Survey of bacteria
Heliobacteria
Eurybacteria
Sphingobacteria
Spirochaetae
Hadobacteria
Proteobacteria
Cyanobacteria
Planctobacteria
Endobacteria
Euryarchaeota
Actinobacteria
Thaumarchaeota
Togobacteria
Nanoarchaeota
Composed byBas Kooijman
Korarchaeota
Crenarchaeota
Lipobacteria
outer membrane present, usually with murein wall between the two membranes; outer membrane of phospholipids
acyl ester lipids; lipopolysaccaride absent
no flagellar shaft outside membrane
Spirochaeta (Spirochaetae)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Chloroflexus (Chlorobacteria Hadobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Deinococcus (Deinobacteria Hadobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
One cell from a tetrad
Heliobacteria
Heliobacterium modesticaldum Heliorestis species
Glycobacteria
outer membrane present, usually with murein wall between the two
membranes; phospholipids in inner leaflet, lipopolysaccharides in
outer leaflet
acyl ester lipids
small recognition RNA (in Proteobacteria)
RuBisCo may be present
if present, flagella pass through outer membrane
Eurybacteria
Selenobacteria Selenomonas, SporomusaFusobacteria Fusobacterium, LeptotrichiaFibrobacteria Fibrobacter
Selenomonas palpitans from sheep rumen liquor
Planctomyces (Planctomycetales)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Gemmata (Planctomycetales)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Poribacteria
Fieseler,L, Horn, M., Wagner, M. and Hentschel1, U. (2004)Discovery of the Novel Candidate Phylum “Poribacteria” in Marine Sponges APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 70: 3724–3732
Bacterial types in the sponge Aplysina aerophoba1 Long rods with membrane-bound nuclear region and S-layer-type outer membrane, cell division by septation2 Short fat rods with membrane-bound nuclear region and electron-dense cytoplasm3 D-shaped cells with clear membrane-bound nuclear region and S-layer-type outer membrane4 Rods with clear membrane-bound nuclear region and gram-negative outer membrane5 Rods with clear, membrane-bound nuclear region and S-layer-type outer membrane6 Rods with membrane-bound compartment that is devoid of DNA; the compartment contains most of the RNA, while the DNA is restricted to the cytoplasm; the outer membrane contains budding appendages; there is an unusually wide periplasmic space and a phenotypic resemblance to G. aurantiaca
Anabaena (Phycobacteria Cyanobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NYStaley, J. T. et al 1989 Bergey’s manual ofSystematic bacteriology. William & Wilkins, Baltimore
S external layer (slime or sheath)OM outer memebranePL peptidoglycan layerCM cytoplasmic membraneCW cell wallCY cytoplasmaE cell envelopeGV gas vesicle
N nucleoplasmic regionC carboxysomePP polyphosphate granuleCP cyanophycin granuleGG glycogen granulesTH thylakoidPB phycobilisome
Prochloron (Phycobacteria Cyanobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Pleurocapsa (Phycobacteria Cyanobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989 Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology. William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Chamaesiphon (Gloeobacteria Cyanobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989 Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology. William & Wilkins, Baltimore
A bud enlargesB unequal fissionC forming reproductive pole, r
Nitrobacter (Proteobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Azotobacter (Proteobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Stigmatella (Proteobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Bdellovibrio (Proteobacteria)
From: Prescott, L.M. et al 1996 Microbiology. WCB, Dubuque
Caulobacter (Hyphomicrobia Proteobacteria)
From: Dworkin, M. 1985 Developmental biology of the bacteria.Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co, ReadingMargulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Ancalomicrobium (Hyphomicrobia Proteobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989 Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology. William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Pedomicrobium (Hyphomicrobia Proteobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989 Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology. William & Wilkins, Baltimore
1 mother cell with hyphae and buds2 young bud3 mature bud with flagellum4 swarmer cell5 young mother cell attached to surface6 mature mother cell, beginning bud formation
Myxococcus (Thiobacteria Proteobacteria)
From: Dworkin, M. 1985 Developmental biology of the bacteria.Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co, Reading
Leucothrix (Thiobacteria Proteobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989 Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology. William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Saprospira (Flavobacteria Sphingobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Chlorochromatium (Chlorobibacteria Sphingobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
(= Chlorochromatium)
Posibacteria
(Gram-positive bacteria plus mycoplasmas, thermotogales)
single cytoplasmic membrane only, no outer membrane
large signal recognition RNA
acyl ester lipids; murein widespread
Streptomyces (Actinobacteria)
From: Dworkin, M. 1985 Developmental biology of the bacteria.Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co, Reading
Bacillus (Endobacteria)
From: Margulis, L. & Schwartz, K.V. 1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NYPrescott, L.M. et al 1996 Microbiology. WCB, Dubuque
Mycoplasmas (Aphragmabacteria Endobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Thermogota (Togobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Archaebacteria
single cytoplasmic membrane only, no outer membrane
large signal recognition RNA
isoprenoid ether lipids; murein absent
presence of N-linked glycoprotein (as in eukaryotes and some other bacteria)
Nanoarchaeum equitans (Nanoarchaeota)
Found at 90°C in submarin ventsEpibiontic on Archaebacterium Ignicoccus, which grows anaerobically on S, H2, CO2
and produces H2SIntracellular membranes presentDiameter 400 m, genome size 0.5 Mbp
After: Huber, H., Hohn, M. J., Rschel, R. and others2002 A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosizedhyperthermophilic symbiomt, Nature 417: 63 - 67
Euryarchaeota
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
Archaeoglobi Halobacteria MethanobacteriaMethanococciMethanomicrobiaMethanopyri ThermococciThermoplasmata
Methanobacterium
Halobacteria sp. strain NRC-1each cell about 5 μm long.
Thermoplasma (Thermoplasmata Euryarchaeota)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.1998 Five kingdoms.Freeman, NY
(Thaumarchaeota)Cenarchaeales Nitrosopumilales
(Crearchaeota) AcidilobalesDesulfurococcalesSulfolobalesThermoproteales
Korarchaeum (Korarchaeota )
Korarchaeum cryptofilum
