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SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
1
ENDOSKELETON
HYDROSTATIC SKELETONEXOSKELETON
ENDOSKELETON
• Inner Frame• Refers to set
of bones or cartilages that is inside the body of vertebrates.
EXOSKELETON
• Outer Frame• Consists of
one layer of hard skin derived from substances like calcium carbonate
HYDROSTATIC SKELETON
• Formed from fluid pressure in space that is enveloped by a muscular system.
Support body weight
Maintain body shape
Protects soft organs inside
body
Provide place for muscles in body to attach themselves
Enable limbs to move
FUNCTIONS OF ENDOSKELETON
Support body weight
Maintain body shape
Protects soft tissues from
damage
Provide surface for muscles to attach
themselves
Allow movement
FUNCTIONS OF EXOSKELETON
Endoskeleton in humans consists of
206 bones
Backbone mainly supported by Pelvic
Girdle
Pelvic Girdle : strongest bone in human body
Support System of Land Vertebrate Animals
Pectoral Girdle
Pelvic Girdle
The buoyancy of the water allows the size of the aquatic vertebrate animals to be bigger than that of land vertebrate animals.
Support System of Aquatic Vertebrate Animals
COMPARISON OF THE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN LAND AND AQUATIC VERTEBRATES
2
ENDOSKELETON
VERTEBRATE BONES ARE
FLEXIBLE
PECTORAL AND PELVIC GIRDLE
COMPARISON OF THE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN LAND AND AQUATIC VERTEBRATES
SUPPORT IN LAND
VERTEBRATESPectoral and pelvic girdle support the
body weight
Big and strong
Big
DIFFERENCES
SUPPORT
SKELETON
PECTORAL AND PELVIC GIRDLE
SUPPORT IN AQUATIC
VERTEBRATESWater buoyancy
supports the body weight
Small and weak
Small
SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR INVERTEBRATES
Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone.
Its body is supported by :External skeletal system
(exoskeleton)
Body fluids (hydrostatic skeletons)
EXOSKELETON OF INVERTEBRATES
Exoskeleton consists of a layer of hard skin or shell.
Examples of invertebrates with hard outer skin : Crabs, spiders, prawns and
scorpions.
Examples of invertebrates with hard shell : Snails, mussels
EXOSKELETON OF INVERTEBRATES
For insects, the exoskeleton is called cuticle.
Cuticle is made of chitin (hard and impermeable to water)
Cuticle prevent the insects from growing.
HYDROSTATIC SKELETONS OF INVERTEBRATES
Leeches, worms and octopus do not have exoskeleton. Their bodies are soft.
Use the body fluid (also known as hydrostatic skeleton system) as support system.
The body fluids exert a pressure on their body walls to form a hydrostatic skeleton.
COMPARISON OF THE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN LAND AND AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES
SIMILARITIES
EXOSKELETON
BODY FLUID
COMPARISON OF THE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN LAND AND AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES
SUPPORT IN LAND
INVERTEBRATES
Soft bodies with external
shells
Hard and made of chitin, for
example, insects.
DIFFERENCES
SUPPORT
SKELETON
SUPPORT IN AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
Water buoyancy
Hard and made of calcium
carbonate, for example, crabs.