Date post: | 13-Jan-2015 |
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Bioenergy forBioenergy forthe Consumerthe Consumer
Susan Powers, PhD, Clarkson UniversitySusan Powers, PhD, Clarkson University
Scott Gordon, PhD, Green Technologies, LLC Scott Gordon, PhD, Green Technologies, LLC
Jock Gill, Vermont Grass Energy Collaborative Jock Gill, Vermont Grass Energy Collaborative
Bill Olsen, St. Lawrence UniversityBill Olsen, St. Lawrence University
Bioenergy for the ConsumerBioenergy for the ConsumerWhy should I be a consumer of bioenergy?Why should I be a consumer of bioenergy?
Government programsGovernment programs
SustainabilitySustainability
What are the options?What are the options?
What products available –What products available –Generally? Locally? Generally? Locally?
Now? Next year?Now? Next year?
How can I buy and use these products?How can I buy and use these products?
How can we create demand to help create the How can we create demand to help create the supply?supply?
How can I help to ensure that this remains a How can I help to ensure that this remains a SUSTAINABLE energy supply?SUSTAINABLE energy supply?
Why Bioenergy?Why Bioenergy?Biomass is:Biomass is:
AbundantAbundant
RenewableRenewable
Nearly carbon-neutralNearly carbon-neutral
A sustainable source of A sustainable source of hydrocarbons.hydrocarbons.
Biomass can:Biomass can:Fill the gap between oil Fill the gap between oil demand and supply in the demand and supply in the near term.near term.
Move regions like ours Move regions like ours towards energy towards energy independenceindependence
Bioenergy SYSTEMBioenergy SYSTEM
FinancingTransportationPolicies / Incentives
IncentivesMarketingTransportationDistribution system
By-productsEmployment
So
ciet
y
EmissionsEnv. Degradation
En
viro
nm
ent
FeedstockConversion
Technol. product Markets
Bioenergy industry
TheyThey are telling us to use it… are telling us to use it…
Federal - Energy Policy Act 2005Federal - Energy Policy Act 2005– Energy security / energy independenceEnergy security / energy independence
NYS – 90% transportation fuel imported, NYS – 90% transportation fuel imported, 45% from OPEC45% from OPEC
– Renewable fuel Renewable fuel standardstandard
NYS NYS – 25% renewable 25% renewable
electricity by electricity by 2013 2013 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2006 2008 2010 2012
Bill
ion
s G
allo
ns
Ren
ewab
le F
uel
(2.8%)
Bioenergy Product OptionsBioenergy Product Options
WoodWood– LogsLogs– ChipsChips– PelletsPellets
Grass pelletsGrass pelletsPowerPower– From the gridFrom the grid
BiofuelBiofuel– BiodieselBiodiesel– Green dieselGreen diesel– EthanolEthanol
UsesUses– Home heatingHome heating– TransportationTransportation– ElectricityElectricity– Industrial / institutional Industrial / institutional
heating, combined heating, combined heat and powerheat and power
Bioenergy Consumer ProductsBioenergy Consumer Products
WoodWood– LogsLogs– ChipsChips– PelletsPellets
Grass pelletsGrass pelletsPowerPower– From the gridFrom the grid
BiofuelBiofuel– BiodieselBiodiesel– Green dieselGreen diesel– EthanolEthanol
UsesUses– Home heatingHome heating– TransportationTransportation– ElectricityElectricity– Industrial / institutional Industrial / institutional
heating, combined heating, combined heat and powerheat and power
Bioenergy Consumer ProductsBioenergy Consumer Products
WoodWood– LogsLogs– ChipsChips– PelletsPellets
Grass pelletsGrass pelletsPowerPower– From the gridFrom the grid
BiofuelBiofuel– BiodieselBiodiesel– Green dieselGreen diesel– EthanolEthanol
UsesUses– Home heatingHome heating– TransportationTransportation– ElectricityElectricity– Industrial / institutional Industrial / institutional
heating, combined heating, combined heat and powerheat and power
Bioenergy Consumer ProductsBioenergy Consumer Products
WoodWood– Logs Logs – ChipsChips– PelletsPellets
Grass pelletsGrass pelletsPowerPower– From the gridFrom the grid
BiofuelBiofuel– BiodieselBiodiesel– Green dieselGreen diesel– EthanolEthanol
UsesUses– Home heatingHome heating– TransportationTransportation– ElectricityElectricity– Industrial heating, Industrial heating,
combined heat and combined heat and powerspowers
Bioenergy Consumer ProductsBioenergy Consumer Products
WoodWood– Logs Logs – ChipsChips– PelletsPellets
Grass pelletsGrass pelletsPowerPower– From the gridFrom the grid
BiofuelBiofuel– BiodieselBiodiesel– Green dieselGreen diesel– EthanolEthanol
UsesUses– Home heatingHome heating– TransportationTransportation– ElectricityElectricity– Industrial heating, Industrial heating,
combined heat and combined heat and powerspowers
Example Conversion TechnologiesExample Conversion Technologies
Wood* ConversionWood* Conversion
– Direct combustionDirect combustion
– High efficiency High efficiency combustioncombustion
– GasificationGasification
– FermentationFermentation
Energy ProductsEnergy Products
– HeatHeat
– Combined heat and Combined heat and powerpower
– Green dieselGreen diesel
– EthanolEthanol
* the “original” bioenergy source; “nature’s oldest renewable energy source”the “original” bioenergy source; “nature’s oldest renewable energy source”
Wide variety in processes can result in a wide range of products; Just like petroleum!
But outdoor wood boilers?But outdoor wood boilers?
OWBs may be among the dirtiest and least economical modes of heatingProperly operated, OWBs emit more fine particulate matter pollution– 4 times more than conventional wood stoves, – 12 times more than EPA-certified wood stoves, – 1000 times more than oil furnaces, – 1800 times more than gas furnaces.
Fine particulate matter pollution has both short-term and long-term health effects.
(Elliot Spitzer, 2005)
Economics – Supply and DemandEconomics – Supply and Demand
Rural areas Rural areas – Less demandLess demand– Faced with smaller supply of bioenergy Faced with smaller supply of bioenergy
productsproducts
ExampleExample– Wood pellets 2006Wood pellets 2006– Many pellet stoves sold Many pellet stoves sold
but limited supply of pelletsbut limited supply of pellets
– Curran Renewable Energy LLC, Massena, Curran Renewable Energy LLC, Massena, proposed wood pellet facilityproposed wood pellet facility
Current Biodiesel SupplyCurrent Biodiesel Supply
Biodiesel Fuel StationsBiodiesel Fuel Stations
Biodiesel DistributorsBiodiesel Distributors– Sprague ( )Sprague ( )– Collins Oil ( )Collins Oil ( )– Noco ( )Noco ( )
BD produced in FultonBD produced in FultonJanuary 2008 ( ) January 2008 ( )
Barry Collins OilBarry Collins Oil
Home Heating oil distributorHome Heating oil distributor
Dedicated to biodieselDedicated to biodiesel
Sells biodiesel / oilSells biodiesel / oilblends B5, B20blends B5, B20
St. Lawrence, St. Lawrence, Franklin, Franklin, Essex, Essex, Clinton Co.Clinton Co.
Current Ethanol SupplyCurrent Ethanol Supply
Ethanol added to Ethanol added to gasoline for gasoline for transportationtransportation
E10 required as E10 required as oxygenate in gasolineoxygenate in gasoline
Planned ethanol Planned ethanol production facilitiesproduction facilities
ProposedProposed
E85
Creating the DemandCreating the Demand
Identify customer base Identify customer base – Who is the “consumer”?Who is the “consumer”?
Advocate for increased Advocate for increased use of bioenergyuse of bioenergy
Vote and consumeVote and consumeknowledgeablyknowledgeably
IndustriesAssociated CollegesFleet Transporters
Small BusinessesK-12 institutions
Home-owner
The continuing role of politicsThe continuing role of politics
Pres. Bush and Gov. PatakiPres. Bush and Gov. Pataki– Ethanol advocatesEthanol advocates– Mostly corn, some from cellulosicsMostly corn, some from cellulosics tax incentives for new production, fuel tax tax incentives for new production, fuel tax
creditscredits
Gov. SpitzerGov. Spitzer– ““Spitzer's Silence on Ethanol Fight Speaks Spitzer's Silence on Ethanol Fight Speaks
Volumes " (April 19, 2007)Volumes " (April 19, 2007)– B-20 tax credit at sale – expires June 30, 2007B-20 tax credit at sale – expires June 30, 2007
Doing it rightDoing it right
SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY– People, prosperity and planetPeople, prosperity and planet
Use bioenergy in a manner that Use bioenergy in a manner that – Does not negatively impact human conditionDoes not negatively impact human condition– Recognizes the limits to the Earth’s capacity Recognizes the limits to the Earth’s capacity
to renew itselfto renew itself– Concentrates on LOCAL supply and demand Concentrates on LOCAL supply and demand
as much as possibleas much as possible
Conservation most importantConservation most important
Sue’s Opinions on Sue’s Opinions on SustainableSustainable Bioenergy in NNYBioenergy in NNY
We have a great capacity for forest and We have a great capacity for forest and dedicated crop biomass productiondedicated crop biomass production
We should expand local resource We should expand local resource utilization and bioenergy economyutilization and bioenergy economy– Biomass harvest / growthBiomass harvest / growth– Biomass conversionBiomass conversion– Bioenergy product distribution and useBioenergy product distribution and use
We should approach increased utilization We should approach increased utilization of corn-based ethanol very cautiouslyof corn-based ethanol very cautiously
Learning MoreLearning More
TonightTonight– Scott Gordon – BiodieselScott Gordon – Biodiesel– Jock Gill – PelletsJock Gill – Pellets– Bill Olsen – Wood gasificationBill Olsen – Wood gasification
TomorrowTomorrow– Pellets – 9 amPellets – 9 am– Bioheat panel – 11 amBioheat panel – 11 am– Alternative Fuels – 11 amAlternative Fuels – 11 am– Wood gasification – 3 pmWood gasification – 3 pm– Biodiesel production - 4 pmBiodiesel production - 4 pm