‘Sustainable Approach Of Recycling Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Integrated Biofilm - Membrane

Filtration System For Internal Plant Usage’

Student Sajjad Khudhur AbbasSupervisor Dr. Teow Yeit HaanCo-supervisor Prof. Abdul Wahab bin Mohammad

Research Title‘Final

Presentation’

By

In Malaysia, oil palm is a very significant crop. In the worldwide, the biggest palm oil exporter and producer is Indonesia and Malaysia is the 2nd exporter and producer. The production of crude palm oil (CPO) was increased significantly from 92,000 tonnes in year 1960 to 17.6 million tonnes in year 2009, The process to extract the palm oil needs massive and huge water quantity to sterilize the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and clarify the extracted oil.

Palm Oil in Malaysia SAJJAD K. A.

3rd Presentation

POME treatment

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

95-96% of water

0.6-0.7% of oil

2-4% of suspended solids

POME highest sources

Clarifier sludge

hydro cyclone

sterilizer condensation

SAJJAD K. A. 3rd

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Environmental impact

)Ma A. N., 2000 (

)Singh G. a., 1999 (

The stocks of local fish in lakes and rivers are declining

Bathing and water sources turned into

brown colour smelt foul

Fresh POME

Acidic Colloidal Suspension

Hot

Brownish

High Solids Amount (40,000 mg/l)

COD (50,000 mg/l)

BOD (25,000 mg/l) ref

SAJJAD K. A. 3rd

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Problem Statement

Briefly, the highly polluted wastewater is causing a severe pollution to the :

Waterways

Aquatic Habitats Impacted Human Health

Affected Aquatic Life

SAJJAD K. A. 3rd

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Zero waste energy

POME Treatment system

Treated Water

Biogas

POME

SAJJAD K. A. 3rd

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Sludge

Myth or Fact?

Available POME treatment techniques

Anaerobic contact process

Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)

Up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed film (UASFF)

Up flow anaerobic sludge blanked (UASB)

Fluidized bed

Anaerobic filtration

Conventional anaerobic digestion (Digester and pond)

Conventional anaerobic digestion (Digester and pond)

Aerobic

Evaporation

Anaerobic

Membrane

Biofilm

Biofilm bacteria (Biological Treatment) integrated with Membrane Technology is based on WHAT FACTORS ? ANS:• COST EFFECTIVE• REQUIREMENTS• FLEXIBILITY • SIMPLICITY • CLOSED OR OPEN

SYSTEM N0TE: UPON our knowledge and research, There is no previous work had or have done on using integrated biofilm-Membrane.

SAJJAD K. A. 3rd

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Biofilm technique integrated with Membrane

Membrane techniqueBiofilm technique

SAJJAD K. A. 3rd

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Biofilm technique integrated with Membrane

Membrane techniqueBiofilm technique

Swimming

Attachment EPS

Feeding

Decomposition

Treatment Process

Kind – Cross flow Filter – Nano filter (NF)

Feed

Out

let

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Process Tension Factors

Membrane foulingBiofilm Bacteria dead lack

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PROCESS SETTING

Biofilm technique Membrane technique

Parameter Value Acclimatization duration

Unknown

Treating period Unknown Black media amount

328 pieces

White media amount

126 pieces

Raw POME volume 2 litres Raw POME COD 6630 mg/lTemperature Ambient

Parameter Value Pump pressure 3 barTemperature 24.1 CInlet POME COD 923 mg/lFilter Nano

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TREATMENT SCHEMESAJJAD K. A.

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POME treatment

Be confident By measuring Parameters !

DO

CODTSS MLSS

NH3-N

PH

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Results SlideSAJJAD K. A.

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POME treatment Acclimatization Stage ‘Hexafilter media’

Test\Day

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

COD 6630

3680 3440 3101 2908 2421 2220 2201 2400 2410 2409 2430 2190.3

2215

MLSS *103

12.10

15.10

9.80 6.50 3.90 3.30 3.00 2.70 3.23 3.66 3.07 2.45 3.26 3.12

NH3-N

970

350 309 287 240 227 226 200 193 121 112 109 90 81

Turb. 3740

1108 655 325 190 133 113 110 108 152 119 110 79 66

1

Acclimatization Stage ‘Black media’Test\Day

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

COD 6630

3550

3340 3010 2905 2901 2900 2769 2630 2510 2484 2450 3010 3005

MLSS *103

12.10

13.10

10.50

8.77 6.10 5.90 5.46 4.23 3.20 3.23 3.01 2.96 2.20 2.00

NH3-N 970 330 295 260 233 218 210 177 153 89 95 102 75 63Turb. 374

0998 845 755 598 357 293 175 113 130 89 60 20 15All in mg/l, except Turbidity

in NTU.

Results SlideSAJJAD K. A.

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POME treatment

Biological Treatment Membrane

RawPOME

Hexafilter Black media NF UnitsTest 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr -COD 1450 760 1130 850 690 910 1040 19 mg/lMLSS 0.006 0.0031 0.0025 0.0025 0.0035 0.0026 0.0032 0.0003 mg/lNH3-N 101 93 100 107 102 86 93 1.19 mg/l

pH 8.021 7.258 7.422 7.651 7.654 7.973 7.855 6.473 -TSS 290 140 420 405 340 470 410 0 mg/lDO 2.03 1.88 2.49 2.71 2.38 1.79 2.57 4.44 mg/l

Turbidity 87.9 140 122 93 130 111 76 0.381 NTU

2

HexafilterBlack media Membrane

Black Media

Biofilm carriers at the 2nd day of the bacteria growth

stage

Bacteria growth after 15 days at the media surface

Bacteria growth after one month at the media surface

Footages from different sections

Footage (Black Media) SAJJAD K. A. 3rd

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Hexafilter Media

Biofilm carriers at the 2nd day of the

bacteria growth stage

Bacteria growth after 15 days at the media surface

Bacteria growth after one month at the media surface

Footages from different sections

Footage (Black Media) SAJJAD K. A. 3rd

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Footages (Treated POME samples ) RAW POME

Distilled

POME

H media

B media

Membrane

SampleThe sample is following which standards?

Standards

RAW POME

Diluted POME

H media

B media

Membrane Sample

12 Slightly3 Slightly4 Slightly56 Slightly Slightly789

1011 Slightly SlightlyNo Definition 1 NWQSFM CLASS I2 NWQSFM CLASS IIA3 NWQSFM CLASS IIB4 NWQSFM CLASS III5 NWQSFM CLASS IV6 NWQSFM CLASS V

No Definition 7 DOE CLASS I8 DOE CLASS II9 DOE CLASS III 10 DOE CLASS IV 11 DOE CLASS V

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Result’s Closer LOOK

Biofilm bacteria treatment is complicated

since the treatment is wobbling

Membrane is so easy to be blocked

This integrated system won’t give product with

certain properties

This integrated system needs Control system

Its possible and better to use low level membrane like macro but the treated wastewater won’t be same

quality as the Nano.

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CONCLUSION

surface area

crimpy surface

narrow corners

Mixing

Moisture

NF membrane

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Future studies, endorsing and recommendations

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Series reactors

Sedimentation system

Catalyst

Fixed temperature

Deep reactor for biofilm growth stage

Short depth reactor for POME treatment stage

Closed system

Treatment age not longer than 24 hours

Using media with high surface area Endorsements

The Decree

From Standards side As a Scientist !

Strongly Definitely

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Global WarmingSAJJAD K. A.

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POME treatment

Temperature rising

rising sea level

Floods

Heat waves

Extinctions of animals and plants

Desertification

Q & A

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THANK YOU

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