Supporting the future of Syria and the region · 2020. 6. 30. · The total number of refugees and...

Council of the European Union Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 - B-1048 Bruxelles/Brussel - Belgique/België Tel. +32 (0)2 281 65 25

Follow us http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/ - #EUCOlibrary 1/22

Council of the European Union General Secretariat

READING REFERENCES 2020 Council Library

Supporting the future of Syria

and the region

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibrary



Reading list compiled by the Council Libraries

Please note:

This bibliography is not exhaustive; it provides a selection of resources made by the Council Library. Most of the titles are hyperlinked to Eureka, the resource discovery service of the Council Library, where you can find additional materials on the subject. Access to some resources might be limited to registered Council Library users or to users in subscribing institutions.

The contents are the sole responsibility of their authors. Resources linked from this bibliography do not necessarily represent the positions, policies, or opinions of the Council of the European Union or the European Council. Reuse of the covers is prohibited, they belong to the respective copyrightholders. The Council Libraries cooperate with the Learning Centres of the European Commission, along with other Belgian and international libraries, and can borrow material from them. If you are interested in any of these references, please submit your request to the Council Library. The books can be delivered to your office. Click on Request interlibrary loan via Eureka hyperlink and fill in the form, or contact [email protected] Additional resources may be added to this list by request - please contact the Council Library to suggest a title: [email protected]

BOOKS

The Syrian war : between justice and political reality Hilly Moodrick-Even Khen ; Nir T. Boms ; Sareta Ashraph (eds) Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2020 Request via Eureka "The current state of affairs in Syria, and the uncertainty regarding its future, raise numerous questions for scholars and practitioners of both international law and politics about justice within the context of a changing political reality in Syria. This book is divided into three sections: Part I sets the factual and legal framework for the Syrian conflict; Part II focuses on the implications of the conflict for the Syrian neighbourhood; and Part III analyses possible post-conflict scenarios."

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/search?vid=32CEU_VU1&sortby=rank&lang=en_UShttps://myintracomm.ec.testa.eu/hr_admin/en/training/Pages/Learning-Centre.aspx#aboutmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.genre=book&ctx_enc=info:ofi%2Fenc:UTF-8&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid%2Fprimo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo4-book-cLinker&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:book&isCitationLinker=Y&rft.date=&rft.btitle=The%20Syrian%20war%20:%20between%20justice%20and%20political%20reality&rft.volume=&rft.part=&rft.isbn=9781108487801&rft.aulast=Moodrick-Even%20Khen&rft.aufirst=Hilly&rft.auinit=&rft.publisher=Cambridge%20University%20Press&rft.pubdate=2020&vid=32CEU_VU1&institution=32CEU&url_ctx_val=&isSerivcesPage=true&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.genre=book&ctx_enc=info:ofi%2Fenc:UTF-8&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid%2Fprimo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo4-book-cLinker&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:book&isCitationLinker=Y&rft.date=&rft.btitle=The%20Syrian%20war%20:%20between%20justice%20and%20political%20reality&rft.volume=&rft.part=&rft.isbn=9781108487801&rft.aulast=Moodrick-Even%20Khen&rft.aufirst=Hilly&rft.auinit=&rft.publisher=Cambridge%20University%20Press&rft.pubdate=2020&vid=32CEU_VU1&institution=32CEU&url_ctx_val=&isSerivcesPage=true&lang=en_US



Syrie : anatomie d’une guerre civile Gilles Dorronsoro ; Adam Baczko ; Arthur Quesnay Paris : CNRS Éditions, 2020 Request via Eureka "Quels sont les effets de la guerre sur la société syrienne ? Quelles nouvelles hiérarchies communautaires et sociales résultent de la violence généralisée ? Comment les trajectoires sociales des Syriens pris dans la guerre sont-elles affectées ? Comment se structure l'économie de guerre alors que le pays est divisé entre le régime, l'insurrection, le PKK et l'Etat islamique ? Un livre unique qui combine une recherche de terrain - rare sur le conflit syrien - et une réflexion pionnière sur l'émergence de l'Etat islamique."

Syria : stabilization stabilizes Jamil Effarah AuthorHouse, 2020 Request via Eureka "It would be sad to think that US greatness depends on constant intervention and war in the name of the global order. And now after some eight years of civil conflict, the situation in Syria is basically reverting to the pre-conflict norm. The Syrian government is now close to re-establishing its sovereign control again over the entire country. Indeed, Syria's sovereign control over its own country had been nearly completed despite the blocking efforts of many external efforts from the US, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey."

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.genre=book&ctx_enc=info:ofi%2Fenc:UTF-8&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid%2Fprimo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo4-book-cLinker&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:book&isCitationLinker=Y&rft.date=&rft.btitle=Syrie%20:%20anatomie%20d%E2%80%99une%20guerre%20civile&rft.volume=&rft.part=&rft.isbn=9782271091666&rft.aulast=Dorronsoro&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rft.auinit=&rft.publisher=CNRS%20%C3%89ditions&rft.pubdate=2020&vid=32CEU_VU1&institution=32CEU&url_ctx_val=&isSerivcesPage=true&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.genre=book&ctx_enc=info:ofi%2Fenc:UTF-8&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid%2Fprimo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo4-book-cLinker&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:book&isCitationLinker=Y&rft.date=&rft.btitle=Syria%20:%20stabilization%20stabilizes&rft.volume=&rft.part=&rft.isbn=9781728337623&rft.aulast=Effarah&rft.aufirst=Jamil&rft.auinit=&rft.publisher=AuthorHouse&rft.pubdate=2020&vid=32CEU_VU1&institution=32CEU&url_ctx_val=&isSerivcesPage=true&lang=en_US



The war for Syria : regional and international dimensions of the Syrian uprising Raymond A. Hinnebusch ; Adham Saouli (eds) London : Routledge, 2019 Request via Eureka "The book examines the impact of global and regional powers in propelling the conflict in Syria; looks at the motives and strategies of the key regional and international actors (Hizbollah, Palestinians, Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, US, Russia, EU); and analyses the impact of the Syrian conflict on key relations between regional states (Turkey-Syria, Turkey-Iran, Iraq-Syria). Finally, several chapters treat the impact on Syria of international sanctions and the "Responsibility to Protect" doctrine."

The Syrian conflict : the role of Russia, Iran and the US in a global crisis Ghaidaa Hetou London : Routledge, 2019 Request via Ebook Central "This book explores the global impact of the Syrian conflict, and the roles of Russia, Iran and the US in its wake. It looks closely at origins of political turmoil in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region by analysing the growing influence of Russia and Iran – militarily, economically and diplomatically – juxtaposed against US defense and national interests."

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.genre=book&ctx_enc=info:ofi%2Fenc:UTF-8&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid%2Fprimo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo4-book-cLinker&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:book&isCitationLinker=Y&rft.date=&rft.btitle=The%20war%20for%20Syria%20:%20regional%20and%20international%20dimensions%20of%20the%20Syrian%20uprising&rft.volume=&rft.part=&rft.isbn=9780367193713&rft.aulast=Hinnebusch&rft.aufirst=Raymond%20A.&rft.auinit=&rft.publisher=Routledge&rft.pubdate=2019&vid=32CEU_VU1&institution=32CEU&url_ctx_val=&isSerivcesPage=true&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.genre=book&ctx_enc=info:ofi%2Fenc:UTF-8&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid%2Fprimo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo4-book-cLinker&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:book&isCitationLinker=Y&rft.date=&rft.btitle=The%20war%20for%20Syria%20:%20regional%20and%20international%20dimensions%20of%20the%20Syrian%20uprising&rft.volume=&rft.part=&rft.isbn=9780367193713&rft.aulast=Hinnebusch&rft.aufirst=Raymond%20A.&rft.auinit=&rft.publisher=Routledge&rft.pubdate=2019&vid=32CEU_VU1&institution=32CEU&url_ctx_val=&isSerivcesPage=true&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.genre=book&ctx_enc=info:ofi%2Fenc:UTF-8&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&url_ctx_fmt=infofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid%2Fprimo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo4-book-cLinker&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi%2Ffmt:kev:mtx:book&isCitationLinker=Y&rft.date=&rft.btitle=The%20war%20for%20Syria%20:%20regional%20and%20international%20dimensions%20of%20the%20Syrian%20uprising&rft.volume=&rft.part=&rft.isbn=9780367193713&rft.aulast=Hinnebusch&rft.aufirst=Raymond%20A.&rft.auinit=&rft.publisher=Routledge&rft.pubdate=2019&vid=32CEU_VU1&institution=32CEU&url_ctx_val=&isSerivcesPage=true&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5132998190004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5132998190004371



The mobility of displaced Syrians : an economic and social analysis World Bank Washington : World Bank, 2019 Available online "The current state of affairs in Syria, and the uncertainty regarding its future, raise numerous questions for scholars and practitioners of both international law and politics about justice within the context of a changing political reality in Syria. This book is divided into three sections: Part I sets the factual and legal framework for the Syrian conflict; Part II focuses on the implications of the conflict for the Syrian neighbourhood; and Part III analyses possible post-conflict scenarios."

The Syrian uprising : domestic origins and early trajectory Raymond Hinnebusch London : Routledge, 2018 Request via Ebook Central "This book presents a snapshot of how the Uprising developed in roughly the first two to three years (2011–2013) and addresses key questions regarding the domestic origins of the Uprising and its early trajectory. Firstly, what were the causes of the conflict, both in terms of structure (contradictions and crisis within the pre-Uprising order) and agency (choices of the actors)? Why did the Uprising not lead to democratization and instead descend into violent civil war with a sectarian dimension?"

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5142465330004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5142465330004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5132239210004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5132239210004371



No turning back : life, loss and hope in wartime Syria Rania Abouzeid London : Oneworld , 2018 Available at Council Library - Main Collection (105493) "Taking readers deep into Assad's prisons, to clandestine meetings and to the highest levels of Islamic militancy, the author dissects the tangle of ideologies and allegiances that make up the Syrian conflict, and lays bare the tragedy of the Syrian War through the stories of those seeking safety and freedom in a shattered country. Based on more than five years of frontline reporting, the book is an utterly engrossing human drama that shows how hope can flourish even amid one of the twenty-first century's greatest humanitarian disasters."

Sortir du chaos : les crises en Méditerranée et au Moyen-Orient Gilles Kepel Paris : Gallimard, 2018 Available at Council Library - Main Collection (105398) "L’horreur du «califat » de Daesh au Levant entre 2014 et 2017 et son terrorisme planétaire ont été une conséquence paradoxale des «printemps arabes» de 2011. Ce livre replace les événements en contexte, depuis la guerre d’octobre 1973 (du «Kippour» ou du «Ramadan»), suivie de l’explosion des prix du pétrole et de la prolifération du jihad, à travers ses trois grandes phases depuis l’Afghanistan et Al-Qaïda. Puis il propose le premier récit complet rétrospectif des six principaux soulèvements arabes, de la Tunisie à la Syrie."

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA2128869730004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA2128869730004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA2128699710004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA2128699710004371



The impossible revolution : making sense of the Syrian tragedy Yassin al-Haj Saleh London : Hurst & Co., 2017 Request via Ebook Central "The Impossible Revolution describes with precision and fervour the events that led to Syria’s 2011 uprising, the metamorphosis of the popular revolution into a regional war, and the ‘three monsters’ Saleh sees ‘treading on Syria’s corpse’: the Assad regime and its allies, ISIS and other jihadists, and Russia and the US. Where conventional wisdom has it that Assad’s army is now battling religious fanatics for control of the country, Saleh argues that the emancipatory, democratic mass movement that ignited the revolution still exists."

Comparative regional protection frameworks for refugees Susan Kneebone (ed.) London : Routledge, 2017 Available at Legal Library - Main Collection (SJUR DPE 104657) "This book considers how recent crises in refugee protection (such as the Syrian and Andaman Sea crises) have highlighted the strengths and limits of regional approaches to refugee protection. It compares the norms of refugee protection that have evolved in three regions: the EU, Latin America and the South East Asian region, to identify which norms of refugee protection have been ‘internalised’ in the three regional contexts and to contextualise the processes. The authors demonstrate the need for awareness of the roles of different norm ‘entrepreneurs’ such as states, international organisations and civil society, in developing and promoting basic norms on refugee protection."

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/r43t4i/32CEU_ALMA5133101940004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/r43t4i/32CEU_ALMA5133101940004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA2116522630004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA2116522630004371



Forcibly displaced : toward a development approach supporting refugees, the internally displaced, and their hosts World Bank Washington : World Bank, 2017 Available online "The Syrian refugee crisis has galvanized attention to one of the world’s foremost challenges: forced displacement. The total number of refugees and internally displaced persons, now at over 65 million, continues to grow as violent conflict spikes. This report attempts to sort fact from fiction to better understand the scope of the challenge and encourage new thinking from a socioeconomic perspective. The report depicts the reality of forced displacement as a developing world crisis with implications for sustainable growth."

The welfare of Syrian refugees : evidence from Jordan and Lebanon World Bank Washington : World Bank, 2016 Available online "The book focuses on the largest refugee crisis of our time: the Syrian refugee crisis. It exploits a wealth of survey and registry data on Syrian refugees living in Jordan and Lebanon to assess their poverty and vulnerability status, understand the predictors of these statuses, evaluate the performance of existing policies toward refugees, and determine the potential for alternative policies. In the absence of humanitarian assistance, poverty is extremely high among refugees. Current policies including cash transfers and food vouchers are effective in reducing poverty but they remain short of providing economic inclusion and self-reliance of refugees."

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_worldbank_openknowledgerepository_oai_openknowledge_worldbank_org_10986_25016https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_worldbank_openknowledgerepository_oai_openknowledge_worldbank_org_10986_25016https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_worldbank_openknowledgerepository_oai_openknowledge_worldbank_org_10986_25016https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_worldbank_openknowledgerepository_oai_openknowledge_worldbank_org_10986_23228https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_worldbank_openknowledgerepository_oai_openknowledge_worldbank_org_10986_23228



Out of nowhere : the Kurds of Syria in peace and war Michael M. Gunter London : Hurst, 2014 Available at Council Library - Main Collection (102842) "In mid-2012 the previously almost forgotten Syrian Kurds suddenly emerged as a potential game-changer in the country’s civil war when in an attempt to consolidate its increasingly desperate position the Assad government abruptly withdrew its troops from the major Kurdish areas in Syria."

Spillover from the conflict in Syria : an assessment of the factors that aid and impede the spread of violence William Young ; David Stebbins ; Bryan Frederick ; Omar Al-Shahery Santa Monica : RAND, 2014 Available online "The financial and military aid flowing into Syria from patrons and neighbours is intended to determine the outcome of the conflict between a loose confederation of rebel factions and the regime in Damascus. Instead, this outside support has the potential to perpetuate the existing civil war and to ignite larger regional hostilities between Sunni and Shia areas that could reshape the political geography of the Middle East. This report examines the main factors that are likely to contribute to or impede the spread of violence from civil war and insurgency in Syria, and then examines how they apply to Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq, and Jordan."

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA2117631150004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA2117631150004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118647600004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118647600004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118647600004371



ARTICLES, REPORTS AND THINK-TANK PAPERS All articles are availble online (the titles include hyperlinks to full text). Resources not held by the Council Library can be request on interlibrary loan: Request via Eureka Responding to health needs of women, children and adolescents within Syria during conflict: intervention coverage, challenges and adaptations chemical warfare Chaza Akik ; Aline Semaan ; Linda Shaker-Berbari et al. Conflict and health, 2020-12, Vol. 14(1), pp. 1-19 Online access Since 2011, the protracted Syrian crisis has fragmented the pre-existing healthcare system. Despite the massive health needs of women and children, the delivery of key reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and nutrition (RMNCAH&N) interventions, and its underlying factors are not well-understood in Syria. Our objective was to document intervention coverage indicators and their implementation challenges inside Syria during conflict. Elections in wartime : the Syrian People’s Council (2016-2020) Ziad Awad ; Agnès Favier European University Institute, 2020 Online access The composition of the Syrian People’s Council elected in April 2016 reveals how the regime attempted to renew its social base, which is assumed to have shrunk during the first years of the conflict. On the basis of data collected between November 2019 and March 2020 focused on the identity of the MPs elected in 2016, this study first demonstrates that the distribution of seats by political affiliation (Baath party, other parties from the National Progressive Front and independents) did not change fundamentally during the war. However, the study shows that the traditional categories which were usually represented in the People’s Council before the war saw a significant renewal of their representatives. Hope springs eternal : EU options for dealing with the Assad regime Erwin van Veen ; Olivia Macharis Clingendael Netherlands Institute of International Relations, 2020 Online access A re-orientation of EU policy towards the Assad regime is a matter of time, since the EU will face growing pressures to upgrade its current minimalist and largely ineffective approach. A strategy to contain the broader fallout of the Syrian civil war should be enacted with urgency. This is likely to be the most effective choice out of the range of policy options assessed in this policy brief.

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/citationlinker?vid=32CEU_VU1&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_fae908b111394cca856f2ba680bbee71https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_fae908b111394cca856f2ba680bbee71https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_oxford10.1093/jcsl/kry005&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_oxford10.1093/jcsl/kry005&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_oxford10.1093/jcsl/kry005&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_oxford10.1093/jcsl/kry005&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/66949/RPR_2020_07.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yhttps://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/66949/RPR_2020_07.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5142909280004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5142909280004371



Syrer, Quo Vadis? : zur Zukunft der syrischen Flüchtlinge in der Türkei Walter Glos ; Friedrich Püttmann Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2020 Online access To date, more than 3.6 million Syrian refugees have come to or were born in Turkey. The situation in the home country remains unacceptable and Turkey has already become a (new) home for many Syrian children. At the same time, social acceptance in Turkey towards Syrian refugees has also dropped dramatically. Their return has become a topic of the election campaign and Turkey's planned security zone in northern Syria should enable up to 2 million of them to leave the country again soon. What caused this development? And what political positions are there to consider? Civilian power Europe’ and the Syrian conflict Stelios Stavridis ; Radka Havlová European Foreign Affairs Review, 2019-01-01, Vol. 24(4), pp. 469-490 Online access Although an easy way to dismiss the existing ample critique of the role of the European Union (EU) institutions and its Member States in that conflict would be to argue that it focuses of the conflict, this article will present an analysis of why adopting the concept of 'civilian power Europe' (CPE) will show that the way the EU has reacted to this conflict to date in Syria offers a more accurate description. Overcoming Russian and Chinese vetoes on Syria through uniting for peace Yasmine Nahlawi Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 2019-04-01, Vol. 24(1), pp. 111-143 Online access This article undertakes a critical legal examination of the ‘Uniting for Peace’ (UforP) mechanism as a means of overcoming UN Security Council (UNSC) deadlock in mass atrocity situations following the exercise of an abusive veto. The article first provides an overview of UforP, analysing how its provisions reconcile with the UN Charter and wider international law, most particularly the emerging ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P) doctrine. It then considers whether and how this mechanism could have been applied in the Syrian context, a compelling R2P case that has largely been met with international paralysis as a result of 12 vetoes exercised thus far by Russia and/or China. Uniting for peace not aggression : responding to chemical weapons in Syria without breaking the law Rebecca Barber Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 2019-04-01, Vol. 24(1), pp. 71-110 Online access

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5142018320004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5142018320004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_kluwer_law_EERR2019038https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_oxford10.1093/jcsl/kry005&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_gale_infotracacademiconefile_A602628726https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_gale_infotracacademiconefile_A602628726https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_oxford10.1093/jcsl/kry005&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_gale_infotracacademiconefile_A602627977https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_gale_infotracacademiconefile_A602627977https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_oxford10.1093/jcsl/kry005&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US



This article describes the chemical weapons attack in Syria in April 2018, the retaliatory strikes, and the justifications and reactions that followed. It then describes the applicable legal framework (the UN Charter, humanitarian intervention, the responsibility to protect and the Chemical Weapons Convention), and the normative implications of the strikes. It is argued that international law recognises neither a right of humanitarian intervention nor a right to use force to prevent the use of chemical weapons. Reinventing state : health governance in Syrian opposition-held areas Zedoun Alzoubi ; Khaled Iyad ; Mamoun Othman et al. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Friedrich Ebert Foundation) / Midmar, 2019 Online access This research focuses on governance within the health sector in opposition-held areas to draw a comprehensive overview of the emerging experience of the health sector’s governance and study whether the resilience of bottom-up service delivery in the health sector can provide the impetus for a state-building project that can codify institutional structures and ensure their accountability in the future. Ways out of Europe’s Syria reconstruction conundrum International Crisis Group, 2019 Online access During eight years of war, more than a third of Syria’s infrastructure has been destroyed or damaged. But while the conflict has started to wind down, reconstruction funds are unlikely to flow anytime soon. The EU and its member states have declared they will not bankroll reconstruction unless they see a political transition “firmly underway”. This position, along with US and EU sanctions on Syria, prevents major Western investments in Syria’s recovery. Trump’s Syria shambles Max Hoffman Center for American Progress, 2019 Online access This issue brief provides background information on the American withdrawal from Syria in October and the subsequent Turkish incursion. It considers the risks of long-term instability caused by these events, and outlines steps the US could take to salvage what it can from the situation and begin to reset its increasingly adversarial relationship with Turkey. Turkey's offensive in Northeastern Syria : the expected, the surprising, and the still unknown Gallia Lindenstrauss ; Eldad Shavit The Institute for National Security Studies, 2019

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttp://www.fes.de/cgi-bin/gbv.cgi?id=15765&ty=pdfhttp://www.fes.de/cgi-bin/gbv.cgi?id=15765&ty=pdfhttps://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/209-syria-reconstruction_1.pdfhttps://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/209-syria-reconstruction_1.pdfhttps://cdn.americanprogress.org/content/uploads/2019/10/24100951/TurkeySyria-brief-3.pdfhttps://cdn.americanprogress.org/content/uploads/2019/10/24100951/TurkeySyria-brief-3.pdfhttps://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/No.-1217.pdfhttps://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/No.-1217.pdfhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5128189660004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US



Online access The Turkish military offensive in northeastern Syria that began in October is the third offensive carried out by Turkey in northern Syria and its most ambitious action in Syria to date, as well as the one that has elicited the most international censure. The developments that led to this offensive and its outcomes have regional and international significance that go well beyond the specific campaign. The situation and prospects of Christians in North and North-East Syria Otmar Oehring Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2019 Online access A resolution of the Syria conflict is not in sight, even though the Assad regime now controls over half the country. The Islamic State is considered to be largely defeated. The population has dropped by around 21% since 2010 and the Christian share by up to 78 %. This paper looks at the current experience of Christians in North and North-East Syria. Rebuilding Syria : the Middle East´s next power game? Eugenio Dacrema ; Valeria Talbot (eds) Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, 2019 Online access Over the last eight years the Syrian conflict has developed into one of the worst humanitarian tragedies of modern times. This report aims to answer a few crucial questions and to provide the reader with key tools to understand where Syria is headed and what can be done to avoid the worst scenarios. Principled aid in Syria : a framework for international agencies Haid Haid Chatham House – The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2019 Online access Throughout the conflict in Syria, the government has severely restricted how and where aid is delivered for military or political purposes. This paper offers a new framework for international humanitarian organizations and UN agencies to provide assistance to those in need. Turkey in Northwestern Syria : Rebuilding empire at the margins Erwin van Veen ; Jan van Leeuwen Clingendael Netherlands Institute of International Relations, 2019 Online access

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://www.kas.de/documents/252038/4521287/The+Situation+and+Prospects+of+Christians+in+North+and+North-East+Syria.pdf/b2a2e1b4-2427-10d4-a9a2-d0eb2bd578e9?version=1.0&t=1569924961335https://www.kas.de/documents/252038/4521287/The+Situation+and+Prospects+of+Christians+in+North+and+North-East+Syria.pdf/b2a2e1b4-2427-10d4-a9a2-d0eb2bd578e9?version=1.0&t=1569924961335https://www.ispionline.it/sites/default/files/pubblicazioni/ispi_report_rebuilding_syria_2019_0.pdfhttps://www.ispionline.it/sites/default/files/pubblicazioni/ispi_report_rebuilding_syria_2019_0.pdfhttps://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2019-07-04-PrincipledAidSyria.pdfhttps://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2019-07-04-PrincipledAidSyria.pdfhttps://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2019-06/PB_Turkey_in_Northwestern_Syria_June_2019.pdfhttps://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2019-06/PB_Turkey_in_Northwestern_Syria_June_2019.pdf



This policy brief analyses the official discourse and actual practices of Turkish control and reconstruction in northwestern Syria. It finds that Turkey pursues a strategy that seeks to achieve control and influence through a mix of military occupation and full-scale reconstruction based on the logic of Turkification and the deployment abroad of the domestic apparatus of the Turkish state. The main objective of this strategy is to contain and undo the politico-territorial gains of the Syrian Kurds. In the process, Turkey largely bypasses the Syrian national coalition. From cold war to civil war : 75 years of Russian-Syrian relations Aron Lund Utrikespolitiska Institutet (Swedish Institute of International Affairs), 2019 Online access The Russian-Syrian relationship turns 75 in 2019. The Soviet Union had already emerged as Syria’s main military backer in the 1950s, and it maintained a close if sometimes tense partnership with President Hafez al-Assad. However, ties loosened fast once the Cold War ended. This paper seeks to focus on the Russian-Syrian relationship through a largely chronological description of its evolution up to the present day, with additional thematically organised material on Russia’s current role in Syria. Can Assad win the peace? Nour Samaha European Council on Foreign Relations, 2019 Online access As Syria transitions into a post-conflict phase, sanctions have led to increasingly drastic shortages of fuel and electricity, disrupting the supply of essential goods. The West’s expectation that an economic war will eventually force the regime to acquiesce to its demands is shortsighted and counterproductive. This paper concludes that the EU should acknowledge that its current approach has little chance of forcing Damascus into political concessions as it stands, and that the EU should seek ways to help Syrians rebuild their lives in a manner that slowly loosens the regime’s hold on Syria and reduces the influence of Russia and Iran. Russia and Iran : economic influence in Syria Sinan Hatahet Chatham House – The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2019 Online access Russia and Iran are the most influential external powers supporting the Assad regime. However, Russia and Iran are engaged in competition over access to the Syrian economy, with a particular focus on opportunities to obtain reconstruction contracts. Assad constantly seeks to enlarge his own margin for manoeuvre by manipulating the interests of his allies. US and EU economic sanctions on key sectors of the Syrian economy and individuals have impeded the regime’s capacity to initiate and push the reconstruction

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://www.ui.se/globalassets/ui.se-eng/publications/ui-publications/2019/ui-paper-no.-7-2019.pdfhttps://www.ui.se/globalassets/ui.se-eng/publications/ui-publications/2019/ui-paper-no.-7-2019.pdfhttps://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/can_assad_win_the_peace_syria.pdfhttps://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/can_assad_win_the_peace_syria.pdfhttps://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/publications/research/2019-03-08RussiaAndIranEconomicInfluenceInSyria.pdfhttps://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/publications/research/2019-03-08RussiaAndIranEconomicInfluenceInSyria.pdf



phase of its recovery. However, they can only be truly effective as part of a comprehensive framework to assist Syria in a meaningful and credible political transition. The Netanyahu-Putin meeting : what was agreed, and what are Russia's intentions? Amos Yadlin ; Zvi Magen Institute for National Security Studies, 2019 Online access The article explores the four most important questions that concern Israel’s relations with Russia regarding Syria and the Iranian presence there and offers two possibilities on why they remain unanswered. One is that there is a change underway in Russia, which is tired of its intervention in Syria. The second possibility is that Russia's interests in Syria are long term and do not take Israeli interests into account, and this poses a dangerous scenario for Israel. The displacement dilemma : should Europe help Syrian refugees return home? Jasmine El-Gamal European Council on Foreign Relations, 2019 Online access European governments face the challenge of when and how to protect those who fled the conflict in Syria and now wish to return home. Arguing that the EU should adopt a more humanitarian focused policy that seeks to improve the living conditions of voluntarily returning refugees, this policy brief focuses on how Europe could seek to deploy its leverage to help refugees in Lebanon and Jordan who wish to return home. Drawing on multiple interviews, it examines how this can be achieved in line with the “comprehensive protection and solutions strategy” devised by the UNHCR. Nowhere to hide : the logic of chemical weapons use in Syria Tobias Schneider ; Theresa Lütkefend Global Public Policy Institute, 2019 Online access This study shows that the Assad regime did not merely “get away” with its use of these banned weapons, but succeeded in using them for strategic ends. More than two-thirds of Syria’s population are internally or externally displaced, and opposition-held communities have been buckling and surrendering under the cumulative weight – and eventually the mere threat – of violence, including the use of chemical weapons. France’s role in Syrian reconstruction, and the implications for Israel Margaux Nijkerk Institute for National Security Studies, 2019

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/No.-1149.pdfhttps://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/No.-1149.pdfhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5128189660004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/the_displacement_dilemma_should_europe_help_syrian_refugees_return_home.pdfhttps://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/the_displacement_dilemma_should_europe_help_syrian_refugees_return_home.pdfhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5128189660004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://www.gppi.net/media/GPPi_Schneider_Luetkefend_2019_Nowhere_to_Hide_Web.pdfhttps://www.gppi.net/media/GPPi_Schneider_Luetkefend_2019_Nowhere_to_Hide_Web.pdfhttp://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/nijkerk.pdfhttp://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/nijkerk.pdf



Online access The French strategic interest in Syria spans decades, and since the outbreak of the civil war and the rise of the Islamic State, France has paid renewed attention to Syria. France has now the largest Western military presence in Syria and is one of the leading providers of humanitarian aid. With the end of the war in sight, France also needs to evaluate how it can play a role in Syrian reconstruction. Trump’s missile strike on Syria and the legality of using force to deter chemical warfare Anders Henriksen Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 2018, Vol. 23(1), pp. 33-48 Online access The article discusses the legality of the American missile strike on Syria on 6 April 2017, that was initiated in response to the Assad regime’s alleged (repeated) use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war. Benefits of a legally non-binding agreement : the case of the 2013 US- Russian agreement on the elimination of Syrian chemical weapons Mika Hayashi International Community Law Review, April 2018, Vol. 20(2), pp. 252-277 Online access The deal struck between the United States and Russia in September 2013, the 'Framework for Elimination of Syrian Chemical Weapons,' amounts to a legally non-binding agreement, and not a treaty. The objective of this agreement - namely, that of averting the pending crisis in Syria at that time - highlights what a non-binding agreement, as opposed to a treaty, can do. The impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on firm entry and performance in Turkey Yusuf Emre Akgündüz ; Marcel Van Den Berg ; Wolter Hassink The World Bank Economic Review, 2018, Vol. 32(1), pp. 19-40 Online access The authors analyse how the Syrian refugee inflows into Turkey affected firm entry and performance. To estimate the causal effects, they use instrumental variables, differencein-differences, and synthetic control methodologies. The results suggest that hosting refugees is favourable for firms. Total firm entry does not seem to be significantly affected. However, there is a substantial increase in the number of new foreign-owned firms. In line with the increase in new foreign-owned firms, there is some indication of growth in gross profits and net sales.

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1093_jcsl_kry005https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1093_jcsl_kry005https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_oxford10.1093/jcsl/kry005&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_oxford10.1093/jcsl/kry005&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1163_18719732_12341375https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1163_18719732_12341375https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1163_18719732_12341375https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1163_18719732_12341375https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_brill_s10_1163_18719732_12341375&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_brill_s10_1163_18719732_12341375&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_brill_s10_1163_18719732_12341375&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1093_wber_lhx021https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1093_wber_lhx021https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_oxford10.1093/wber/lhx021&context=PC&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US



The reconstruction of Syria Salam Said ; Jihad Yazigi Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung, 2018 Online access Post-conflict reconstruction is an extremely complex and multi-layered process. It entails political stabilisation, economic recovery and social reconciliation in addition to the rebuilding of state institutions and the rehabilitation of the military. Reconstruction can, however, be an opportunity to create a better and more stable future rather than just building back or reproducing the pre-war economic, socio-political and institutional conditions, which often are key contributing causes of the conflict. Moscow’s Syria campaign : Russian lessons for the art of strategy Dima Adamsky Institut français des relations internationales, 2018 Online access The Syrian experience has had major repercussions on Russian strategic thinking and operative art. How did "Russian strategic art" manifest during the conflict in Syria? How did Moscow design its campaign and then evaluate its operational efficiency in relation to the objectives set? What lessons has the Russian strategic community learned, and how will these lessons influence the Kremlin's approach in the future? How to combat the causes of refugee flows : the EU-Jordan compact in practice Manuel Schubert ; Imke Haase Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2018 Online access The 2016 Supporting Syria and the Region Conference in London heralded a decisive paradigm shift in European development cooperation in the midst of the Syrian refugee crisis. In the process, not only were new sources of finance mobilised, but development policy focus was also shifted to long-term strengthening of initial host country resilience. In light of the EU-Jordan Compact, this article shows the extent to which the promising approach of a Compact has proven itself in practice. Writing atrocities : Syrian civil society and transitional justice Noha Aboueldahab Brookings Institution, 2018 Online access Through documentation, Syrian civil society actors are transforming the role of transitional justice in ongoing conflict by reclaiming the centrality of victims in justice processes. This paper argues that in raging conflicts such as in Syria, the documentation of violations

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttp://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/14939.pdfhttp://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/14939.pdfhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5128369700004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5125458770004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5125458770004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5125458770004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5125458770004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5125458770004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5125458770004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5125458770004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5125458770004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5125458770004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5124767120004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5124767120004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5124767120004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US



should be considered as a mechanism of transitional justice in its own right, rather than merely as a stepping stone toward the implementation of justice measures. Mission impossible? : UN mediation in Libya, Syria and Yemen Muriel Asseburg ; Wolfram Lacher ; Mareike Transfeld Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2018 Online access The upheavals in the Arab world since 2011 have led to civil wars in three countries: Libya, Syria and Yemen. In all three cases, the UN seeks to mediate agreements between the conflicting parties aimed at pacification through power-sharing. In doing so, the UN can point to its established leadership role in mediation efforts aimed at ending civil wars. Russia and Turkey in the Black Sea and the South Caucasus International Crisis Group, 2018 Online access Russia and Turkey have repaired relations that nearly collapsed after Turkish fighter jets shot down a Russian warplane near the Syria-Turkey border in 2015. Russia has since lifted most of the sanctions it had imposed on Turkey. But Russia-Turkey rivalry is still all too evident in regions sandwiched between the two countries – the Black Sea and South Caucasus. The Kurds in Iraq and Syria after the end of the territorial rule of the "Islamic State" : the limits of Kurdish politics Günter Seufert Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2018 Online access This paper takes a critical look at the historical, economic and political parameters of the action and decision-making of Kurdish players. The authors analyse the reasons for the political failure of the referendum for independence of the Iraqi Kurds of 2017, the relationship between the two largest Kurdish parties of the Middle East, and the balance of power among the Kurds of Syria. Syrie : en finir avec une guerre sans fin Michel Duclos Institut Montaigne. 2017 Online access Given the current state of play in Syria and the positions taken by Russian and the US, one can still wonder whether the current circumstances are opening up a window of opportunity for a political settlement. The aim of this paper is to provide answers to this question by outlining an analytic reading of the conflict six years after it started (I), before

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5128369830004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5128369830004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5128189660004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5128189660004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5128369790004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5128369790004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5128369790004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118389950004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&lang=en_US&search_scope=default_scope&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=default_tab&query=any,contains,syri*&sortby=rank&facet=lang,include,fre&offset=0https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118389950004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&lang=en_US&search_scope=default_scope&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=default_tab&query=any,contains,syri*&sortby=rank&facet=lang,include,fre&offset=0https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118389950004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118389950004371



recalling the nature of the Syrian regime (II), evaluating the current situation (III), and setting out proposals of action, mainly for Europe and France (IV). Examination of the 'Assad must go' doctrine Themistoklis Tzimas International Community Law Review, September 2017, Vol.19(4-5), pp. 485-517 Online access The internal conflict in Syria and the legal imperatives of the 'Assad must go' doctrine have brought to the fore the issue of government legitimacy. This article examines the 'delegitimisation/legitimisation process', meaning the denial of the legitimacy of a government from the perspective of the international community, in favor of the attribution of legitimacy to another entity. Syrie : la stratégie de la destruction Leila Vignal La Vie des Idées, 2016 Online access For five years now, the Syrian population has been the subject of intense repression by a regime that applies a massive destruction policy, forcing more than half of the Syrians to leave their homes and seriously threatening the future of a country emptied of its forces. The paper analyses how this massive destruction policy is at the core of the Syrian regime's military strategy, leading to a fragmented territory, spatially and socially. Reconstruction in Syria will need a public solution, more than a simple military and temporary truth. Syrian refugees in Turkey : the long road ahead Ahmet İçduygu Migration Policy Institute, 2015 Online access Turkey hosts the largest community of Syrians displaced by the conflict. Turkish reception policies at the outset were predicated on the assumption that the conflict would come to a swift conclusion, but as conditions continue to deteriorate in Syria and the conflict stretches into its fifth year, it has become clear that a shift in policy to encompass longerterm solutions is needed. Peace in sight? : current developments in Syria Martin Pabst Hanns Seidel Stiftung, 2015 Online access

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/10spi91/TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1163_18719732_12340026https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118364650004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&lang=en_US&search_scope=default_scope&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=default_tab&query=any,contains,syri*&sortby=rank&facet=lang,include,fre&offset=0https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118364650004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&lang=en_US&search_scope=default_scope&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=default_tab&query=any,contains,syri*&sortby=rank&facet=lang,include,fre&offset=0https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118364650004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118072910004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118072910004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118189010004371



The paper is exploring current and ongoing development in the Syrian civil war and argues that the escalation of the war could accelerate the search for a compromise. The empowerment of IS and the increasing number of Syrian refugees in MENA and Europe are urging international actors for finding a solution. Furthermore, during this autumn Russia became one of the most prominent interlocutors in the Syrian framework. Who are they? : two profiles of Syrian refugees Patrycja Sasna Polish Institute of International Affairs, 2015 Online access Syrians constitute the biggest national group migrating to Europe in 2015, according to Frontex. Of all the social diversity within a single society, two generalised profiles of a Syrian refugee can be inferred from available information: a poorer, rural worker based in camps in Jordan, Turkey and Lebanon, and a richer, middle-class professional living outside of refugee camps, recently migrating to Europe via the Greece and Western Balkans route. From blame game to cooperation : EU-Turkey response to the Syrian refugee crisis Pinar Elman Polish Institute of International Affairs, 2015 Online access The authors analyse the recent events in Ukraine arguing that this is just the beginning. The disappearance of Ukraine as a sovereign entity would be a thunderclap in Europe as it would be very difficult to manage and might trigger a possibility of a long civil war. If Ukraine survives it will be with the Crimean region in the best case under the supervision of an international agreement, and in the worst under direct supervision of Moscow. Syrian refugees in Jordan confronting difficult truths Doris Carrion Chatham House, 2015 Online access Civil war in Syria has caused a refugee crisis not only in Europe but also in Jordan, raising the latter's population by at least 8%. This paper claims Jordan government and the international community should take difficult but necessary steps to prevent the crisis from making life worse for the country's most vulnerable residents as price hikes and strains on public services and public order have left local inhabitants feeling neglected by the Jordanian government and international donors. If current trends continue, resentment and alienation is likely to increase in the coming years with fearful consequences. Backbone of the Syrian revolt inclusion of rural Sunnis key for international efforts to end conflict

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118203570004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118203570004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118203570004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118203570004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118222890004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118222890004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118222890004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118222890004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118222890004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118222890004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118225640004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118194920004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118194920004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118194920004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US



Khaled Yacoub Oweis Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2015 Online access Syria's descent into civil war has thrust the country's rural Sunnis to the forefront. The countryside became the recruiting reservoir for rival jihadist factions after the demise of the Arab - and Western - backed Free Syrian Army. Divisions within the Syrian political opposition based in Istanbul also delayed the formation of a provisional government. Yet on the ground, the jihadists have largely failed at administering the areas they have captured. In the Author's view, the disenchantment with the militants and lack of appetite for a return to Assad's rule offers an opportunity to reactivate the dormant opposition government, which Germany initially backed but then let drift. Syrian diplomacy renewed : from Vienna to Raqqa Julien Barnes-Dacey ; Daniel Levy European Council on Foreign Relations, 2015 Online access The authors argue that the Vienna process should be the priority for EU governments and that an approach which over-emphasizes military action risks doing more harm than good. The authors assert that EU has been all too absent from high-level diplomatic engagement over Syria, allowing others to take the lead. But with the Syrian war and its resulting surge of refugees re-shaping politics across the continent there is too much at stake to remain bit-part players. They contend that EU governments can adopt an approach aimed at softening up allies for necessary pragmatism as opposed to indulging an unwillingness to compromise. The educational and mental health needs of Syrian refugee children Selcuk R. Sirin ; Lauren Rogers-Sirin Migration Policy Institute, 2015 Online access This report examines the experiences and resulting educational and mental health needs of Syrian children living as refugees, drawing on the results of a study conducted in the Islahiye camp in southeast Turkey, which assessed children's levels of trauma and mental health distress. It also reviews intervention programs in the Middle East, Europe, and the US, and offers recommendations for best practices to address the mental health of this vulnerable child population. Syrian refugee children will likely need ongoing, targeted support to bridge the gaps in their education, attain fluency in the host-country language, and deal with trauma and other mental health symptoms, the authors conclude. The European Union against a BRICS Wall? : the case of the Syrian crisis Mayya Romanova College of Europe, 2015

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118150390004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118150390004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118179940004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118173960004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118173960004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118173960004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118173960004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US



Online access This paper seeks to contribute to the debate on whether the BRICS are emerging into a coherent political bloc that can challenge the EU as a global actor. The Syrian crisis, which erupted in 2011 and is still ongoing, is chosen as a case study. In order to examine and compare the positions of the BRICS and the EU, the study conducts an analysis of their official foreign policy discourses and their voting patterns in the UN between March 2011 and March 2015. The analysis shows that while the BRICS have strongly opposed military intervention, their overall positions were not very cohesive. The main conclusion is that the BRICS have not (yet) developed into a bloc able to challenge the EU. The European asylum crisis : towards collective reception and fair quotas Jan Schneider ; Steffen Angenendt. Sachverständigenrat deutscher Stiftungen für Integration und Migration, 2015 Online access The increasing number of asylum applications necessitates joint European action to relieve pressure from the heavily affected Member States: refugees from crisis-torn countries like Syria, Eritrea and Somalia, whose citizens are frequently granted refugee status, could be directly admitted. In order to ensure a fair allocation of asylum-seekers, the EU would first have to agree on a proportional quota system. This paper refers back to a model for calculating reception quotas originally put forward in 2013, based on economic strength, population, size of territory and unemployment rate of Member States.

This selection of resources was compiled by the Library of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union for information only. The contents are the sole responsibility of their authors. Books linked from this review do not represent the positions, policies, or opinions of the Council of the European Union or the European Council. Reuse of the covers is prohibited, they belong to the respective copyrightholders.

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/https://twitter.com/hashtag/EUCOlibraryhttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118139070004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/1onr1f0/32CEU_ALMA5118139070004371https://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118139070004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_UShttps://consilium-eureka.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=32CEU_ALMA5118139070004371&context=L&vid=32CEU_VU1&search_scope=default_scope&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US

Supporting the future of Syria and the region

Date post:	01-Feb-2021
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	0 times
Download:	0 times

Supporting the future of Syria and the region · 2020. 6. 30. · The total number of refugees and...

Documents