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Uranium Industry Re Uranium Industry Re - - Development and Development and Expansion in the Early 21st Century: Expansion in the Early 21st Century: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U.S. of Nuclear Power in the U.S. - - The Environment vs. The Paradigm The Environment vs. The Paradigm Rocky Mountain Natural Gas Strategy Conference Rocky Mountain Natural Gas Strategy Conference & Investment Forum: Session 1 & Investment Forum: Session 1 Presented by Presented by Colorado Oil & Gas Association Colorado Oil & Gas Association August 1 August 1 - - 3, 2005 3, 2005 Denver, Colorado Denver, Colorado Version 1.8 Version 1.8 2005 ' Copyright 2005 ' Copyright M. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P. M. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P. Houston, Texas Houston, Texas
Transcript
Page 1: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Industry ReUranium Industry Re--Development and Development and

Expansion in the Early 21st Century:Expansion in the Early 21st Century:

Supplying Fuel for the Expansion Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U.S. of Nuclear Power in the U.S. --

The Environment vs. The ParadigmThe Environment vs. The ParadigmRocky Mountain Natural Gas Strategy ConferenceRocky Mountain Natural Gas Strategy Conference

& Investment Forum: Session 1& Investment Forum: Session 1Presented byPresented by

Colorado Oil & Gas AssociationColorado Oil & Gas AssociationAugust 1August 1--3, 20053, 2005

Denver, ColoradoDenver, ColoradoVersion 1.8Version 1.8

2005 © Copyright2005 © CopyrightM. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P.M. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P.

Houston, TexasHouston, Texas

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Michael D. Campbell, P.G., P.H.Michael D. Campbell, P.G., P.H.Managing PartnerManaging Partner

andand

M. David Campbell, P.G.M. David Campbell, P.G.Partner and Program ManagerPartner and Program Manager

M. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P.M. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P.Houston, TexasHouston, Texas

www.mdcampbell.comwww.mdcampbell.com

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Basis of Opinions PresentedBasis of Opinions Presented

�� Mr. M. Campbell serves as Chairman of the Mr. M. Campbell serves as Chairman of the Uranium Committee, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Committee, Energy Minerals Div., AAPG.AAPG.

�� This presentation is based on the committee�s This presentation is based on the committee�s Uranium Report for 2005 (See References for Uranium Report for 2005 (See References for URL).URL).

�� The EMD Uranium Committee members include:The EMD Uranium Committee members include:Joseph Evensen, Ph. D., Joseph Evensen, Ph. D., ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co.ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co.

Henry M. Wise, P.G., Henry M. Wise, P.G., Eagle Construction & Environmental, Inc.Eagle Construction & Environmental, Inc.

and a number of Special Consultants.and a number of Special Consultants.

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Basis of Opinions Presented Basis of Opinions Presented (Cont�d)(Cont�d)

Geology, Geology, Hydrogeology, Hydrogeology,

&&EconomicsEconomics

EnvironmentalEnvironmentalIndustryIndustry

UraniumUraniumIndustryIndustry

OpinionsOpinions

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Basis of Opinions Presented Basis of Opinions Presented (Cont�d)(Cont�d)

IndustryIndustry

State & FederalState & FederalRegulatory AgenciesRegulatory Agencies

AdversarialAdversarialGroupsGroups

We are in this together; united we stand, divided we fall�We are in this together; united we stand, divided we fall�

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Fear of Nuclear EnergyFear of Nuclear Energy

AssessmentAssessmentSafety Record,Safety Record,

Economic Advantage, Jobs,Economic Advantage, Jobs,Technology, ManagementTechnology, Management

RiskRiskComparative AnalysisComparative Analysis

w/ Other Types of Risk:w/ Other Types of Risk:NIMBY NIMBY -- Industry, Local, etc.Industry, Local, etc.

FearFearWeapon of War, Weapon of War,

HollywoodHollywood&&

Press MediaPress Media

Page 7: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Energy Production in the U.S.Energy Production in the U.S.

Page 8: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Energy Production in the U.S.Energy Production in the U.S.

Changes in Natural Gas ConsumptionChanges in Coal Consumption

Page 9: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear Generation of ElectricityNuclear Generation of Electricity

3-Mile Incident

(Utilizing Optimum Capacity)(Utilizing Optimum Capacity)

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WeWe

Nuclear Power Plant SitesNuclear Power Plant Sites

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Night Lights in U.S. Night Lights in U.S. -- Electricity UsageElectricity Usage

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Night Lights in U.S. Night Lights in U.S. -- Electricity UsageElectricity Usage

HoustonHoustonSan AntonioSan AntonioAustinAustin

DallasDallas

New OrleansNew Orleans

BrownsvilleBrownsville

Corpus ChristiCorpus Christi

El PasoEl Paso

PhoenixPhoenix

TucsonTucson

Salt Lake CitySalt Lake CityDenverDenver

AtlantaAtlanta

St LouisSt Louis

ChicagoChicago

TorontoToronto

ClevelandCleveland

Los AngelesLos Angeles

Las VegasLas Vegas

San FranciscoSan Francisco

SeattleSeattle

PortlandPortland

MiamiMiami

New YorkNew York

BostonBoston

New JerseyNew Jersey

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Nuclear Power Plants in the World Nuclear Power Plants in the World

Where are the Plants? U.S., U.K., Canada, Europe, Eastern RussiWhere are the Plants? U.S., U.K., Canada, Europe, Eastern Russia, China, India, a, China, India, Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, etc.Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, etc.

See Insert See Insert forfor

JapanJapan

Map from American Nuclear Society, Inc.Map from American Nuclear Society, Inc.

See Insert See Insert ForFor

EuropeEurope

Nuclear Plant SitesNuclear Plant Sites

Page 14: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Night Lights in World Night Lights in World -- Electricity UsageElectricity Usage

Where are the Plants? U.S., U.K., Canada, Europe, Eastern RussiWhere are the Plants? U.S., U.K., Canada, Europe, Eastern Russia, China, India, a, China, India, Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, etc.Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, etc.

Nuclear Power Nuclear Power PlantsPlants

in in EuropeEurope

Page 15: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear Power Plants in EuropeNuclear Power Plants in Europe

Where are the Plants in Europe? U.K., Spain, France, SwitzerlandWhere are the Plants in Europe? U.K., Spain, France, Switzerland, Germany,, Germany,Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Sweden, Finland, etc.Bulgaria, Sweden, Finland, etc.

..

Map from American Nuclear Society, IncMap from American Nuclear Society, Inc..

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Night Lights in World Night Lights in World -- Electricity UsageElectricity Usage

Where are the Other Plants? U.K., Canada, Eastern Russia, ChinaWhere are the Other Plants? U.K., Canada, Eastern Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Japan, , India, Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, Mexico, South Africa, etc.Koreas, Mexico, South Africa, etc.

Nuclear Power Nuclear Power PlantsPlants

in in Japan & KoreaJapan & Korea

Page 17: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear Power Plants in JapanNuclear Power Plants in Japan

Who has the greatest number of plants/area of country? Japan.Who has the greatest number of plants/area of country? Japan.

Map from American Nuclear Society, Inc.Map from American Nuclear Society, Inc.

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Uranium Exploration Trend Areas in U.S.Uranium Exploration Trend Areas in U.S.

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Roll Front in Mine Pit Wall, Texas

Oxidized ZoneOxidized Zone

Ore ZoneOre Zone Ore ZoneOre Zone

Molybdenite ZoneMolybdenite Zone

Page 20: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Roll Front in Mine Pit Wall, Wyoming

Oxidized ZoneOxidized Zone

Ore ZoneOre Zone

Page 21: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Exploration GuidesUranium Exploration Guides

Page 22: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Roll-Front Exploration Guide, Wyoming

Rubin, B., 1970Rubin, B., 1970

Page 23: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Roll Front in Mine Pit Wall, Texas (Cont�d)(Cont�d)

Ore ZoneOre ZoneReduced ZoneReduced Zone

Page 24: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Roll-Front Biogeochemical Cell, Wyoming

Oxidized ZoneOxidized Zone

Reduced ZoneReduced Zone

GroundGround--Water FlowWater Flow

Page 25: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium ProductionUranium Production

Good Good TechnologyTechnology

Prices Prices > $20.00> $20.00

GoodGoodScienceScience

UU33OO88ProductionProduction

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Uranium Production: In Situ LeachingUranium Production: In Situ Leaching

GroundGround--Water Flow DirectionWater Flow Direction

ReducedReducedZoneZone

Oxidized Oxidized ZoneZone

Page 27: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Production: In Situ LeachingUranium Production: In Situ Leaching

Page 28: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Production: In Situ LeachingUranium Production: In Situ Leaching

Page 29: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Production: In Situ Leaching Uranium Production: In Situ Leaching (Cont�d)(Cont�d)

Making Certain Assumptions,Making Certain Assumptions,One Full Barrel of Yellowcake (UOne Full Barrel of Yellowcake (U33OO88):):

@ a Market Price of $20.00 / lb =@ a Market Price of $20.00 / lb = $ 17,600.00$ 17,600.00

@ a Market Price of $40.00 / lb =@ a Market Price of $40.00 / lb = $ 35,000.00$ 35,000.00

Page 30: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium PricesUranium Prices

ProductionProduction

##ReactorsReactors

UraniumUraniumPricePrice

SupplySupply

DemandDemand

Page 31: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Prices (Cont�d)Uranium Prices (Cont�d)

Page 32: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Prices (Cont�d)Uranium Prices (Cont�d)

Beginning of New Era

Page 33: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium ProductionUranium Production

�Megatons �Megatons toto

Megawatts�Megawatts�

Increased Increased Reactor EfficiencyReactor Efficiency

Field DepositsField Deposits

Fuel SupplyFuel Supply

Present Worldwide Present Worldwide Consumption by 435 Reactors:Consumption by 435 Reactors:

180 million lbs U180 million lbs U33OO88/yr/yr

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

U. S. Consumption U. S. Consumption by 104 Reactors: by 104 Reactors:

43 million lbs U43 million lbs U33OO88/yr/yr

or 414,000 lbs Uor 414,000 lbs U33OO88/Reactor/2/Reactor/2--3 yrs3 yrs

Page 34: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Production (Cont�d)Uranium Production (Cont�d)

Page 35: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Production (Cont�d)Uranium Production (Cont�d)

Page 36: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Production (Cont�d)Uranium Production (Cont�d)

USAUSA

Foreign SuppliersForeign Suppliers

Page 37: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Production (Cont�d)Uranium Production (Cont�d)

Page 38: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Economics & Environmental IssuesEconomics & Environmental Issues

Advantageous Advantageous Cost to Cost to

Produce ElectricityProduce Electricity

PricesPrices> $20.00 /> $20.00 /

Pound UPound U33OO88

Popular Popular SupportSupport

Nuclear Power Nuclear Power ExpansionExpansion

in U.S.in U.S.

Page 39: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont�d)Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont�d)

Page 40: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont�d)Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont�d)

New Technology Requiredto Reduce CO2 Emissions

Page 41: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear Power Plant SafetyNuclear Power Plant Safety

22) Improved) ImprovedTechnologyTechnology

33) Improved) ImprovedOperationsOperationsManagementManagement

44) Improved) ImprovedConstructionConstructionCostCostManagementManagement

11) Outstanding) OutstandingSafety RecordSafety Record

Over PastOver Past40 Years:40 Years:

Page 42: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear Waste Transportation Nuclear Waste Transportation && Storage:Storage:Fear of Nuclear Waste ?Fear of Nuclear Waste ?

Waste Transportation:Waste Transportation:11) ) MajorMajor Container Research Container Research

& & 22) Improved Technology) Improved Technology

Waste Storage:Waste Storage:11) ) Favorable Geologic Favorable Geologic

& & 22) Hydrogeologic Studies) Hydrogeologic Studies

International Activities:International Activities:Favorable Results in:Favorable Results in:

11) ) Canada, Canada, 22) Belgium, ) Belgium, 33) France, etc.) France, etc.

Over PastOver Past40 Years:40 Years:

Page 43: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear Waste Transportation Nuclear Waste Transportation && Storage:Storage:Fear of Nuclear Waste ? (Cont�d)Fear of Nuclear Waste ? (Cont�d)

Waste Transportation:Waste Transportation:Container Research Container Research

& & Improved TechnologyImproved Technology

(See References)(See References)

Waste Storage:Waste Storage:Geologic & Hydrogeologic StudiesGeologic & Hydrogeologic Studies

(See References)(See References)

Page 44: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear Waste Transportation Nuclear Waste Transportation && Storage:Storage:Fear of Nuclear Waste ? (Cont�d)Fear of Nuclear Waste ? (Cont�d)

AssessmentAssessmentSafety Record, Good ScienceSafety Record, Good Science

New Technology, Improved Management New Technology, Improved Management

RiskRiskComparative AnalysisComparative Analysis

w/ Other Types of Risk:w/ Other Types of Risk:NIMBY NIMBY -- Industry, Local, & Industry, Local, &

w/ International Solutionsw/ International Solutions(See References).(See References).

FearFearExposure?Exposure?

Drinking Water? Drinking Water? HollywoodHollywood

&&Press MediaPress Media

Page 45: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Geologic Research Geologic Research in in UraniumUraniumExplorationExploration

Technical Literature, Core Analyses, and Economic AssessmentsTechnical Literature, Core Analyses, and Economic Assessments

Page 46: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium ExplorationUranium Exploration

Claim Locations w/ GPSClaim Locations w/ GPS

DrillingDrilling

Coring & LoggingCoring & Logging �and More Drilling�and More Drilling

Page 47: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Field WorkUranium Field Work

Underground MinesUnderground Mines

Environmental Monitoring WellsEnvironmental Monitoring Wells

Field ReconnaissanceField Reconnaissance& Mining Claims& Mining Claims

Page 48: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

�And there are always disagreements�.�And there are always disagreements�.

Page 49: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Conclusions�Conclusions�Nuclear Power is One of the Answers�Nuclear Power is One of the Answers�

Now Now andand LaterLaterFission is the Bridge to FusionFission is the Bridge to Fusion

Page 50: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

AAPG, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Section URLs and References:AAPG, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Section URLs and References:http://emd.aapg.org/members_only/uranium/links.cfmhttp://emd.aapg.org/members_only/uranium/links.cfm (Members Only Page)(Members Only Page)

Campbell, M. D., Campbell, M. D., et al.,et al., 2005, Recent Uranium Industry Developments, 2005, Recent Uranium Industry Developments, Exploration, Mining and Environmental Programs in the U.S. and OExploration, Mining and Environmental Programs in the U.S. and Overseas, verseas, AAPG, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Committee Report for 2005: AAPG, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Committee Report for 2005: http://emd.aapg.org/technical_areas/uranium.cfmhttp://emd.aapg.org/technical_areas/uranium.cfm (Public Page)(Public Page)

Campbell, M. D. and K. T. Biddle, 1977, Frontier Uranium ExploraCampbell, M. D. and K. T. Biddle, 1977, Frontier Uranium Exploration in the tion in the SouthSouth--Central U.S., Chapter 1: Frontier Areas and Exploration TechniquCentral U.S., Chapter 1: Frontier Areas and Exploration Techniques in es in Geology of Alternate Energy Resources in the SouthGeology of Alternate Energy Resources in the South--Central United States,Central United States, (M. (M. D. Campbell (ed)), Houston Geological Society, pp. 3D. Campbell (ed)), Houston Geological Society, pp. 3--44. 44. ((http://www.elahttp://www.ela--iet.com/ie08000B.htmiet.com/ie08000B.htm ))

Campbell, M. D., 1977, Introduction, in Campbell, M. D., 1977, Introduction, in Geology of Alternate Energy Resources Geology of Alternate Energy Resources in the Southin the South--Central United StatesCentral United States, Houston Geological Society, pp. v, Houston Geological Society, pp. v--xiv xiv ((http://www.elahttp://www.ela--iet.com/ie08000B.htmiet.com/ie08000B.htm ))

De Voto, R. H., 1978, Uranium geology and exploration: Short couDe Voto, R. H., 1978, Uranium geology and exploration: Short course lecture rse lecture notes and references: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 396 notes and references: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 396 p.p.

ReferencesReferences

Page 51: Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U ... · Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont™d) New Technology Required to Reduce CO2 Emissions. Nuclear Power Plant

Dickinson, K. A., and J. S. Duval, 1977, South Texas Uranium: GeDickinson, K. A., and J. S. Duval, 1977, South Texas Uranium: Geologic ologic Controls, Exploration Techniques, and Potential, Chapter 2: TrenControls, Exploration Techniques, and Potential, Chapter 2: Trend Areas and d Areas and Exploration Techniques Utilization in Exploration Techniques Utilization in Geology of Alternate Energy Resources Geology of Alternate Energy Resources in the Southin the South--Central United StatesCentral United States (M. D. Campbell (ed)), Houston Geological (M. D. Campbell (ed)), Houston Geological Society, pp. 45Society, pp. 45--66. (66. (http://www.elahttp://www.ela--iet.com/ie08000B.htmiet.com/ie08000B.htm ))

Limerick, P. N., Limerick, P. N., et alet al., 2003, What Every Westerner Should Know About ., 2003, What Every Westerner Should Know About Energy, Center of the American West, University of Colorado at BEnergy, Center of the American West, University of Colorado at Boulder, oulder, Report # 4. 46 p. (Report # 4. 46 p. (http://www.centerwest.org/pdfs/CAW_EnergyFIN.pdfhttp://www.centerwest.org/pdfs/CAW_EnergyFIN.pdf ))

Rackley, R. I., Rackley, R. I., et alet al., 1968. Concepts and Methods of Uranium Exploration. ., 1968. Concepts and Methods of Uranium Exploration. Wyo. Geol. Assoc. 20th Field Conf GuidebookWyo. Geol. Assoc. 20th Field Conf Guidebook, pp. 115, pp. 115----124. 124.

Rackley, R. l. and Johnson, R.L., 1971. The Geochemistry of UranRackley, R. l. and Johnson, R.L., 1971. The Geochemistry of Uranium Rollium Roll--Front Deposits with a Case History from the Powder River Basin. Front Deposits with a Case History from the Powder River Basin. Economic Economic GeologyGeology, v. 66, n. 1, pp. 202, v. 66, n. 1, pp. 202--203, (abstract). 203, (abstract).

Rackley, R. I., 1972, Environment of Wyoming Tertiary Uranium DeRackley, R. I., 1972, Environment of Wyoming Tertiary Uranium Deposits: posits: AAPG BulletinAAPG Bulletin, v. 56, n. 4, pp. 755, v. 56, n. 4, pp. 755--774. 774.

References (Cont�d)References (Cont�d)

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Rackley, R. I., 1976, Origin of WesternRackley, R. I., 1976, Origin of Western--States Type Uranium States Type Uranium Mineralization, in Mineralization, in Handbook of StrataHandbook of Strata--Bound and Strataform Ore Bound and Strataform Ore DepositsDeposits, Chapter 3, K.H. Wolf (ed), Elsevier , Chapter 3, K.H. Wolf (ed), Elsevier SciSci. Pub. Company, . Pub. Company, Amsterdam, pp. 89Amsterdam, pp. 89--156. 156.

Rubin, B., 1970. Uranium RollRubin, B., 1970. Uranium Roll--Front Zonation in the Southern Front Zonation in the Southern Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Wyoming Geological Assoc. Earth Wyoming Geological Assoc. Earth Science BullScience Bull., v. 3 n. 4: pp. 5., v. 3 n. 4: pp. 5--88. .

On Nuclear Waste Transportation & Storage:On Nuclear Waste Transportation & Storage:Facts about Radiation:Facts about Radiation:http://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/factsheets/doeymp0403.shtmlhttp://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/factsheets/doeymp0403.shtml

Yucca Mt., Nevada:Yucca Mt., Nevada:http://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/index.shtmlhttp://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/index.shtml

References (Cont�d)References (Cont�d)

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U.S. DOE Nuclear Remediation Programs (By State):U.S. DOE Nuclear Remediation Programs (By State):http://www.em.doe.gov/doe/em/frontdoor/0,2195,14763,00.htmlhttp://www.em.doe.gov/doe/em/frontdoor/0,2195,14763,00.html

GoogleGoogle for numerous other Web sites containing other information.for numerous other Web sites containing other information.For example: ProFor example: Pro--Coal Use in Texas:Coal Use in Texas:

http://www.rrc.state.tx.us/tepc/616presentations/EPCcoalpresentahttp://www.rrc.state.tx.us/tepc/616presentations/EPCcoalpresentation.pdftion.pdf

For a comprehensive list of URLS and References on Uranium ExploFor a comprehensive list of URLS and References on Uranium Exploration, ration, Development, Prices, and Associated Environmental Issues, see: ADevelopment, Prices, and Associated Environmental Issues, see: AAPG, APG, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Section Members Only Page: Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Section Members Only Page:

http://emd.aapg.org/members_only/uranium/links.cfmhttp://emd.aapg.org/members_only/uranium/links.cfm

For an online source of this presentation, see: For an online source of this presentation, see:

http://www.mdcampbell.com/Denver/CampbellCOGAConferenceSession1.http://www.mdcampbell.com/Denver/CampbellCOGAConferenceSession1.pptppt

XXXXXX

References (Cont�d)References (Cont�d)


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