surface

by Susan

title

by Willard Gaylin

text focus version word list

exercise key

Para1

It was, I believe, the distinguished Nebraska financier Father

Edward J.Flanagan who professed to having “never met a bad boy.”

Having, myself, met a remarkable number of bad boys,it might

seem that either our experiences were drastically different or we

were using the word “bad”differently. I suspect neither is true, but

rather that the Father was appraising the “inner man,” while I, in

fact, do not acknowledge the existence of inner people.

译文

Since we psychoanalysts have unwittingly

contributed to this confusion, let one,at least, attempt

a small rectifying effort. Psychoanalytic data--which

should be viewed as supplementary information -- is,

unfortunately, often viewed as alternative (and superior)

explanation. This has led to the prevalent tendency to

think of the “inner” man as the real man and the outer

man as an illusion or pretender.

Para2译文

Para3

While psychoanalysis supplies us with an

incredibly useful tool for explaining the motives and

purposes human behavior, most of this has little

bearing on the moral nature of that behavior.

译文

Para4 (1)

Like roentgenology , psychoanalysis is a

fascinating but relatively new , means of illuminating

the person . But few of us are prepared to substitute an

X-ray of Grandfather’s head for the portrait that hangs

In the parlor . The inside of the man represents another

view , not a truer one .

译文

Para4 (2)

A man may not always be what he appears

to be , but what he appears to be is always a significant

part of what he is . A man is the sum total of all his

behavior. To probe for unconscious determinations of

behavior and then define him in their terms exclusively ,

ignoring his overt behavior altogether , is a greater

distortion than ignoring the unconscious completely .

译文

d1

1. profess : vt .

(1) claim (sth) ,often falsely.

I don’t profess to be an expert in this subject

She professed total ignorance of the matter

He professed that he knew nothing about the matter

(2) state openly that one has (a belief ,feeling, etc )

They professed optimism about the outcome

He professed himself satisfied with the progress made

d22. appraise :vt .

assess the value or quality of

One good method is to appraise a student’s work

It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraise

n:appraisal (C ,U)

d3

3 . inner : adj .

(1) Inside ; (attrib)

This is an inner room(2) (of feelings) unexpressed

If she had inner doubts , it was not apparent to anyone else

(3) expressions :

the inner man /woman :(a) a person’s mind or soul

(b) one’s appetite (joc)

Now it’s better to satisfy the inner man /woman

inner city : oldest parts of a city ,at or near its centre

d44 .unwittingly : adv .

in an unwitting way

If I offended you it was unwittingly .

adj : unwitting (attrib)

(1) not knowing /aware

He was an unwitting carrier of stolen good.

(2) not intentional

I’m sorry for my unwitting interruption of your private conversation.

d55 . Contribute (to) : v .

(1) increase sth , add to sth

Her explanation was contributed enormously to our understanding of this article.

(2) help to cause sth

Morning exercises do contribute to our good heath.(3) write(articles,etc)for a publication

She has contributed (several essays) to literary magazines.

Esprit de corps really contributes to the formation of a good class.

d66 . Rectify : vt . ( -fied )

(1) put (sth) right ; correct ;

This is a mistake that cannot be rectified

(2) (esp, passive) (chemistry) purify or refine ,esp ,by repeated distillation

adj : rectifiable : that can be rectified

n: rectification : rectifying or being rectified

d77 . alternative : adj . (attrib)

(1) available in place of sth else; other

The alternative for translation is Gone With the Wind

(2) (idm) :

The alternative society : people who prefer not to live according to the conventional standards of social behavior.

n : alternative

d88 . prevalent : adj . (among /in)

existing or happening generally ; widespread .

The prevalent opinion is in favor of reform.

n : prevalence (U)being prevalent

They were very surprised by the prevalence of anti - war sentiments.

d99 . bearing on (sth) : n– phrase.

relevance to ; relation to .

What he said had not much bearing on the problem .

bearing : n (1) (sing) behavior ;

Her dignified bearing is always attractive .

way of standing ,walking etc.

(2) (pl) aspects

We must consider the question in all bearings .

d10 10 . illuminating : vt .

(1) Provide · · ·with light .

The football pitch was illuminated with floodlight .

The setting sun illuminated the river

(2) make ··· clear ; help to explain .

It’s necessary for a teacher to illuminate a difficult passage in a book .

adj : illuminating ：

Her explanation is an illuminating analysis .

particularly revealing or helpful.

d1111 . substitute :

put or use ··· as a substitute (for ···)

We must substitute a new chair for the broken one .

(2) vi . ( — for)

act or serve as a substitute .

Can you substitute for me at the meeting ?

(1) vt . ( — · · · for)

d1212 . Exclusively : adv.

adj : exclusive (1) reserved for or limited to ··· .

The interview is exclusive to this magazine .

(2) excluding all but the thing specified .

Teaching has not been her exclusive occupation .

(3) not admitting something new /else .

The two plans are mutually exclusive

be exclusive of ··· :not including ; not counting;

The price of the holiday is exclusive of accommodation .

tr1 记得内布拉斯加著名的金融家爱德华• J • 弗拉纳根神父曾声称“从未遇到过坏孩子” ，但我自己却遇到过不少坏孩子。这或许是因为我们俩的经历大不相同，或许是因为我们所用的“坏”这个词的含义不同。但我怀疑两者都。真正的原由在于，神父是在赞扬“内在的人”，而我却不承认内在之人的存在。

tr2 由于我们精神分析家无意之

中造成了这一混乱现象，那么至少得有人做出一点微薄的努力予以澄清。不幸的是，精神分析资料—— 本该当作补充信息才是——往往被看作可供选择（而且是更可取的）解释。这样就导致了目前这种普遍倾向，即把“内在的人”看作真实的人，而把外在的人视为一种错觉或假面具。

tr3

虽然精神分析为我们解释人的行为动机和目的提供了一种非常有用的工具，但其中大部分与人类行为的道德无关。

Tr4（ 1） （ 1 ） 与 X 射线学一样，精神分析是一种颇有吸取力然而却是相对新的透视人内心世界的手段。但我们很少有人会拿一张祖父头部的 X 光片取代挂在客厅的肖像画。人的内心往往会呈现出另一幅景象，但未必是一幅更真实的景象。

Tr4（ 2） （ 2 ）一个人也许不会永远就是他所显现的样子，然而他所显现的样子永远是真正的他的一个重要组成部。一个人是他全部行为的总和。只探索决定一个人行为的无意识因素，然后仅仅根据这些因素给他下结论而完全忽视其他外在行为，这比完全忽视他的无意识更有悖于事实。

Word list(1) Profess

(2) appraise

(3) inner

(4) unwittingly

(5) contribute

(6) rectify

(7) alternative

(8) prevalent

(9) Bearing on

(10) illuminating

(11) substitute

(12) exclusively

exercise11. I don’t profess … an expert in this subject

2. good method is to … a student’s work

3. Now it’s … to satisfy the inner man /woman

4. I’m sorry for my … interruption of your private conversation.

5 Morning exercises do … our good heath.

6. The price of the holiday is exclusive … accommodation .

A . on B . about C .of D . in

A . good B . well C .move D .contribute to

A. intention B . unwitting C . in D .purpose

A . have being B . to be C .had been D .be

A . appraise B . going to appraise C . have appraise

A . good B . well C . bad D . better

exercise27. This is a mistake that cannot be … .

8. The … for translation is Gone With the Wind.

10. The setting sun … the river

11. We must substitute a new chair … the broken one .

A . rectify B . put right C . put in D . rectifying

A . alternative B .version C . change D . alter

9. What he said had not … bearing …the problem .

A . many … on B .much …on C . much … in D .many …in

A .brighten C . lightB . illuminates D . give light

A . as B . to C . for D .with

key1. B

2 . A

3. D

4. B

5. D

6 . C

7 . B

8 . A

9 . B

10 . B

11 . C

—End—

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