Uranium Industry ReUranium Industry Re--Development and Development and
Expansion in the Early 21st Century:Expansion in the Early 21st Century:
Supplying Fuel for the Expansion Supplying Fuel for the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the U.S. of Nuclear Power in the U.S. --
The Environment vs. The ParadigmThe Environment vs. The ParadigmRocky Mountain Natural Gas Strategy ConferenceRocky Mountain Natural Gas Strategy Conference
& Investment Forum: Session 1& Investment Forum: Session 1Presented byPresented by
Colorado Oil & Gas AssociationColorado Oil & Gas AssociationAugust 1August 1--3, 20053, 2005
Denver, ColoradoDenver, ColoradoVersion 1.8Version 1.8
2005 © Copyright2005 © CopyrightM. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P.M. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P.
Houston, TexasHouston, Texas
Michael D. Campbell, P.G., P.H.Michael D. Campbell, P.G., P.H.Managing PartnerManaging Partner
andand
M. David Campbell, P.G.M. David Campbell, P.G.Partner and Program ManagerPartner and Program Manager
M. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P.M. D. Campbell and Associates, L.P.Houston, TexasHouston, Texas
www.mdcampbell.comwww.mdcampbell.com
Basis of Opinions PresentedBasis of Opinions Presented
�� Mr. M. Campbell serves as Chairman of the Mr. M. Campbell serves as Chairman of the Uranium Committee, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Committee, Energy Minerals Div., AAPG.AAPG.
�� This presentation is based on the committee�s This presentation is based on the committee�s Uranium Report for 2005 (See References for Uranium Report for 2005 (See References for URL).URL).
�� The EMD Uranium Committee members include:The EMD Uranium Committee members include:Joseph Evensen, Ph. D., Joseph Evensen, Ph. D., ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co.ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co.
Henry M. Wise, P.G., Henry M. Wise, P.G., Eagle Construction & Environmental, Inc.Eagle Construction & Environmental, Inc.
and a number of Special Consultants.and a number of Special Consultants.
Basis of Opinions Presented Basis of Opinions Presented (Cont�d)(Cont�d)
Geology, Geology, Hydrogeology, Hydrogeology,
&&EconomicsEconomics
EnvironmentalEnvironmentalIndustryIndustry
UraniumUraniumIndustryIndustry
OpinionsOpinions
Basis of Opinions Presented Basis of Opinions Presented (Cont�d)(Cont�d)
IndustryIndustry
State & FederalState & FederalRegulatory AgenciesRegulatory Agencies
AdversarialAdversarialGroupsGroups
We are in this together; united we stand, divided we fall�We are in this together; united we stand, divided we fall�
Fear of Nuclear EnergyFear of Nuclear Energy
AssessmentAssessmentSafety Record,Safety Record,
Economic Advantage, Jobs,Economic Advantage, Jobs,Technology, ManagementTechnology, Management
RiskRiskComparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
w/ Other Types of Risk:w/ Other Types of Risk:NIMBY NIMBY -- Industry, Local, etc.Industry, Local, etc.
FearFearWeapon of War, Weapon of War,
HollywoodHollywood&&
Press MediaPress Media
Energy Production in the U.S.Energy Production in the U.S.
Energy Production in the U.S.Energy Production in the U.S.
Changes in Natural Gas ConsumptionChanges in Coal Consumption
Nuclear Generation of ElectricityNuclear Generation of Electricity
3-Mile Incident
(Utilizing Optimum Capacity)(Utilizing Optimum Capacity)
WeWe
Nuclear Power Plant SitesNuclear Power Plant Sites
Night Lights in U.S. Night Lights in U.S. -- Electricity UsageElectricity Usage
Night Lights in U.S. Night Lights in U.S. -- Electricity UsageElectricity Usage
HoustonHoustonSan AntonioSan AntonioAustinAustin
DallasDallas
New OrleansNew Orleans
BrownsvilleBrownsville
Corpus ChristiCorpus Christi
El PasoEl Paso
PhoenixPhoenix
TucsonTucson
Salt Lake CitySalt Lake CityDenverDenver
AtlantaAtlanta
St LouisSt Louis
ChicagoChicago
TorontoToronto
ClevelandCleveland
Los AngelesLos Angeles
Las VegasLas Vegas
San FranciscoSan Francisco
SeattleSeattle
PortlandPortland
MiamiMiami
New YorkNew York
BostonBoston
New JerseyNew Jersey
Nuclear Power Plants in the World Nuclear Power Plants in the World
Where are the Plants? U.S., U.K., Canada, Europe, Eastern RussiWhere are the Plants? U.S., U.K., Canada, Europe, Eastern Russia, China, India, a, China, India, Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, etc.Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, etc.
See Insert See Insert forfor
JapanJapan
Map from American Nuclear Society, Inc.Map from American Nuclear Society, Inc.
See Insert See Insert ForFor
EuropeEurope
Nuclear Plant SitesNuclear Plant Sites
Night Lights in World Night Lights in World -- Electricity UsageElectricity Usage
Where are the Plants? U.S., U.K., Canada, Europe, Eastern RussiWhere are the Plants? U.S., U.K., Canada, Europe, Eastern Russia, China, India, a, China, India, Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, etc.Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, etc.
Nuclear Power Nuclear Power PlantsPlants
in in EuropeEurope
Nuclear Power Plants in EuropeNuclear Power Plants in Europe
Where are the Plants in Europe? U.K., Spain, France, SwitzerlandWhere are the Plants in Europe? U.K., Spain, France, Switzerland, Germany,, Germany,Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Sweden, Finland, etc.Bulgaria, Sweden, Finland, etc.
..
Map from American Nuclear Society, IncMap from American Nuclear Society, Inc..
Night Lights in World Night Lights in World -- Electricity UsageElectricity Usage
Where are the Other Plants? U.K., Canada, Eastern Russia, ChinaWhere are the Other Plants? U.K., Canada, Eastern Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Japan, , India, Pakistan, Japan, Koreas, Mexico, South Africa, etc.Koreas, Mexico, South Africa, etc.
Nuclear Power Nuclear Power PlantsPlants
in in Japan & KoreaJapan & Korea
Nuclear Power Plants in JapanNuclear Power Plants in Japan
Who has the greatest number of plants/area of country? Japan.Who has the greatest number of plants/area of country? Japan.
Map from American Nuclear Society, Inc.Map from American Nuclear Society, Inc.
Uranium Exploration Trend Areas in U.S.Uranium Exploration Trend Areas in U.S.
Roll Front in Mine Pit Wall, Texas
Oxidized ZoneOxidized Zone
Ore ZoneOre Zone Ore ZoneOre Zone
Molybdenite ZoneMolybdenite Zone
Roll Front in Mine Pit Wall, Wyoming
Oxidized ZoneOxidized Zone
Ore ZoneOre Zone
Uranium Exploration GuidesUranium Exploration Guides
Roll-Front Exploration Guide, Wyoming
Rubin, B., 1970Rubin, B., 1970
Roll Front in Mine Pit Wall, Texas (Cont�d)(Cont�d)
Ore ZoneOre ZoneReduced ZoneReduced Zone
Roll-Front Biogeochemical Cell, Wyoming
Oxidized ZoneOxidized Zone
Reduced ZoneReduced Zone
GroundGround--Water FlowWater Flow
Uranium ProductionUranium Production
Good Good TechnologyTechnology
Prices Prices > $20.00> $20.00
GoodGoodScienceScience
UU33OO88ProductionProduction
Uranium Production: In Situ LeachingUranium Production: In Situ Leaching
GroundGround--Water Flow DirectionWater Flow Direction
ReducedReducedZoneZone
Oxidized Oxidized ZoneZone
Uranium Production: In Situ LeachingUranium Production: In Situ Leaching
Uranium Production: In Situ LeachingUranium Production: In Situ Leaching
Uranium Production: In Situ Leaching Uranium Production: In Situ Leaching (Cont�d)(Cont�d)
Making Certain Assumptions,Making Certain Assumptions,One Full Barrel of Yellowcake (UOne Full Barrel of Yellowcake (U33OO88):):
@ a Market Price of $20.00 / lb =@ a Market Price of $20.00 / lb = $ 17,600.00$ 17,600.00
@ a Market Price of $40.00 / lb =@ a Market Price of $40.00 / lb = $ 35,000.00$ 35,000.00
Uranium PricesUranium Prices
ProductionProduction
##ReactorsReactors
UraniumUraniumPricePrice
SupplySupply
DemandDemand
Uranium Prices (Cont�d)Uranium Prices (Cont�d)
Uranium Prices (Cont�d)Uranium Prices (Cont�d)
Beginning of New Era
Uranium ProductionUranium Production
�Megatons �Megatons toto
Megawatts�Megawatts�
Increased Increased Reactor EfficiencyReactor Efficiency
Field DepositsField Deposits
Fuel SupplyFuel Supply
Present Worldwide Present Worldwide Consumption by 435 Reactors:Consumption by 435 Reactors:
180 million lbs U180 million lbs U33OO88/yr/yr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
U. S. Consumption U. S. Consumption by 104 Reactors: by 104 Reactors:
43 million lbs U43 million lbs U33OO88/yr/yr
or 414,000 lbs Uor 414,000 lbs U33OO88/Reactor/2/Reactor/2--3 yrs3 yrs
Uranium Production (Cont�d)Uranium Production (Cont�d)
Uranium Production (Cont�d)Uranium Production (Cont�d)
Uranium Production (Cont�d)Uranium Production (Cont�d)
USAUSA
Foreign SuppliersForeign Suppliers
Uranium Production (Cont�d)Uranium Production (Cont�d)
Economics & Environmental IssuesEconomics & Environmental Issues
Advantageous Advantageous Cost to Cost to
Produce ElectricityProduce Electricity
PricesPrices> $20.00 /> $20.00 /
Pound UPound U33OO88
Popular Popular SupportSupport
Nuclear Power Nuclear Power ExpansionExpansion
in U.S.in U.S.
Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont�d)Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont�d)
Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont�d)Economics & Environmental Issues (Cont�d)
New Technology Requiredto Reduce CO2 Emissions
Nuclear Power Plant SafetyNuclear Power Plant Safety
22) Improved) ImprovedTechnologyTechnology
33) Improved) ImprovedOperationsOperationsManagementManagement
44) Improved) ImprovedConstructionConstructionCostCostManagementManagement
11) Outstanding) OutstandingSafety RecordSafety Record
Over PastOver Past40 Years:40 Years:
Nuclear Waste Transportation Nuclear Waste Transportation && Storage:Storage:Fear of Nuclear Waste ?Fear of Nuclear Waste ?
Waste Transportation:Waste Transportation:11) ) MajorMajor Container Research Container Research
& & 22) Improved Technology) Improved Technology
Waste Storage:Waste Storage:11) ) Favorable Geologic Favorable Geologic
& & 22) Hydrogeologic Studies) Hydrogeologic Studies
International Activities:International Activities:Favorable Results in:Favorable Results in:
11) ) Canada, Canada, 22) Belgium, ) Belgium, 33) France, etc.) France, etc.
Over PastOver Past40 Years:40 Years:
Nuclear Waste Transportation Nuclear Waste Transportation && Storage:Storage:Fear of Nuclear Waste ? (Cont�d)Fear of Nuclear Waste ? (Cont�d)
Waste Transportation:Waste Transportation:Container Research Container Research
& & Improved TechnologyImproved Technology
(See References)(See References)
Waste Storage:Waste Storage:Geologic & Hydrogeologic StudiesGeologic & Hydrogeologic Studies
(See References)(See References)
Nuclear Waste Transportation Nuclear Waste Transportation && Storage:Storage:Fear of Nuclear Waste ? (Cont�d)Fear of Nuclear Waste ? (Cont�d)
AssessmentAssessmentSafety Record, Good ScienceSafety Record, Good Science
New Technology, Improved Management New Technology, Improved Management
RiskRiskComparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
w/ Other Types of Risk:w/ Other Types of Risk:NIMBY NIMBY -- Industry, Local, & Industry, Local, &
w/ International Solutionsw/ International Solutions(See References).(See References).
FearFearExposure?Exposure?
Drinking Water? Drinking Water? HollywoodHollywood
&&Press MediaPress Media
Geologic Research Geologic Research in in UraniumUraniumExplorationExploration
Technical Literature, Core Analyses, and Economic AssessmentsTechnical Literature, Core Analyses, and Economic Assessments
Uranium ExplorationUranium Exploration
Claim Locations w/ GPSClaim Locations w/ GPS
DrillingDrilling
Coring & LoggingCoring & Logging �and More Drilling�and More Drilling
Uranium Field WorkUranium Field Work
Underground MinesUnderground Mines
Environmental Monitoring WellsEnvironmental Monitoring Wells
Field ReconnaissanceField Reconnaissance& Mining Claims& Mining Claims
�And there are always disagreements�.�And there are always disagreements�.
Conclusions�Conclusions�Nuclear Power is One of the Answers�Nuclear Power is One of the Answers�
Now Now andand LaterLaterFission is the Bridge to FusionFission is the Bridge to Fusion
AAPG, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Section URLs and References:AAPG, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Section URLs and References:http://emd.aapg.org/members_only/uranium/links.cfmhttp://emd.aapg.org/members_only/uranium/links.cfm (Members Only Page)(Members Only Page)
Campbell, M. D., Campbell, M. D., et al.,et al., 2005, Recent Uranium Industry Developments, 2005, Recent Uranium Industry Developments, Exploration, Mining and Environmental Programs in the U.S. and OExploration, Mining and Environmental Programs in the U.S. and Overseas, verseas, AAPG, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Committee Report for 2005: AAPG, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Committee Report for 2005: http://emd.aapg.org/technical_areas/uranium.cfmhttp://emd.aapg.org/technical_areas/uranium.cfm (Public Page)(Public Page)
Campbell, M. D. and K. T. Biddle, 1977, Frontier Uranium ExploraCampbell, M. D. and K. T. Biddle, 1977, Frontier Uranium Exploration in the tion in the SouthSouth--Central U.S., Chapter 1: Frontier Areas and Exploration TechniquCentral U.S., Chapter 1: Frontier Areas and Exploration Techniques in es in Geology of Alternate Energy Resources in the SouthGeology of Alternate Energy Resources in the South--Central United States,Central United States, (M. (M. D. Campbell (ed)), Houston Geological Society, pp. 3D. Campbell (ed)), Houston Geological Society, pp. 3--44. 44. ((http://www.elahttp://www.ela--iet.com/ie08000B.htmiet.com/ie08000B.htm ))
Campbell, M. D., 1977, Introduction, in Campbell, M. D., 1977, Introduction, in Geology of Alternate Energy Resources Geology of Alternate Energy Resources in the Southin the South--Central United StatesCentral United States, Houston Geological Society, pp. v, Houston Geological Society, pp. v--xiv xiv ((http://www.elahttp://www.ela--iet.com/ie08000B.htmiet.com/ie08000B.htm ))
De Voto, R. H., 1978, Uranium geology and exploration: Short couDe Voto, R. H., 1978, Uranium geology and exploration: Short course lecture rse lecture notes and references: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 396 notes and references: Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, 396 p.p.
ReferencesReferences
Dickinson, K. A., and J. S. Duval, 1977, South Texas Uranium: GeDickinson, K. A., and J. S. Duval, 1977, South Texas Uranium: Geologic ologic Controls, Exploration Techniques, and Potential, Chapter 2: TrenControls, Exploration Techniques, and Potential, Chapter 2: Trend Areas and d Areas and Exploration Techniques Utilization in Exploration Techniques Utilization in Geology of Alternate Energy Resources Geology of Alternate Energy Resources in the Southin the South--Central United StatesCentral United States (M. D. Campbell (ed)), Houston Geological (M. D. Campbell (ed)), Houston Geological Society, pp. 45Society, pp. 45--66. (66. (http://www.elahttp://www.ela--iet.com/ie08000B.htmiet.com/ie08000B.htm ))
Limerick, P. N., Limerick, P. N., et alet al., 2003, What Every Westerner Should Know About ., 2003, What Every Westerner Should Know About Energy, Center of the American West, University of Colorado at BEnergy, Center of the American West, University of Colorado at Boulder, oulder, Report # 4. 46 p. (Report # 4. 46 p. (http://www.centerwest.org/pdfs/CAW_EnergyFIN.pdfhttp://www.centerwest.org/pdfs/CAW_EnergyFIN.pdf ))
Rackley, R. I., Rackley, R. I., et alet al., 1968. Concepts and Methods of Uranium Exploration. ., 1968. Concepts and Methods of Uranium Exploration. Wyo. Geol. Assoc. 20th Field Conf GuidebookWyo. Geol. Assoc. 20th Field Conf Guidebook, pp. 115, pp. 115----124. 124.
Rackley, R. l. and Johnson, R.L., 1971. The Geochemistry of UranRackley, R. l. and Johnson, R.L., 1971. The Geochemistry of Uranium Rollium Roll--Front Deposits with a Case History from the Powder River Basin. Front Deposits with a Case History from the Powder River Basin. Economic Economic GeologyGeology, v. 66, n. 1, pp. 202, v. 66, n. 1, pp. 202--203, (abstract). 203, (abstract).
Rackley, R. I., 1972, Environment of Wyoming Tertiary Uranium DeRackley, R. I., 1972, Environment of Wyoming Tertiary Uranium Deposits: posits: AAPG BulletinAAPG Bulletin, v. 56, n. 4, pp. 755, v. 56, n. 4, pp. 755--774. 774.
References (Cont�d)References (Cont�d)
Rackley, R. I., 1976, Origin of WesternRackley, R. I., 1976, Origin of Western--States Type Uranium States Type Uranium Mineralization, in Mineralization, in Handbook of StrataHandbook of Strata--Bound and Strataform Ore Bound and Strataform Ore DepositsDeposits, Chapter 3, K.H. Wolf (ed), Elsevier , Chapter 3, K.H. Wolf (ed), Elsevier SciSci. Pub. Company, . Pub. Company, Amsterdam, pp. 89Amsterdam, pp. 89--156. 156.
Rubin, B., 1970. Uranium RollRubin, B., 1970. Uranium Roll--Front Zonation in the Southern Front Zonation in the Southern Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Wyoming Geological Assoc. Earth Wyoming Geological Assoc. Earth Science BullScience Bull., v. 3 n. 4: pp. 5., v. 3 n. 4: pp. 5--88. .
On Nuclear Waste Transportation & Storage:On Nuclear Waste Transportation & Storage:Facts about Radiation:Facts about Radiation:http://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/factsheets/doeymp0403.shtmlhttp://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/factsheets/doeymp0403.shtml
Yucca Mt., Nevada:Yucca Mt., Nevada:http://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/index.shtmlhttp://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/index.shtml
References (Cont�d)References (Cont�d)
U.S. DOE Nuclear Remediation Programs (By State):U.S. DOE Nuclear Remediation Programs (By State):http://www.em.doe.gov/doe/em/frontdoor/0,2195,14763,00.htmlhttp://www.em.doe.gov/doe/em/frontdoor/0,2195,14763,00.html
GoogleGoogle for numerous other Web sites containing other information.for numerous other Web sites containing other information.For example: ProFor example: Pro--Coal Use in Texas:Coal Use in Texas:
http://www.rrc.state.tx.us/tepc/616presentations/EPCcoalpresentahttp://www.rrc.state.tx.us/tepc/616presentations/EPCcoalpresentation.pdftion.pdf
For a comprehensive list of URLS and References on Uranium ExploFor a comprehensive list of URLS and References on Uranium Exploration, ration, Development, Prices, and Associated Environmental Issues, see: ADevelopment, Prices, and Associated Environmental Issues, see: AAPG, APG, Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Section Members Only Page: Energy Minerals Div., Uranium Section Members Only Page:
http://emd.aapg.org/members_only/uranium/links.cfmhttp://emd.aapg.org/members_only/uranium/links.cfm
For an online source of this presentation, see: For an online source of this presentation, see:
http://www.mdcampbell.com/Denver/CampbellCOGAConferenceSession1.http://www.mdcampbell.com/Denver/CampbellCOGAConferenceSession1.pptppt
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References (Cont�d)References (Cont�d)