardship[tiab]) OR ((((((((((((((("Hospitals"[Mesh]) OR "Hospitalization"[Mesh]) OR "Hospital Units"[Mesh]) OR "Institutional Practice"[Mesh]) OR "Organizational Policy"[Mesh]) OR "Intensive Care"[Mesh]) OR "Inpatients"[Mesh]) OR "Infection Control"[Mesh:noexp]) OR "Health Facilities"[Mesh])) OR (inpatient*[tiab] OR hospitalized[tiab] OR ward[tiab] OR "intensive care"[tiab] OR ICU[tiab] OR wards[tiab] OR hospitals[tiab] OR "acute care facilities"[tiab] OR "hospital unit*"[tiab])) OR ("Physician's Practice Patterns"[Mesh]) OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR intensive care[ot]) OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh] OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh] OR ("Cross Infection/economics"[Mesh] OR superinfection[tiab] OR "Cross Infection/epidemiology"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh]))))) AND ("Anti-Infective Agents"[Majr] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR Antifungal Agents[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab])) OR (((Comput*[title] NOT Computed[title]) AND (prescrib*[tiab] OR prescrip*[tiab] OR treatment[tiab] OR therapy[tiab] OR prophyl*[tiab] OR administrat*[tiab] OR stewardship[tiab]) AND ("Anti-Infective Agents"[Majr] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR Antifungal Agents[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab])) AND (inprocess[sb])) OR (("decision support"[tiab] OR order entry[tiab] OR "order set"[tiab] OR "order sets"[tiab] OR cpoe[tiab] OR cpoes[tiab] OR ehr[tiab] OR ehrs[tiab]) AND (stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot])) OR (("Anti-Infective Agents"[Majr] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR Antifungal Agents[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab]) AND ("decision support"[tiab] OR order entry[tiab] OR "order set"[tiab] OR "order sets"[tiab] OR cpoe[tiab] OR cpoes[tiab] OR ehr[tiab] OR ehrs[tiab])) OR ((medical applicat*[title] OR ipad*[title] OR smart phone*[title] OR mobile device*[title] OR smartphone*[title]) AND (antimicrob*[title] OR antibiot*[title])) ((“Antibiotic diversity” [tiab] OR “Antibiotic heterogeneity”[tiab] OR "antibiotic cycling"[tiab])) OR (((((((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial[tiab] OR antiinfective* [tiab] OR anti-infective* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab])) OR "Anti-Infective Agents/classification"[Mesh])) AND (((("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR steward*[tiab] OR “antibiotic policy”[tiab] OR “antibiotic policies”[tiab] OR “antibiotic consumption”[tiab] OR “antimicrobial policies”[tiab] OR anti-infective policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic use”[tiab] OR “Antibiotic management”[tiab] OR appropriate antibiotic treatment[ot] OR Antibiotic policy[ot] OR Rational drug use[ot] OR antibiotic use[ot] OR stewardship[ot])) OR “Antibiotic management” [tiab] OR “antibiotic control”[tiab] OR “antimicrobial control”[tiab] OR "dosing strategies"[tiab]) OR "Drug Administration Schedule"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh])) AND ((diversity AND antimicrobial AND resist*[ti] AND hospital*[tiab]) OR (("antimicrobial susceptibility”[OT] OR susceptibility pattern*[OT] OR antimicrobial susceptibility[tiab] OR antimicrobial susceptibilities[tiab] OR (“antibiotic strategies”[tiab] OR Antibiotic diversity [tiab] OR Antibiotic heterogeneity[tiab] OR “antibiotic mixing”[tiab] OR “antibiotic protocols”[tiab] OR antibiotic cycling[tiab] OR Drug rotation[tiab] OR Dosing regimens[tiab] OR “Reduction strategies”[tiab] OR “rotating antibiotics”[tiab] OR “antimicrobial selection”[tiab] OR “Antibiotic rotation”[tiab])))))) AND (((((((((((((("Hospitals"[Mesh]) OR "Hospitalization"[Mesh]) OR "Hospital Units"[Mesh]) OR "Institutional Practice"[Mesh]) OR "Organizational Policy"[Mesh]) OR "Intensive Care"[Mesh]) OR "Inpatients"[Mesh]) OR "Infection Control"[Mesh:noexp]) OR "Health Facilities"[Mesh])) OR (inpatient*[tiab] OR hospitalized[tiab] OR ward[tiab] OR “intensive care”[tiab] OR ICU[tiab] OR wards[tiab] OR hospitals[tiab] OR "acute care facilities"[tiab] OR "hospital unit*"[tiab])) OR ("Physician's Practice Patterns"[Mesh]) OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR
16
intensive care[ot]) OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh] OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh] OR ("Cross Infection/economics"[Mesh] OR superinfection[tiab] OR "Cross Infection/epidemiology"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] ))))
17
OPTIMIZATION ((((((((((((continuous[tiab] OR prolonged[tiab] OR extended[tiab])) AND ("short term"[tiab] OR bolus[tiab] OR intermittent[tiab] OR nonextended[tiab] OR "non extended"[tiab] OR optimize[tiab] OR optimizing[tiab] OR optimization[tiab] OR optimized[tiab] OR optimal[tiab] OR stewardship[tiab] OR pharmacodynamic[tiab] OR pharmacodynamics[tiab] OR pharmacokinetic[tiab] OR pharmacokinetics[tiab] OR dosing strateg*[tiab] OR dosing recommend*[tiab] OR economics[tiab] OR cost[tiab] OR costs[tiab] OR "economics"[Mesh] OR "economics"[Subheading])) AND ("Infusions, Parenteral"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infusions, Intravenous"[Mesh] OR "Infusion Pumps"[Mesh:noexp] OR infusion[tiab] OR infusions[tiab] OR intravenous[tiab] OR iv[tiab] OR intravenously[tiab]))) OR ((("Infusions, Parenteral"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infusions, Intravenous"[Mesh] OR "Infusion Pumps"[Mesh:noexp] OR infusion[tiab] OR infusions[tiab] OR intravenous[tiab] OR iv[tiab] OR intravenously[tiab])) AND (pharmacodynamic[tiab] OR pharmacodynamics[tiab]))) OR (((continuous[title] OR prolonged[title] OR extended[title])) AND (infusions[title] OR infusion[title] OR intravenous[title] OR intravenously[title] OR IV[title])))) AND ((piperacillin-tazobactam combination product [Supplementary Concept] OR "Penicillanic Acid/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Penicillanic Acid/analogs and derivatives"[Mesh] OR "Penicillanic Acid/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Penicillanic Acid/economics"[Mesh] OR "Penicillanic Acid/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Piperacillin/therapeutic use"[Mesh]OR "Piperacillin/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Piperacillin/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Piperacillin/analogs and derivatives"[Mesh] OR "Piperacillin/economics"[Mesh] OR "Carbapenems/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Carbapenems/analogs and derivatives"[Mesh] OR "Carbapenems/economics"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactam Resistance"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "beta-Lactams/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/economics"[Mesh] OR "beta- Lactams/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Cephalosporins/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Cephalosporins/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Cephalosporins/economics"[Mesh] OR "Cephalosporins/therapeutic use"[Mesh] "Vancomycin/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/economics"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/analogs and derivatives"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/economics"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR antibiot*[title] OR antimicrob*[title] OR beta-lactam [title] OR beta-lactams [title] OR "Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Bacteremia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Brain Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Endophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fournier Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bordetella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lyme Disease/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Legionellosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Leptospirosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Gonorrhea/drug therapy"[Mesh OR "Meningococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Actinobacillus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Haemophilus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pasteurella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vibrio Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Corynebacterium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Clostridium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gas Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Erysipeloid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydial Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Chancroid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydia Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial/drug
18
therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ecthyma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Granuloma Inguinale/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Osteomyelitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Spondylitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Coinfection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Communicable Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Eye Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Panophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Focal Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Intraabdominal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Laboratory Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ludwig's Angina/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pelvic Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Asymptomatic Infections"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Common Cold/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Laryngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lung Abscess/drug therapy"[Majr] OR "Pharyngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleurisy/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchopneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleuropneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sinusitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Supraglottitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Tracheitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Whooping Cough/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sepsis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Endotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Shock, Septic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cellulitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Paronychia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Suppuration/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Abdominal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periapical Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periodontal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Psoas Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyomyositis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Thyroiditis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Toxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteriuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Wound Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fever/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Superinfection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp])))) OR 14652981[uid])) NOT ("Cystic Fibrosis"[Mesh] OR "cystic fibrosis"[tiab]) ((("Aminoglycosides/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antibiot*[title] OR antimicrob*[title] OR anti-microbial*[title] OR vacomycin[tiab] OR Aminoglycoside*[tiab] OR beta-Lactam*[tiab] OR gentamicin[tiab] OR tobramycin[tiab] OR amikacin[tiab] OR "anti-bacterial Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteremia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Brain Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Endophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fournier Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bordetella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lyme Disease/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Legionellosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Leptospirosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gonorrhea/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinobacillus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Haemophilus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pasteurella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pseudomonas
19
Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vibrio Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Corynebacterium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Clostridium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gas Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Erysipeloid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydial Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Chancroid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydia Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ecthyma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Granuloma Inguinale/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Osteomyelitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Spondylitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Coinfection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Communicable Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Eye Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Panophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Focal Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Intraabdominal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Laboratory Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ludwig's Angina/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pelvic Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Asymptomatic Infections"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Common Cold/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Laryngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lung Abscess/drug therapy"[Majr] OR "Pharyngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleurisy/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchopneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleuropneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sinusitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Supraglottitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Tracheitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Whooping Cough/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sepsis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Endotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Shock, Septic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cellulitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Paronychia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Suppuration/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Abdominal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periapical Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periodontal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Psoas Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyomyositis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Thyroiditis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Toxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteriuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Wound Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fever/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Superinfection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp]) AND (((short[tiab] AND long[tiab]) AND (course[tiab] OR duration[tiab] OR courses[tiab])) OR (short[title] AND (course[title] OR courses[title] OR duration[title])) OR (long[title] AND short[title] OR days[title])))) OR (("anti-bacterial agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR "anti-bacterial agents"[MeSH Terms] OR ("anti-bacterial"[All Fields] AND "agents"[All Fields]) OR "anti-bacterial agents"[All Fields] OR "antibiotic"[All Fields]) AND duration[All Fields] AND hospitalized[All Fields] AND ("patients"[MeSH Terms] OR "patients"[All Fields])) (((("by mouth"[tiab] OR "per os"[tiab] OR oraly[tiab] OR oral[tiab] OR enteral[tiab] OR "Administration, Oral"[Mesh:noexp]) AND (parenteral[tiab] OR iv[tiab] OR intravenous[tiab] OR intravenously[tiab] OR "Administration, Intravenous"[Mesh] OR "Infusions, Parenteral"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Injections"[Mesh:noexp]) AND (conversion[tiab] OR convert*[tiab] OR sequential[tiab] OR stepdown[tiab] OR "step-down"[tiab] OR switch*[tiab] OR "Economics"[Mesh] OR "economics"[Subheading])) OR (Switch[title])) AND ("Aminoglycosides/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/administration and
20
dosage"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antibiot*[title] OR antimicrob*[title] OR anti-microbial*[title] OR vacomycin[tiab] OR Aminoglycoside*[tiab] OR beta-Lactam*[tiab] OR gentamicin[tiab] OR tobramycin[tiab] OR amikacin[tiab] OR "anti-bacterial Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antiinfect*[tiab] OR anti-infect*[tiab] OR "Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteremia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Brain Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Subdural/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Epidural Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Escherichia coli/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Haemophilus/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Meningitis, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Endophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fournier Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteroidaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bordetella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lyme Disease/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Campylobacter Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydiaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Fusobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Legionellosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Leptospirosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoplasmatales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Neisseriaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Gonorrhea/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meningococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurellaceae Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinobacillus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Haemophilus Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pasteurella Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vibrio Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycetales Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Corynebacterium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Clostridium Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Enterotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gas Gangrene/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Erysipelothrix Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Erysipeloid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydial Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Chancroid/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Chlamydia Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ecthyma/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fasciitis, Necrotizing/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Granuloma Inguinale/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Aneurysm, Infected/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bone Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Osteomyelitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Spondylitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Coinfection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Communicable Diseases/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Eye Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Panophthalmitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Focal Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Intraabdominal Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Laboratory Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ludwig's Angina/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pelvic Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Asymptomatic Infections"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Prosthesis-Related Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchiolitis Obliterans/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bronchitis, Chronic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Common Cold/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Laryngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lung Abscess/drug therapy"[Majr] OR "Pharyngitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleurisy/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bronchopneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pleuropneumonia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Aspiration/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sinusitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Supraglottitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Tracheitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Whooping Cough/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sepsis/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Endotoxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Shock, Septic/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR
21
"Cellulitis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Paronychia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Suppuration/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Abdominal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periapical Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Periodontal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Peritonsillar Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Psoas Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Retropharyngeal Abscess/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Hidradenitis Suppurativa/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Otitis Media, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyomyositis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Thyroiditis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Uveitis, Suppurative/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Toxemia/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Bacteriuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Pyuria/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Wound Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Fever/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Fever of Unknown Origin/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Superinfection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh:noexp])) OR ((((((("by mouth"[tiab] OR "per os"[tiab] OR oraly[tiab] OR oral[tiab] OR enteral[tiab] OR "Administration, Oral"[Mesh:noexp]) AND (parenteral[tiab] OR iv[tiab] OR intravenous[tiab] OR intravenously[tiab] OR "Administration, Intravenous"[Mesh] OR "Infusions, Parenteral"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Injections"[Mesh:noexp]) AND (conversion[tiab] OR convert*[tiab] OR sequential[tiab] OR stepdown[tiab] OR "step-down"[tiab] OR switch*[tiab] OR "Economics"[Mesh] OR "economics"[Subheading])) OR (Switch[title])) AND (stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot] OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Pharmacists"[Mesh] OR "Pharmacy Service, Hospital"[Mesh])))) OR ((("by mouth"[tiab] OR "per os"[tiab] OR oraly[tiab] OR oral[tiab] OR enteral[tiab] OR "Administration, Oral"[Mesh:noexp]) AND (parenteral[tiab] OR iv[tiab] OR intravenous[tiab] OR intravenously[tiab] OR "Administration, Intravenous"[Mesh] OR "Infusions, Parenteral"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Injections"[Mesh:noexp]) AND (stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot] OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Pharmacists"[Mesh] OR "Pharmacy Service, Hospital"[Mesh])))) (((therapeutic Drug Monitoring[tiab]) OR ("Drug Monitoring"[Majr] OR "Drug Monitoring/methods"[Mesh] OR "Drug Monitoring/standards"[Mesh]) OR ((pharmacokinetic*[title] OR monitor*[title] OR regimen*[title] OR optimiz*[title]) AND (dosing[title] OR dosages[title] OR dosage[title] OR dose[title] OR doses[title]) OR (pharmacokinetic*[title] AND monitor*[title])) OR (dosing regimen*[tiab]) OR ("Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic"[tiab]) OR (Pharmacist*[title] OR "Pharmacists"[Mesh]) OR ("Pharmacy Service, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee"[Mesh] OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Medical Order Entry Systems"[Mesh] OR "Electronic Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems"[Mesh]) OR (population pharmacokinetic*[tiab]) OR ("Drug Dosage Calculations"[Mesh])) AND ("Amikacin/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Amikacin/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Amikacin/blood"[Mesh] OR "Amikacin/economics"[Mesh] OR "Amikacin/pharmacokinetics"[Mesh] OR "Amikacin/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Tobramycin/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Tobramycin/blood"[Mesh] OR "Tobramycin/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Tobramycin/economics"[Mesh] OR "Tobramycin/pharmacokinetics"[Mesh] OR "Tobramycin/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/blood"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/blood"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/economics"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/pharmacokinetics"[Mesh] OR "Vancomycin/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/blood"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/economics"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/pharmacokinetics"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Gentamicins/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Gentamicins/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Gentamicins/blood"[Mesh] OR "Gentamicins/economics"[Mesh] OR "Gentamicins/pharmacokinetics"[Mesh] OR "Gentamicins/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/blood"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/economics"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/pharmacokinetics"[Mesh] OR "Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antibiot*[title] OR antimicrob*[title] OR anti-microbial*[title] OR vacomycin[title] OR Aminoglycoside*[title] OR beta-Lactam*[title] OR gentamicin*[title] OR tobramycin[title] OR amikacin[title] OR "anti-bacterial Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot])) NOT ("Cystic Fibrosis"[Mesh] OR "cystic fibrosis"[tiab]) (((((((((Penicillin hypersensitiv*[tiab]) OR Antibiotic allerg*[tiab]) OR antimicrobial allerg*[tiab]) OR Beta-lactam allerg*[tiab]) OR ((penicillin[title] OR "beta lactam"[title] OR betalactam[title] OR antibiotic*[title] OR antimicrobial*[title]) AND (Hypersensitiv*[title] OR allerg*[title] OR intoleran*[title] OR skin test*[title])))) OR ("Drug Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] AND ("standards"[Subheading] OR "Pharmacists"[Mesh] OR "Pharmacy Service, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "antibiotic prophylaxis"[Mesh]))) OR ((((((("Penicillins/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "beta-Lactams/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Cephalosporins/adverse effects"[Mesh])) AND ("Drug Hypersensitivity"[Majr] OR "Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis"[Mesh]))) AND "Skin
22
Tests"[Mesh])) OR (diagnos*[title] AND drug allerg*[title])))) OR (((((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR Antifungal Agents [Pharmacological Action]OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect* [tiab] OR anti-infect* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab])) AND ("Drug Hypersensitivity"[Majr:NoExp] OR "Drug Hypersensitivity/chemically induced"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Drug Hypersensitivity/epidemiology"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Drug Hypersensitivity/prevention and control"[Mesh:NoExp])) AND "Desensitization, Immunologic"[Mesh])) OR (Desensitizat* [tiab] AND (penicillin [tiab] OR "beta lactam" [tiab] OR betalactam[tiab] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial*[tiab]) AND (Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR allerg*[tiab] OR intoleran*[tiab] OR skin test*[tiab])))
23
MICROBIOLOGY AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS ((((((((((((((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial[tiab] OR antiinfective* [tiab] OR anti-infective* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab])) OR "Anti-Infective Agents/classification"[Mesh])))) AND (((((((((((((((("Health Facilities"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Academic Medical Centers"[Mesh]) OR "Hospital Units"[Mesh]) OR "Hospital Departments"[Mesh]) OR "Hospitalization"[Mesh]) OR "Inpatients"[Mesh]) OR "Hospitals"[Mesh]) OR "Point-of-Care Systems"[Mesh]) OR "Institutional Practice"[Mesh]) OR "Cross Infection"[Mesh]) OR "Intensive Care"[Mesh]) OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh])) OR (acute care[tiab] OR hospital unit*[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR hospitalized[tiab] OR ward[tiab] OR wards[tiab] OR facility-specific[tiab] OR unit-specific[tiab] OR hospital-wide[tiab] OR stratif*[tiab] OR institution-wide[tiab] OR location-stratified[tiab] OR Intensive care[ot] OR ICU[ot] OR ICUs[ot] OR SICU[tiab] OR point of care[ot] OR ward[ot] OR stratified[ot]))) AND (((("Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh]) OR (antibiogram*[tiab] OR antibiogram*[ot])) OR susceptibility tests[tiab] OR Antimicrobial susceptibility[tiab] OR antimicrobial susceptibilities[tiab]) OR (Antimicrobial susceptibility [ot] OR "drug susceptibility"[ot] OR antifungal susceptibility [ot] OR antibiotic susceptibility [ot] OR microbial sensitivity[ot] OR susceptibility testing*[OT]))))) AND ("Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Majr] OR antibiogram[ot] OR antibiograms[ot] OR antibiogram*[tiab] OR antimicrobial susceptibility [ot] OR "drug susceptibility"[ot] OR antifungal susceptibility[ot] OR antibiotic susceptibility[ot] OR microbial sensitivity[ot] OR susceptibility testing*[OT] OR susceptibilities[tiab] OR susceptibility[tiab]))) OR ((("Point-of-Care Systems"[Mesh] AND (((("Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh]) OR (antibiogram*[tiab] OR antibiogram*[ot])) OR susceptibility tests[tiab] OR Antimicrobial susceptibility[tiab] OR antimicrobial susceptibilities[tiab]) OR (Antimicrobial susceptibility [ot] OR "drug susceptibility"[ot] OR antifungal susceptibility [ot] OR antibiotic susceptibility [ot] OR microbial sensitivity[ot] OR susceptibility testing*[OT])))) OR ((point of care) AND antibiogram*))) AND English[lang])) OR ((antibiogram* AND stewardship)) OR (antibiogram* AND (empiric OR empirical[ti])))) OR (antimicrobial resistance patterns[ti] AND hospitals[ti]) AND (English[lang]) ((((((((((((((((((((((("Health Facilities"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Academic Medical Centers"[Mesh]) OR "Hospital Units"[Mesh]) OR "Hospital Departments"[Mesh]) OR "Hospitalization"[Mesh]) OR "Inpatients"[Mesh]) OR "Hospitals"[Mesh]) OR "Point-of-Care Systems"[Mesh]) OR "Institutional Practice"[Mesh]) OR "Cross Infection"[Mesh]) OR "Intensive Care"[Mesh]) OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh])) OR (acute care[tiab] OR hospital unit*[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR hospitalized[tiab] OR ward[tiab] OR wards[tiab] OR facility-specific[tiab] OR unit-specific[tiab] OR hospital-wide[tiab] OR stratif*[tiab] OR institution-wide[tiab] OR location-stratified[tiab] OR Intensive care[ot] OR ICU[ot] OR ICUs[ot] OR SICU[tiab] OR point of care[ot] OR ward[ot] OR stratified[ot]))) AND (((("Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh]) OR (antibiogram*[tiab] OR antibiogram*[ot])) OR susceptibility tests[tiab] OR Antimicrobial susceptibility[tiab] ) OR (Antimicrobial susceptibility [ot] OR "drug susceptibility"[ot] OR antifungal susceptibility [ot] OR antibiotic susceptibility [ot] OR microbial sensitivity[ot])))) AND (facility-specific[tiab] OR unit-specific[tiab] OR hospital-wide[tiab] OR stratif*[tiab] OR institution-wide[tiab] OR location-stratified[tiab] OR point of care[ot] OR ward[ot] OR stratified[ot] OR hospital unit*[tiab] OR ward[tiab] OR wards[tiab))) OR (antibiogram AND stewardship)) AND English[lang])) OR (antibiogram AND empiric[ti])) AND English[lang] ((((((("antimicrobial susceptibility" AND suppress*[tiab])) OR (selective antimicrobials susceptibility AND (reporting OR release))) OR ("selective reporting" AND (antimicrobials OR antimicrobial OR susceptibility))) OR antimicrobial susceptibility cascade reporting) OR (tiered[tiab] AND drugs[tiab] AND report*[tiab])AND english[lang])) (((((("Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh]) OR "Laboratories, Hospital"[Mesh])) AND (drug prescriptions OR stewardship))) OR (((((((((antibiotic[ti] OR antibiotics[ti] OR antimicrobial[ti] OR bacteriologic[ti])) AND (laboratory[ti] OR lab's OR laboratories[ti] OR microbiology[ti] OR interlaboratory[ti] OR susceptibility[ti] OR reporting[ti] OR reports[ti] OR optimum[ti] OR stewardship[ti] OR selection[ti] OR reporting[ti]))) AND (("Laboratories"[Majr]) OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Majr]))) OR (((((antimicrobial[tiab] OR antibiotic[tiab] OR antibiotics[tiab] OR antibiogram[ot] OR antibiograms[ot] OR susceptibility[ot])) AND laboratory report*[tiab])) OR (microbial sensitivity tests AND laboratories AND report*)))))) AND English[lang] (((((((((((((((((((((("Polymerase Chain Reaction"[Mesh]) OR "Fluorescent Dyes"[Mesh]) OR "In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence"[Mesh]) OR "Peptide Nucleic Acids"[Mesh]) OR "Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques"[Mesh]) OR ("beta-Glucans/blood"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/diagnostic use"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/isolation and purification"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/metabolism"[Mesh])) OR ("Bacterial Typing Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Mycological Typing Techniques"[Mesh])) OR "Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization"[Mesh]) OR "Molecular Diagnostic Techniques"[Mesh:noexp])) OR ("Oligonucleotide Probes/analysis"[Mesh] OR "Oligonucleotide Probes/diagnostic use"[Mesh])) OR ("Mannans/analysis"[Mesh] OR "Mannans/blood"[Mesh])) OR "Nanoparticles/diagnostic use"[Mesh]) OR
24
"Microarray Analysis"[Mesh])) OR (microarray[ot] OR PCR[ot] OR polymerase chain reaction[ot] OR molecular assays[tiab]))) OR "Mannans/biosynthesis"[Mesh] OR PCR[tiab] OR PCR[ot] OR galactomannan[tiab] OR rapid test[ot] OR galactomannan[ot])) AND ("Lung Diseases, Fungal"[Mesh] OR "Respiratory Tract Infections"[Mesh] OR "Respirovirus Infections"[Mesh] OR "Respiratory Syncytial Viruses"[Mesh] OR "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections"[Mesh] OR respiratory infection[ot] OR respiratory tract[ot] OR pneumonia[ot] OR respiratory virus[ot] OR respiratory tract infection[ot] OR respiratory syncytial virus[ot] OR respiratory illness[ot] OR respiratory pathogens[ot] OR respiratory infections[tiab] OR respiratory viruses[tiab] OR invasive aspergillosis[Title/Abstract] OR pulmonary aspergillosis[tiab] OR pulmonary aspergillosis[Mesh] OR invasive fungal infections[tiab] OR invasive fungal infections[ot]))) AND ((("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial*[tiab] OR antiinfective*[tiab] OR anti-infective*[tiab] OR anti-microbial*[tiab] OR stewardship[ot] OR stewardship[tiab] OR clinical outcome[ot] OR antifungal[tiab] OR infection control[ot] OR antiviral[tiab]))) OR (stewardship AND rapid diagnos*)) AND English[lang] (((((((((PCR OR galactomannan OR beta glucan) AND (rapid[tiab] OR earlier[tiab]) AND (antifungal OR antibacterial OR antibiotic OR antimicrobial))) OR ((("Polymerase Chain Reaction"[Mesh] OR "Fluorescent Dyes"[Mesh] OR "In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence"[Mesh] OR "Peptide Nucleic Acids"[Mesh] OR "Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/blood"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/diagnostic use"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/isolation and purification"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/metabolism"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Typing Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Mycological Typing Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization"[Mesh] OR "Molecular Diagnostic Techniques"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Oligonucleotide Probes/analysis"[Mesh] OR "Oligonucleotide Probes/diagnostic use"[Mesh] OR "Mannans/analysis"[Mesh] OR "Mannans/blood"[Mesh] OR "Nanoparticles/diagnostic use"[Mesh] OR "Microarray Analysis"[Mesh] OR microarray[ot] OR PCR[ot] OR polymerase chain reaction[ot] OR molecular assays[tiab] OR "Mannans/biosynthesis"[Mesh] OR PCR[tiab] OR "rapid pathogen"[tiab] OR PCR[ot] OR galactomannan[tiab] OR galactomannan[ot] OR "nucleic acid amplification techniques"[tiab] OR beta-glucan[ot] OR MALDI-TOF[ot] OR rPCR[tiab] OR pcr[tiab] OR PNA FISH[tiab] OR MALDI-TOF[tiab])) AND (("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial*[tiab] OR antiinfective*[tiab] OR anti-infective*[tiab] OR antimicrobial[ot] OR anti-microbial*[tiab] OR antifungal[tiab] OR antiviral[tiab])) AND (rapid[tiab] OR rapidly[tiab] OR early[tiab] OR earlier[tiab] OR prompt[tiab] OR appropriate*[tiab] OR optimal[tiab] OR rapid (bacterial) identification[tiab] OR "rapid pathogen identification"[tiab] OR "rapid test"[ot] OR "rapid diagnostic test"[ot] OR "rapid detection"[ot] OR PCR[ot] OR prompt[tiab] OR "rapid diagnosis" [ot] OR rapid culture[ot] OR timely[tiab] OR "turnaround time" OR "time factors"[Mesh] OR "clinical utility"[tiab] OR stewardship[tiab] OR "susceptibility testing"[ot] OR stewardship[ot] OR "early diagnosis"[Mesh]))) AND English[lang])) NOT (((((PCR OR galactomannan OR beta glucan) AND (rapid[tiab] OR earlier[tiab]) AND (antifungal OR antibacterial OR antibiotic OR antimicrobial))) OR ((("Polymerase Chain Reaction"[Mesh] OR "Fluorescent Dyes"[Mesh] OR "In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence"[Mesh] OR "Peptide Nucleic Acids"[Mesh] OR "Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/blood"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/diagnostic use"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/isolation and purification"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/metabolism"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Typing Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Mycological Typing Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization"[Mesh] OR "Molecular Diagnostic Techniques"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Oligonucleotide Probes/analysis"[Mesh] OR "Oligonucleotide Probes/diagnostic use"[Mesh] OR "Mannans/analysis"[Mesh] OR "Mannans/blood"[Mesh] OR "Nanoparticles/diagnostic use"[Mesh] OR "Microarray Analysis"[Mesh] OR microarray[ot] OR PCR[ot] OR polymerase chain reaction[ot] OR molecular assays[tiab] OR "Mannans/biosynthesis"[Mesh] OR PCR[tiab] OR "rapid pathogen"[tiab] OR PCR[ot] OR galactomannan[tiab] OR galactomannan[ot] OR "nucleic acid amplification techniques"[tiab] OR beta-glucan[ot] OR MALDI-TOF[ot] OR rPCR[tiab] OR pcr[tiab] OR PNA FISH[tiab] OR MALDI-TOF[tiab])) AND (("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial*[tiab] OR antiinfective*[tiab] OR anti-infective*[tiab] OR antimicrobial[ot] OR anti-microbial*[tiab] OR antifungal[tiab] OR antiviral[tiab])) AND (rapid[tiab] OR rapidly[tiab] OR early[tiab] OR earlier[tiab] OR prompt[tiab] OR appropriate*[tiab] OR optimal[tiab] OR rapid (bacterial) identification[tiab] OR "rapid pathogen identification"[tiab] OR "rapid test"[ot] OR "rapid diagnostic test"[ot] OR "rapid detection"[ot] OR PCR[ot] OR prompt[tiab] OR "rapid diagnosis" [ot] OR rapid culture[ot] OR timely[tiab] OR "turnaround time" OR "time factors"[Mesh] OR "clinical utility"[tiab] OR
25
stewardship[tiab] OR "susceptibility testing"[ot] OR stewardship[ot] OR "early diagnosis"[Mesh]))) AND Animals[Mesh:noexp]))) OR ((((MALDI-TOF[tiab] AND microbiology[tiab] AND time[ti])) OR (Microbiology results[tiab] AND turnaround time[tiab])) OR (Real time PCR[ti AND (antibiotic[ti] OR antibiogram[ti] OR (antifungal[tiab] AND optimal[tiab]))))) AND English[lang] (((((“Blood culture”[tiab] OR Blood culture[ot] OR bacteremia[tiab] OR candidemia[tiab] OR sepsis[tiab] OR septicemia[tiab] OR fungemia[tiab] OR candidemia[tiab] OR candidemia[ot] OR “bloodstream infections”[tiab] OR bloodstream infection[ot] OR bloodstream infections[ot] OR candidaemia[ot] OR candidaemia[tiab] OR bacteraemia[tiab] OR bacteraemia[ot] OR fungaemia[tiab] OR antibiogram[ot])) AND (microarray[ot] OR PCR[ot] OR polymerase chain reaction[ot] OR molecular assays[tiab] OR "Mannans/biosynthesis"[Mesh] OR PCR[tiab] OR "rapid pathogen"[tiab] OR PCR[ot] OR galactomannan[tiab] OR galactomannan[ot] OR "nucleic acid amplification techniques"[tiab] OR beta-glucan[ot] OR MALDI-TOF[ot] OR rPCR[tiab] OR pcr[tiab] OR PNA FISH[tiab] OR MALDI-TOF[tiab] OR Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization[ot] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[MAJR] OR molecular diagnostics[ot] OR molecular diagnostics[tiab]))) OR ((((( "Bacteremia/classification"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/complications"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/cytology"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/diagnosis"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/genetics"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/mortality"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/pathology"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/physiopathology"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacteremia/transmission"[Mesh] OR "Blood/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis"[Mesh] OR "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sepsis/diagnosis"[Mesh] OR "Sepsis/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Sepsis/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Sepsis/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Candidemia/cytology"[Mesh] OR "Candidemia/diagnosis"[Mesh] OR "Candidemia/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Candidemia/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Candidemia/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Candidemia/therapy"[Mesh] ) OR “Blood culture”[tiab] OR Blood culture[ot] OR bacteremia[tiab] OR candidemia[tiab] OR sepsis[tiab] OR septicemia[tiab] OR fungemia[tiab] OR candidemia[tiab] OR candidemia[ot] OR “bloodstream infections”[tiab] OR bloodstream infection[ot] OR bloodstream infections[ot] OR candidaemia[ot] OR candidaemia[tiab] OR bacteraemia[tiab] OR bacteraemia[ot] OR fungaemia[tiab])) AND (("Polymerase Chain Reaction"[Mesh] OR "Fluorescent Dyes"[Mesh] OR "In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence"[Mesh] OR "Peptide Nucleic Acids"[Mesh] OR "Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/blood"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/diagnostic use"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/isolation and purification"[Mesh] OR "beta-Glucans/metabolism"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Typing Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Mycological Typing Techniques"[Mesh] OR "Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization"[Mesh] OR "Molecular Diagnostic Techniques"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Oligonucleotide Probes/analysis"[Mesh] OR "Oligonucleotide Probes/diagnostic use"[Mesh] OR "Mannans/analysis"[Mesh] OR "Mannans/blood"[Mesh] OR "Nanoparticles/diagnostic use"[Mesh] OR "Microarray Analysis"[Mesh] OR microarray[ot] OR PCR[ot] OR polymerase chain reaction[ot] OR molecular assays[tiab] OR "Mannans/biosynthesis"[Mesh] OR PCR[tiab] OR "rapid pathogen"[tiab] OR PCR[ot] OR galactomannan[tiab] OR galactomannan[ot] OR "nucleic acid amplification techniques"[tiab] OR beta-glucan[ot] OR MALDI-TOF[ot] OR rPCR[tiab] OR pcr[tiab] OR PNA FISH[tiab] OR MALDI-TOF[tiab]) OR Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization[ot] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[MAJR] OR molecular diagnostics[ot] OR molecular diagnostics[tiab])) AND impact) OR (sepsis[ot] AND blood culture[ot]) OR (Polymerase chain reaction[ti] AND bacteremia[ti]) OR (Blood cultures[ti] AND bacteremia[ti]) OR (Rapid[ti] AND blood cultures[ti] AND antibiotics[ti]) OR (Rapid[ti] AND bloodstream infection[ti] AND PCR[ti]) OR (Bacteremia[ti] AND appropriate[ti] AND antibiotic[ti]) OR (Rapid identification[ti] AND blood cultures[tiab] AND antimicrobial[ti])) AND English[lang]
26
MEASUREMENT (((((((((((("Pneumonia"[Mesh] OR pneumonia[ot])) AND (("Community-Acquired Infections"[Mesh] OR "community-acquired"[tiab] OR CAP[tiab] OR CAP[ot] OR "community acquired"[ot]))) AND (("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh]OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/organization and administration"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/legislation and jurisprudence"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/methods"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/standards"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/statistics and numerical data"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Costs"[Mesh]) OR "Drug Administration Schedule"[Mesh] OR stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot])) AND English[lang])) OR ((target* AND measure* AND antibiotic)) AND (("Community-Acquired Infections"[Mesh] OR "community-acquired"[tiab] OR CAP[tiab] OR CAP[ot] OR "community acquired"[ot]))) OR (target* AND measure* AND antibiotic AND pneumonia AND community acquired))) AND English[lang])) AND ((“daily dose*”[tiab] OR “daily dose”[ot] OR de-escalation[tiab] OR cessation[tiab] OR “duration of therapy”[tiab] OR “cost per cure”[tiab] OR “days of therapy”[tiab] OR local[tiab] OR length of stay) AND (("Drug Costs"[Mesh]) OR "Costs and Cost Analysis"[Mesh]) OR (“economics" [Subheading] OR "Economics, Pharmaceutical"[Mesh] ))) AND English[lang] (((((((("Urinary Tract Infections"[Mesh] OR "Cystitis"[Mesh] OR "Urinalysis"[Mesh] OR UTI[tiab] OR UTIs[tiab] OR UTI[ot] OR "urinary tract infections"[ot] OR bacteriuria*[tiab] OR pyuria*[tiab] OR cystitis[tiab] OR "urinary tract infection*"[tiab] OR uropathogen*[tiab])) AND (“defined daily dose*”[tiab] OR de-escalation[tiab] OR cessation[tiab] OR “duration of therapy”[tiab] OR “days of therapy”[tiab] OR “cost per cure”[tiab] OR "Drug Costs"[Mesh] OR “length of stay”[Mesh] OR “length of stay”[tiab] OR "Costs and Cost Analysis"[Mesh] OR “economics" [Subheading] OR "Economics, Pharmaceutical"[Mesh]))) OR ((("Urinary Tract Infections"[Mesh] OR "Cystitis"[Mesh] OR "Urinalysis"[Mesh] OR ((("Bacterial Infections"[Mesh] OR "Bacteria"[Mesh]) AND "Urinary Tract"[Mesh])) OR (UTI[tiab] OR UTIs[tiab] OR UTI[ot] OR “urinary tract infections”[ot] OR bacteriuria*[tiab] OR pyuria*[tiab] OR cystitis[tiab] OR "urinary tract infection*"[tiab] OR uropathogen*[tiab]))) AND stewardship)) OR ("Urinary Tract Infections"[Mesh] OR "Cystitis"[Mesh] OR "Urinalysis"[Mesh] OR ((("Bacterial Infections"[Mesh] OR "Bacteria"[Mesh]) AND "Urinary Tract"[Mesh])) OR (UTI[tiab] OR UTIs[tiab] OR UTI[ot] OR urinary tract infections[ot] OR bacteriuria*[tiab] OR pyuria*[tiab] OR cystitis[tiab] OR "urinary tract infection*"[tiab] OR uropathogen*[tiab]) AND (target* AND measure* AND antibiotic)))) OR ((((((((((("Urinary Tract Infections"[Mesh]) OR "Cystitis"[Mesh]) OR "Urinalysis"[Mesh])) OR ((("Bacterial Infections"[Mesh]) OR "Bacteria"[Mesh]) AND "Urinary Tract"[Mesh])) OR (UTI[tiab] OR UTIs[tiab] OR UTI[ot] OR urinary tract infections[ot] OR bacteriuria*[tiab] OR pyuria*[tiab] OR cystitis[tiab] OR "urinary tract infection"[tiab]))) AND (("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/organization and administration"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/legislation and jurisprudence"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/methods"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/standards"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/statistics and numerical data"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Costs"[Mesh] OR "Drug Administration Schedule"[Mesh] OR stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot] OR antibiotic*[tiab])))) AND ((("Hospital Units"[Mesh] OR "Hospital Departments"[Mesh] OR "Hospitalization"[Mesh] OR "Inpatients"[Mesh] OR "Hospitals"[Mesh] OR "Point-of-Care Systems"[Mesh] OR "Institutional Practice"[Mesh] OR "Intensive Care"[Mesh]) OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR acute care[tiab] OR hospital unit*[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR hospitalized[tiab] OR ward[tiab] OR wards[tiab] OR facility-specific[tiab] OR unit-specific[tiab] OR hospital-wide[tiab] OR stratif*[tiab] OR institution-wide[tiab] OR location-stratified[tiab] OR Intensive care[ot] OR ICU[ot] OR ICUs[ot] OR SICU[tiab] OR point of care[ot] OR ward[ot] OR stratified[ot] OR local[tiab] OR "hospital mortality" [Mesh]))))) AND English[lang] ((((((((((("Skin Diseases, Infectious"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Cellulitis"[Mesh]) OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial"[Mesh]) OR cellulitis[tiab] OR cellulitis[ot] OR skin abscess*[tiab])) AND ("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/organization and administration"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/legislation and jurisprudence"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/methods"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/standards"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/statistics and numerical data"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Costs"[Mesh] OR "Drug Administration Schedule"[Mesh] OR stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot] OR antibiotic*[tiab])) AND (("Hospital Units"[Mesh] OR "Hospital Departments"[Mesh] OR "Hospitalization"[Mesh] OR "Inpatients"[Mesh] OR "Hospitals"[Mesh] OR "Point-of-Care Systems"[Mesh] OR "Institutional Practice"[Mesh] OR "Intensive Care"[Mesh]) OR "Medication Systems, Hospital"[Mesh] OR acute care[tiab] OR hospital unit*[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR hospitalized[tiab] OR ward[tiab] OR wards[tiab] OR facility-specific[tiab] OR unit-specific[tiab] OR hospital-wide[tiab] OR stratif*[tiab] OR institution-wide[tiab] OR location-stratified[tiab] OR Intensive care[ot] OR ICU[ot] OR ICUs[ot] OR SICU[tiab] OR
27
point of care[ot] OR ward[ot] OR stratified[ot] OR local[tiab] OR “hospital mortality” [Mesh]))) OR (((((("Skin Diseases, Infectious"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Cellulitis"[Mesh]) OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial"[Mesh]) OR cellulitis[tiab] OR cellulitis[ot] OR skin abscess*[tiab])) AND (target* AND measure* AND antibiotic))) OR (((((("Skin Diseases, Infectious"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Cellulitis"[Mesh]) OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial"[Mesh]) OR cellulitis[tiab] OR cellulitis[ot] OR skin abscess*[tiab])) AND stewardship)) OR (((((("Skin Diseases, Infectious"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Cellulitis"[Mesh]) OR "Skin Diseases, Bacterial"[Mesh]) OR cellulitis[tiab] OR cellulitis[ot] OR skin abscess*[tiab])) AND (“defined daily dose*”[tiab] OR de-escalation[tiab] OR cessation[tiab] OR “duration of therapy”[tiab] OR “cost per cure”[tiab] OR "Drug Costs"[Mesh] OR "Costs and Cost Analysis"[Mesh] OR “economics" [Subheading] OR "Economics, Pharmaceutical"[Mesh] OR length of stay))) AND English[lang] (defined daily dos* [tiab]) OR ((measur* [title] OR benchmark* [title] or metrics [title]) AND (antibiotic*[title] OR antimicrobial* [title])) ((length of stay AND antibacterial agents/therapeutic use)) AND (stewardship OR rational OR optimal OR antibiotic policy OR antibiotic management) OR ((length of stay AND antibacterial agents/therapeutic use)) AND (("Length of Stay"[Majr]) OR length of stay[tiab]) OR ((stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot])) AND ((Length of stay[all fields]) OR (length of stay[ot] OR LOS[ot])) AND English[lang] ((((((("Clostridium difficile"[Mesh] OR "Clostridium Infections"[Mesh] OR clostridium difficile[tiab] OR clostridium difficile[ot] OR C. Diff*[tiab] OR C Diff*[tiab] OR C diff*[ot] OR Clostridium difficile[ot])) AND ("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/legislation and jurisprudence"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/methods"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/standards"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/statistics and numerical data"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Costs"[Mesh] OR "Drug Administration Schedule"[Mesh] OR stewardship[tiab] OR stewardship[ot] OR reduce*[tiab] OR reduction*[tiab] OR restrict*[tiab] OR control[tiab] OR controlled[tiab]))) AND ((( "Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/organization and administration"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/standards"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/statistics and numerical data"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/utilization"[Mesh] )) OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents" [Pharmacological Action]))) OR ((("Clostridium difficile"[Mesh] OR "Clostridium Infections"[Mesh] OR clostridium difficile[tiab] OR clostridium difficile[ot] OR C. Diff*[tiab] OR C Diff*[tiab] OR C diff*[ot] OR Clostridium difficile[ot])) AND stewardship)) AND English[lang] (((("sequential therapy"[tiab] OR "switch therapy"[tiab] OR "step-down"[tiab] OR stepdown[tiab])) AND (("Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh]) OR antibiotic*[tiab]))) OR (((((iv to po conversion) OR iv to po switch) OR IV to PO[tiab])) OR ("parenteral to oral"[tiab] OR "intravenous to oral"[tiab] OR “switch to oral”[tiab])) (("Hospital Charges"[Mesh] OR "Health Care Costs"[Mesh] OR "Drug Costs"[Mesh] OR "Hospital Administration/economics"[Mesh] OR "Hospitalization"[Mesh] OR "Costs and Cost Analysis"[Mesh] OR "cost savings"[Mesh] OR "Sentinel Surveillance"[MeSH] OR "Health Policy/economics"[Mesh] OR "Cost-Benefit Analysis"[MeSH OR "Pharmacy Service, Hospital/economics"[Mesh] OR "Hospital costs"[Mesh])) AND ("Bacterial Infections/economics"[Mesh] OR "Community-Acquired Infections/economics"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics"[MeSH Terms] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use"[MAJR] OR "Drug Resistance, Bacterial"[MAJR] OR "Bacterial Infections/economics"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/economics"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/economics"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/economics"[MAJR] OR "Communicable Diseases/economics"[Mesh] OR "Drug Resistance"[MAJR] (((“Drug Resistance"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Drug Resistance, Microbial"[Mesh] OR "Drug Resistance, Multiple"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh] OR antibiogram*[tiab] OR ((drug or antibiotic or antimicrobial) AND resistance[tiab]) OR hypervirul* [tiab] OR (drug or antibiotic or antimicrobial) AND resistant [tiab] OR MDRO [tiab] OR MDROs [tiab] OR antibiotic resistance[ot] OR “antimicrobial resistance”[ot])) AND ("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/legislation and jurisprudence"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/methods"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/standards"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/statistics and numerical data"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Costs"[Mesh] OR "Drug Administration Schedule"[Mesh] OR stewardship)) AND English[lang] NOT Neoplasms[MeSH Terms] ((((“Drug Resistance"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Drug Resistance, Microbial"[Mesh] OR "Drug Resistance, Multiple"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh] OR antibiogram*[tiab] OR ((drug or antibiotic or antimicrobial) AND resistance[tiab]) OR hypervirul* [tiab] OR (drug or antibiotic or antimicrobial) AND resistant [tiab] OR MDRO [tiab] OR MDROs [tiab] OR antibiotic resistance[ot] OR “antimicrobial resistance”[ot])) AND ("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/legislation and jurisprudence"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/methods"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/standards"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/statistics and numerical data"[Mesh] OR "Drug Therapy/utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Costs"[Mesh] OR "Drug
28
Administration Schedule"[Mesh] OR stewardship)) AND English[lang] NOT Neoplasms[MeSH Terms]) AND (Control[tiab] OR controlled[tiab] OR controlling[tiab] OR restrict*[tiab] OR reduction[tiab] OR reduce*[tiab] OR “antibiotic policy”[tiab] OR “antibiotic management”[tiab] OR stewardship)
29
SPECIAL POPULATIONS ("Guidelines as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Practice Guideline"[Publication Type] OR "Guideline"[Publication Type] OR "Critical Pathways"[Mesh] OR "Physician's Practice Patterns"[Mesh] OR "Medical Audit"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Audit"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Health Planning Guidelines"[Mesh] OR "Algorithms"[Mesh] OR "Formularies, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Protocols"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control/standards"[Mesh:noexp] OR “clinical pathway”[tiab] OR “Clinical Protocols” [Mesh:noexp] OR algorithm*[tiab] OR “Clinical pathways “[tiab] OR Guideline*[tiab] OR Protocols[tiab] OR “antibiotic policies”[tiab] OR “care pathway”[tiab] OR "Consensus Development Conferences as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Consensus Development Conference" [Publication Type] OR "Consensus Development Conference, NIH" [Publication Type]) AND ("Oncology Service, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Medical Oncology"[Mesh] OR "Bone Marrow Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Hematologic Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR "Leukemia"[Mesh] OR "Stem Cell Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Organ Transplantation"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Heart Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Liver Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Lung Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Intestines/transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Neutropenia"[Mesh] OR "Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis"[Mesh] OR heart transplant*[tiab] OR cardiac transplant*[tiab] OR heart graft*[tiab] OR kidney transplant*[tiab] OR renal transplant*[tiab] OR kidney graft*[tiab] OR liver transplant*[tiab] OR hepatic transplant*[tiab] OR liver graft*[tiab] OR lung transplant*[tiab] OR lung graft*[tiab] OR solid organ*[tiab] OR liver allograft*[tiab] OR kidney allograft*[tiab] OR renal allograft*[tiab] OR heart allograft*[tiab] OR cardiac allograft*[tiab] OR hepatic allograft*[tiab] OR lung allograft*[tiab] OR pancreas transplant*[tiab] OR pancreatic transplant*[tiab] OR pancreas allograft*[tiab] OR pancreatic allograft*[tiab] OR intestinal transplant*[tiab] OR bone marrow transplant*[tiab] OR Hematol*[title] OR Haematol*[title] OR Oncol*[title] OR bmt[tiab] OR hsct[tiab] OR neutropenia [tiab] OR neutropenic [tiab]) AND (Guideline Adherence OR "Guideline Adherence"[Mesh] OR Adher* [tiab] OR Complian*[tiab] OR Deviat*[tiab] OR Use[tiab] OR Usage[tiab] OR Impact[tiab] OR Non-adher*[tiab] OR Non-guideline[tiab] OR comply[tiab]) AND ("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect* [tiab] OR anti-infect* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab] OR (((( "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/prevention and control"[Mesh] )) OR ( "Infection Control/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/methods"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/organization and administration"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/prevention and control"[Mesh] )) OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh]) OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR ("Fever/drug therapy"[Mesh]) OR ( "Cross Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR febrile[tiab]) OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:NoExp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic* [tiab] OR antimicrobial polic* [tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic* [tiab] OR anti-infective polic* [tiab]) ((((((((((((guideline[ot] OR guidelines[ot] OR guideline*[ti])) AND (neutropenic[ot] OR neutropenia[ot] OR neutropenia[ti] OR antibiotics[ot] OR candidiasis[ot] OR aspergillosis[ot] OR stewardship[ot] OR oncologic*[ot] OR hematology*[ot] OR Haematolog*[ot] OR leukemi*[ot] OR transplant[ot] OR transplantation[ot] OR “stem cell transplantation”[ti] OR anti-bacterial[ot] OR antibiotic[ot] OR antifungal[ot] OR antimicrobial[ot] OR antibacterial[ot])) AND English[lang])))) OR ((antimicrobial prophylaxis[ti] OR fluoroquinolone prophylaxis[ti] OR antibacterial prophylaxis[ti]) AND (resistant[ti] Or susceptibility[ti] OR neutropenic[ti] OR neutropenia[ti]))) OR (((((("Neoplasms/drug therapy"[MeSH Terms]) AND "Neutropenia/chemically induced"[MeSH Terms]) AND "Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh]) AND (( "Bacterial Infections/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections/isolation and purification"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections/mortality"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections/prevention and control"[Mesh] ))) AND English[lang])))) OR (("Guidelines as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Practice Guideline"[Publication Type] OR "Guideline"[Publication Type] OR "Critical Pathways"[Mesh] OR "Physician's Practice Patterns"[Mesh] OR "Medical Audit"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Audit"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Health Planning Guidelines"[Mesh] OR "Algorithms"[Mesh] OR "Formularies, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Protocols"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control/standards"[Mesh:noexp] OR “clinical pathway”[tiab] OR “Clinical Protocols” [Mesh:noexp] OR algorithm*[tiab] OR “Clinical pathways “[tiab] OR Guideline*[tiab] OR Protocols[tiab] OR “antibiotic policies”[tiab] OR “care pathway”[tiab] OR “consensus criteria”[tiab] OR "Consensus Development Conferences as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Consensus Development Conference" [Publication Type] OR "Consensus Development Conference, NIH" [Publication Type] OR "Guideline Adherence"[Mesh]) AND ("Outcome Assessment (Health Care)"[Mesh] OR outcome[tiab] OR outcomes[tiab] OR
30
utility[tiab] OR impact[tiab]) AND ("Oncology Service, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Medical Oncology"[Mesh] OR "Bone Marrow Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Hematologic Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR "Leukemia"[Mesh] OR "Stem Cell Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Organ Transplantation"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Heart Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Liver Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Lung Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Intestines/transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Neutropenia"[Mesh] OR "Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis"[Mesh] OR heart transplant*[tiab] OR cardiac transplant*[tiab] OR heart graft*[tiab] OR kidney transplant*[tiab] OR renal transplant*[tiab] OR kidney graft*[tiab] OR liver transplant*[tiab] OR hepatic transplant*[tiab] OR liver graft*[tiab] OR lung transplant*[tiab] OR lung graft*[tiab] OR solid organ*[tiab] OR liver allograft*[tiab] OR kidney allograft*[tiab] OR renal allograft*[tiab] OR heart allograft*[tiab] OR cardiac allograft*[tiab] OR hepatic allograft*[tiab] OR lung allograft*[tiab] OR pancreas transplant*[tiab] OR pancreatic transplant*[tiab] OR pancreas allograft*[tiab] OR pancreatic allograft*[tiab] OR intestinal transplant*[tiab] OR bone marrow transplant*[tiab] OR Hematol*[title] OR Haematol*[title] OR Oncol*[title] OR bmt[tiab] OR hsct[tiab] OR neutropenia [tiab] OR neutropenic [tiab]) AND ("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect* [tiab] OR anti-infect* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab] OR (((( "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/prevention and control"[Mesh] )) OR ( "Infection Control/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/methods"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/organization and administration"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/prevention and control"[Mesh] )) OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh]) OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh] OR "Fever/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR “Cross Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR febrile[tiab] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh])))) NOT (("Guidelines as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Practice Guideline"[Publication Type] OR "Guideline"[Publication Type] OR "Critical Pathways"[Mesh] OR "Physician's Practice Patterns"[Mesh] OR "Medical Audit"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Audit"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Health Planning Guidelines"[Mesh] OR "Algorithms"[Mesh] OR "Formularies, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Clinical Protocols"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Infection Control/standards"[Mesh:noexp] OR “clinical pathway”[tiab] OR “Clinical Protocols” [Mesh:noexp] OR algorithm*[tiab] OR “Clinical pathways “[tiab] OR Guideline*[tiab] OR Protocols[tiab] OR “antibiotic policies”[tiab] OR “care pathway”[tiab] OR "Consensus Development Conferences as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Consensus Development Conference" [Publication Type] OR "Consensus Development Conference, NIH" [Publication Type]) AND ("Oncology Service, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Medical Oncology"[Mesh] OR "Bone Marrow Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Hematologic Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR "Leukemia"[Mesh] OR "Stem Cell Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Organ Transplantation"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Heart Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Liver Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Lung Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Intestines/transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Neutropenia"[Mesh] OR "Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis"[Mesh] OR heart transplant*[tiab] OR cardiac transplant*[tiab] OR heart graft*[tiab] OR kidney transplant*[tiab] OR renal transplant*[tiab] OR kidney graft*[tiab] OR liver transplant*[tiab] OR hepatic transplant*[tiab] OR liver graft*[tiab] OR lung transplant*[tiab] OR lung graft*[tiab] OR solid organ*[tiab] OR liver allograft*[tiab] OR kidney allograft*[tiab] OR renal allograft*[tiab] OR heart allograft*[tiab] OR cardiac allograft*[tiab] OR hepatic allograft*[tiab] OR lung allograft*[tiab] OR pancreas transplant*[tiab] OR pancreatic transplant*[tiab] OR pancreas allograft*[tiab] OR pancreatic allograft*[tiab] OR intestinal transplant*[tiab] OR bone marrow transplant*[tiab] OR Hematol*[title] OR Haematol*[title] OR Oncol*[title] OR bmt[tiab] OR hsct[tiab] OR neutropenia [tiab] OR neutropenic [tiab]) AND (Guideline Adherence OR "Guideline Adherence"[Mesh] OR Adher* [tiab] OR Complian*[tiab] OR Deviat*[tiab] OR Use[tiab] OR Usage[tiab] OR Impact[tiab] OR Non-adher*[tiab] OR Non-guideline[tiab] OR comply[tiab]) AND ("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect* [tiab] OR anti-infect* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab] OR (((( "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/prevention and control"[Mesh] )) OR ( "Infection Control/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/methods"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/organization and administration"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/prevention and control"[Mesh] )) OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh]) OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lung
31
Diseases, Fungal/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR ("Fever/drug therapy"[Mesh]) OR ( "Cross Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR febrile[tiab]) OR "Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Utilization Review"[Mesh:NoExp] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic* [tiab] OR antimicrobial polic* [tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic* [tiab] OR anti-infective polic* [tiab])) ("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect* [tiab] OR anti-infect* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab] OR (((( "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/prevention and control"[Mesh] )) OR ( "Infection Control/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/methods"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/organization and administration"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/prevention and control"[Mesh] )) OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh]) OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh] OR "Fever/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Cross Infection/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR febrile[tiab] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology"[Mesh] OR "Lung Diseases, Fungal/prevention and control"[Mesh]) AND ("Oncology Service, Hospital"[Mesh] OR "Medical Oncology"[Mesh] OR "Bone Marrow Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Hematologic Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR "Leukemia"[Mesh] OR "Stem Cell Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Organ Transplantation"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Heart Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Liver Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Lung Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas Transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Intestines/transplantation"[Mesh] OR "Neutropenia"[Mesh] OR "Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis"[Mesh] OR heart transplant*[tiab] OR cardiac transplant*[tiab] OR heart graft*[tiab] OR kidney transplant*[tiab] OR renal transplant*[tiab] OR kidney graft*[tiab] OR liver transplant*[tiab] OR hepatic transplant*[tiab] OR liver graft*[tiab] OR lung transplant*[tiab] OR lung graft*[tiab] OR solid organ*[tiab] OR liver allograft*[tiab] OR kidney allograft*[tiab] OR renal allograft*[tiab] OR heart allograft*[tiab] OR cardiac allograft*[tiab] OR hepatic allograft*[tiab] OR lung allograft*[tiab] OR pancreas transplant*[tiab] OR pancreatic transplant*[tiab] OR pancreas allograft*[tiab] OR pancreatic allograft*[tiab] OR intestinal transplant*[tiab] OR bone marrow transplant*[tiab] OR Hematol*[title] OR Haematol*[title] OR Oncol*[title] OR bmt[tiab] OR hsct[tiab] OR neutropenia [tiab] OR neutropenic [tiab]) AND ("Drug Resistance"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Drug Resistance, Microbial"[Mesh] OR "Drug Resistance, Multiple"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh] OR antibiogram*[tiab] OR resistance[tiab] OR hypervirul* [tiab] OR resist* [tiab] OR MDRO [tiab] OR MDROs [tiab]) AND ("antibiotic susceptibility"[tiab] OR "susceptibility patterns"[tiab] OR "antibiotic rotation" [tiab] OR "drug rotation" [tiab] OR "dosing regimens"[tiab] OR "antibiotic mixing"[tiab] OR "antibiotic cycling" [tiab] OR "antimicrobial cycling" [tiab] OR "antimicrobial rotation"[tiab] OR "antibiotic heterogeneity"[tiab] OR "antibiotic usage"[ti] OR "Drug Administration Schedule"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic polic* [tiab] OR antimicrobial polic* [tiab] OR Anti-microbial Polic* [tiab] OR anti-infective polic* [tiab]) AND (English[lang]) ((((neutropenia[ot] AND English[lang])) AND neutropeni*[Title] AND English[lang])) OR (((((((((((Afebrile[tiab] OR Apyrexia[tiab] OR "absence of fever"[Text Word] OR Apyretic[tiab] OR "low risk" [tiab] OR "clinically stable"[tiab] OR "Fever/prevention and control"[Mesh]) AND ("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect* [tiab] OR anti-infect* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "primary prophylaxis"[tiab] OR "primary antifungal prophylaxis"[tiab]) AND (bone marrow transplant*[tiab] OR Hematol*[title] OR Haematol*[title] OR Oncol*[title] OR bmt[tiab] OR hsct[tiab] OR neutropenia [tiab] OR neutropenic [tiab] OR "Hematologic Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR "Leukemia"[Mesh] OR "Stem Cell Transplantation"[Mesh] OR “Neutropenia"[Mesh] OR "Bone Marrow Transplantation"[Mesh] OR stem cell transplant*[tiab]))) OR ((((Afebrile[tiab] OR Apyrexia[tiab] OR "absence of fever"[Text Word] OR Apyretic[tiab] OR "high risk" [tiab] OR "clinically stable"[tiab] OR "Fever/prevention and control"[Mesh]) AND ("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect* [tiab] OR anti-infect* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR
32
"primary prophylaxis"[tiab] OR "primary antifungal prophylaxis"[tiab]) AND (bone marrow transplant*[tiab] OR Hematol*[title] OR Haematol*[title] OR Oncol*[title] OR bmt[tiab] OR hsct[tiab] OR neutropenia [tiab] OR neutropenic [tiab] OR "Hematologic Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR "Leukemia"[Mesh] OR "Stem Cell Transplantation"[Mesh] OR “Neutropenia"[Mesh] OR "Bone Marrow Transplantation"[Mesh] OR stem cell transplant*[tiab]))) AND ("withholding treatment"[Mesh] OR stop[tiab] or stopping[tiab] OR stopped[tiab] OR cessation[tiab] OR discontinu*[tiab] OR withdraw*[tiab]))) AND English[la])) AND neutropeni*[Text Word]) AND English[lang])) OR (((((((Afebrile[tiab] OR Apyrexia[tiab] OR "absence of fever"[Text Word] OR Apyretic[tiab] OR "high risk" [tiab] OR "clinically stable"[tiab] OR "Fever/prevention and control"[Mesh]) AND ("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiot*[tiab] OR antimicrob*[tiab] OR antiinfect* [tiab] OR anti-infect* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "primary prophylaxis"[tiab] OR "primary antifungal prophylaxis"[tiab]) AND (bone marrow transplant*[tiab] OR Hematol*[title] OR Haematol*[title] OR Oncol*[title] OR bmt[tiab] OR hsct[tiab] OR neutropenia [tiab] OR neutropenic [tiab] OR "Hematologic Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR "Leukemia"[Mesh] OR "Stem Cell Transplantation"[Mesh] OR “Neutropenia"[Mesh] OR "Bone Marrow Transplantation"[Mesh] OR stem cell transplant*[tiab]))) AND ("withholding treatment"[Mesh] OR stop[tiab] or stopping[tiab] OR stopped[tiab] OR cessation[tiab] OR discontinu*[tiab] OR withdraw*[tiab]))) OR ((((((((((("Anti-Bacterial Agents"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Bacterial Agents" [Pharmacological Action]) AND "Neutropenia"[Mesh])) AND cessation)) OR ((stopping antibiotics) AND neutropeni*)) OR ((discontinuation of antimicrobial*[tiab]) AND neutropenia)) OR (Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation[ti] AND preventi*[ti])) OR (stepdown AND neutropen*)) OR (oral versus intravenous antibiotics AND neutropenia)) OR (step-down AND neutropeni*))) AND English[lang])) AND English[lang]) ((((((("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Drug Dosage Calculations"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR "Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic consumption”[tiab] OR antimicrobial policies [tiab] OR anti-infective policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic management”[tiab] OR Audit[ti] OR Antibiotic management[tiab] OR appropriate antibiotic treatment[ot] OR Antibiotic policy[ot] OR Rational drug use[ot] OR antibiotic use[ot] OR stewardship[ot]))) OR “antibiotic susceptibility”[tiab] OR “susceptibility patterns"[tiab] OR “antibiotic rotation” [tiab] OR “drug rotation” [tiab] OR “dosing regimens”[tiab] OR “antibiotic mixing”[tiab] OR “antibiotic cycling” [tiab] OR “antimicrobial cycling” [tiab] OR “antimicrobial rotation”[tiab] OR “antibiotic heterogeneity”[tiab] OR “antibiotic restriction”[tiab] OR guideline*[tiab])) AND ((((((((((asymptomatic bacteriuria[ot] OR asymptomatic bacteriuria[tiab])) OR asymptomatic bacteriuria) OR bacteriuria)) OR (("Urinary Tract Infections"[Mesh]) AND "Asymptomatic Diseases"[Mesh]))) OR (("Cystitis"[Mesh]) OR "Urinalysis"[Mesh])) OR ("uncomplicated Cystitis"[tiab] OR "Uncomplicated urinary tract infection"[tiab] OR "culture negative pyuria"[tiab]))))) NOT (("Child"[Mesh]) OR "Infant"[Mesh]) ((((("Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh]) AND "Drug Resistance, Multiple"[Mesh]) AND "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh])) OR ((((((((((((("antibiotic*"[tiab] AND neonatal intensive care[tiab] AND resistance[tiab])) OR ((((("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Drug Dosage Calculations"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR "Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic policy [tiab] OR "antibiotic consumption"[tiab] OR antimicrobial policies [tiab] OR anti-infective policy [tiab] OR "antibiotic management"[tiab] OR Audit[ti] OR Antibiotic management[tiab] OR appropriate antibiotic treatment[ot] OR Antibiotic policy[ot] OR Rational drug use[ot] OR antibiotic use[ot] OR stewardship[ot]))) AND (("Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/methods"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/organization and administration"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control Practitioners"[Mesh] OR "Infectious Disease Medicine"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR anti-bacterial agents[Supplementary Concept] OR anti-infective agents[Supplementary Concept] OR antifungal agents[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial[tiab] OR antiinfective* [tiab] OR anti-infective* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab]) OR "Anti-Infective Agents/classification"[Mesh] OR ("Drug Resistance"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Drug Resistance, Microbial"[Mesh] OR "Drug Resistance, Multiple"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh] OR antibiogram*[tiab] OR resistance[tiab] OR multidrug-resistant[tiab] OR hypervirul* [tiab] OR resist* [tiab] OR MDRO [tiab] OR MDROs [tiab] OR Drug resistance[ot] OR multidrug-resistance[ot] OR "multi-drug resistant"[tiab]) OR infection[ot] OR antifungal[ot] OR antibiotics[ot] OR microbiology[ot] OR gentamicin[ot]
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OR sepsis[ot])) AND ("Intensive Care Units, Neonatal"[Mesh] OR "Intensive Care, Neonatal"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn, Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neonatology"[Mesh] OR "Enterocolitis, Necrotizing"[Mesh] OR neonat*[tiab] OR newborn[tiab] OR newborns[tiab] OR nicu[tiab] OR premature* [tiab] OR preterm [tiab] OR neonate[ot] OR neonates[ot] OR newborn[ot]OR neonatology[ot] OR neonatal intensive care unit[ot] OR NICU[ot] OR preterm[ot] OR "very low birth weight infant"[ot] OR premature[ot])))) OR (((((((((("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Drug Dosage Calculations"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR "Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic policy [tiab] OR "antibiotic consumption"[tiab] OR antimicrobial policies [tiab] OR anti-infective policy [tiab] OR "antibiotic management"[tiab] OR Audit[ti] OR Antibiotic management[tiab] OR appropriate antibiotic treatment[ot] OR Antibiotic policy[ot] OR Rational drug use[ot] OR antibiotic use[ot] OR stewardship[ot]))) OR "antibiotic susceptibility"[tiab] OR "susceptibility patterns"[tiab] OR "antibiotic rotation" [tiab] OR "drug rotation" [tiab] OR "dosing regimens"[tiab] OR "antibiotic mixing"[tiab] OR "antibiotic cycling" [tiab] OR "antimicrobial cycling" [tiab] OR "antimicrobial rotation"[tiab] OR "antibiotic heterogeneity"[tiab] OR "antibiotic restriction"[tiab])) AND (("Intensive Care Units, Neonatal"[Mesh] OR "Intensive Care, Neonatal"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn, Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neonatology"[Mesh] OR "Enterocolitis, Necrotizing"[Mesh] OR neonat*[tiab] OR newborn[tiab] OR newborns[tiab] OR nicu[tiab] OR premature* [tiab] OR preterm [tiab] OR neonate[ot] OR neonates[ot] OR newborn[ot]OR neonatology[ot] OR neonatal intensive care unit[ot] OR NICU[ot] OR preterm[ot] OR "very low birth weight infant"[ot] OR premature[ot])))) NOT "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh])) AND (("Intensive Care Units, Neonatal"[Mesh] OR "Intensive Care, Neonatal"[Mesh] OR "Neonatology"[Mesh] OR nicu[tiab] OR premature* [tiab] OR preterm [tiab] OR neonate[ot] OR neonates[ot] OR newborn[ot] OR neonatology[ot] OR neonatal intensive care unit[ot] OR NICU[ot] OR preterm[ot] OR "very low birth weight infant"[ot] OR premature[ot]))))) NOT "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh]) OR ("unnecessary antibiotics"[tiab] AND neonatal intensive care unit[tiab]) OR (recommendations[tiab] AND "newborn conditions" AND antibiotics[tiab])OR (antibiotics[ti] AND neonatal infection*[ti]))) OR ((neonatology[ot] OR NICU[ot] OR neonatal intensive care unit[ot] OR neonatal intensive care units[ot] OR neonate[ot] OR neonates[ot]) AND (Antibiotics[ot] OR virology[ot] OR "antifungal therapy"[ot] OR microbiology[ot] OR vancomycin[ot] OR gentamicin[ot]))) OR (((("Anti-Infective Agents"[Mesh] OR antibiotic[ti] OR antimicrobial[ti]) OR Cephalosporins/therapeutic use) AND "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh]) AND ("Intensive Care Units, Neonatal"[Mesh])) AND English[lang])))) AND English[lang] (((((steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic consumption”[tiab] OR antimicrobial policies [tiab] OR anti-infective policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic management”[tiab] OR Audit[ti] OR Antibiotic management[tiab] OR appropriate antibiotic treatment[ot] OR Antibiotic policy[ot] OR Rational drug use[ot] AND (((("homes for the aged"[tiab] OR "nursing home*"[tiab] OR "aged care facilities"[tiab] OR "long term care"[tiab] OR LTCF[tiab] OR "aged care facilities"[tiab] OR "skilled nursing facilities"[tiab] OR "institutionalized"[tiab] OR "long term care"[ot] OR "nursing homes"[ot] OR "Long-Term Care"[Mesh] OR "Nursing Homes"[Mesh] OR "Homes for the Aged"[Mesh] OR "Housing for the Elderly"[Mesh] OR “SHEA Long-Term-Care Committee”))) AND (polypharmacy[ot] OR inappropriate prescribing[tiab] OR stewardship[tiab] OR antibiotic prescribing[tiab] OR “Infection/drug therapy”[Mesh] OR “Infection control”[Mesh] OR “Drug prescriptions”[Mesh])))) OR ((((("homes for the aged"[tiab] OR "nursing home*"[tiab] OR "aged care facilities"[tiab] OR "long term care"[tiab] OR LTCF[tiab] OR "aged care facilities"[tiab] OR "skilled nursing facilities"[tiab] OR "institutionalized"[tiab] OR "long term care"[ot] OR "nursing homes"[ot] OR "Long-Term Care"[Mesh] OR "Nursing Homes"[Mesh] OR "Homes for the Aged"[Mesh] OR "Housing for the Elderly"[Mesh] OR “SHEA Long-Term-Care Committee”))) AND (polypharmacy[ot] OR inappropriate prescribing[tiab] OR stewardship[tiab] OR antibiotic prescribing[tiab] OR “Infection/drug therapy”[Mesh] OR “Infection control”[Mesh] OR “Drug prescriptions”[Mesh])) AND("Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR “anti-bacterial agents”[Supplementary Concept] OR “anti-infective agents”[Supplementary Concept] OR “antifungal agents”[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial[tiab] OR antiinfective* [tiab] OR anti-infective* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab])) AND English[la]) AND English[lang])) OR ((((((("homes for the aged"[tiab] OR "nursing home*"[tiab] OR "aged care facilities"[tiab] OR "long term care"[tiab] OR LTCF[tiab] OR "aged care facilities"[tiab] OR "skilled nursing facilities"[tiab] OR "institutionalized"[tiab] OR "long term care"[ot] OR "nursing homes"[ot] OR "Long-Term Care"[Mesh] OR "Nursing Homes"[Mesh] OR "Homes for the Aged"[Mesh] OR "Housing for the Elderly"[Mesh] OR “SHEA Long-Term-Care Committee”))) AND (((((("Drug Utilization"[Mesh] OR "Drug Utilization Review"[Mesh] OR "Drug Dosage Calculations"[Mesh] OR "Inappropriate Prescribing"[Mesh] OR "Antibiotic Prophylaxis"[Mesh] OR "Drug Prescriptions"[Mesh] OR "Medication Errors"[Mesh] OR steward*[tiab] OR antibiotic policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic consumption”[tiab] OR antimicrobial policies [tiab] OR anti-infective policy [tiab] OR “antibiotic management”[tiab] OR Audit[ti] OR Antibiotic management[tiab] OR appropriate antibiotic treatment[ot] OR Antibiotic policy[ot] OR Rational drug use[ot] OR antibiotic
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use[ot] OR stewardship[ot]))) OR “antibiotic susceptibility”[tiab] OR “susceptibility patterns"[tiab] OR “antibiotic rotation” [tiab] OR “antimicrobial use”[tiab] OR “antibiotic use”[tiab] OR “drug rotation” [tiab] OR “dosing regimens”[tiab] OR “antibiotic mixing”[tiab] OR “antibiotic cycling” [tiab] OR “antimicrobial cycling” [tiab] OR “antimicrobial rotation”[tiab] OR “antibiotic heterogeneity”[tiab] OR “antibiotic restriction”[tiab])))) AND (("Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Bacterial Infections and Mycoses/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/drug effects"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/methods"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/organization and administration"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Infection Control/prevention and control"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/administration and dosage"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use"[Mesh] OR “anti-bacterial agents”[Supplementary Concept] OR “anti-infective agents”[Supplementary Concept] OR “antifungal agents”[Supplementary Concept] OR "Anti-Infective Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR antibiotic*[tiab] OR antimicrobial[tiab] OR antiinfective* [tiab] OR anti-infective* [tiab] or anti-microbial* [tiab] OR antifungal [tiab] OR antiviral [tiab] OR "Anti-Infective Agents/classification"[Mesh] OR “Drug Resistance"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Drug Resistance, Microbial"[Mesh] OR "Drug Resistance, Multiple"[Mesh] OR "Microbial Sensitivity Tests"[Mesh] OR antibiogram*[tiab] OR resistance[tiab] OR multidrug-resistant[tiab] OR hypervirul* [tiab] OR resist [tiab] OR “resistant”[tiab] OR resistance[tiab] OR MDRO [tiab] OR MDROs [tiab] OR Drug resistance[ot] OR multidrug-resistance[ot] OR “multi-drug resistant”[tiab]) OR antifungal[ot] OR antibiotics[ot])) AND English[la]) AND English[lang])
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