SURFACE MINING Mohammad Esa Rasuly Esarasuly4@gmail.com

Esmatulla Ahmadi Safiullah zahid

III-B.Tech Mining Engineering

GIET (A)Rajahmundry

Minerals

Mine

Mining

Mining Engineer

MINING METHODS

There are mainly two method for extraction of minerals which are as follows .

1.Underground Mining 2.Surface Mining

FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF MINING METHODS

• Depth of the deposit• Shape of the deposit • Thickness of the deposit • Gradient of the deposit• Availability of machineries• Economic value of minerals• Characteristics of roof and floor

Photo from www.google.com

SURFACE MINING• Surface mining is done by removing (stripping) surface vegetation, dirt,

and, if necessary, layers of bedrock in order to reach buried ore deposits (or) surface mining is the process of extraction of minerals by removal of overburden .• Overburden is the rock or waste material which is lying on the mineral to

be owned . • Surface mining is also know as , Open pit, Open cast and Strip Mining.• Sump should be located at the bottom of the Mine .• Height and width of the bench .• Drilling and blasting .

SURFACE MINING

METHOD OF SURFACE MINING INCLUDES

• Open-pit mining: Which is the recovery of materials from an open pit in the ground .• Quarrying: Identical to open-pit mining except that it refers to sand,

stone and clay.• Strip mining :Which consists of stripping surface layers off to reveal

ore/seams underneath .• Mountaintop removal: Commonly associated with coal mining, which

involves taking the top of a mountain off to reach ore deposits at depth.

DIFFERENT TYPE OF MACHINERY AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM USED IN SURFACE MINES

• Drill Machine • Shovel + Dumper • Dragline • Surface Miner• Bucket Wheel Excavator • In-pit Crusher + Spreader • Belt Conveyors System• Rail Transport System • Tracks

SHOVEL + DUMPER

DRAGLINE

Photo from www.google.com

SURFACE MINER

BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR

BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR

Photo from www.google.com

ADVANTAGES OF SURFACE MINING• Like Underground Mining no minerals are blocked as shaft pillars ,

supports , roadways etc.• Roof control and ventilation is not required .• Low cost as compared to Underground Mining .• Low labor requirement than Underground Mining.• Hazards and dangers are lesser than Underground Mining .• Quality control is easy .• Female labors can work in Surface Mining.• High degree of mechanization is possible .• High explosives can be used .

LIMITATION OF SURFACE MINING

• This method can be uneconomic for extracting the minerals at a depth of more than 300 m .• There maybe huge environmental problems .• Weather affects .• Limited by striping ratio.• Require a remote area for mine waste deposal .• Degradation of surface land .

CONCLUSION

• About 85% of the world coal is obtained by open cast mining method .• By this method, more production can be obtained than underground mining

method.• Less time required to full fill the production in less than 50% of underground

mining method.• Greater output per mine , output up to 50 million tones per mine are being

obtained in the former USSR as against 8 million tones for the largest Underground Mine.• Greater simplicity in auxiliary operation and service .

REFERENCES• Surface Mining Technology (second enlarge edition) by: Samir Kumar Das• Elements of Mining Technology (Vol. 1&3) By: D.J.Deshmukh • Principles and Practices of Modern Coal Mining By: R.D.Singh • Photos from www.Google.com• Some information has been taken from www.Wikipedia.org

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• The presenters wish to acknowledge the Management and faculty members of GIET and Aditya engineering colleges for providing an opportunity to do this task.• And also the presenters acknowledge the parents, friends for

their continuous encouragement in doing this work.

Thank you!