Surah al Baqarah

Ayahs 83 – 91

RECAP AND OUTLINE

• Last 2 weeks, we finished half of Juz 1 Alhamdulillah

• Now, many commands for the Bani Israel and for us

• Ayahs 83-88• Roots, Translation, Tafseer• Reflections

AYAH 83

And [recall] when We took the covenant from the Children of Israel, [enjoining upon them], "Do not worship except Allah ; and to parents

do good and to relatives, orphans, and the needy. And speak to people good [words] and establish prayer and give zakah." Then you turned away, except a few of you, and you

were refusing.

We took the covenant

Do not worship except Allah

and to parents do good

and to relatives

and the orphans

and the needy

And speak to people good

and establish prayer

and give zakah

Then you turned away, except a few of you

and you were refusing

Rights of AllahRights of people

Meethaaq

• This is a covenant that lays responsibility; you’re binded

• This particular covenant joined the Bani Israel with 8 clauses

• A lot of similarities between these commands and with the ones we, as Muslims are given

Definition of Ibadah

Aain Baa Daal

Humility

Servitude

Roots

• Waaw Laam Daal – to give birth; to beget; over here, it refers to mother and father

• Haa Seen Noon – to beautify something/your actions; its not Adl, which is simply justice. Doing something good in return, when someone else does something bad to you

6ح4س2ان إ

Doing Good Generally

More than Other

Deserves

Good in return of Evil

IHSAN

How to do Ihsan?

Ways to do Ihsan

Through Speech

Tone

Words

Express

Through Actions

Help

Time

Du’a

Through Wealth

Needs

Gifts

م�ا م� م�ا ه� م� م م ب � ا م ه�ل م�ر�ا ب�ي م� ب�ي ميا � م م

and say, "My Lord, have mercy upon them as they brought me

up [when I was] small." [Bani Israel: 23-24]

Du’a for Parents

Opposite of Ihsaan

• Being rude, disrespectful to your parents• Person neither does ihsaan nor treats them

harshly• Being indifferent, not talking at all

• THIS IS ALSO NOT ALLOWED

RelativesQaaf Raaw Baa

By Blood By Marriage By Nursing

Those who are closest have the most right

ب1ى ر3 ال3ق5 و1ذ:ي

Close Relatives

• Principle: the one who is the closest, has the most right

• Sharing knowledge with your relatives• Visiting relatives; keeping in touch through

social media• Through wealth; giving gifts “just because” not

just for special occasions

ال3ي1ت1ام1ى و1

OrphanYaa Taa Meem

Not Reached Age of

Puberty

Father Passed Away

Taking Care of Orphans

• Responsibility of the Muslim community to give love to the orphans

• Dealing with them gently (they might be from war torn countries)

• Not oppressing the orphan• Protecting and taking care of the orphan’s

wealth

Needy

Can’t Fulfill their needs

Can’t Support themselves

MASAKEEN

نAا س3 ح5 ل:لنFاس: 3 ول5وا و1ق5

Beautiful Speech

Style Content

Rights of Allah and People

• Establish salaah• Give zakaah• Reaction of the people: the majority of the

people broke this promise and turned away • Aain Raaw Daawd: moving aside; turning

away; you don’t feel any regret when turning around and leaving

If we analyze ourselves in light of this ayah:

How many of us take care of all these commands?

LESSONS

• We know our parents have done huge favors for us, but we can never return the favors so just do extra good

• Parents do everything for their children out of happiness

• How about parents who were or are abusive? Exceptional cases; seek help but again can’t be abusive back to parents

AYAH 84

And [recall] when We took your covenant, [saying], "Do not shed each other's blood or evict one another from your homes." Then you acknowledged [this] while you

were witnessing.

Ayah 85

• Seen Faa Kaaf – they were forbidden to kill each other (it says “your” blood, because the blood of any other Muslim is like your own blood)

• Khaaw Raaw Jeem – to expel; deport; you’re not kicking yourself out of your home, but again, deporting another Muslim is like doing the same thing to yourself

Covenant

Acknowledgement

Testimony

Requirements of a Covenant

AYAH 85

Then, you are those [same ones who are] killing one another and evicting a party of your people from their

homes, cooperating against them in sin and aggression. And if they come to you as captives, you ransom them, although their eviction was forbidden to you. So do you believe in part of the Scripture and disbelieve in part? Then what is the recompense for those who do that

among you except disgrace in worldly life; and on the Day of Resurrection they will be sent back to the severest of punishment. And Allah is not unaware of what you do.

Roots

• Dhaaw Haa Raaw – to back up one another; you’re cooperating with the disbelievers to kill the believers

• Hamza Thaa Meem – the state of not being interested in doing good disobeying Allah SWT

• Aain Daal Waaw – enmity and oppression against the people and disobedience to Allah SWT

Context

• The defeated army used to be taken as prisoners, slaves or would be killed

• When they fought their own people (which they weren’t supposed to be in the first place because the Ummah is one) and then they took prisoners (not supposed to do that either) and then ransomed them

• Followed 1/3 of the commands selective interpretation

ONE

• Do not shed each other’s blood

TWO

• Do not evict each other from your homes

THREE

• Do not cooperate in sin & transgression

FOUR

• Give Ransom & Free the Captives

Clauses of the Covenant

Consequences • Jeem Zaai Hamza – recompense; what should

be the result for this crime except for Humiliation

• Humiliation in which a person’s faults are exposed

• Qaaf Waaw Meem – 1. the entire humanity will stand that day; 2. witnesses will stand; 3. justice will stand that day

• Also a severe punishment on the Day of Standing (Hell-fire)

Do I only implement those commands that are a means of

some personal benefit?OR Do I obey all of Allah’s

commands?

Does my heart accept the commands of Allah?

Lets Analyze!

Lessons

Shedding blood is a great crime near Allah.

To expel someone from their home is also forbidden

To oppress, to exult above another is also disliked.

To free the captives is a virtuous deed

Denying one part of Deen = Denying Entire Deen; the entire Book must be followed: Being a slave to your desires not Allah

All Our Deeds are Watched & Monitored all the Time

Lessons

AYAH 86

Those are the ones who have bought the life of this world [in exchange] for the Hereafter, so the punishment will

not be lightened for them, nor will they be aided.

Ayah 86

• Ishtarawu – preferring one over the other; when you buy a purse or hijaab, you are preferring that thing over your money

• Buying the life of this world, and paying the Hereafter for it

• Khaaw Faa Faa – to lighten the burden; tangible and intangible. The punishment will not be reduced in its intensity or harm

Ayah 86

• Noon Saawd Raaw – no one will be able to help on that Day

• People in the Hell fire will tell the Angels, tell your Lord to terminate us; the angel will say: “You will remain”

• This punishment isn’t for the disbelievers; its for those who follow some commands and

leave some commands

Don’t exchange Akhira for the glory, fame and praise

Love of this world doesn’t let us submit to all the commands

Disobeying Allah doesn’t get you what you want

Lessons

AYAH 87

And We did certainly give Moses the Torah and followed up after him with messengers. And We

gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs and supported him with the Pure Spirit. But is it [not]

that every time a messenger came to you, [O Children of Israel], with what your souls did not

desire, you were arrogant? And a party [of messengers] you denied and another party you

killed.

Ayah 87

• Qaaf Faa Waw – spine; to go behind someone; to follow someone; coming in succession with no gaps in the middle

• Sometimes more than one messenger at a time, so the Bani Israel were not just left with a book

• Isa A.S. – messenger and miracle in one; he was born without a father and last messenger sent to the Bani Israel

Ayah 87- Roots

• Baa Yaa Noon – clear speech; that which is clear in itself; something that is presented by its evidence – 1. Given the Injeel – 2. Given miracles – 3. Strengthened with the help of Jibreel A.S. (Ruh)

Ruh

• Raaw Waw Haa • 1. Ruh of Isa A.S., which was pure; inclined to

do good only • 2. Injeel – the scripture is called Ruh of the

deen • 3. Angel Jibreel – (strongest opinion) was

appointed to help Isa A.S. (Surah Nahr: 182)• Jibreel A.S. went everywhere with Isa A.S. because he was

facing a lot of opposition; helped him with arguments; lifted him to the heavens

2ات6 Mن 2ي 4ب ال

Life in Sculpted Birds

Cure Blind

Cure Leper

Life to Dead

Inform What

You Ate

Inform What You

Stored

Ruhil Qudus 6

Soul of

Essa

InjeelJibrael

Hawa

• Haa Waaw Yaa – empty desires; any teaching or message that you did not like; you became arrogant; wanted greatness for yourself

• Every time a messenger came to them they either: 1. called him a liar or 2. killed him

• You think that your personality and interests are higher than that of the messenger and what he brings

Do our desires match the desires of the Prophet SAW and what he

brought from Allah SWT?

AYAH 88

And they said, "Our hearts are wrapped." But, [in fact], Allah has cursed them for

their disbelief, so little is it that they believe.

When a person keeps rejecting, he decides that he doesn’t want to accept the truth, then he goes away

from the Mercy of Allah.

Hearts Wrapped

Gaain Laam Faa

Have Enough Knowledge

Don’t Understand

What do we say when someone tells

us a command of Allah and we don’t want to listen to it

or act upon it?

Curse of Allah

Far from Mercy of

Allah

Maa• So little is that which the believe…• Over here, the “maa” is extra to give the

statement emphasis:• 1. emphasizing the littleness of their belief• 2. very few of them believed • 3. believed in only a small portion of the Torah

(incomplete belief)• 4. indicates time; believed for a short time• 5. to imply nothing; they didn’t believe at all

And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary with clear proofs

and We did certainly give Moses the Book

and followed up after him with messengers

and another party you killed

But is it [not] that every time a messenger came to you with what

your souls did not desire

you were arrogant

And a party you

denied

And they said, "Our hearts are

wrapped."

The scholars of our time are like the messengers of previous

nations; look at Muslim history and see how many scholars Muslims

have killed

LESSONS

• Musa and Isa A.S. were messengers• The angels have been given different roles and

tasks; provide support to the believers • Some people don’t believe because it doesn’t

suit them; they present invalid excuses

REFLECTIONS

AYAH 89

And when there came to them a Book from Allah confirming that which was with them - although

before they used to pray for victory against those who disbelieved - but [then] when there came to

them that which they recognized, they disbelieved in it; so the curse of Allah will be upon

the disbelievers.

Faa Taa Haa – victory; judgment/decision; to open; it opens up the reality The Bani Israel were in conflict with the Arabs; they would pray to Allah, that send the messenger so we can be victorious, so Allah sent a messenger, but to the Bani Ismael (so he came from the Arabs)

Aain Raaw Faa – to recognize something; to know the specifics of something; they recognized the Qu’ran and Prophet SAW

The reality of Bani Israel is being opened. They waited

for the Messenger, they made du’a for his coming -

but when he came, they denied him

Why?

We make excuses by blaming circumstances, but when we get a chance, we still persist

in wrong...

What does it show?

Lets Analyze!

AYAH 90

How wretched is that for which they sold themselves - that they would disbelieve in what Allah has revealed through [their] outrage that

Allah would send down His favor upon whom He wills from among His servants. So they returned having [earned] wrath upon wrath. And for the

disbelievers is a humiliating punishment.

Ayah 90 Roots

• Bi’sama: • 1. how bad; reproach; negative side of

someone is being mentioned• 2. how evil is it to sell themselves; they sold

their hereafter by disbelieiving • Baa Ghaain Yaa – wish/desire; the blind

following of a desire, then transgressing bounds; used for rebellion

Ayah 90 (cont…)

• Faa Daawd Laam – extra favor; over here refers to prophet hood; Allah SWT chooses who to give extra fadl to

• Baa Waw Hamza – to draw something over yourself

• Consequences of not believing: Bani Israel drew upon them anger upon anger from Allah– Punishment from Allah and the people; ghadb for

one wrong action, and ghadb for another wrong action

Ayah 90• Haa Waaw Noon – light; does not deserve

attention; Muheen – one that brings humiliation upon the other

• The Bani Israel didn’t believe out of arrogance and thought that they wouldn’t be special anymore; therefore, punishment fits the crime

• Humiliating punishment– 1. Hell-fire– 2. Returned to the punishment again and again– 3. They will be rebuked

A persons arrogance hinders a person from accepting the truth.

Jealousy is also a means of preventing a person from the truth.

We should see what is being said not who is saying it.

Qur’an is Fadl of Allah

Lessons

AYAH 91

And when it is said to them, "Believe in what Allah has revealed," they say, "We believe [only] in what was revealed to us." And they disbelieve

in what came after it, while it is the truth confirming that which is with them. Say, "Then why did you kill the prophets of Allah before, if

you are [indeed] believers?"

Allah refutes them with proof

The Real Crime is to go against the truth.

To accept the truth is a great quality.

Lessons

REFLECTIONS

Surah al Baqarah

Lesson #15 Ayahs 92 – 101

Ayah 92

And Moses had certainly brought you clear proofs. Then you took the calf [in worship] after that,

while you were wrongdoers.

Clear Proof

s

Staff

Glowing Hand

Parting of Sea

Talking to

Allah

And Moses had certainly brought you clear proofs

Then you took the calf [in worship]

while you were wrongdoers

Shirk Zulm

Even after Clear Proofs

Worshipping the calf was done out of injustice, not ignorance

Muslims also have many “cows” or other things to which they ask for help

Just because you are born a believer, doesn’t mean you don’t have to follow it

up with actions

Lessons

Ayah 93

And [recall] when We took your covenant and raised over you the mount, [saying], "Take what

We have given you with determination and listen." They said [instead], "We hear and disobey." And their hearts absorbed [the

worship of] the calf because of their disbelief. Say, "How wretched is that which your faith

enjoins upon you, if you should be believers."

Ayah 93 Roots

• Seen Meem Aain – 1. Idraak: hear the words (perception of sound) and 2. Qubul: to accept and respond

• Aain Saawd Yaa – 1. to leave that which a person has been commanded and 2. Doing that which is forbidden – We have heard your commands with our ears but

we’re going to disobey with our actions

We Disobeye

d

Tongues Words

Hearts Actions

Ayah 93 - Roots• Sheen Raaw Baa – to drink; when you drink

something, it becomes a part of you• 1. the love of the calf became settled in their

hearts• 2. indicates the intensity or amount of an

emotion• 3. they were not going to leave the worship of

the calf• 4. the love of the calf intoxicated their heart

like alcohol

Might and Power of Allah

The one who sides with a Dhawlim is a dhawlim himself, even if he does not

commit the wrong.

Listening is the first step towards Amal

Every person has a false god - that prevents a person from the obedience of

Allah.

Lessons

What is my “COW”?Analyze!

Ayah 94

Say, [O Muhammad], "If the home of the Hereafter with Allah is for you alone and not the [other] people,

then wish for death, if you should be truthful.

"We are the children of Allāh and His beloved.“[Al Maida:18]

"None will enter Paradise except one who is a Jew or a Christian."

[Al Baqarah:111]

_"Never will the Fire touch us, except for a few

days.“[Al Baqarah:80]

Claims of Bani Israel

If you are truthful in your claims, then why

are you afraid of Death?

&Why don’t you wish to

die?

Allah’s Response

Ayah 95

But they will never wish for it, ever, because of what their hands have put forth. And Allah is Knowing of

the wrongdoers.

They didn’t want to diebecause of their wrong actions.

Ingratitude

Disobedience

Zulm

Denial

Shirk

Analyze!

Why do we fear death?

Is it because of our Amal?

If it is, then why don’t we change our Amal?

Ayah 96

And you will surely find them the most greedy of people for life - [even] more than those

who associate others with Allah . One of them wishes that he could be granted life a

thousand years, but it would not remove him in the least from the [coming] punishment that he should be granted life. And Allah is

Seeing of what they do.

Ayah 96 Roots

• Noon Shaddah indicates definitely• Haa Raaw Saawd – strongly desiring

something; its difficult to fulfill it; you have to put in some effort

• Grammar connection: Afa’ala indicates the superlative degree: MOST greedy

Ayah 96 Roots

• Sheen Raaw Kaaf – to associate partners with Allah; giving the share of Allah to others

• Waw Daal Daal – intense love• Aain Meem Raaw – given the age of 1000

years or given a long life• Zaa Haa Zaa Haa – to move away;

Analyze

Why do we want to live longer?

If we are granted a last wish before we die, what will that be?

Lessons

Even if we get to live a long life, this can not prevent the punishment

Every Soul will Taste Death

Everyone of us will face Allah on the Day of Judgement

Use Dunya to Earn Akhira!

YOLO!!! To make the Hereafter

REFLECTIONS

• Homework:• Review translation of ayahs 89-96• Implement• Reflect• Share• Next week inshAllah: Ayahs 97-103