United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PUnited Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacificacific

Presentation by ESCAPKnowledge transfer and capacity building for water and

sanitation services in Asia and the Pacific17-19 February 2009

Survey of national experiences on institutional changes for

sanitation

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Goals of the Survey*

(*presented at the World Toilet Summit & Expo, Macao, China)

Highlight good practices and lessons learned from governments on the improvement of sanitation

Promote consensus on priority issues to achieve the MDGs on sanitation

Serve as input to the preparation of the SG’sreport on the implementation of IYS to the General Assembly at its 64th session in 2009

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

List of responses

No Country Organization 1 Bangladesh Department of Public Health Engineering2 Cambodia Ministry of Health3 Indonesia Ministry of Health4 Lao PDR Ministry of Health5 Nepal Ministry of Physical Planning and Works 6 Palau Ministry of Health7 Philippines Department of Health8 PNG WHO9 Sri Lanka UNICEF

10 Sri Lanka National Water Supply and Drainage Board11 Thailand Ministry of Public Health12 Timor Leste Ministry of Health13 Vanuatu Ministry of Health14 Vietnam Ministry of Health15 Vietnam UNICEF

South & Southwest Asia: 3 Pacific Islands: 3Southeast Asia: 7

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Main Outcomes

• Most countries have created national coordination mechanism for sanitation (9/13)

• Most important driver for change in sanitation is civil society mobilization (13/15)

• Local governments need to be trusted not only with decision-making authority, but also with finance, rewards and incentives (all)

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Major achievements & successes

Awareness campaigns (all)

Sanitation through curriculum (THA, BAN)

CLTS (CAM, BAN, INA, NEP)

Sustainability – ECOSAN (NEP, SRI)

Awards & incentives for local leadership (THA, BAN)

Decentralization with funds (BAN, INA, THA)

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Institutional Changes

9 of 13 countries have established a coordination mechanism for sanitation issues

6 countries have produced a strategic document or policy on sanitation

3 countries emphasized on their decentralization initiatives

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Q2: Institutional ChangesTotal % NO Total % NO

Legal, Policy and planning reform 27% 6Strategic Document/ Policy (Legal) 23% 5Integration of sanitation into existing Plan 5% 1

Coordination reform 45% 10Coordination Group/ Committee/ Mechanism 41% 9Creation of a Special Ministry 5% 1

Decentralization reform 18% 4Decentralization initiatives 5% 1Distribution of budget to local authorities 14% 3

Financing reform 18% 4Involvement of the Ministry of Finance 5% 1Local government budget matched by the

central government 14% 3Technological reform 9% 2

Quality control initiative 5% 1Appropriate technology identification 5% 1

Public awareness promotion 18% 4Awareness campaign (Household, school) 18% 4

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Drivers of institutional reform for sanitation

Drivers Total % NO (15)Political Leadership 73% 11Civil society mobilization 87% 13Community-based initiative 80% 12

International Aid 67% 10Private Sector Participation 60% 9

Create demandCreate

demand

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Priorities for Action at the national level

Technology on sustainable, ecological solutions

Building and rewarding local leaders

Local government ownership

Horizontal learning & knowledge sharing (all)

Private sector participation

Social Marketing

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Priorities for International Organizations

Capacity building of governments

Knowledge-sharing on community initiatives

Assistance with fund-raising

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Priorities for EASAN & SACOSAN

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Conclusions

Guiding Principles:• Emerging risks (Climate Change, Disasters) demand innovative solutions• Affordability, sustainability (definition) & conformity to cultural practicesMost important drivers of change:

• Institutional: Civil-society mobilization, education, local champions, decentralization & sustainability criteria

• Financial: National budget lines, household contributions, microfinance & external fundraising

• Legal: coordinated action plans, PPP law, grass root & community law

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Conclusions

Most common MODALITY (SLOW-Moving institutions)

• Education, Awareness campaigns & Advocacy (100%)

• Pilot projects

• Identify cultural practices that promote or inhibit

Most important POLICY reform (FAST-Moving institutions)

• Creation of coordination mechanism, anchor institution

• Include sanitation in development plans/ legal framework

• Lagging behind on decentralization & funds (100%)

• Monitoring & Evaluation – reliable data

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

THANK YOU!

For additional information:

sokou@un.orgti.unescap@un.org

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

QUESTIONS:

How else can IOs reach slow moving institutions?

How can we motivate local governments – incentives?

What national (central) government decentralization policies have worked?

Can we gain independence from donor financing? How?