Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories ... · 6/136 Supporting Materials for preparing...

Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and

National Communications

Version 2.1, June 2014

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Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports,

and National Communications

Contents

PART I National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications

Section 1: Reporting requirements and review under the UNFCCC 1-1 Reporting and review for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC

1. Overview of reporting and review requirements for Annex I Parties

2. Submission schedule for Annex I Parties under UNFCCC 3. Reporting requirements for GHG inventories of Annex I

Parties i. Outline of Common Reporting Format (CRF) ii. Outline and general structure of the national

inventory report (NIR) 4. Review procedures for GHG inventories of Annex I Parties 5. Reporting requirements for Biennial Reports of Annex I

Parties 6. Outline and general structure of the BR and CTF 7. Overview of International Assessment and Review 8. Process of International Assessment and Review 9. Overview of Technical review of BR 10. Process of Technical review of BR 11. Reporting requirements for National Communications of

Annex I Parties 12. Outline and general structure of the NC of Annex I Parties 13. Overview of technical review for NC of Annex I Parties 14. Process of technical review of NC 15. Relationship between NGI, BR and NC in terms of

reporting elements

1-2 Reporting and review for non-Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC 1. Overview of reporting and review requirements for non-

Annex I Parties 2. Submission schedule for non-Annex I Parties under

UNFCCC 3. Reporting requirements for Biennial Update Reports of

non-Annex I Parties 4. Reporting elements of the BUR 5. Technical annex regarding REDD+ activities 6. Reporting requirements for National Communications of

non-Annex I Parties 7. Reporting elements of the NC of non-Annex I Parties 8. Overview of International Consultation and Analysis 9. Process of International Consultation and Analysis 10. Relationship between BUR and NC in terms of reporting

elements Section 2 Requirements and functions of a national inventory

arrangements 1. Definition of national arrangements 2. Functions and tasks for preparing the GHG inventory 3. General roles and necessary capacities of individual team

members 4. Possible allocation of responsibilities of members 5. Possible structure for GHG inventory team 6. Possible institutional setup 7. Necessary capacities for preparing GHG inventories 8. Process for preparing the BUR and NC 9. Issues to consider

• Executive Summary • Background of the Project • Structure of the tool

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Contents

Section 3 Case Studies - Example of the development of National Inventory Arrangement -

1. Current National Inventory Arrangement of Japan 1. Ministry of the Environment (MOE) 2. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) 3. Relevant Ministries 4. Relevant Organizations 5. Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Estimation Methods 6. Private Consultant Companies 7. Quality Assurance Working Group (QA-WG)

2. History of National Inventory Arrangement of Japan 1. Phase 1 (1992-1994) 2. Phase 2 (1996-1998) 3. Phase 3 (1999-2002) 4. Phase 4 (2002-2008) 5. Phase 5 (2009-)

3. Mongolia 1. Background on Palau and NC/GHG inventories 2. The national arrangements for the Second NC 3. Key challenges of preparing the Second NC

4. Palau 1. Background on Palau and NC/GHG inventories 2. The national arrangements for the Second NC 3. Key challenges of preparing the Second NC

4. Myanmar 1. Background on Myanmar and NC/GHG inventories 2. The National Arrangements of INC 3. Key challenges of preparing the Initial National

Communications 5. Indonesia

1. Background on Indonesia and NC/GHG inventories 2. The Current National Arrangements 3. Key challenges

6. Vietnam 1. Background on Vietnam and NC/GHG inventories 2. The Current National Arrangements 3. Key challenges

7. Lao People's Democratic Republic 1. Background on Lao PDR and NC/GHG inventories 2. The national arrangement for the Second NC 3. Key challenges

Section 4 Findings/Summary

PART II Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Communications

Section 1 Technical tools for preparing GHG inventories Section 2 Technical tools for preparing Biennial Update Reports and


References

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Executive Summary

UNFCCC provisions for national reporting by developing countries has evolved in recent years, resulting in

enhanced reporting and the process of subsequent consideration of the reported information.

In 2011 and 2012, decisions were taken at the UNFCCC, requiring non-Annex I Parties to report National

Communications every four years and Biennial Update Reports every two years starting 2014.

In addition, it was decided that the Biennial Update Reports would undergo an International Consultation and

Analysis process in which technical experts would analyze the reports and a workshop on the reports would be

held.

Non Annex I Parties must make transition from a temporary project-based approach to a more permanent

institution based approach to support the new cycle of activities related to national GHG inventories, Biennial

Update Reports, and National Communications to take place on a regular basis.

This supporting materials identifies the necessary functions/skills/competences for complying with the new

reporting regime and identified key issues for Parties to take into consideration when developing a roadmap to

strengthen the national arrangements, its functions, and ability to sustainably compile the reports for submission

to the UNFCCC, with a specific focus on GHG inventories.

This supporting materials also provides a list of the publicly available technical tools to prepare the GHG

inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications.

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The Ministry of Environment Japan has been implementing projects in developing countries in an effort to

support the development of low carbon societies.

The GHG inventory, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications are important tools that contain

information on Parties’ progress in meeting the objectives of the UNFCCC, and information on the needs and

challenges of the Party to do so. These tools are the foundation for developing and monitoring climate change

mitigation policies and measures so that Parties can develop low carbon societies.

The objective of this project is to support the strengthening the national arrangements for preparing the GHG

inventory, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications.

We hope that non Annex I Parties use this supporting materials to enhance their national arrangements and

comply with the UNFCCC reporting requirements independently on a regular basis.

Background of the Project

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Structure of the tool

Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications

Section 1: Reporting requirements and review under the UNFCCC

Section 2: Requirements and functions of national arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports,

National Communications preparations

Section 3: Case Studies

Section 4: Findings/Summary

Part II: Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Communications

Section 1: Technical tools for preparing GHG inventories

Section 2: Technical tools for preparing Biennial Update Reports and National Communications

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National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial

Update Reports, and National Communications

Part I

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Reporting requirements and review under the UNFCCC

Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National

Communications

Section 1

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Reporting and review for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC


Communications

Section 1-1

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Overview of reporting and review requirements for Annex I Parties

National GHG inventories

(NGI)

Submit annually.

Contain GHG emissions and removals and relevant information such as activity data, emission factors and methodologies used to estimate these emissions and removals.

Subject to review by Expert Review Teams (ERTs).

Biennial Reports (BR)

Submit biennially.

Contain information on greenhouse gas emissions and trends, quantified economy-wide emission reduction target (QERT), progress in achievement of QERT, projections and provision of support to developing countries.

Subject to International Assessment and Review (IAR).


(NC)

Submit every four years.

Contain information on national GHG inventory, policies and measures, projections, vulnerability assessment and adaptation measures, financial resources and technology transfer, research and systematic observation, education, training and public awareness.

Subject to technical review by ERTs

Reporting and review requirements for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC are as follows;

Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a), UNFCCC.(2011), UNFCCC.(1999)

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Submission schedule for Annex I Parties under UNFCCC

NGI

1st BR

5th NC

NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI

2nd BR

4th BR

6th NC

7th NC

8th NC

Kyoto Protocol 1st commitment period

Kyoto Protocol 2nd commitment period

New framework (under negotiation)

National GHG Inventories (NGI) : annually

Biennial Reports (BR) : biennially (since January 2014)

National Communications (NC) : every four years

3rd BR

5th BR

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

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Reporting requirements for GHG inventories of Annex I Parties

Elements Details

Guidelines Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual greenhouse gas inventories (Decision 24/CP.19)

Principles Transparent, Consistent, Comparable, Complete and Accurate (TCCCA).

Submission due date 15 April each year

Composition

Common reporting format (CRF) : a series of standardized data tables containing mainly numerical information and submitted electronically National Inventory Report (NIR) : a comprehensive description of the methodologies used in compiling the inventory, the data sources, the institutional structures and quality assurance and control procedures

Base year 1990 (Some Economies in Transition Parties (EITs) are allowed to use a base year or a period of years other than 1990)

Gases

carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O) perfluorocarbons (PFCs) hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)

Sectors

Energy Industrial processes and other product use (IPPU) Agriculture Forestry and other land-use (AFOLU) Waste

Methodology 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas inventories (2006 IPCC Guidelines)

GWPs Values listed in Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4)

Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a)

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Outline of Common Reporting Format (CRF)

Table Contents

Table1

1 SECTORAL REPORT FOR ENERGY

1.A(a) SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR ENERGY

Fuel combustion activities - sectoral approach

1.A(b) Fuel combustion activities - reference approach

1.A(c) COMPARISON OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION

1.A(d)

SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR ENERGY

Feedstocks, reductants and other non-energy use of fuels

1.B.1 Solid fuels

1.B.2 Oil, natural gas and other emissions from energy production

1.C CO2 Transport and storage

1.D International aviation and international navigation (international bunkers) and multilateral operations

Table2

2(I) SECTORAL REPORT FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE

2(I).A-H SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O

2(II) SECTORAL REPORT FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE Emissions of HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3

2(II).B-H SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE Sources of fluorinated substances

Table3

3 SECTORAL REPORT FOR AGRICULTURE

3.A

SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR AGRICULTURE

Enteric Fermentation

3.B Manure Management

3.C Rice Cultivation

3.D Direct and indirect N2O emissions from agricultural soils

3.E Prescribed burning of savannahs

3.F Field burning of agricultural residues

3.G-I CO2 emissions from liming, urea application and other carbon-containing fertilizers)

Reference: UNFCCC. (2013b)

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Outline of Common Reporting Format (CRF) (-cont.)

Table Contents

Table4

4 SECTORAL REPORT FOR LAND USE, LAND-USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY

4.1 LAND TRANSITION MATRIX

4.A

SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR LAND USE, LAND-USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY

Forest land

4.B Cropland

4.C Grassland

4.D Wetlands

4.E Settlements

4.F Other land

4(I) Direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen (N) inputs to managed soils

4(II) Emissions and removals from drainage and rewetting and other management of organic and mineral soils

4(III) Direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen (N) mineralization/immobilization associated with loss/gain of soil organic matter resulting from change of land use or management of mineral soils

4(IV) Indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from managed soils

4(V) Biomass Burning

4.G Harvested wood products (HWP)

Table5

5 SECTORAL REPORT FOR WASTE

5.A

SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR WASTE

Solid waste disposal

5.B Biological Treatment of Solid Waste

5.C Waste Incineration

5.D Wastewater treatment and discharge

Table6 CROSS-SECTORAL REPORT: Indirect emissions of N2O and CO2

Table7 SUMMARY OVERVIEW FOR KEY CATEGORIES

Table8 RECALCULATION

Table9 COMPLETENESS - INFORMATION ON NOTATION KEYS

Table10 EMISSION TRENDS

Summary1.A SUMMARY REPORT FOR NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES

Summary2 SUMMARY REPORT FOR CO2 EQUIVALENT EMISSIONS

Summary3 SUMMARY REPORT FOR METHODS AND EMISSION FACTORS USED

Reference: UNFCCC. (2013b)

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Outline and general structure of the national inventory report (NIR)

Chapter Details

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ES.1. Background information on greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and climate change ES.2. Summary of national emission and removal-related trends ES.3. Overview of source and sink category emission estimates and trends ES.4. Other information (e.g. indirect GHGs)

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. Background information on GHG inventories and climate change 1.2. A description of the national inventory arrangements 1.3. Inventory preparation, and data collection, processing and storage 1.4. Brief general description of methodologies (including tiers used) and data sources used 1.5. Brief description of key categories 1.6. General uncertainty evaluation, including data on the overall uncertainty for the inventory totals 1.7. General assessment of completeness

Chapter 2: Trends in greenhouse gas

emissions

2.1. Description and interpretation of emission trends for aggregated GHG emissions 2.2. Description and interpretation of emission trends by sector

Chapter 3: Energy (CRF sector 1)

3.1. Overview of sector (e.g. quantitative overview and description, including trends and methodological tiers by category) 3.2. Fuel combustion (CRF 1.A), including detailed information on: 3.2.1. Comparison of the sectoral approach with the reference approach 3.2.2. International bunker fuels 3.2.3. Feedstocks and non-energy use of fuels 3.2.4. Category (CRF category number), including Category description, Methodological , Uncertainties and time-series consistency, Category-specific QA/QC and verification, Category-specific recalculations including changes made in response to the review process and impact on emission trend, Category-specific planned improvements including tracking of those identified in the review process. 3.3. Fugitive emissions from solid fuels and oil and natural gas and other emissions from energy production (CRF 1.B) 3.3.1. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as 3.2.4. 3.4. CO2 transport and storage (CRF 1.C) 3.4.1. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as 3.2.4.


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Chapter Details

Chapter 4: Industrial processes and

product use (CRF sector 2)

4.1. Overview of sector 4.2. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as 3.2.4.

Chapter 5: Agriculture (CRF sector 3)


Chapter 6: Land use, land-use change and forestry (CRF sector 4)

6.1. Overview of sector 6.2. Land-use definitions and the classification systems used and their correspondence to the land use, land-use change and forestry categories (e.g. land use and land-use change matrix) 6.3. Information on approaches used for representing land areas and on land-use databases used for the inventory preparation 6.4. Category (CRF category number) : sub-section under this section is same as 3.2.4.

Chapter 7: Waste (CRF sector 5)


Chapter 8: Other (CRF sector 6)

if applicable

Chapter 9: Indirect CO2 and nitrous

oxide emissions

9.1. Description of sources of indirect emissions in GHG inventory 9.2. Methodological issues 9.3. Uncertainties and time-series consistency 9.4. Category-specific QA/QC and verification, if applicable 9.5 Category-specific recalculations, if applicable, including changes made in response to the review process and impact on emission trend 9.6. Category-specific planned improvements, if applicable (e.g. methodologies, activity data, emission factors, etc.), including tracking of those identified in the review process

Chapter 10: Recalculations and improvements

10.1. Explanations and justifications for recalculations, including in response to the review process 10.2. Implications for emission levels 10.3. Implications for emission trends, including time-series consistency 10.4. Planned improvements, including in response to the review process

Outline and general structure of the national inventory report (NIR) (-cont.)


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Outline and general structure of the national inventory report (NIR) (-cont.)

Chapter Details

Annex 1: Key categories

• Description of methodology used for identifying key categories, if different from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier 1 approach • Information on the level of disaggregation • Tables 4.2 and 4.3 of volume 1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, including and excluding land use, land-use change and forestry

Annex 2: Assessment of

uncertainty

• Description of methodology used for identifying uncertainties • Table 3.3 of volume 1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines

Annex 3: Detailed methodological

descriptions for individual source or sink categories

A.3.X (sector or category name)

Annex 4: The national energy balance for the most recent inventory year

Annex 5: Any additional

information as applicable.

References All references used in the national inventory report must be listed in the references list.


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Review procedures for GHG inventories of Annex I Parties

April April

20xx 20xx+1

May

GHG inventory

submission Initial check

Synthesis and Assessment

Centralized Review

In-country Review (once in approx. every 5 years)

Publication of review

report

September

GHG inventory

submission

By UNFCCC secretariat

By UNFCCC secretariat

By Expert Review Teams coordinated by UNFCCC secretariat

August

Review stage Details

Initial check Initial check is a simple quality assurance check to verify that the GHG inventory submitted by Parties is complete and reported in the correct format. The result is a status report which contains a brief check of completeness of the GHG inventory.

Synthesis and assessment

Synthesis and assessment consists of two parts. Part I includes the information on comparison of basic inventory information such as emission trends, activity data and implied emission factors, across Parties and over time. Part II provides a preliminary assessment of the GHG inventory of each Party.

Individual review

Individual review is conducted by Expert Review Team (ERT) to examine the data, methodologies and procedures used for preparing the national GHG inventory. Individual reviews are conducted as a centralized review, where approximately 4-5 GHG inventories are reviewed by an ERT or an in-country review, where a single inventory is reviewed by an ERT. This is the most important and detailed review stage.

Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c)

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Reporting requirements for Biennial Reports of Annex I Parties

Elements Detail

Guidelines UNFCCC biennial reporting guidelines for developed country Parties (Decision 2/CP.17, Annex I)

Submission due date

1st BR: 1 January 2014 2nd and subsequent BRs: two years after the due date of a full national communication (NC). (2016, 2020…) In the years when the full NC are submitted, BRs should be presented as an annex to the NC or a separate report. (2018, 2022…)

Composition

Biennial Report (BR) consist of the following two materials; BR (text) : an annex to the NC or a separate report Common Tabular Format (CTF) : Tables for reporting information on elements required in the UNFCCC BR reporting guidelines.

Reference: UNFCCC. (2011)

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Outline and general structure of the BR and CTF

Chapter Elements CTF

I. Information on greenhouse gas emissions and trends

Summary information from the national greenhouse gas inventory on emissions and emission trends Table1

National inventory arrangements -

II. Quantified economy-wide emission reduction target

(a) Base year, (b) Gases and sectors covered, (c) GWP, (d) Approach to counting emissions and removals from LULUCF sector, (e) Use of international market-based mechanisms in achieving its emission reduction target, (f) Any other information

Table2 (a)-(f)

III. Progress in achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets and relevant information

A. Mitigation actions and their effects

Information on its mitigation actions (Name of mitigation action, Sector affected, GHG(s) affected, Objective and/ or activity affected, Type of instrument, Status of implementation, Brief description, Start year of implementation, Implementing entity or entities, Estimate of mitigation impact)

Table3

Information on changes in its domestic institutional arrangements -

Detailed information on the assessment of the economic and social consequences of response measures -

B. Estimates of emission reductions and removals and the use of units from the market-based mechanisms and land use, land-use change and forestry activities

Reporting on progress in achieving the quantified economy-wide emission reduction target (summary) Table4

Further information on mitigation actions relevant to the contribution of LULUCF sector Table4(a)I, II

Reporting on progress on Kyoto Protocol units and Other units Table 4(b)

IV. Projections

Updated projections for 2020 and 2030

Summary of key variables and assumptions used in the projections analysis Table5

Information on updated greenhouse gas projections (with measures’ scenario, without measures’ scenario, with additional measures’ scenario)

Table6

Changes since its most recent national communication in the model or methodologies used for the preparation of projections and supporting documentation

-

Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC.(2012)

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Outline and general structure of the BR and CTF (-cont.)

Chapter Elements CTF

V. Provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties

Description of its national approach for tracking of the provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to non-Annex I Parties.

-

A. Finance

Description of the underlying assumptions and methodologies used to produce information on finance. -

Description on how it seeks to ensure that the resources it provides effectively address the needs of non-Annex I Parties with regard to climate change adaptation and mitigation.

-

Provision of public financial support (Summary) Table7

Provision of public financial support (contribution through multilateral channels) (Donor funding, Total amount, Status, Funding source, Financial instrument, Type of support, Sector)

Table7(a)

Provision of public financial support (contribution through bilateral, regional and other channels) (Recipient country/ region/project/programme, Total amount, Status, Funding source, Financial instrument, Type of support, Sector, Additional Information)

Table7(b)

B. Technology development and transfer (Recipient country and/or region, Targeted area, Measures and activities related to technology transfer, Sector, Source of the funding for technology transfer, Activities undertaken by, Status, Additional information)

Table8

C. Capacity-building (Recipient country/ region, Targeted area, Programme or project title, Description of programme or project)

Table9

VI. Other reporting matters

Domestic arrangements established for the process of the self-assessment of compliance with emission reductions in comparison with emission reduction commitments or the level of emission reduction that is required by science. Progress made in the establishment of national rules for taking local action against domestic non-compliance with emission reduction targets. Any other information that the Party considers relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and suitable for inclusion in its biennial report.

-


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Overview of International Assessment and Review

IAR process is conducted through 1) Technical review by ERT and 2) Multilateral assessment under the SBI for reviewing and assessing the progress made in achieving emission reductions and the provision of support by developed country Parties reported in the BR.

Elements Explanation

Objective Review the progress made in achieving emission reductions Assess the provision of financial, technological, and capacity-building support to developing country Parties Assess emissions and removals related to quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets under the SBI

Process (a) Technical review (b) Multilateral assessment

Scope

(a) All emissions and removals related to its quantified economy-wide emission reduction target (QERT) (reviewed and multilaterally assessed); (b) Assumptions, conditions and methodologies related to the attainment of its QERT (reviewed and multilaterally

assessed); (c) Progress towards the achievement of QERT (reviewed and multilaterally assessed); (d) Its provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties (reviewed);

Timing Every two years in accordance with the BR submission The 1st round of IAR commence two months after the submission of the 1st BR submission

Input BR (where relevant in conjunction with the GHG inventories and NCs)

Output Record prepared by the secretariat which includes in-depth review reports, the summary report of the SBI, questions submitted by Parties and responses provided, and any other observations by the Party under review that are submitted within two months of the working group session of the SBI


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Process of International Assessment and Review

Examine the consistency of the annual GHG inventory with the BR and NC. (not include in-depth examination of the inventory itself)

Review progress in emission reductions and removals related to the quantified economy-wide emission reduction target.

Response to questions from other Party(within two months). Those questions and answers will be published on the UNFCCC website.

Make a brief oral presentation

Oral questions and responses

Technical review

Output

Technical review reports

Output

Record prepared by the secretariat which includes; in-depth review reports Summary report of the SBI Questions submitted by

Parties and responses provided

Any other observations by the Party under review that are submitted within two months of the working group session of the SBI

Other review reports of NGI and NCs

Multilateral assessment

BR (document

& CTF) (NGI, NCs)

by ERTs under the SBI

Written questions from

other Party


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Overview of technical review of BR

The technical review of BR is the first step of the international assessment and review (IAR) process. The overview of technical review of BR is the following:

Elements Details

Guidelines

Decision 23/CP.19 Annex “Guidelines for the technical review of information reported under the Convention related to greenhouse gas inventories, biennial reports and national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention” PART IV: UNFCCC Guidelines for the technical review of biennial reports from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention

Purpose

To provide a thorough and comprehensive technical review of the parts of BRs that are not otherwise covered in the annual GHG inventory review.

To examine in an objective and transparent manner whether quantitative and qualitative information was submitted by Annex I Parties in accordance with the “UNFCCC biennial reporting guidelines for developed country Parties” adopted by the COP.

To promote consistency of the information contained in BRs submitted by Annex I Parties. To assist Annex I Parties in improving their reporting of information and the implementation of their commitments under

the Convention. To undertake an examination of the Party’s progress in achieving its economy-wide emission reduction target. To ensure that the COP has reliable information on the implementation of commitments under the Convention by each

Annex I Party with a view to promoting comparability and building confidence.

Procedures In the years when NCs and BRs are submitted together: Both the NC and BR will be subject to an in-country review. In the years when the BR is not reported in conjunction with the NC: The BR shall be subject to a centralized review.

Time frame Within 15 months


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Overview of technical review of BR (-cont.)

Elements Details

Scope

(a) Provide an assessment of the completeness of the BR, in accordance with the reporting requirements contained in decisions 2/CP.17 and 19/CP.18, and an indication of whether it was submitted on time;

(b) Examine the consistency of the BR with the annual GHG inventory and NC but it will not include in-depth examination of the inventory itself;

(c) Undertake a detailed technical examination of only those parts of the BR that are not included in the annual GHG inventory review, including the following: (i) All emissions and removals related to the Party’s quantified economy-wide emission reduction target; (ii) Assumptions, conditions and methodologies related to the attainment of the Party’s quantified economy-wide

emission reduction target; (iii) Progress the Party has made towards the achievement of its quantified economy-wide emission reduction target; (iv) The Party’s provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties;

Identification of issues

(a) Transparency; (b) Completeness; (c) Timeliness; (d) Adherence to the biennial report reporting guidelines as per decision 2/CP.17.

Output Technical review report, including an examination of the Party’s progress in achieving its economy-wide emission reduction target.


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Process of technical review of BR

In-country review

or Centralized

review (by ERT)

Draft technical review report

Final technical review report

1 week

Review for comment to

draft technical review report

(by AI)

4 weeks 4 weeks

BR

within 15 months

additional information from Party

2 weeks

8 weeks

published and forwarded to the COP, together with any written comments on the final review report by the Party


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Reporting requirements for National Communications of Annex I Parties

Elements Detail

Guidelines

Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on national communications (Decision 4/CP.5, FCCC/CP/1999/7)

Submission due date 6th NC: 1 January 2014

Frequency Every four years (7th NC: 2018)


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Outline and general structure of the NC of Annex I Parties

Chapter Elements

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

II. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES RELEVANT TO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS

III. GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY INFORMATION, INCLUDING INFORMATION ON NATIONAL SYSTEMS AND NATIONAL REGISTRIES

A. Summary tables B. Descriptive summary

IV. POLICIES AND MEASURES A. Policy-making process B. Policies and measures and their effects C. Policies and measures no longer in place

V. PROJECTIONS AND THE TOTAL EFFECT OF POLICIES AND MEASURES A. Projections B. Assessment of aggregate effects of policies and measures C. Methodology

VI. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION MEASURES

A. Expected impacts of climate change B. Vulnerability Assessment C. Adaptation measures

VII. FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY

A. Provision of ‘new and additional’ financial resources B. Assistance to developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to climate change D. Activities related to transfer of technology

VIII. RESEARCH AND SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION A. General policy on research and systematic observation B. Research C. Systematic observation

IX. EDUCATION, TRAINING AND PUBLIC AWARENESS

ANNEXES Summary tables on emission trends


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Overview of technical review for NC of Annex I Parties


Guidelines

Decision 24/CP.19 Annex “Guidelines for the technical review of information reported under the Convention related to greenhouse gas inventories, biennial reports and national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention” PART V: UNFCCC Guidelines for the technical review of national communications from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention

Purpose

To establish a process for a thorough and comprehensive technical review of the implementation of the commitments under the Convention by individual Annex I Parties and Annex I Parties as a group;

To examine in an objective and transparent manner whether quantitative and qualitative information was submitted by Annex I Parties in accordance with the “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on national communications” adopted by the COP;

To promote consistency of the information contained in the NCs of Annex I Parties; To assist Annex I Parties in improving their reporting of information under Article 12 of the Convention and the

implementation of their commitments under the Convention; To ensure that the COP has reliable information on the implementation of commitments under the Convention

by each Annex I Party and Annex I Parties as a whole.

Procedures in-country review

Time frame Within 15 months


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Overview of technical review for NC of Annex I Parties (-cont.)


Scope

(a) Provide an assessment of the completeness of the NC in accordance with the “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on national communications” adopted by the COP, and an indication of whether it was submitted on time; (b) Check the consistency of information contained in the NC with that contained in the BR and GHG inventory. If the same information is reported elsewhere, the information should be reviewed only once; (c) Undertake a detailed technical examination of the unique information contained in the NC and the procedures and methodologies used for the preparation of the information therein, noting that the outline of the NC is included in the list below: (i) National circumstances relevant to GHG emissions and removals; (ii) GHG inventory information; (iii) Policies and measures; (iv) Projections and the total effect of policies and measures; (v) Vulnerability assessment, climate change impacts and adaptation measures; (vi) Financial resources; (vii) Transfer of technology; (viii) Research and systematic observation;7 (ix) Education, training and public awareness; (d) Giving consideration to national circumstances, identify any potential issues.

Identification of issues

(a) Transparency; (b) Completeness; (c) Timeliness; (d) Adherence to the NC reporting guidelines as per decision 4/CP.5.

Output NC review report


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Process of technical review of NC

In-country review

(by ERT)

Draft NC review report

Final NC review report

1 week

Review for comment to draft review

report (by AI)

4 weeks 4 weeks

NC

within 15 months

additional information from Party

2 weeks

8 weeks

published and forwarded to the COP, together with any written comments on the final review report by the Party


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Relationship between NGI, BR and NC in terms of reporting elements

GHG emissions and trends

Quantified economy-wide emission

reduction target (QERT)

Projections

Policies and Measures

Education, Training and Public Awareness

Research and Systematic

Observation

Vulnerability Assessment,

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures

National Circumstances

Provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to

developing country Parties

Progress in achievement of QERT NGI

BR

NC

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Reporting and review for non-Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC


Communications

Section 1-2

34 /136



Overview of reporting and review requirements for non-Annex I Parties

Biennial Update Reports (BUR)

Submit biennially.

Contain information on national circumstances, national GHG inventory, mitigation actions and their effects, constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs, etc.

Subject to International Consultations and Analysis (ICA).


(NC)

Submit every four years.

Contain information on national circumstances, national GHG inventory, mitigation measures, adaptation measures, vulnerability assessment, constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs, etc.

No review process

Reporting and review requirements for non-Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC are as follows;

Reference: UNFCCC.(2002b), UNFCCC. (2011)

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Submission schedule for non-Annex I Parties under UNFCCC

1st BUR

NC

Kyoto Protocol 1st commitment period

Kyoto Protocol 2nd commitment period

New framework (under negotiation)

Biennial Update Reports (BUR) : biennially (since December 2014)

National Communications (NC) : every four years

2nd BUR

3rd BUR

4th BUR

5th BUR

NC NC

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

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Reporting requirements for Biennial Update Reports of non-Annex I Parties

Elements Detail

Guidelines UNFCCC biennial update reporting guidelines for Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (Decision 2/CP.17, Annex III)

Submission due date 1st BUR: December 2014 (* SIDS and LDCs may submit BURs at their discretion)

Frequency Every two years (i.e. 2nd BURs: 2016)

Target year of GHG inventory BUR shall cover, at minimum, the calendar year no more than four years prior to the date of submission, or more recent years. (i.e. 1st BURs shall cover 2010)


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Reporting elements of the BUR

Elements Detail

(a) National circumstances Information on national circumstances and institutional arrangements relevant to the preparation of the NCs on a continuous basis;

(b) National GHG inventory, including a national inventory report

Update of national GHG inventories according to the guidelines for the preparation of NCs. • Inventory years : calendar year no more than 4 years prior to the date of submission or more recent years.

Consistent time series back to the years reported in the previous NCs. • Methodologies : Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines and IPCC good practice guidance

(c) Mitigation actions and their effects

(a) Name and description of the mitigation action (b) Methodologies and assumptions (c) Objectives of the action and steps taken or envisaged to achieve that action (d) Progress of implementation of the mitigation actions and the underlying steps taken or envisaged, and the

results achieved (e) Information on international market mechanisms.

(d) Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs

Updated information on financial resources, technology transfer, capacity-building needs Updated information on financial resources, technology transfer, capacity-building and technical support received from the GEF, developed country Parties and multilaterals institutions

(e) Information on the level of support received to enable the preparation and submission of BURs;

Information on support received for the preparation of the BURs.

(f) Information on domestic measurement reporting and verification;

-

(g) Any other information Any other information that the non-Annex I Party considers relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and suitable for inclusion in its BURs.


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Technical annex regarding REDD+ activities

As additional or supplemental information , non-Annex I Parties may supply a technical annex including sector-

specific information (e.g. information on REDD+).

Non-Annex I Parties seeking to obtain and receive payments for results-based actions is requested to supply

following data and information through the technical annex of BUR;

The estimation of anthropogenic forest-related emissions by sources and removals by sinks

Forest carbon stocks

Forest carbon stock and forest-area changes.

Note: Above information and data should be transparent, and consistent over time and with the established forest reference

emission levels and/or forest reference levels (REL/RL).

Upon the request of the developing country Party seeking to obtain and receive payments for results-based

actions, two LULUCF experts from the UNFCCC roster of experts, one each from a developing country and a

developed country Party, will be included among the members selected for the technical team of experts under

the ICA.

Although Safeguard Information System (SIS) of REDD+ is still under negotiation in UNFCCC, Non-Annex I Parties

implementing REDD+ will be requested to supply information on safeguards referred in appendix 1 of decision

1/CP.16 through the BUR.

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Reporting requirements for National Communications of non-Annex I Parties

Elements Detail

Guidelines Guidelines for the preparation of national communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (Decision 17/CP.8)

Submission due date

1st NC: within three years of the Convention for that Party coming into force, or of the availability of financial resources in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 3 of the Convention. (* LDCs may make their initial NCs at their discretion.) 2nd and 3rd NC: The deadlines for submitting 2nd and 3rd NCs have not been decided. But COP11 decided that each non-Annex I Party should make all efforts to submit 2nd and 3rd NCs within four years of the initial disbursement of financial resources.

Frequency Every four years

Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC. (2002)

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Reporting elements of the NC of non-Annex I Parties

Elements Details

National circumstances Description of national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances Description of existing institutional arrangements relevant to the preparation of their NCs on a continuous basis.

National GHG inventory

Information on GHG emissions and removals Year : 1st NC=1994 or 1990, 2nd NC=2000 Methodologies : Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines and IPCC good practice guidance Gas : CO2, CH4, N2O (shall) HFCs, PFCs, SF6 (encourage)

General description of steps taken or envisaged to implement

the Convention

Adaptation Measures Vulnerability Assessment Mitigation Measures

Other information considered relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention

Technology transfer Research and systematic observation Education, training and public awareness Capacity-building activities Information and networking

Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity

needs

Constraints and gaps, financial, technical and capacity needs and activities for overcoming the constraints and gaps

Financial resources and technical support provided by GEF, Annex II Parties or multilateral/bilateral institutions Proposed projects for financing Information on implementing adaptation measures Country-specific technology needs and assistance received from developed country Parties and the financial

mechanism of the Convention

Other information Additional or supporting information


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Overview of International Consultation and Analysis


Modalities and guidelines

Modalities and guidelines for international consultation and analysis (Decision 2/CP.17 Annex IV)

Objective Increase of the transparency of mitigation actions and their effects of Non-Annex I Parties (* ICA is nonintrusive, non-punitive and respectful of national sovereignty) (** Discussion on the appropriateness of such domestic policies and measures is NOT part of ICA)

Process (a) Technical analysis (by a team of technical expert (TTE)) (b) Facilitative exchange of views (under SBI)

Timing Every two years 1st ICA commence within six months of 1st BUR submission. (* Special flexibility of the frequency of ICA are given to SIDS and LDCs)

Input BUR

Output Summary report Record of the facilitative sharing of views


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Process of International Consultation and Analysis

Technical analysis of BURs in a

single location

Brief presentation by the Party on their BURs

Oral questions and answers among Parties.

Technical analysis Facilitative sharing of views

Outcome

Summary report

Record of the facilitative

sharing of views Additional technical

information provided by

the Party

Written Questions

Draft Summary

report

Final Summary

report

within 3 months

Review and comment on draft report

(by NAI)

within 3 months within 3 months

by TTEs workshop under the SBI

BUR

Composition of TTE

TTE is composed of UNFCCC roster of experts who have successfully completed the CGE training program.

At least one and up to one third of the TTE is CGE member, and majority of TTE come from non-Annex I Parties.

The secretariat selects the TTE guided by the CGE.

Modalities of workshop

The SBI convene a workshop for facilitative sharing of views. This WS open to all Parties.

1-3 hour session for each Party.

Parties may request to present individually or in a group of up to five Parties.

Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC.(2013d)

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Relationship between BUR and NC in terms of reporting elements

GHG inventory Mitigation actions

and effects

Education, Training and Public Awareness

Research and Systematic

Observation

Vulnerability Assessment

National circumstances and

institutional arrangement

Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity

needs

BUR

NC

Domestic MRV Adaptation Measures

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Functions and requirements of national arrangements

for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National

Communications preparations


Communications

Section 2

45 /136



Definition of national arrangements

National arrangements are a set of legal, procedural, institutional arrangements relations between people and institutions to ensure the sustainable preparation of GHG inventory, Biennial Update Report, National Communications of standard quality.

Establishing national arrangements are particularly important to non Annex I Parties as they prepare for the regular reporting and the ICA process under the UNFCCC.

Types of arrangements Examples

Legal arrangements

•Regulation, directives, law, decree, decision or other legal instrument to establish a permanent national entity and GHG inventory team. •Regulation, directives, law, decree, decision or other legal instrument to formally assign roles and responsibilities to relevant government institutions.

Institutional arrangement •Any arrangement needed for the data providers to cooperate with the national entity. •Contracts or Memorandums of Understanding between national entity and data provider.

Procedural arrangement • Formalized work plan or Quality Assurance/Quality Control plan

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Functions of national arrangements

The general functions of national arrangements for GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs are of the following:

Legalize/Formalize the commitment to regularly prepare GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs;

Allocate responsibilities among stakeholders;

Ensure cooperation between stakeholders;

Ensure the quality of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs; and

Ensure sustainability of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs preparation process

The national arrangements are established to ensure that the GHG inventory, BUR, and NC preparation

cycle and the ICA preparation process run smoothly.

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National arrangements Legal arrangements

Institutional arrangements

Procedural arrangements

GHG inventory preparation cycle

Planning

1. Define roles and responsibilities

2. Define inventory products and milestones

3. Establish rules of procedure for inventory preparation

4. Draft inventory preparation schedule / work plan

5. Establish necessary national arrangements

6. Prepare budget

7. Determine priorities

Data collection, emission/removal estimation

1. Determine data availability and quality

2. Determine methods and compile data

3. Conduct emission calculations and complete text sections

4. Undertake quality assurance/quality control procedures

5. Undertake key category analysis and uncertainty assessment

6. Complete reporting

7. Complete inventory improvement strategy

Finalization of GHG inventory

1. Validation of results by national stakeholders

2. Revision of the GHG inventory as necessary

3. Officially approve the inventory products

Documentation/Archiving

1. Ensure regular and systematic documentation and archiving.

Assessment

1. Assess the overall process and identify areas of improvement for the future (short term and long term).

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Typical GHG inventory preparation schedule

12/2014 12/2016

Deliverables:

Schedule and work plan

Roles and responsibilities

Rules of procedure

Deliverables :

Draft GHG inventory report

Draft GHG inventory spreadsheets

Deliverables :

Final GHG inventory

report

Final GHG inventory

spreadsheets

Deliverables :

Organized

databases

Organized

resource reports

Deliverables :

Improvement

plan Seco

nd

BU

R

Thir

d B

UR

Submission

of First BUR

Submission

of 2nd BUR

Deliverables :

Schedule and work plan

Roles and responsibilities

Rules of procedure

Note: the national entity, together with other stakeholders should develop a

detailed plan/schedule identifying specific deliverables by stakeholder

Planning Data collection emission/removal

estimation Finalization

Documentation/

archiving Assessment

Planning

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Legal Arrangements and Procedural Arrangements for GHG inventories

Examples of legal arrangements:

International commitment such as UNFCCC decisions to report NCs and BURs on a regular basis

National regulation to commit the national government to prepare GHG inventories on a regular basis

National laws to establish stakeholders the roles and responsibilities

– The national entity or coordinating agency

– GHG inventory team

– Data providers to make data sharing mandatory

– Legal document to establish parameters to be used in the GHG inventory, etc.

Examples of procedural arrangements:

National guidelines that describes the process and schedule for preparing the GHG inventory

National manual that describes the procedural issues in preparing the GHG inventory

– The data/report format

– Rules of procedures

– Issues with confidentiality

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Institutional Arrangements for GHG inventories

Examples of institutional arrangements

Document on assignment of roles and responsibilities

– Establish coordinator responsible for allocation of responsibilities, work plans, rules of procedures etc.

– Arrangements (contracts, MoUs) to ensure sufficient cooperation between stakeholders for timely performance

– Clarify and agree on roles and responsibilities and clearly defined tasks of stakeholders and individuals

Memorandum of Understanding or contract between coordinating Agency and stakeholders to ensure data provision

or other cooperation.

MoU or contract to establish and inter-Ministerial groups.

– GHG inventory preparation team

– Management team

– Technical Committee

– Steering Committee, etc.

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General roles and necessary capacities of institutions

Position General roles Necessary capacities

National Entity

•Responsible for inventory management and planning

•Overall supervision of GHG inventory development

•Management of contracts and delivery of GHG inventory

•Coordination with all stakeholders

•Identification of necessary resources to improve the inventory, specifically

the data

•Technical and administrative expertise, as well as formal government authority •Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting requirements and IPCC methodologies •Capacity to coordinate and lead the process

National Focal

Point •Submission of the GHG inventory •Administrative skills

Data Providers

•Timely delivery of data in appropriate format

•Management of data acquisition, processing and reporting systems, quality

assurance/ quality control requirements

•Communication with national entity

•Technical skills, legal authority to improve and enhance data collection

Independent

Entity •conduct quality assurance activities •Technical skills to review the GHG inventory

GHG Inventory

Team

•Coordination with national entity to prepare the GHG inventory

•Scheduling of tasks and responsibilities

•Review of source data and identification of developments required to

improve GHG inventory data quality

•Documentation and archiving

•Management of QA/QC plans

•Data acquisition, processing and reporting

•Delivery of GHG inventory products

•Technical skills to carry out estimation and draft

inventory report.

•Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting

requirements and IPCC methodologies

Note: some individuals or institutions may belong to more than one position

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Possible institutional setup for GHG inventories

National Focal PointMinistry of Foreign Affairs or theClimate Change Office

Responsible for submission of the GHG inventory

National EntityDepartment of Climate Change in the Ministry of Environment

Responsible for the preparation of the inventory

GHG inventory teamResearch institutions, consultants

Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the inventory

Independent EntityResearch institutions, auditing agencies, consultants

Responsible for reviewing the draft/final inventory

Data ProvidersMinistries, Government agencies, research organizations, regions, private companies, etc.

• responsible for providing input data (AD, EF, parameters) for the inventory

Note: An organogram is useful to show the general roles and responsibilities between organization. However, a document detailing the exact roles and responsibilities is necessary, in addition to clear leadership by the National Entity.

53 /136



General roles and necessary capacities of individual team members

Position General role Necessary capacities

Coordinator •provide overall planning, coordination, management and technical oversight of the inventory

•Technical and administrative expertise, as well as formal government authority

Inventory compiler

•Overall data and document management. •Combine sector experts’ work into a cohesive inventory product •Identify an propose ways to resolve cross cutting issues

•Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting requirements and IPCC methodologies •Technical skills to carry out estimation and draft report.

Sector experts

•Undertake research, data collection, calculations, drafting, quality control, archiving, and documentation. •Coordinate with other sector experts to identify and resolve cross sectoral issues

•Technical expertise to carry out estimation and draft report.

QA/QC coordinator •Overall quality assurance / quality control coordination and/or overall data and document management

•A person with administrative expertise

Note: a sector expert could also be the inventory compiler and QA/QC coordinator especially

if there is a limitation of human resources

Ideally, a centralized setup can facilitate knowledge/experience sharing between team members

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Possible allocation of responsibilities of members

function tasks Team member

General planning

1. Define roles and responsibilities IC

2. Define inventory products and milestones IC

3. Establish rules of procedure for inventory preparation IC, COM, SE

4. Draft inventory preparation schedule / work plan IC, COM, SE

5. Establish necessary legal/ institutional arrangements IC

6. Prepare budget IC

Sector specific planning

1. Assess categories, determine priorities SE, COM

2. Establish preparation schedule SE, COM

Sector specific preparation

1. Determine data availability and quality SE

2. Determine methods and compile data SE

3. Conduct emission calculations and complete text sections SE

4. Complete quality assurance/quality control procedures SE, COM, QC

General preparation

1. Undertake key category analysis COM

2. Complete reporting SE, COM

3. Complete documentation and archiving SE, COM, QC

4. Complete inventory improvement strategy SE, COM, IC

Inventory coordinator: IC QA/QC coordinator: QC

Inventory compiler: COM Sector experts: SE

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Possible structure for GHG inventory team

Inventory coordinator

Inventory compiler

Energy Sector working group

Lead sector expert

sector expert

Industrial Processes Sector working group

Lead sector expert

sector expert

Agriculture Sector working group

Lead sector expert

sector expert

Land use Land use change and forestry Sector working

group

Lead sector expert

sector expert

Waste sector working group

Lead sector expert

sector expert

QA/QC Coordinator

Note: one person may be the inventory compiler and QA/QC coordinator. The inventory compiler may

also be the lead expert in one (or more) sector(s)

Working group members need to exchange information freely

to facilitate GHG inventory preparation. Experts of different

working groups also need to share information to identify and

resolve cross cutting issues

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National arrangements Legal arrangements



BUR/NC preparation cycle

Planning

1. Define roles and responsibilities

2. Define products and milestones

3. Establish rules of procedure

4. Draft BUR/NC preparation schedule / work plan

5. Establish necessary national arrangements

6. Prepare budget

7. Determine priorities

Data collection, compilation

1. Determine data availability and quality

2. Collect data and compile reports

3. Undertake quality assurance/quality control procedures

4. Complete reporting

Finalization of BUR/NC

1. Validation of results by national stakeholders

2. Officially approve the BUR/NC products

Documentation/Archiving

1. Ensure regular and systematic documentation and archiving.

Assessment

1. Assess the overall process and identify areas of improvement for the future (short term and long term).

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Legal Arrangements and Procedural Arrangements for BUR/NC

Examples of legal arrangements:

International commitment such as UNFCCC decisions to report NCs and BURs on a regular basis

National regulation to commit the national government to prepare BURs/NCs on a regular basis

National laws to establish stakeholders the roles and responsibilities

– The national entity or coordinating agency

– BUR/NC team

– Data providers to make data sharing mandatory

Examples of procedural arrangements:

National guidelines that describes the process and schedule for preparing the BUR/NC

National manual that describes the procedural issues in preparing the BUR/NC

– The data/report format

– Rules of procedures

– Issues with confidentiality

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Institutional Arrangements for BUR/NC

Examples of institutional arrangements

Document on assignment of roles and responsibilities

– Establish coordinator responsible for allocation of responsibilities, work plans, rules of procedures etc.

– Arrangements (contracts, MoUs) to ensure sufficient cooperation between stakeholders for timely performance

– Clarify and agree on roles and responsibilities and clearly defined tasks of stakeholders and individuals

Memorandum of Understanding or contract between coordinating Agency and stakeholders to ensure data provision

or other cooperation.

MoU or contract to establish and inter Ministerial groups.

– BUR/NC preparation team

– Management team

– Technical Committee

– Steering Committee, etc.

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Possible institutional setup for the BUR/NC

GHG inventory teamResearch institutions, consultants

Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the inventory

Note: An organogram is useful to show the general roles and responsibilities between organization. However, a document detailing the exact roles and responsibilities is necessary, in addition to clear leadership by the National Entity.

General teamResearch institutions, consultants

Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the general sections

Mitigation teamResearch institutions, consultants

Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the mitigation section

Support teamResearch institutions, consultants

Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the support section

Vulnerability/Adaptation teamResearch institutions, consultants

Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the V&A section

National Focal PointMinistry of Foreign Affairs or theClimate Change Office

Responsible for submission of the BUR/NC

National EntityDepartment of Climate Change in the Ministry of Environment

Responsible for the preparation of the BUR/NC

Data Providers Ministries, government agencies, research organizations, regions, private companies, etc

Responsible for providing input data or information for the BUR/NC

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Issues to consider

Developing/Strengthening national arrangements is an ongoing process and may require

several years to establish.

Some of the national arrangements may take longer to establish such as legal arrangements.

The key is to build on past experience and ensure that future processes can be improved.

A critical issue is to identify the most efficient process and draft a rolling work plan for

preparing the GHG inventory, and BUR/NC that can be updated as the Party strengthens its

national arrangements.

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Case Studies - Example of the development of National

Inventory Arrangement -


Communications

Section 3

62 /136



Japan

Section3: Case Studies - part 1 -

63 /136



Current National Inventory Arrangement of Japan

Relevant Ministries

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)

Private Consultant Companies

UNFCCC Secretariat

Other Stakeholder Organizations

Ministry of Economy, Trade

and Industry (METI)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,

Transport and Tourism (MLIT)

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and

Fisheries (MAFF)

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

Ministry of Finance (MOF)

Data request

Data provision

Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF

and NIR

Request for revision of CRF and NIR

Submission of GHG Inventory

Examination and Approval of Revision

proposal

Committee for the GHG Emissions

Estimation Methods

GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working

Group

Request for QC check of CRF and NIR


Ministry of the Environment (MOE)

National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Organization for actual work of

GHG inventory

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

(MHLW)


Data provision

Submission of the draft GHG Inventory

Agency for Natural Resources and Energy

(ANRE)

Forestry Agency

Request for revisions of Estimation Methods

Ministry of the Environment,

Other Relevant Divisions

Report of QA results

Request for QA of GHG inventory

Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013)

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1） Ministry of the Environment (MOE)

MOE is the single national entity responsible for preparing and submitting Japanese GHG inventory.

MOE manages all inventory compilation process.

MOE requests the relevant ministries/agencies for reviewing draft GHG inventory.

MOE organizes the Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods for improving GHG inventory.

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision

Request for DataRequest for QC check of CRF

and NIR




proposal


Estimation Methods


Group







Organization for actual work of GHG inventory


(MHLW)


Data provision



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







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2） Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

GIO performs the actual work of inventory compilation, which is responsible for inventory calculations, editing, and the archiving and management of all data.

GIO implements the following work.

collect and archive information and data

request the relevant ministries/agencies to provide necessary data for inventory

estimates GHG emissions

prepare a draft GHG inventory (CRF & NIR)

implement quality assurance/control (QA/QC) activities

make public inventory data … etc.

GIO was established in the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in June 2002 mainly for preparation of annual GHG inventory.

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision


and NIR




proposal


Estimation Methods


Group









(MHLW)


Data provision



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







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3） Relevant Ministries

Relevant ministries and agencies have the following roles and responsibilities.

Preparation of activity data, emission factor data, and other data needed for inventory compilation, and submission of the data by the submission deadline.

Quality control (QC) of the data provided to MOE and GIO.

Confirmation and verification of the inventory (CRF, NIR, spreadsheets, and other information) prepared by MOE and GIO.

(When necessary), responding to questions from expert review teams about the statistics controlled by relevant ministries and agencies, or about certain data they have prepared, and preparing comments on draft reviews.

(When necessary), responding to visits by expert review teams.

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision


and NIR




proposal


Estimation Methods


Group









(MHLW)


Data provision



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







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4） Relevant Organizations

Relevant organizations have the following roles and responsibilities.

Preparation of activity data, emission factor data, and other data needed for inventory compilation, and submission of the data by the submission deadline.

(When necessary), responding to questions from expert review teams about the statistics controlled by relevant organizations, or about certain data they have prepared, and preparing comments on draft reviews.

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision


and NIR




proposal


Estimation Methods


Group









(MHLW)


Data provision



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







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5） Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methods

The role of the Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methods which is organized by MOE is to consider the methods for calculating emissions and removals, consider the selection of parameters such as activity data and emission factors, and approve the revised inventory.

Under the Committee, there are 6 breakout-groups that consider sector-specific issues and the Inventory Working Group (IWG) that consider cross-cutting issues. In addition, Taskforce on NMVOC is set up as an additional group under the IWG, which examines methodologies of NMVOC emissions

The inventory WG and breakout-groups comprise experts in various fields from university, research institution, industrial organization, etc. They consider suggestions for inventory improvement and the suggestions are considered once more by the Committee and approved.

Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods

Energy and Industrial Processes

Transport Agriculture Waste F-gases

(HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3)

Inventory Working Group

LULUCF

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision


and NIR




proposal


Estimation Methods


Group









(MHLW)


Data provision



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency






NMVOC


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6） Private Consultant Companies

Private consultant companies that are contracted by MOE play the following roles based on their contracts.

Quality control (QC) of inventory (CRF, NIR, spreadsheets, and other information) compiled by MOE and GIO.

Providing support for MOE to conduct sub-groups of the Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methods.

(When necessary), providing support for responding to questions from expert review teams.

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision


and NIR




proposal


Estimation Methods


Group









(MHLW)


Data provision



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







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7） Quality Assurance Working Group (QA-WG)

GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group (QA-WG) is an organization for QA activities, and comprises experts who are not directly involved in inventory compilation.

Its role is to assure inventory quality and to identify places that need improvement by conducting detailed reviews of each emission sources and sinks.

QA-WG was put into place in 2009 in response to the indication from the expert review team that encouraged Japan to improve QA process.

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision


and NIR




proposal


Estimation Methods


Group









(MHLW)


Data provision



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







71 /136



History of National Inventory Arrangement of Japan

1992-1996 Beginning of GHG Inventory work in Japan A small inventory team consisting of Environmental Agency + private consultants prepared

inventory with limited assistance from relevant ministries/agencies

1997-1998

Inventory team: Environmental Agency + private consultants An ad hoc expert committee (9 members) was set up to consider revisions to comply with IPCC

Guidelines Relevant ministries/agencies participated in the ad hoc committee.

1999-2001

Inventory team: MOE + consultants An enhanced expert committee (about 60 members) was set up to consider improvements to

the inventory Relationship between ministries/agencies was further enforced, but there was still some walls.

2002-2007

Japan ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002 GIO was established in 2002 (but GIO had only a few members) Inventory team: MOE + GIO + consultants (Consultants mainly prepared a draft inventory) The committee (about 60 members) continued to play a key role The relevant ministries/agencies were involved in the inventory development process more

actively.

2008-

The member of GIO increases gradually. Now is over 10. Inventory team: MOE + GIO + consultants (GIO prepares a draft inventory mainly and

consultants implement QC activities.) QA/QC plan was prepared in 2008 QA-WG was set up in 2009.

Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO

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Phase 1 (1992-1994)

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision

Ad hoc Request for Data

Data provision



proposal


Estimation Methods


Group

Request for GHG inventory compilation

Submission of the draft GHG inventory

Environment Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

(MHLW)



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







Small inventory team consisting of

Environmental Agency + private consultants

prepared inventory with limited assistance

from relevant ministries/agencies

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Phase 2 (1996-1998)

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat


and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)


Ministry of Finance (MOF) Data request

Data provision



Group



Environment Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

(MHLW)



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency






proposal


Estimation Methods



Request for Data Request for QC check

Data provision Request for revision



Estimation Methods was set up for

developing and improving methodologies of

GHG emissions.

Other stakeholder organizations started to

cooperate to GHG inventory preparation.

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Phase 3 (1999-2002)

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat


and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)


Ministry of Finance (MOF) Data request

Data provision



Group





(MHLW)



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency






proposal


Estimation Methods



Request for Data Request for QC check

Data provision Request for revision


An enhanced expert committee (about 60

members) was set up to consider

improvements to the inventory.

Relevant ministries/agencies increased, but

there was still some walls.

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Phase 4 (2002-2008)

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision


and NIR




proposal


Estimation Methods


Group








GHG inventory


(MHLW)


Data provision



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







Japan ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002

GIO was established in 2002 (but GIO had

only a few members)

The relevant ministries/agencies were

involved in the inventory development

process more actively.

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Phase 5 (2009-)

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision


and NIR




proposal


Estimation Methods


Group








GHG inventory


(MHLW)


Data provision



(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







The member of GIO increases gradually.

Now is over 10.

Inventory team: MOE + GIO + consultants

(GIO prepares a draft inventory mainly and

consultants implement QC activities.)

QA-WG was set up.

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Mongolia


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Background on Mongolia and NC/GHG inventories

Mongolia signed UNFCCC in 1992, and ratified

in1993.

Mongolia submitted two National

Communications to UNFCCC.

Initial National Communication submitted in 2001

Second National Communication submitted in 2010

Mongolia will begin preparation for the 1st

Biennial Update Report (BUR) in 2014.

National Focal PointResponsible for NC submission to UNFCCC

Ministry of Nature, Environment and tourism

Responsible for the compilation of NC and implementatio of QA/QC

Mitigation working

groupmade up of consultants that conducted research and preparation of reports

National Communication Committee

Conduct QA/QC proceduresapproval of the NC

Data Providers

nationalstatistics, government agencies, etc.

Adaptation working group

made up of consultants that conducted research and preparation of reports

Institutional sep up for the Second National Communication

<Ministry of Environment Mongolia. Personal Interview. 2013, 2014.>

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The national arrangement for the Second NC

Legal Arrangements

The UNFCCC served as the legal basis for NC preparation.

Legal instrument was adopted to establish the technical working groups and the National

Communication Committee.

The Ministry of Environment contracted most preparation work to consultants.


The roles and responsibilities were assigned by the Ministry of Environment, and there was no legal

instrument describing each role/responsibility.

Ministry level cooperation was not a challenge. Data providers had motivation to cooperate but

institutions have a responsibility to disclose information.


Work plan drafted by the consultants. Also sent to other stakeholders, finally approved by the ministry.


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Key challenges of preparing the Second NC

Limited capacity of experiences.

Limited experience with the IPCC methodologies

Activity data collection was the main challenge in preparing the NC.

Identifying the necessary data;

The most important challenge was the activity data collection.

Most of the data used was from national statistics but for other data, identifying the data sources was a challenge.

Data collection is not systematic;

Often times, there was no official national statistics or not statistics at all;

Some categories has multiple data sources which showed conflicting data;

It had been 10 years since the initial national communication. Had to start over.


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Palau


82 /136



Background on Palau and NC/GHG inventories

Palau ratified the UNFCCC in 1999.

Palau submitted Initial National

Communications in 2002

Palau has completed the SNC draft and is

finalizing it now

Palau will begin preparation for the 1st Biennial

Update Report (BUR) in 2014.

Office for Environmental

Response and CoordinationResponsible for preparation of the National Communication

ConsultantsConduct and research and prepare reports

Data providers

Institutional sep up forthe Second National Communication

<OECD Palau. Personal Interview. 2013.>

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The national arrangements for the Second NC

The legal arrangement


Contracts made for consultants to do the preparation.

Institutional arrangement

The Office of the President outsourced most work to consultants.

Office of the President: Responsible for compilation and submission.

Consultants: Data collection, emission / projection estimation, drafting reports.

Procedural arrangement

No procedures exist in preparing the NC. Consultant works and drafts the report etc.

Activity data collection. Not systematic. Not sufficient. Not official data. Data conflicting.

Ad hoc. 10 years since the initial national communication. Starting over.


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Key challenges of preparing the Second NC

No human resources: work must be outsourced

Limited capacity of experiences.

Identifying the necessary data; collecting the data, making the estimations;

It had been 10 years since the initial national communication..

In preparing the Initial and Second National Communication, the most important challenge is

that we are starting over.


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Myanmar


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Background on Myanmar and NC/GHG inventories

Myanmar ratified the UNFCCC in 1994

Myanmar submitted Initial National

Communication in 2012.

National Environmental Conservation CommitteeNational forcal point

Ministry of Environmental Conservation and ForestryResponsible for National Communications

GHG inventory working groups (1)






<Technical expert of Myanmar. Personal Interview. 2013.>

87 /136



The National Arrangements of INC




The relevant ministries are involved in the preparation of NC not on formal basis but on voluntary basis.

Consultants: Data collection, emission / projection estimation, drafting reports.


No procedures exist in preparing the NC. Participants works and drafts the report etc.

Activity data collection. Not systematic. Not sufficient. Not official data. Data conflicting.


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Key challenges in preparing the Initial National Communications

The most serious issue on the preparation of GHG inventory and NC in Myanmar is a domestic system for the

preparation, in short, Institutional Arrangement. Support related to system development so that the involvement

and coordination of related ministries can proceed smoothly is necessary.

Since the power of National coordinator is not strong, it is difficult to manage the relevant ministries and research

institute. In addition, the government has little understanding of the necessity of GHG inventories.

The data collection is difficult. It is ordinary difficult to share data between ministries. The data collection relies on

human network of member of WGs.


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Indonesia


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Background on Indonesia and NC/GHG inventories

Indonesia has signed UNFCCC in 1992, and ratified

in1994

Indonesia submitted two National Communications to

UNFCCC.


Second National Communication submitted in

2011

Indonesia has begun preparation for the 1st BUR and

Third National Communication.

Indonesia is currently working on a capacity building

project with JICA to enhance its capacity to prepare

GHG inventories on a regular basis.

S I G N

Center

Kementerian

Lingkungan Hidup

Kementerian

Perhubungan

Kementerian Pertanian

Kementerian

Perindustrian

DNPI

UNFCCC

Kemenko Kesra

Laporan

Inventarisasi

GRK Nasional

<JICA workshop materials, “workshop on GHG inventories in Indonesia”,2013>

91 /136



The Current National Arrangements


Presidential Regulation 71 requires Indonesia to prepare GHG inventories on a regular basis.

It also assigns

– The Ministry of Environment as the coordinating agency for GHG inventories.

– Line Ministries to prepare their own sectoral GHG inventories.

– Provinces to prepare its provincial GHG inventory


Although the Presidential Regulation 71 assigns the broad responsibility to Ministries and provinces, the details of the

roles are not articulated in any document.

There is a GHG inventory unit within the Ministry of Environment and an office with the role to compile the national

GHG inventory.


There is a document describing the procedures.


92 /136



Key challenges

Lack of coordination between the line Ministries and the coordinating Agency.

Line Ministries have limited experience with the IPCC methods

The data collection is difficult. Disclosing data to other ministries is a challenge.


93 /136



Vietnam


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Background on Vietnam and NC/GHG inventories

Vietnam has signed UNFCCC in 1992, and ratified

in1994.

Vietnam submitted two National Communications to

UNFCCC.

Initial National Communication submitted in

2003

Second National Communication submitted in

2010

Vietnam has begun preparation for the 1st Biennial

Update Report (BUR)

Vietnam is currently working on a capacity building

project with JICA to enhance its capacity to prepare

GHG inventories on a regular basis.

IMHEN/VEA

・Determining methodologies・Preparing estimation files

・Preparing Inventory reports

DMHCCC

National Consultants

Institutions Provinces MinistriesOfficial

Statistics

Technicalsupport

Technicalsupport

Inventory submission

Data provision

Data collection

QC checklistsprovision

TSAG※

Technicaladvice, QC

Oversight of processNational system design

※ Trial Scientific

Advisory Group

<JICA workshop materials, “workshop on GHG inventories in Vietnam”,2013>

95 /136



The Current National Arrangements


There is no legal document for preparing a national GHG inventory, but the Ministry of Natural Resources and

Environment is in the process of drafting a legal instrument for preparation of a national GHG inventory.


The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is in the process of preparing a legal instrument that will

include information on the roles and responsibilities of all relevant stakeholders.

There are no arrangements between the line Ministries and the coordinating Agency.


There is a general work plan for preparing the GHG inventory. However it is not shared with all stakeholders.


96 /136



Key challenges

Lack of coordination between the line Ministries and the coordinating Agency.

The roles and responsibilities of the Ministries are unclear.

The data collection is difficult. Disclosing data to other ministries is a challenge.


97 /136



Lao People's Democratic Republic


98 /136



Background on Lao PDR and NC/GHG inventories

Lao PDR signed UNFCCC in 1995, and ratified

in1996

Lao PDR submitted two National

Communications to UNFCCC


Second National Communication submitted in 2013

Lao PDR will begin preparation for the 1st

Biennial Update Report (BUR) in 2014 or 2015

(under discussion). The 1st BUR will be prepared

by using components of 3rd National

Communication which is under preparation and

will be finalized until 2007.

National Environment Committee

Integrating body that provides overall

policies and approval for National GHG

inventory report

Institutional set up for the second National Communication

Ministry of Natural Resources and

Environment (MONRE)

Having overall responsibility to provide

guidance and direction

Second NC Project Board

Department of Natural Disaster

Management and Climate Change

Having overall responsibility of

monitoring, supervising and

guiding the TWGs

Energy TWG

Industry TWG

Agriculture TWG

LUCF TWG

Waste TWG

<Ministry of Environment, Laos. Personal Interview. 2014. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of

Lao PDR (2013) “Second National Communication of Climate Change of Lao PDR” (2013).>

99 /136



The national arrangement for the Second NC

Legal Arrangements

The UNFCCC served as the legal basis for NC preparation

There is no legal document for preparing a national GHG inventory

The responsible department of Lao PDR* contracted most preparation work to international consultants


The responsible department as the coordinating agency for GHG inventories organizes adhoc Technical Working

Group consist of line ministries for accelateing works related to NC preparation

Ministry level cooperation was a challenge. Data providers had motivation to cooperate but institutions have a

responsibility to disclose information.


No procedures exist in preparing the NC. Consultant works and drafts the report etc.

*Water Resources and Environment Administration (WREA) was responsible department until 2011) and the Ministry of

Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) is responsible Ministry after 2011



100 /136



Key challenges

The most serious issue on the preparation of NC and GHG inventory is lack of human resources and

capacity of experiences

Lack of human resources who are as trainer in each sector and organize stakeholders in Central and Provincial

Governments

Most of works must be outsourced to domestic and international consultants

Limited experiences of GHG inventory preparation in line with the IPCC methodologies

Adequate and accurate activity data collection, especially in Energy and LUCF (AFOLU) sectors, was also

challenge

Statistics data or database in each sector is also an issue. It is because that Lao PDR had some times of

reorganization of government ministries, then statistics data, especially in past years, are not managed

very well



101 /136



Findings/Summary


Communications

Section 4

102 /136



Challenges regarding national arrangements and possible solutions

Common Challenges Possible Solutions

Legal

• No legal instrument to assign roles and

responsibilities

• No legal mandate for institutions to provide data or

information to inventory compiler

• Lacking legal agreements and data-sharing

mandates

• Draft agreement or legal document with clearly defined roles and

responsibilities for the institutions involved .

Procedural

• Limited systems for data management and reporting

starting over.

•Insufficient documentation from previous inventories

• Draft a QA/QC plan, guidelines, or manual with all stakeholders and

revise every cycle as necessary.

• Learn from other countries that have established a well respected data

management systems. Consider bilateral exchanges to share experience .

Institutional

•Unclear roles and responsibilities

• Lack of political will and buy-in from across

stakeholders

• Weak coordination capacity across national

institutions and agencies/ministries

• Difficulty in maintaining expert human resources -

loss of institutional memory and capacity

• Draft agreement or MoU clearly defined roles and responsibilities for the

institutions involved.

• Establish coordination mechanism between governmental departments

• Develop a common understanding of the objectives across all relevant

stakeholders .

• Promote awareness of the UNFCCC requirements and the importance of

GHG inventories.

103 /136



Other Challenges and possible solutions

Common Challenges Possible Solutions

Individual

• Lack of human resources: work must be outsourced

• Difficulty in maintaining expert human resources

• Staff institutions sufficiently and provide staff with training on

methodologies .

• Ensure that the GHG inventory, BUR, and NC documents are detailed

and transparent so that the reports can be reproduced by new staff. This

can also be used as training material for incoming staff.

• Promote awareness within government institutions of the importance of

GHG inventories.

Data

• Lack of data

• Ensure that the data providers and the national entities have the

authority to enhance the data collection system by, for example, involving

the Statistics Agency into the GHG inventory process.

• Establish legal arrangements to ensure that necessary data for the GHG

inventory can be collected.

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Other observations

Strengthening the national arrangements for GHG inventories has been a continuous process in Japan,

and has evolved over two decades of experience.

In most countries, the coordination or cooperation between institutions is a key challenge, but in some

countries like Mongolia or Palau, this is not viewed as a barrier.

All countries have data availability issues. However, there is no complete list of missing data or a

prioritization of developing the statistics.

Some countries are in the process of preparing for the regular reporting of BURs and NCs while others are

still considering the way forward.

All countries have an organogram that shows the institutional setup for preparing the GHG inventory,

BURs, and NCs, but most countries do not have a detailed paper or agreement paper that clearly describes

the roles and responsibilities, the schedule, etc. of all stakeholders.

105 /136



Developing a roadmap for strengthening national arrangements

Most non Annex I Parties have already prepared GHG inventories and National Communications in the

past. The key issue is to take the arrangements made in the past and strengthen them so comply with the

regular reporting under the UNFCCC.

As stated in an earlier slide, the general functions of national arrangements are of the following:

Legalize/Formalize the commitment to regularly prepare GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs;

Allocate responsibilities among stakeholders;

Ensure cooperation between stakeholders;

Ensure the quality of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs; and

Ensure sustainability of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs preparation process

All functions above must be addressed by the country’s system in order to sustainably prepare the GHG

inventory, BUR, and NC. However, the necessary set of arrangements depends on national circumstances.

Non Annex I Parties have different combinations of arrangements in place, but meeting all components is

a challenge.

Parties need to develop a cycle of reviewing its national arrangements, identify gaps, and develop a

roadmap for strengthening the arrangements.

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Process of enhancing national arrangements

Step1: Carry out Gap Analysis: Assess the current status of the national arrangements to identify the

strengths and weaknesses

Step2: Develop long term plan to strengthen national arrangements taking into consideration national

circumstances and priorities

Step3: Implement the long term plan

Step4: Review the national arrangements and continue to strengthen national arrangements as

necessary, ensuring that the system can comply with any additional requirements of the UNFCCC

provisions.

107 /136



Getting Started

Countries will have different requirements and methods to establish national arrangements, depending on

the structure of government, culture, and other national circumstances.

What kinds of arrangements are necessary in your country to ensure the general functions of the national

arrangements (formalize commitments, allocation of responsibilities, ensure cooperation, ensure quality,

ensure sustainability)?

Questions for the national entity

Is a legal instrument necessary to legalize/formalize the commitment to regularly prepare GHG

inventories, BURs, and NCs?

How can clearly defined responsibilities be agreed and allocated among stakeholders?

How can the cooperation between stakeholders be ensured?

How can the quality of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs be assured?

How can the sustainability of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs preparation process be ensured?

108 /136



Challenges in enhancing national arrangements

Legal Arrangements: Although legal arrangements are the most stringent type of arrangement, drafting

legal documents and getting them approved or legalized often take a long time, in some countries, years.

Meanwhile, the UNFCCC has biennial deadlines for BURs and waiting for legal documents to go into effect

may not be the best strategy for many countries.

Institutional Arrangements: Most non Annex I Parties have already prepared GHG inventories and

National Communications in the past. The key issue is to take the arrangements made in the past and

strengthen them so comply with the regular reporting under the UNFCCC. Memorandums of

Understanding, contracts, agreement documents may suffice to permanently establish GHG inventory,

BUR/NC institutions and facilitate coordination. A key issue however, is for all stakeholders to buy in and

agree to the roles and responsibilities. This may take some time to discuss and negotiate, but usually will

not take as long as getting a legal document passed.

Procedural Arrangements: Most non Annex I Parties have outsourced much of the GHG inventory, NC

work to independent experts or consultants that produced the deliverables. To institutionalize the

processes, the national entity should contract these experts to produce a document which explains the

processes and methods that the reports were produced so the next team can build on their experiences.

This is an activity that can be done without the coordination of stakeholders, and perhaps most important.

109 /136



Organizational Structure

patterns Key points

Centralized teams

Legal arrangements may not be required to allocate responsibilities or determine the rules of procedure. However, there may still be a need for legal documents for data collection. Establishing institutional arrangements is still a high priority for data collection. The procedural arrangements is important to keep institutional memory and also to ensure coordination among the data providers.

Decentralized teams

Legal arrangements may be necessary to ensure coordination between members. This may be time consuming but has binding power. The national entity will need to show leadership to facilitate the agreement on detailed roles and responsibilities, the rules of procedure, etc. Establishing institutional arrangements should be a high priority, but leadership from the national entity is a requisite. The procedural arrangements will be of particular importance to ensure coordination among stakeholders.

Some countries have a centralized organizational structure where GHG inventory team members belong

from a single institution and others have a decentralized system where members are from several

different institutions. The structure will have implications on the necessary arrangements that need to be

in place

110 /136



Human resources

patterns Key points

Human resources available ( 3~ people)

It is essential for the team to document all procedural arrangements, particularly a manual or step by step guidelines so that anybody can update the information. For the GHG inventory preparation, the coordinator and the compiler are essential positions to fill to ensure that government institutions have oversight and supervise the preparation process. A single person can be in charge of multiple sectors, for example, energy, industrial processes and energy. Typically, a single person should be in charge of the LULUCF sector as it can be complicated and requires several datasets.

Less than 3 people available

For the GHG inventory preparation, the coordinator and the compiler are essential positions to fill to ensure that government institutions have oversight and supervise the preparation process. If the work is outsourced, the experts should be contracted to document all procedural arrangements, particularly a manual or step by step guidelines so that anybody can update the information.

Although regular reporting of GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs are UNFCCC requirements, some countries

may not have the human resources in government institutions to carry out the activities. Some even have

less human resources and must rely on independent experts or consultants.

111 /136



Data / information sharing

patterns Key points

Data collection is a barrier

It may be necessary to establish legal arrangements to ensure the provision of data from government institutions. In this case, it is important to design the arrangement to be flexible in case of a revision of methodologies in the future. Institutional arrangements with the Statistics Agency should be in place to ensure the smooth transfer of data and improvement of the data collection system. Also, information between different working groups are also essential to resolve crosscutting issues.

Data collection is not a barrier

Even if data collection is not a barrier, institutional arrangements may need to be developed between the GHG inventory team or the national entity and the agencies to ensure that the agencies can collect new data according to the inventory needs.

In many countries, data sharing is a serious challenge due to data collectors’ protectiveness of

information.

112 /136



Continuous improvement

Key points

Institutional Arrangement

•Establish regular system of review and inventory improvement plan •Set up networks to share lessons learned, disseminate good practices, and instigate peer-to-peer exchange

Methodologies •Use higher IPCC Tier as appropriate

Data Availability & Data Collection Systems

•Review and improve data collection systems to improve completeness and engage all relevant data providers as part of this process

Data Quality •Aim to improve completeness and accuracy of data.

Capacities & Technical Skills

•Improve capacity and technical skills as part of the development plan

Tools & Instruments •Make best use of efficient data collection and process system, ensure team members are trained to use them effectively, update all procedural arrangements

It is important for the national entity and all stakeholders to understand that the GHG inventory is a

continuous process, and that improvements will be made, requiring the team to recalculate past GHG

emissions and also revise any mitigation targets accordingly.

113 /136



Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update

Reports, National Communications

Part II

114 /136



Technical tools for preparing GHG inventories

Part II: Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National

Communications

Section 1

115 /136



GHG inventory products

Need to define

Chapter/sections to be included in BUR/NC: what elements will be included in the report? What structure will the

chapter/sections follow?

Inventory report: how detailed? What language? What information to include?

Spreadsheet tables

How detailed will the spreadsheets be organized?

Will the team use the inventory software or an original software/spreadsheet system?

How will the team organize the data?

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UNFCCC requirements

IPCC Guidelines are used to estimate emissions/removals for ALL national GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC.

Requirements for Annex I and non Annex I Parties are different.

According to the UNFCCC Reporting Guidelines…

Annex I Parties:

shall use the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

shall also use the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

(2000) and the Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (2003).

shall use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines starting 2015

Non Annex I Parties:

Should use the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Encouraged to apply the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas

Inventories (2000)

(note: Although not mentioned in the UNFCCC reporting guidelines, non Annex I Parties are not forbidden to use the

2006 IPCC Guidelines)

117 /136



List of available references and tools

Source Detail

Management Reporting

UNFCCC decisions Various guidance and training documents available to help with compilation of an inventory. Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) has published several training documents on the UNFCCC website.

Technical Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)

An Excel-based software has been developed to support Parties in the compilation of their GHG inventory and national communication. In general, the Software uses Tier 1 methodologies for estimating GHG emissions and removals for all source categories described in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.

Reporting Technical

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Guidelines for national GHG inventories and good practice guidance. The IPCC also has developed a software for the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

Reporting US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Provides templates which can be worked through to help develop an inventory cycle (such as QA/QC, Key category analysis, documentation, archiving)

Technical International Energy Agency (IEA) Various country specific data including fuel balances are available.

Technical Colorado State University - more information available here.

Agricultural and Land Use software, for estimating emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation

Technical Global Observation for Forest and Land Cover Dynamics

Draft “sourcebook” to explain, clarify, and provide methodologies to support REDD actions and mechanisms, to build national REDD monitoring systems

Management National Communications Support Programme

Managing the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Process

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Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

The Reporting Instructions (Volume 1) provides step-by-step directions for assembling, documenting

and transmitting completed national inventory data consistently, regardless of the method used to

produce the estimates. These instructions are intended for all users of the IPCC Guidelines and

provide the primary means of ensuring that all reports are consistent and comparable.

The Workbook (Volume 2) contains suggestions about planning and getting started on a national

inventory for participants who do not have a national inventory available already and are not

experienced in producing such inventories. It also contains step-by-step instructions for calculating

emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), as well as some other trace gases, from six

major emission source categories. It is intended to help experts in as many countries as possible to

start developing inventories.

The Reference Manual (Volume 3) provides a compendium of information on methods for estimation

of emissions for a broader range of greenhouse gases and a complete list of source types for each. It

summarizes a range of possible methods for many source types. It also provides summaries of the

scientific basis for the inventory methods recommended and gives extensive references to the

technical literature.

<http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs1.html>

Note: All sector experts should read these technical guidelines.

http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs1.html



119 /136



IPCC Good Practice Guidance for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

The IPCC Good Practice Guidance provides guidance on:

Choice of methods, emission factors and activity data

Reporting and documentation

Identification of key source categories

Uncertainty Assessment

Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) etc.

< http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/english/ >

The GPG-LULUCF is consistent with the existing good practice guidance for the other

sector and addresses:

Choice of estimation method within the context of the IPCC Guidelines;

Quality assurance and quality control procedures to provide cross-checks during the

inventory compilation;

Data and information to be documented, archived and reported to facilitate review and

assessment of inventory estimates;

Quantification of uncertainties at the source or sink category level and for the inventory

as a whole, so that resources available can be directed toward reducing uncertainties

over time, and the improvement can be tracked.

<http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.html>

Note: All sector experts should read these technical guidelines

http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/english/



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2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting: describes the basic steps in

inventory development and offers the general guidance in greenhouse gas

emissions and removals estimates.

Volumes 2: Energy sector

Volume 3: Industrial Processes and product use sector

Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry, and land use sector

Volume 5: Waste sector

<http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html>

Note: All sector experts should read these guidelines if preparing the GHG inventory based on the

2006 IPCC Guidelines.

http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html



http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol1.html





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UNFCCC non-Annex I Greenhouse Gas Inventory Software

The software package consists of the following 8 files

The individual sheets of the Excel workbooks are protected so that only relevant cells can be modified

START.XLS

OVERVIEW.XLS

MODULE1.XLS

MODULE2.XLS

MODULE4.XLS

MODULE5.XLS

MODULE5B.XLS

MODULE6.XLS

:the start up sheet

:the overview table for national greenhouse gas inventories Key category analysis

:calculation sheet for Energy

:calculation sheet for industrial process

:calculation sheet for Land-Use Change and Forestry

:calculation sheet for Agriculture

:calculation sheet for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry

:calculation sheet for Waste

<https://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_national_communications/non-annex_i_inventory_software/items/7627.php>

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UNFCCC non-Annex I Greenhouse Gas Inventory Software

Input figure

A×B

Input figure C-D

E×F

<Calculating GHG emission for the national inventory>

Example: CH4 emission from Underground Mines (Post-mining Activities）

<https://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_national_communications/non-annex_i_inventory_software/items/7627.php>

123 /136



IPCC software

The IPCC Inventory Software implements the simplest Tier 1 methods in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National

Greenhouse Gas Inventories and as such is useful to users of all versions of the IPCC Guidelines.

This software has a number of improvements over earlier software for the Revised 1996 Guidelines, including:

Standalone software that does not require any additional software or internet access

Covers all inventory categories but can also be used for management of specific sectors

Allows different parts of the inventory to be developed simultaneously

Data entry in worksheets following 2006 IPCC Guidelines for ease-of-use

Provides default data from 2006 IPCC Guidelines but gives users the flexibility to use their own country-specific information

Example of energy background table

<http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/>

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An example Structure of National GHG Inventory File System

Multiple MS Excel files can be used to estimate emissions and removals.

For example, files can be organized into 4 Level based on the function.

Level 1

Input Data and Primary Calculations

Level 2

Calculations of Activity Data and Emission Factors

Level 3

Calculations of Emissions

Level 4

CRF & Verification

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Software vs. Spreadsheets

Developing own Hierarchical Structure Using Software

Pros

• Can choose methodologies to calculate emission which is most appropriate for the country.

• Can change structure of files and the methodologies of calculation easily.

• It helps to save resources( in particular time)

• It facilitates the reporting to the UNFCCC, as well as the management of data

cons

• The methods need to be determined before developing structure of files.

• Developing hierarchical structure takes time and effort compared to using software.

• It provides Tier 1 methodologies only. Customizing is difficult.

• Can be difficult to manage one file simultaneously at the same time.

• Software errors sometimes happen.

The GHG inventory team and the national entity should discuss the data management methods and procedures to

ensure that the data system is manageable and flexible enough for the users.

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Templates for documentation

template contents

Institutional Arrangements for National Inventory Systems

Assists inventory teams in assessing and documenting the strengths and weaknesses of existing institutional arrangements and to help plan arrangements for future inventory development.

Methods and Data Documentation

Assists inventory teams in documenting and reporting the origin of methodologies, activity datasets, and emission factors used to estimate emissions or removals.

Description of Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures

Guides countries through the establishment of a cost-effective QA/QC program to improve transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness, and confidence in national GHG inventories.

Description of Archiving System Facilitates reproducing and updating GHG emission estimates to be easily recreated, safeguards against data and information loss, and facilitates development of subsequent inventories by future inventory staff.

Key Category Analysis Identifies the sources and/or sinks that have the greatest contribution to national emissions, and thus should be the focus of improvement efforts.

National Inventory Improvement Plan

Synthesizes findings and describes specific priorities for future capacity-building projects based on the needs identified in the first five templates, and facilitates continual inventory improvements.

Pre-defined National System Templates can be used as a starting point to manage the GHG inventory preparation

information.

<http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/EPAactivities/internationalpartnerships/capacity-building.html#National>

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US EPA Template

Role Name Organization Contact Information Comments

Inventory Director/Coordinator

Energy Sector Lead

Industrial Processes Lead

Agriculture Sector Lead

LULUCF Sector Lead

Waste Sector Lead

Archive (Data and Document)

Manager/Coordinator

QA/QC coordinator

Uncertainty Analysis coordinator

Other: e.g., GHG Policy Specialist

who tracks capacity building efforts

and IPCC processes

A major component of U.S. EPA's approach is to build sustainable national GHG inventory management

systems using the pre-defined National System Templates as a starting point. Completed templates can be

compiled into a single National Inventory System Report, which provides a comprehensive documentation

of each critical component for managing development of the GHG inventory development process.

National Inventory Management Team

<http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/EPAactivities/internationalpartnerships/capacity-building.html#National>

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Example outline for national GHG inventory report

1. Introduction

Background information on greenhouse gas

inventories and climate change

Description of the national system of GHG inventory

preparation

Process of inventory preparation

General description of methodologies and data

sources used

2. General trends

Description and interpretation of emission trends for

aggregated greenhouse gas emissions

Description and interpretation of emission trends by

gas

Description and interpretation of emission trends by

category

3. Sectors

Institutional arrangements for GHG inventory

preparation

Overview of Sector

Category description

– Overview of category

– Methodology

– Activity data

– Emission factor

– Emission/Removal result

– Improvements

Note: this is an example outline of a national

GHG inventory report as a standalone report.

When included in the BUR or NC, the

contents will be summarized

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Training materials for the GHG inventory

Material contents

Cross cutting Information on Cross-cutting issues such as • National arrangements • Building sustainable national GHG inventory management systems • IPCC EFDB • Key category analysis • Uncertainty assessment • Quality assurance/quality control procedures • Data gaps

Sector specific Energy (Fuel combustion and fugitive emissions), Industrial Processes, Agriculture, LULUCF, Waste - Overview explanation - Handbook - introduction to software - training exercises - Test

There are several CGE training materials available on the UNFCCC website.

<http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/training_material/methodological_documents/items/349.php>

130 /136



Technical tools for preparing Biennial Update Reports


Part II: Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National

Communications

Section 2

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BUR/NC products

BURs

No detailed guidelines on the format and content specific to BURs exist, but BURs are summaries or more frequent

updates of NCs. Thus, the UNFCCC guidelines for the preparation of national communications for non-Annex I Parties

and its user manual should be used for reporting.

NCs

National circumstances

National GHG inventory

General description of steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention

Other information considered relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention

Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs

Other information

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UNFCCC requirements

For GHG inventory preparation, there are clear guidelines and rules that must be followed.

However, this is not the case for the other components of the BUR and NC such as steps taken or

envisaged to implement the Convention, constraints and gaps, and financial, technical and

capacity needs.

133 /136



List of available tools and references

Source Detail

Reporting management

UNFCCC decisions •Various guidance and training documents available to help with compilation of an inventory. Information from Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) workshops also available.

Technical Consultative Group of Experts (CGE)

•Institutional arrangements for the preparation of national communications and BURs on a continuous basis •Mitigation actions and their effects, including associated methodologies and assumptions; •Constraints and gaps and related financial, technical and capacity needs, including a description of the support needed and received and information on the level of support received to enable the preparation and submission of BURs.

Technical GHG Protocol •Policies and Actions Accounting and Reporting Standard •Mitigation Goals Accounting and Reporting Standard

Technical National Communications Support Programme

•Toolkit for Designing Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives (UNDP) •Guidance on the Development of Regional Climate Scenarios for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments (Dr. Xianfu Lu, NCSP)

There are several references for the components of the BUR and NC, however there are few comprehensive documents

that can be used as guidelines for all Parties.

134 /136



Training materials for the NC/BUR

Material Contents

Mitigation Assessments

Mitigation in Context of National Communications and the UNFCCC Mitigation Assessment: Concepts, Structure and Steps Mitigation Options, Issues and Barriers by Sector Mitigation Analysis: Methods and Tools Reporting on Mitigation in National Communications Building national arrangements for the mitigation assessment Exercises

Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments

•Vulnerability and adaptation frameworks •Baseline socioeconomic scenarios •Climate change scenarios •Sector specific handbook and overview - Coastal resources - Water resources - Agriculture - Human health - Integration - Communication

User manual For use by Parties and experts responsible for preparation of the NCs, and also by national climate change teams or committees that facilitate coordination, organization, management of tasks/activities.

There are several CGE training materials available on the UNFCCC website. The CGE has also developed a users manual

for NC preparation that can be referenced for BUR preparation.

135 /136



References

I. Reporting and review for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC

UNFCCC.(1999) “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications

by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC

reporting guidelines on national communications” (Decision 4/CP.5)

UNFCCC. (2011) Decision 2/CP.17. Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc

Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the

Convention, FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1. Available at

http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/eng/09a01.pdf.

UNFCCC.(2012) “Common tabular format for "UNFCCC biennial reporting

guidelines for developed country Parties"” (Decision 19/CP.18)

UNFCCC. (2013a) Revision of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual

inventories for Parties included in Annex I to the Convention (Decision

24/CP.19)

UNFCCC. (2013b) “Use of the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse

gas inventors and revision of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines for

Annex I Parties to the Convention” Available at

http://unfccc.int/national_reports/annex_i_ghg_inventories/reporting

_requirements/items/5333.php

UNFCCC. (2013c) “Guidelines for the technical review of information

reported under the Convention related to greenhouse gas inventories,

biennial reports and national communications by Parties included in

Annex I to the Convention” (Decision 23/CP.19, Annex)

II. Reporting and review for non-Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC

UNFCCC. (2002) “Guidelines for the preparation of national

communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the

Convention” (Decision 17/CP.8)

UNFCCC. (2011) Decision 2/CP.17. Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc

Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the

Convention, FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1. Available at

http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/eng/09a01.pdf.

UNFCCC. (2013d) “Composition, modalities and procedures of the team of

technical experts under international consultations and analysis”

(Decision 20/CP.19, Annex)

III. Functions and Requirements of national inventory arrangements

UNFCCC.(2005) “Guidelines for national systems under Article 5, paragraph

1, of the Kyoto Protocol” (Decision 19/CMP.1)

National Communications Support Programme (2005) “Managing the

National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Process”

Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications From Parties

not Included in Annex I to the Convention (CGE), “Handbook on

Building Sustainable National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Management

Systems”

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References

IV. Case Studies - Example of the development of National Inventory

Arrangement -

GIO.(2013) “The Development of Japan’s National System”, Elsa Hatanaka,

The 11th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia, 5th - 7th, July, 2013

MOE, GIO.(2013) “National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of JAPAN

(2013)”

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Lao PDR (2013) "Second

National Communication of Climate Change of Lao PDR" (2013).

Mongolia, Palau, Laos, Myanmar, Laos government. Personal Interviews.

2013, 2014.

JICA workshop materials, “workshop on GHG inventories in Indonesia”,

“workshop on GHG inventories in Vietnam”2013 .

V. Findings/ Summary

none

VI. Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National

Communications

IPCC (1996) “Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas

Inventories”

IPCC (2000) “Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in

National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”

IPCC (2003)“Good Practice Guidance for Land Use Land-Use Change and

Forestry”

IPCC (2006) “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas

Inventories”

IPCC Inventory Software, http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/

MOE, GIO.(2013) “National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of JAPAN

(2013)”

EPA, USAID (2011), “Developing a National Greenhouse Gas Inventory

System”

Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties

not included in Annex I to the Convention (CGE),

https://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-

annex_i_natcom/cge/items/2608.php

http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/



https://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/cge/items/2608.php



Copyright (C)2014 Ministry of the Environment Japan. All Rights Reserved.

Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories,

Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications

Version 2.1 , June 2014

This has been developed as part of the project below:

Ministry of the Environment, Japan “Feasibility Studies on

Joint Crediting Mechanism Projects towards

Environmentally Sustainable Cities in Asia"(2013FY)

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