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Pyrolysis oil
1
Kasperi Karhapää
FIBIC –seminar
20.11.2013, Fortum
Titles
1) Why Fortum decided to produce
pyrolysis oil
2) How pyrolysis oil is produced
3) Pyrolysis oil characteristics
4) Where to use pyrolysis oil
5) Future visions
6) “Broad” sustainability of pyrolysis
oil
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1) Why Fortum decided to produce pyrolysis oil
3
Intermediate goal on the way towards solar power is
the use of biomass – in solid, liquid and gas form
Future energy system is based on emission free and inexhaustible energy sources
Why pyrolysis oil is Fortum’s selection
• Fast pyrolysis is one of the most cost efficient ways to liquefy biomass
• Pyrolysis oil is bioenergy in a dense form
• Helps to decrease CO2 – emissions, SOx emissions
• Pyrolysis oil production is integrated into CHP-power plant. Benefits of integrating
include:
– Increase in CHP-plant’s utilization rate
– Complete utilization of by-products in energy production
– Combined raw material and fuel purchase, combined control room operations
• Yearly production is 50 000 tons of pyrolysis oil
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Pyrolysis oil is bioenergy in a dense form
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© OECD/IEA 2012 (Anselm Eisentraut, Jönköping 30.5.2012)
2) Production of pyrolysis oil
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CHP –boiler integrated
process
3) Pyrolysis oil characteristics
7 Source: VTT
• Sulphur ’free’
• Acidic, pH 2‒3
• Viscosity between HFO and LFO
• Lower Heating Value 13-18 MJ/kg
(LHV)
• Water content 20-35 p-%
• Flash point 40-110 °C
• Density 1.1-1.3 kg/l
4) Where to use pyrolysis oil
• Replace HFO
– In Finland about 400–600 heat boilers use HFO or
LFO as main fuel.
– Environmental norms for <50 MW boilers tightening
(PINO –norms)
• Especially sulphur limits make the use of HFO more
difficult in the future
– Switching a heating boiler from HFO to pyrolysis oil
requires relatively small investment
• In the future
– Refining – requires scientific work
– Diesel engines
– Gas turbines
– Co-firing
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5) Future visions
Biooil
Transportation Fuels
Boiler Upgrade ReformGasify
Separate
Engine
Turbine
ElectricityHeat Hydrogen Chemicals
Synthesis
Biooil
Transportation Fuels
Boiler Upgrade ReformGasify
Separate
Engine
Turbine
ElectricityHeat Hydrogen Chemicals
Synthesis
Lähde: Biomass Pyrolysis, IEA Task 34 Booklet
6) “Broad” sustainability of pyrolysis oil
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Raw material
• Renewable wood
– Harvesting residues, saw dust, wood from energy thinnings
• Sustainably produced
– Sustainability controlled with sustainability system
Total efficiency in integrated concept
• Increased total efficiency of the existing CHP-plants
• Complete utilization of pyrolysis oil production by-products in energy production
• Pyrolysis oil use in existing heating boilers
Green “addings”
• Pyrolysis oil is green fuel for the heating boilers
• Decreasing SOx emissions
• Increased green electricity production in the integrated concept