Sustainable Development Principles

8/8/2019 Sustainable Development Principles

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SUSTAINABLESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES


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Viewing Our Earth


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Turning Points

1962

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson

Research on toxicology, ecology and epidemiology

Agricultural pesticides building to catastrophic levels

Linked to damage to animal species and to human

health


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Turning Points

1987

Our Common Future by

The World Commission on Environmentand Development

1987

The Brundtland Report

1987

The Brundtland Report

"meets the needs of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future generations tomeet their own needs"


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The Big Meeting

1992

The U.N. Conference on Environment and

Development (UNCED)

1992

The Earth Summit

1992

The Earth Summit

Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

Agenda 21

Statement on Forests Principles

United Nations Framework Convention On ClimateChange

Convention on Biological Diversity


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Agenda 21

40 chapter action blueprint on issuesrelating to sustainable development

Offers policies and programmes

Descripes technologies and techniques

Roles for everyone

Polluter pays principle

Industrialised countries greater role cleaning up

Most responsibility on the national governments


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1992 Earth Summit

Agenda 21 Themes

Economic, social, and ecological factorsmust be integrated in political andbusiness decision making - they aresurely integrated in workings of thenatural world

Institutions must move out of their

narrow, specialised niches to integrateand interact with one another

Decentralise management of resources;empower local communities


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Areas of Concern in Agenda 21

Poverty alleviation

Human consumption patterns

Demographics and humansettlements (e.g., populationgrowth)a

Human health

Biodiversity

Freshwater and coastal resources

Land resources, especially forests


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More Areas of Concern

in Agenda 21

Mountainous areas

Agriculture and rural development Toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes

Solid wastes

Protecting the atmosphere Women, children, youth, indigenous people

Institutional and legal frameworks


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Convention on Biological Diversity

Countries shall: Develop national strategies, plans or programmes for the

conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity

Raise awareness on the importance of biodiversity

Use environmental impact assessment

Grant developing countries access to environmentalsound technologies and technologies that make use of

resources that they provide Consider the need for an agreement on the safe

handling and use of living organisms modified bybiotechnology


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Three Elements

Economically

feasible

Sociallydesirable

Ecologically

viable

Sustainablesolutions


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Sustainable Development

Emphasizes the need for:

Concern for equity and fairnessensuring the rights of the poor and of future generations

Long-term viewapplying the precautionary principle

Systems thinkingunderstanding the interconnections between the

environment, economy and society


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A Goal for


To enable each individual to live life

to their full potential physical,

mental, and spiritual development

(1992 Earth Summit - Agenda 21)


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Some Core Themes of

Sustainable Development We do not inherit the earth from our

ancestors, we are borrowing it from our

children Awareness leads to appropriate action

Prevention of pollution

Conservation of natural resources (i.e.,preserving natural capital)

Systems thinking - interdependence ofall life


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More Core Themes of

Sustainable Development Those who reap the benefits of

development must bear the costs

Those who bear the costs ofdevelopment should share in thebenefits

Those affected by development mustparticipate in decision making

Engineering fixes alone do notconstitute sustainable development

Precautionary principle


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Precautionary PrincipleWhere there are threats of serious or

irreversible damage, lack of full

scientific certainty shall not be used

as a reason for postponing cost-

effective measures to prevent

environmental degradation(Agenda 21)


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Development, Poverty

and Hunger Poverty and ecosystem degradation result from

externalised environmental and social costs ofmarket transactions

Some groups are enriched at the expense of theenvironment

Key criterion for sustainable development iswhether the needs of the least advantaged, mostvulnerable members of society are met

(United Nations Environment Program, 1995)


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Poor people have limited accessto resources

Preoccupied with immediate survival,not long-term conservation

Increased pressureto exploit marginal environments

More environmental degradation

More poverty


and Hunger(Contd)


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and Hunger(Contd) Environmental conservation policies must

not aggravate poverty and hunger

Any development which significantlyimpacts natural resources can create

poverty

Excessive and wasteful use of resources

leads to poverty and hunger

Human population numbers, their

distribution, and their consumption of

resources create poverty and hunger


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The Poor and

Environmental Degradation

Environmental degradation affectspoor people most through:

polluted and unsafe water

inadequate sanitation

erosion, flooding

exposure to toxic waste

loss of local resources - food, fuel


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The Poor and Environmental

Degradation (Contd)

Reducing poverty is a

prerequisite for sustainabledevelopment


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Environment and Health

Some environmental causes of ill health: Water pollution from humans and industry

Overcrowding, especially in urban centres

Unhealthy working conditions

Modifying the natural environment, e.g:

malaria, etc. from reservoirs, irrigation

pesticide contamination from agriculture

air pollution from vehicles in big cities


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Creating Health Communities

Sustainable development must contribute to: physical, social, spiritual, and economic

well-being

safe drinking water and sanitation safe, nutritious food, and overall hygiene

adequate housing

health care services and health education disease control

lower infant mortality and longer life


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Development and

Indigenous PeoplesDevelopment has often caused nativepeoples to lose:

Means of livelihood

Ancestral land, traditions, cultural values,self-determination, dignity

Frequently the outcomes ofdevelopment are:

Unemployment

Increased poverty, ill-health, societalbreakdown, crime


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Land Use and Forestry

Conduct land use planning on awatershed (basin-wide) basis

Integrate traditional with modernmethods of land use

Preserve ecosystem values inmountains and lowlands

Prevent unsanctioned conversion offorest lands to other uses

Promote multiple use of forests


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Eliminate waste at source

Prevention in processReduction, minimization

Recycle, re-use

Treatment

Disposal

Decreasing preference

Waste Management for



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Freshwater Resources

Less than 1% of the water on earth isfreshwater

Sustainable development requires:

Adequate supplies of good quality water

Preservation of hydrological, biological,chemical functions of ecosystems

Staying within limits of water systemscapacity

Control of water-borne disease vectors

(Agenda 21)


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The Sustainable

Development Journey

Sustainable development is ajourney, not a destination

and there are no short cuts.

We have to make it a priority


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Vehicles for the Sustainable

Development Journey Visionary policies

Cross-sectoral legislation and institutions Integrated Resource and EnvironmentalManagement (IREM)

Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA)

Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA)

Environmental awareness and publicparticipation in decisions


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Concluding Thoughts (Contd)

Additional points to remember are:

Economic, social, and environmental

factors must be integrated and equitable Sustainable development becomes more

precarious as the number of

disadvantaged people increases

Sustainable development depends on

preserving healthy land and water

resources


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A Final Word

Sustainable development is a fluid conceptthat will continue to evolve over time andspace.


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References

Agenda 21 for change. The Earth Summits Agenda for change. http://www.iisd.org/rio+5/agenda/default.htmconsulted at 25 April 2006.

BUMC. 2006. Brentwood United Methodist Church. BUMC.net. http://www.bumc.net/default2.aspx?pid=19 consulted at23 April 2006.

Hamilton, C.J. 2005.Views of the Solar System. http://www.solarviews.com/browse/earth/bluemarbleeast.jpg consulted

at 23 April 2006.

Harris, J.M. 2000. Basic Principles of Sustainable Development. Global development and environment institute workingpaper 00-04. Retrieved from:http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/publications/working_papers/Sustainable%20Development.PDF at: 23 April 2006.

SD Gateway. 1999. SD Timeline. http://www.sdgateway.net/introsd/timeline.htm constulted at 25 April 2006.

SD Gateway. 2002. Characteristics.. http://www.sdgateway.net/introsd/characteristics.htm constulted at 25 April 2006.

Wright, R.T. and B.J. Nebel. 2002. Environmental Science. Toward a sustainable future. Upper Saddle River, NewJersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

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Sustainable Development Principles

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