Supplements and Erogenic Aids

PSE 4UD. Del Duca 2013

(Dr. G. Parise, 2003)

Diet Diet and and

performanceperformance

Diet Diet and and

performanceperformance

insufficient insufficient nutritionnutrition

insufficient insufficient nutritionnutrition SupplementationSupplementationSupplementationSupplementation

Due to illness,

training, etc.

desire to

desire to

improve

improve

performance

performance

desire to

desire to

improve

improve

performance

performance

ErgogenicErgogenicAidsAids

ErgogenicErgogenicAidsAids

DopingDopingDopingDoping

simila

r fun

ction,

simila

r fun

ction,

differ

ent

inte

nt

differ

ent

inte

nt

simila

r fun

ction,

simila

r fun

ction,

differ

ent

inte

nt

differ

ent

inte

nt

Supplements

• multi-billion dollar industry

• 50% of population has used supplements

• 75 - 100% of athletes are users

• industry targets people of all ages, gender, ethnicity, activity levels, etc.

Anything that you can use to improve/modify your diet

Supplements

• Neutraceuticals and Functional Foods

vitamins, plant extracts, etc.sold in "medicinal"

formsphysiological benefit

orprotection against

illness

similar in appearance,

or is a "food", hasphysiological

benefitsand/or reduce risk

ofillness

Why Supplement?• people know that diet can modify risk of

disease

• people want to be in control of their health

• alternative medicine, complementary therapies, natural health products

• people have money to spend (relationship between money and effort)

Why are they so popular?

1. balanced diet - meal replacement?

2. prevent disease and illness

3. fight fatigue

4.enhance looks/enhance sexuality

5. improve performance

6. delay aging - antioxidants

7. increase vitality

Regulation Regulation becomes becomes

exceedingly exceedingly importantimportant

Regulation Regulation becomes becomes

exceedingly exceedingly importantimportant

MEDIA - enormous MEDIA - enormous impact on how we impact on how we

look at ourselves and look at ourselves and what is deemed what is deemed

importantimportant

MEDIA - enormous MEDIA - enormous impact on how we impact on how we

look at ourselves and look at ourselves and what is deemed what is deemed

importantimportant

Regulation

Two regulatory bodies in North America:

•Health Canada

•Food and Drug Administration (USA)

Regulatory Challenges

• how should Neut. and FF be classified? Foods or Drugs?

• what health claims should be allowed?

• what standards of evidence are necessary?

• how can these be regulated and still allow people to take control of their own health?

Regulation cont'd• Policy needs to take the following into

consideration:

• beneficial products should be available

• regulations should be fair enough to allow promotion of beneficial products

• health claims should be substantiated, truthful, and not misleading, and won't likely lead to harm

Regulation cont'd• food: any article manufactured, sold or

represented for use as food or drink my man, and any ingredient that may be mixed with food for any purposes

• drug: any substance or mixture of substances manufactured, sold, or represented for use in:

• diagnosis, treatment, prevention of disease

• restoring, correcting, or modifying function

• disinfection in premises in which food is manufactured, prepared, or kept

Regulation cont'd• public perception: food v. drug (wellness

v. illness)

• regulation: drugs have much more strict regulations

• Since "food" has more relaxed regulations, and better overall public perception, supplement companies have chosen to list their products under the category of food

Health Claims• requirements for supporting evidence varies

depending on the risk-benefit profile of the product

• standard of evidence should be proportional to the degree of risk

• claim to cure a disease requires HIGH standard of evidence, claim to decrease body fat will have LOW standard of evidence

• companies are not interested in marketing products that are research-driven

Marketing Supplements

• from 1996 - 2000, consumer spending quadrupled (over 25 Billion dollars) due to INTERNET SALES

• no increase in scientific evidence during this time, therefore, marketing was highly influential (and still is)

Marketing

1. Testimonials (before and after)

• posture, skin tone, muscle flexing, smiling,

Marketing

2. Product Name

•Jacked

•Assault

•Ryno Power

Marketing

3. Use of Research

•research sited does not show difference between control and experimental groups, that is, it is not scientifically proven that the product works, only that it may work in combination with exercise and healthy diet

Marketing

4. Sex Sells

Marketing

5. Use of Celebrities - MuscleTech signs Jose Bautista, Mario Williams, and Brad Richards (with Jon "Bones" Jones)

Ergogenic Aids (EAs)

• substances or devices that are used to improve exercise and athletic performance

Types of EAs

• Nutritional

• Pharmacological

• Physiological

• Psychological

• Mechanical

Nutritional

• CHO, Protein, Vitamins, H2O, Electrolytes

• e.g., CHO loading, protein supplementation, BCAAs, O2 water, vitamin water, Gatorade, etc.

Pharmacological

• Amphetamines

• caffeine

• anabolic steroids

• erythropoietin (EPO)

• hGH

Physiological

• Oxygen (hyperbaric chamber)

• blood doping

Psychological

• hypnosis

• rehearsal strategies

• stress management

• sport psychology

Mechanical

• extrinsic biomechanical aids

• e.g., aerodynamic suits (swimming, skiing, etc.), equipment

• physical warm-up

Doping

• use of a banned substance or methods that may enhance performance

Doping in Sport

3 Types:

1. state sponsored - Heidi Kreiger on "pills" since she was 11, gold medal champion in shot put

• East German program produced twice as many gold medals thanks to Manfred Ewald

Doping in Sport

2. Individual

• individuals hoping to transform mediocre careers into superstar status

• amateur athletes looking to get professional contract

Doping in Sport

3. Sporting Organizations

•turn a blind eye to drug use

•e.g., Tour de France (blood doping, EPO), Waterloo Football Program

Anti-Doping

• Why control doping in sports?

Controlling Doping

• Several reasons:

• safety

• ethical/moral issues

• integrity of sport and competition

• public perception

Safety• deaths and illnesses related to doping and

banned substances are the result of improper use of pharmacological and medical interventions in the pursuit of winning

• Danish cyclists (EPO)

• steroids and brain cancer

• long-term effects when youth dope

Ethics of Doping• it is cheating - unnaturally enhancing your

performance by modifying your own physiology

• there are rules in place

• morally wrong (and very difficult) to intentionally break the rules and try to cover it up

• science of doping is moving faster than the science of testing - athletes need to take responsibility for their own integrity, and the integrity of the sport

Spirit of Sport/Integrity

• When an athlete wins, was it because they were physically superior, better prepared, or were they pharmaceutically enhanced?

• imagine you were one of the competitors in the Tour de France during the past 15 years, and you competed cleanly

• what does that do to your sport?

Public Perception

• People want to see athletes perform at the highest level, athletes want to compete against other clean athletes

• reputation of Lance Armstrong before v. after

• sponsors want to support marketable sports

• reputation of the Tour de France before v. after

Take Home Points

• Supplements can be beneficial but need to be regulated - lots of gaps in science, marketing, and public knowledge

• doping is unsafe, and can affect the integrity and spirit of sport