SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL
ZONE DEVELOPMENT IN
PERU GEF Project ID 9206
Environmental and Social Management Plan Management and mitigation measures to integrate environmental and social
sustainability elements into project implementation
Table of Contents
1. Project Description ................................................................................................................ 2
1.1. Project context .............................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Environmental characteristics of the project area ........................................................ 4
Precipitation .......................................................................................................................... 4
Temperature ......................................................................................................................... 4
Relative Humidity .................................................................................................................. 5
Winds..................................................................................................................................... 5
Hydrogeology ........................................................................................................................ 6
Vegetation ............................................................................................................................. 6
Fauna ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Land use and urban zoning ................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Demography and socio-economic conditions ............................................................... 8
Socio-economic conditions ................................................................................................... 9
Main socio-economic problems ............................................................................................ 9
1.4 Socio-environmental Issues ........................................................................................ 10
Noise pollution .................................................................................................................... 11
Atmospheric emissions and air quality ............................................................................... 12
Lead Contamination ............................................................................................................ 13
River and sea pollution ........................................................................................................ 14
Solid waste management .................................................................................................... 14
2. Policy, legal, and administrative framework ....................................................................... 15
2.1 Policy Framework ........................................................................................................ 15
2.2 Legal and Administrative Framework ......................................................................... 16
2.3 Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards ............................................................. 16
2.4. Relevant international agreements ............................................................................ 18
3. Environmental and social impacts ...................................................................................... 18
3.1 Positive environmental and social impacts ................................................................. 18
3.2 Adverse socio-environmental impacts ........................................................................ 19
3.3 Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................... 23
3.4 Environmental and social sustainability monitoring ................................................... 24
3.5 Capacity Development and Stakeholder Engagement ................................................ 25
Stakeholder Engagement .................................................................................................... 25
Capacity Building ................................................................................................................. 26
3.6 Implementation of the ESMP ...................................................................................... 26
1. Project Description
1.1. Project context
The Project “Sustainable industrial zone development in Peru” focuses on the Constitutional
Province of Callao1, seat of the city of Callao, a natural port of the metropolitan city of Lima,
capital of Peru, founded in colonial times. Callao currently congregates the major industrial
infrastructures of the country, along with Peru’s most important port and airport, the Jorge
Chávez International Airport.
The Province of Callao, comprising seven districts (Fig. No 1 and 2) - including the Callao
District - has a total surface area of around 4,600 hectares, hosts 3,180 businesses (20% of the
country's manufacturing industry) and - through its port - handles around 75% of Peruvian
imports and exports. A total of 25,000 people are employed in several industrial areas
(concentrated along the Gambetta, Faucett and Argentina Avenues) covering companies from a
variety of industrial sectors, including food processing, chemicals and plastics production,
foundries and metal processing, logistics, amongst others.
Figure No 1
Map of the Constitutional Province of Callao in relation to Metropolitan Lima
Note: The new district of Mi Peru was formed from a division of the Ventanilla District in 2014.
1 The administrative and political denomination “Province of Callao” will be used in this document. This territory comprises 7 districts, including the Callao district also known as “Callao Cercado”, and its limits coincide with the jurisdiction of the Callao Region. From an environmental and resource perspective, Region and Province could be used interchangeably, but we prefer Province as urban land use zoning and other relevant environmental competencies belong to the provincial jurisdiction.
Figure No. 2
Location map of the Constitutional Province of Callao
The 2010 PRODUCE Business Directory reports eight primary industrial sectors in the Callao
District with a total of 358 companies and 14,435 employees. In the rest of the Province,
covering the District Municipalities of Bellavista, Callao, Carmen de La Legua Reynoso, La
Perla, La Punta and Ventanilla, there are 612 companies in these main sectors with almost
20,000 employees.
Industrial activities located in Callao generate a wide range of pollutants. Air emissions
(particulates, SO2, NOX) and GHG emissions from industrial activities are mainly caused by
food, fish processing, chemical, metal/foundries, plastic and textile industries due to industrial
operations with high heat requirements, inefficient technology (low tech and old technology),
losses due to bad insulation and inadequate operation and maintenance. Further inadequate
operation of cooling systems leads to the outflow of refrigerants with very high global warming
potential (GWP). Other air pollutants, acting as precursors for GHG like NMVOC, SO2, NOx
and CO have also been reported by the Regional Health Directorate (DIRESA-Callao).
Considerable PCDD/PCDF emissions are produced from inadequate combustion and untreated
emissions from, for example, the metallurgic industry. Lead pollution has been a historical
problem derived from the transport of minerals in open trucks to the port area and from these to
export containers.
1.2 Environmental characteristics of the project area
Precipitation The area is characterized as having mild precipitation, in terms of intensity and volume, which
originates from the cold oceanic mass of the Coastal Current (especially in the winter time) that
gives rise to the formation of dense layers of fog or low clouds of stratocumulus. This generates
a frequent and mild winter rain known as drizzle or garua, a type of precipitation characterized
by having a very small droplet size (less than 0.5 mm diameter).
Results from 44 years of record-keeping at the Jorge Chávez meteorological station show
periods of increased rainfall between June and September; indicating that the wet season is
concentrated in these months. This rainfall, however, never reaches a high level, but only
slightly moistens the surface soil and sometimes causes some slight flooding in paved areas and
trenches. As of October, when the dry season begins, precipitation diminished significantly,
reaching values lower than 0.1 mm/day (Table No 1).
Table No 1. Precipitation: Monthly Total Precipitation (with an average annual value of 7 mm)
Source: CORPAC S.A. – Área de Meteorología Aeronáutica, 2014.
Given low monthly and annual rainfall, the climate of the coast in Callao is considered
extremely arid, despite sporadic heavy rainfall in summer months, which are not necessarily
linked to El Niño Phenomenon or to climate change. These rare occasions have been known to
cause significant damage to people, infrastructure and services because the coastal zone and its
urban areas are not prepared for this occurrence.
Temperature The annual temperature pattern is clearly seasonal, with maximums in summer and minimums
in winter. Monthly temperatures, as recorded by the International Jorge Chavez (IJCH) station
(period 1979-2013), range from a minimum value of 16.7°C in the month of August and a
maximum value of 23.3°C in the month of February. The multiyear average in this period is
19.6°C. With respect to the average maximum temperature, it varies from 18.9°C (August) to
27.4°C (February), with high temperatures between the months of December (24.5°C) to April
(24.8°C). The average minimum temperature ranges from 15.3°C (September) to 20.6°C
(February), with a multi-year average of 17.6°C (Table No 2).
Precipitation Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Maximum 10.5 2.9 2.5 0.7 3.2 4.8 3.3 6 6.7 2.9 1.5 1.8
Average 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.4
Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Table No 2. Temperature patterns: Monthly Maximum, Minimum and Average
Source: CORPAC S.A. Área de Meteorología Aeronáutica, 2014
Relative Humidity Data from 1979 to 2013, collected by the Jorge Chávez Airport indicates values between 79.1%
and 83.4% with a multiyear average of 81.3%, close to the saturation percentage of the air
(100%). In general, there is an inverse pattern with temperature, i.e. in the dry season with
higher ambient temperatures, relative humidity is low, whilst in the wet or winter season, and
relative humidity is high. During the months of January to March the percentage of humidity is
almost constant, increasing progressively from April to November (Table No 3).
Table No 3. Relative humidity registers at the Jorge Chavez International Airport Station (IJCh) Relative
Humidity
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Maximum 86 85 86 88 90 89 88 89 88 87 87 88
Average 79.3 79.1 79.5 81.6 83.4 82.7 81.9 82.9 83.1 81.9 80.3 79.7
Minimum 74 73 72 74 75 73 72 77 79 78 76 76 Fuente CORPAC S.A. Área de Meteorología Aeronáutica, 2014
Winds The Wind Chart shows a clear dominance of southern winds prevailing throughout the 35 years
of monthly data collection from 1979 to 2013, with small variations ranging from 160°to 200
i.e. SSW-SSE (Fig. No 3). This directional uniformity of the prevailing winds is due to the
general aerial circulation coming from the South Pacific anticyclone. However, minor variations
are present throughout the year, mainly under the influence of local morning and evening
oscillations, seasonal changes and sea-land breezes.
Figure No 3
Wind Chart (IJCh)
Fuente: Dirección y velocidad del viento de la estación meteorológica Aeropuerto Internacional “Jorge Chávez
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual
Average
Max Mean
T° (°C)
26.4 27.4 26.9 24.8 22.2 20.2 19.4 19.5 19.5 20.5 22.3 24.5 22.7
Monthly
T° (°C)
22.6 23.3 22.9 21.0 19.0 17.8 17.2 16.7 16.8 17.6 19.0 21.0 19.6
Min Mean
T° (°C)
20.1 20.6 20.2 18.5 16.9 16.3 15.8 15.3 15.3 15.9 17.0 18.8 17.6
Regarding speeds, the average monthly values are between 1.6 to 5.6 m/s (3.2 to 10.9 knots).
According to the Beaufort scale, these winds are generally classified as very low intensity
winds, qualified on the scale as Breeze (very weak breezes) and Loose (light breezes). The
records of the period 1979 - 2013, have an average speed of 3.3 m/s (6.4 knots).
Hydrogeology The general hydrogeology is characterized mainly of shallow surface hydrogeological units as
well as aquifers of low to moderate depth that supply groundwater wells. These superficial and
moderate depth hydrogeological units are related to the wide Pleistocene alluvial fan deposited
by the Rimac River. Pleistocene alluvial deposits are forming the conjectures and comprise
conglomerates of intrusive and volcanic rocks, gravels, thick sands, silo-sandy and clay-loam.
These sedimentary alluvial deposits contain large aquifers of moderate depth, of the porous
type, limited in some cases by fine sediments of low to zero permeability.
Several hydrogeological studies carried out on major projects in the area, such as the expansion
of the runway at Jorge Chavez International Airport as well as the new Gambetta department
road - which includes a tunnel and the Gambetta bridge- allowed the identification of an aquifer
body corresponding to the alluvial deposits of the cone of ejection of the rivers Rímac and
Chillón, located to the South and North of the Jorge Chavez International Airport respectively.
This aquifer is characterized by being mainly of the free and porous type. The recharge of the
aquifer from alluvial deposits is generally by the direct precipitation of the rains and runoff
waters that are generated in the outcrops and foothills of the Western Cordillera located towards
the East as well as the lagoons and springs of the ravines that drain the rivers Rímac and Chillón
with a groundwater flow direction East - West through its discharge in the Pacific Ocean.
Vegetation The study area is located on the semi-desert belt of the Peruvian coast that contains a unique
area of life: the desiccated subtropical desert (dd-S) (ONERN, 1976). According to the Map of
the Peruvian Vegetation Coverage (MINAM, 2012), the project is within the areas of Coastal
and Andean Agriculture (Agri) and Ciudad (Ciu); and according to the National Forest
Patrimony Map 2010 (MINAM, 2010), it is found in the coastal desert with scarce vegetation
and coastal urban and agricultural areas.
There are three dominant vegetation units: desert plains and slopes (UV01), vegetation
associated with cultivated areas (UV02) and vegetation of parks and gardens (UV03).
A. Plains and desert slopes: the vegetation is composed of six (06) species and six (06)
families of vascular plants. The vegetation registered consists mainly of herbaceous
species with presence of weeds (invasive species) that originate from cultivated fields
nearby.
B. Vegetation associated with cultivated areas: it is located on a plain with plots of
cultivation, which at present are mostly abandoned. 21% are vegetables or fruit trees,
49% of the species are weeds (invasive plants), while the rest is coastal habitats
vegetation.
C. Vegetation of parks and gardens: 76% of recorded species are exotic, while only 20%
are native. According to their form of growth, 20% are trees, 28% are shrubs and 52%
are herbs.
Fauna The extensive conversion of the landscape into urban and agricultural land has reduced the
presence of natural fauna. Domestic animals and rats are the most abundant fauna species. Birds
are represented by migratory species and species typical of the marine coastal habitat (seagulls,
pelicans, cormorans, piqueros, guanay, amongst others).
Land use and urban zoning The Urban Zoning developed by the Regional Government of Callao, describes 9 main areas,
from residential and recreational, to industrial, logistics, commercial, etc. (Table No. 4. And
Fig. No. 5). The Ecological-Economic Zoning also provides a microzoning of the Callao
Region/Province (Fig. No. 6).
Table No 4. Main zones identified in the Callao Development Plan (2011-2022)
Relevant features, as demonstrated in figure No 5, include:
- Consolidated residential areas in the districts of La Punta, Carmen de la Legua, Bella
vista (in orange);
- A dominant industrial area along the marine coastline, parallel to the Gambetta Avenue,
three blocks towards the coastline in the Callao district and –partly- at the entrance of
the Ventanilla districts (in purple);
- A very extensive area zoned as “Other Uses” which comprises the port and airport
infrastructure (in grey);
- No environmental protection areas, except for the Ventanilla wetlands towards the north
and marginal areas in the surrounding desert slopes (in green);
- Mixed light industry, commercial and residential uses (dominantly orange), especially
in the most consolidated urban areas, with a trend towards higher densification (from
low to medium-high density, especially in the Callao district).
Fig. No 5. Callao Zoning, according to the Callao Development Plan 2011-2022
1.3 Demography and socio-economic conditions
The National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) revealed that as of June 30, 2014, the
population of the Constitutional Province of Callao was 999,976 inhabitants, distributed in the
districts of Bellavista, Callao, Carmen de la Legua Reynoso, La Perla, La Punta, Ventanilla and
the recently created Mi Peru. More than 700 thousand inhabitants reside in districts of Callao
and Ventanilla. The district of Callao is the most populated of the First Port with 410,640
inhabitants followed by Ventanilla with 355,830 inhabitants. The district of La Perla has 59,518
inhabitants, Mi Peru 56,371 inhabitants, Carmen de la Legua Reynoso 41,431 inhabitants and
La Punta 3,521 inhabitants.
The gender ration of the total population of the First Port consists of 50.2% (501,950) women
and 49.8% (498,026) men. In all the provincial jurisdiction, the resident population is
considered exclusively urban. According to INEI, since 2010, population growth rates in all
districts of Callao are negative, with the exception of the Ventanilla district, projecting that in
the year 2015 its population will surpass that of the Callao district. The INEI projections for the
year 2014 show a decrease in the child population and a tendency for the adult and older adult
population to increase.
Of every 100 inhabitants of the Constitutional Province of Callao, 40 are between 30 and 59
years old. By age group, the majority of the population is between 30 and 59 years old with
400,619 inhabitants (40.1%), followed by the population groups from 18 to 29 years of age with
203,615 inhabitants (20.4%), aged 60 and over with 106,587 inhabitants (10.7%), 12 to 17 years
of age with 98,120 inhabitants (9.8%), from 6 to 11 years old with 96, 629 (9.6%) and 0-5 years
old with 94, 606 inhabitants (9.5%). Four districts of Callao concentrate the greater proportion
of the minor population: the districts Mi Peru, Ventanilla, Callao and Carmen de la Legua
Reynoso have the largest proportion of the population under 18 years of age.
Socio-economic conditions
In 2013 in the Constitutional Province of Callao 14 out of 100 people were considered poor.
The incidence of poverty in the year 2013, reached 13.5% of its population, which represented a
reduction of 5.2 percentage points compared to the year 2012, where 18.7% of its population
had this condition.
In the year 2013, 94.0% of the households had potable water by public network, an increase of
2.1 percentage points compared to the year 2012, which registered coverage of this service of
91.9%. On the other hand, 99.4% of households in Callao have public lighting, followed by
0.3% using candles. In the year 2013, 92.3% of the households use gas for the preparation of
their food.
According to the latest census, the predominant educational level is the secondary school, which
has reached more than a third of the population. Primary education and non-university higher
education continue in order of importance, each accounting for about 20.0% of the total. The
proportion of people with university education in the Constitutional Province of Callao and in
the district Callao, skirts 15.0% in each case. The most important changes in the intercensal
period 1993-2007 correspond to the population with primary education (whose proportion
decreased by approximately 10 percentage points) and to secondary education, which decreases
between 4 and 5 percentage points. On the contrary, the proportion of people without
educational level doubles, while access to non-university and university higher education is
experiencing a general increase.
The 2007 census showed that the illiteracy rate was very low (1.6%), and that, in terms of
gender, there were strong asymmetries to the detriment of women. However, these figures
allowed Callao to be classified as a territory free from illiteracy.
The Regional Directorate of Health of Callao (DIRESA Callao) designs, proposes, executes and
evaluates health care policies in Callao. It is in charge of 47 health facilities, distributed in 3
networks: BEPECA Health Network (Bellavista, La Perla and Callao), Red Bonilla and Red
Ventanilla. The Constitutional Province of Callao has 3 hospitals: Daniel Alcides Carrión
Hospital, San José Hospital and Ventanilla Hospital, which are technically and normatively
dependent on DIRESA Callao. The BEPECA Health Network is a decentralized body of
DIRESA Callao. It is responsible for conducting, organizing and managing health services,
coordinating with other state sectors and local authorities. To fulfill this responsibility, it has 15
health establishments, organized in 4 micro-grids, on which health centers and posts depend.
Main socio-economic problems The district of Callao has nearly half of the Economically Active Population (PEA) of the
province, whilst a third corresponds to the population of Ventanilla (Table No 5). In the
Province of Callao, out of 100 people of working age (from 14 up), 56 people are effectively
active, either as employed or looking for occupation, with 53 people in paid employment. The
other part of the population is unemployed or out of the labour force. 58 people out of 100
perform activities as an employee or worker in the private sector. 48 out of 100 people work in
small production units.
Table No 5. PEA indicators in Callao districts, 2007
Description Province Bellavista Callao Carmen
de la
Legua
La
Perla
La
Punta
Ventanilla
Rate of activity or
economic participation
55.7 52.9 55.3 56.3 53.8 52.0 57.8
Ratio
employment/population
53.3 50.6 52.8 54.2 51.2 50.1 55.3
Rate of paid
employment
58.2 63.4 59.1 59.1 64.3 56.0 53.6
Rate of self
employment or
employment in MYPEs
47.9 37.0 47.5 47.1 36.2 28.6 54.8
Unemployment rate 4.4 -- -- -- -- -- --
Vulnerable
employment rate
19.6 10.2 19.2 22.2 10.3 6.0 24.9
% of people doing
homecaring
25.7 24.1 26.15 10.8 23.6 18.0 26.2
Crime and violence are a major social problem in the Province of Callao, the homicide rate
reaches the highest level between 15-29 years of age (30.9 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants)
and decreases quite rapidly in the older age groups. National indicators show homicide rates for
the same age group of 9.3 homicides per 100 thousand inhabitants (approximately a third of
Callao rates). By 2014, 30.6% of the population aged 15 and over in the Province of Callao
were victims of some criminal offense, a figure reduced by 11.3 percentage points compared to
2011. In the period January - September 2015, this percentage reached 33.0%.
1.4 Socio-environmental Issues
According to the environmental diagnosis of the Callao Environmental Planning and
Assessment Plan – PLANEFA (2017), the main environmental problems in Callao are:
Urbanization processes and their impacts on the environment
Inadequate provision of basic sanitation services
Inadequate final disposal of solid waste
Conflicts arising from unclear environmental competences
Inadequate environmental habits of the population
Air and noise pollution
Contamination by lead and other heavy metals
Loss of natural ecosystems
Contamination of the Callao Bay
Some of these issues are driven by structural causes or environmental pressures (e.g.
urbanization, inadequate habits, inadequate solid waste management), whilst others are
environmental effects or impacts (loss of habitats, pollution, etc.).
The most relevant to the project are described below.
Noise pollution In Callao noise pollution occurs in different places with different intensities. Identified sources
include industry, automotive traffic, air traffic, ambulatory commerce, construction.
Industrial noise pollution varies considerably, depending on the type of industrial activity. This
kind of noise, produced by machines of all kinds, increases parallel to the power of the
machines. Higher noise levels are commonly caused by fans, steam pressure relief valves, or by
stamping and riveting machines or tools. Industrial noise impacts employees within their
working environment and has dramatic effects. This problem is mainly related to specific
industries (textiles, metal-mechanics, packaging, etc.). Noise levels oscillate between 80 and
112 dB, with the lowest levels in the urbanizations Bocanegra, Grimanesa, Santa Beatriz,
Marquez Oeste, and higher levels along the avenues: Nestor Gambetta, Argentina, Elmer
Faucett, among others.
Noise by vehicles is mainly produced by engines: the noise level of traffic is aggravated by the
proportion of heavy vehicles which, together with mopeds, tend to produce a noise
approximately two times more intense than that caused by cars. In automotive traffic, noise
ranges from 70 to 140 dB. The main roads of Cercado del Callao have noise levels that exceed
the limits allowed (between 72 to 74 DBA and 75 to 78 DBA), mainly due to vehicular
congestion at peak times.
Air traffic has also caused serious noise problems in the community. Jorge Chávez International
Airport, aircraft traffic is responsible for the high noise levels affecting the population of the
districts of Bellavista, Carmen de la Legua and surroundings: a Jet aircraft on average generates
noise between 140 and 150 dB.
Data for environmental noise reported by the Environmental Affairs Directorate of the Ministry
of Transport for the buffer area around the airport, show daily values ranging from the lowest
52.4 dB(A) in the Juan XXIII Park to the highest 71.2 dB(A) in the Venezuela Avenue, close to
an industrial area, and slightly lower values during night time (Table No.5). Noise levels are
slightly higher than the national standards for the Gambetta area during the night (RA5, RA6,
RA7, see Table No. 6). Noise levels are site-specific and appropriate measurements need to be
taken in order to assess their incidence in the study area.
Table No 6. Noise levels in the Callao province
Atmospheric emissions and air quality Pollution in Callao comes from two main sources: industry and motor vehicles. It is primarily
associated with inefficient industrial processes and obsolete manufacturing technologies, as well
as the informal and chaotic transport system, both for logistics and individual purposes. The
type of fuel –dominantly dirty diesel- influences air quality. Air quality is influenced negatively
by the scarcity of green areas, which reduces dust particle capture as well as the oxygenation
potential provided by trees; and positively by the close presence of sea winds, which promotes
pollutants dispersal. The distribution of pollutants in Callao responds to the south and southwest
winds that disperse pollutants from the sea towards the continent (south-north direction); and
the thermal inversion that makes contaminants dispersion towards the upper atmosphere more
limited.
The quality of air in Callao is being deteriorated due to the growth, antiquity and lack of
maintenance of the vehicle fleet. It is worth mentioning that progressively the automotive fleet
is migrating to environmentally friendlier options such as the use of CNG and LPG. This
change has generated the opening of 152 service stations and 219 authorized conversion
workshops.
There is no air quality monitoring network which allows the consistent and permanent
monitoring of air quality parameters. Measurements at the DIRESA 1 station in 2015 (the only
monitoring point), show levels of PM10, SO2 and NOx below national standards; only PM2.5 is
slightly higher than the national standard during the summer months (Table No.7). This pattern
repeats itself for the specific measurements in 2016 and 2017 (MINSA, 2017).
Table N. 7. Monthly pollutants concentrations (2015). Estación D1 DIRESA Callao.
Air saturation studies carried out by DIGESA in 2000 and 2011, show that all parameters (SO2,
NOx, PM10, ozone, bencene) are within the national air quality standards (ECAs) in Callao, but
do exceed the WHO guidelines. An exception is PM2.5 which does exceed national ECAs
(DIEGSA, 2012). Total Suspended Particle Levels (PTS) also exceed WHO ambient air quality
standards (120 mg / m3) at all stations sampled, showing higher values during the winter period
than in the summer.
The Ministry of Health mapped a number of critical points and their pollution sources (Table
No. 8) and estimated the most exposed populations (Table No 9). Almost 200,000 people are
estimated to be exposed to air pollution.
Table No 8. Critical air pollution points in Callao
Point Risk to the population and the environment
Av. Gambetta, Carretera
Ventanilla
Intensive light and heavy vehicular flow, generates
emissions of particulate matter and gases
Av. Faucett, Av. La Marina,
Av. Pacasmayo
Intensive light and moderately intensive heavy
vehicular flow, generates emissions of particulate
matter and gases
Av. Argentina Intensive light vehicular flow, and moderate heavy
vehicles generates emissions of particulate matter and
gases
Av. Colonial Intensive light vehicle flow
Table No 9. Potentially exposed populations to air pollution from industrial areas in Callao
Industrial
area
Main Characteristics Nearby
urbanizations
Exposed population
(nr of inhabitants )
Oquendo
industrial
zone
It hosts various industries of
fiber, textiles, food, smelting,
fishing, chemical inputs,
hydrocarbons. Possible emission
of VOC particulate matter
AA.HH: Marquez,
Oquendo, Santa
Beatriz, Faucett
18,000
Los
Ferroles
Industrial
Zone
It mainly hosts fishing industry,
pesticides, Arenado
Urb. 200 Millas,
Faucett
26,000
Argentina
Industrial
Area
It houses a variety of large and
medium-sized industries
including: tire manufacturing,
food, grain storage, chemical
products, mattresses. Possible
emissions of particulate matter
and gases.
Urb. R. Castilla,
Gambetta, Santa
Cruz, Miguel Grau,
Reynoso, Villa Sr.
De los Milagros
80,000
Bocanegra
Industrial
Area
It has a diversity of industry
including plastics, food,
metallurgy, coffee processing.
Possible generation of
particulate matter and gases.
Urb.
Sesquicentenario,
Aeropuerto,
Bocanegra, Santa
Rosa
60,000
Lead Contamination Of all environmental problems of Callao, lead contamination is the most serious. It arises from
the transport of mineral cargo from past decades, when no environmental controls were in place.
Since 2014, the Consortium Transportadora Callao has put into operation the Mineral
Conveyor Belt, thereby eliminating the transit of trucks transporting mineral cargo from
deposits to the port of Callao, and reducing lead contamination. Studies carried out by DIGESA
and the United States International Development Agency - USAID in 2009, showed high levels
of lead in the children of Callao, especially in the Educational Institution "Maria Reiche" and
the AAHH Puerto Nuevo, as well as nearby settlements such as Ciudadela Chalaca, Barrio
Frigorífico, Chacaritas, San Juan Bosco and Annexes. Some estimates point to more than 200
hectares contaminated by lead throughout the province, which constitute an environmental
liability yet to be addressed.
River and sea pollution Monitoring for lead in the Rímac river, carried out by DIGESA from 2001-2010, show no
presence of metals in the upper watershed and increasing levels in the medium and lower
watershed, approaching the port: a number of monitoring sites exceed national river quality
standards. In the lower basin, the river also receives inputs of solid waste from domestic and
industrial sources, as well as construction residues and liquid discharges.
The same situation applies to the marine coastal area, which also receives residues and effluents
from port activities, including ballast waters. Industrial discharges from the fishing factories,
chemical sites, food industry and others, create an intensive pressure on the quality of marine
waters and ecosystems.
The new Taboada treatment plant treats 14 m3/s of domestic sewage and has certainly improved
the situation, but it does not provide a solution for industrial effluents. There is no specific
information on industrial wastewater treatment facilities within individual companies located in
the area.
Solid waste management The Callao Province produces approximately 280,660 T/yr of domestic solid waste, with a per
capita production of 0.62 kg/habitant/day (Table No10). Consistent volumes of hazardous solid
waste from industrial origin are also produced (Table No11), however there is no updated
registry of its production and management.
Table No10. Domestic solid waste production in Callao, 2016.
District Population Year 2016
2007 2016 Per capita
production
(kg/hab/day)
Domestic
production
(ton/day )
Callao 415,888 406,760 0.718 292.05
Bellavista 75,163 71,859 0.670 48.15
C. de la Legua 41,863 40,765 0.540 22.01
La Perla 61,698 58,917 0.520 30.64
La Punta 4,370 3,270 0.690 2.26
Ventanilla 277,895 446,573 0.550 245.62
Total Provincial 876,877 1 028,144 0.615 640.73 Fuente: Estadisticas de Caracterización de los Residuos Sólidos Domiciliarios en la Provincia Constitucional del
Callao 2013/ PIGARS 2013.
Table No11. Hazardous industrial waste production, 2007
Type of waste
Volume
T/year
Percentage
(%)
Used oils 1700.70 2.77
Sand and slag 14863.40 24.18
Sawdust 108.60 0.18
Unused Batteries 2602.60 4.23
Plastics contaminated by chemical products 1135.90 1.85
Hazardous waste polluted cartons 892.50 1.45
Tóners and cartridges 3.10 0.01
Polluted metallic cylinders 1276.60 2.08
Filters and Fluorescents 100.80 0.16
Muds 7478.40 12.17
Rests of textiles polluted by solvents and adhesives 20102.90 32.70
Containers polluted by hazardous waste 1313.70 2.14
Rests of chemical products 9092.30 14.79
Other residues 796.90 1.30
TOTAL 61468.40 100.00
Fuente: Dirección de Asuntos Ambientales de Industria. Ministerio de la Producción 2008.
2. Policy, legal, and administrative framework
2.1 Policy Framework
Política de Estado N° 19- Desarrollo Sostenible y Gestión Ambiental, 2004
Ley N° 27867 Ley orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales, su modificatoria Ley N° 27902.
Diciembre 2002.
Ley General del Ambiente. N° 28611 / Junio 2005
D.S. N° 12-09-MINAM;Política Nacional del Ambiente en Perú; /2009
Decreto supremo N 011-2015-Minam; Plan estratégico de Cambio Climático; / 23-09-
2015
D.S. N° 011-2015-MINAM. Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático / 23-09-2015
R.M. N°161- 2016 – MINAM; Lineamientos de Crecimiento Verde/ 2016
D.S. N° 013-2015-produce; Plan Nacional de diversificación productiva /15-11-2014
Ley N°30078 Ley que promueve el desarrollo de parques industriales tecno
ecológicos/21-08-2013
2.2 Legal and Administrative Framework
Constitución Política del Perú; Art. 2do ; 1993
Ley N°27446; Sistema Nacional de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SEIA) / 23 – 04-
2001
Ley N° 28245 Ley Marco del Sistema nacional de gestión Ambiental (SNGA) / 4 – 06 -
2004.
D.S. N°008-2005 - PCM ; Reglamento de la Ley Marco del SNGA. / 28 – 01 - 2005
Decreto legislativo N° 1013 Creación del Ministerio del Ambiente y del Organismo de
Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental; / 13 -05- 2008
Ley N°29968; Ley de Creación del Senace/ 12-12- 2012
Ley N°29325; Ley de Sistema Nacional de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental / 01-
03-2009
Ley N° 30011; Ley que modifica la ley 29325, Ley del Sistema Nacional de Evaluación
y Fiscalización Ambiental./ 26-04-2013
Decreto Legislativo N° 1013 Ley de creación, organización y funciones del Ministerio
del Ambiente, y del Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental / 13-05-2005
Decreto legislativo N° 1039. Decreto que modifica disposiciones del Decreto legislativo
1013/ 25-06-2008
Decreto supremo N° 022-2009-MINAM, Reglamento de Organización y Funciones del
Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental /14-12-2009
Resolución Ministerial N° 268-2011- PRODUCE, que declara concluido en su totalidad
el proceso de transferencia de funciones sectoriales al Gobierno Regional del
Callao./22-09-2011
Resolución Ministerial N° 393-2003- PRODUCE a través del cual el vice ministerio de
Pesquería delega en las direcciones regionales de producción la facultad de resolver
procedimientos relacionados a la calificación de Declaración de Impacto Ambiental./
17-10-2003
DS Nº 005-2017-MINAM. Aprueban Plan de acción para la implementación de las
recomendaciones de la Evaluación de Desempeño Ambiental del Perú./ 21 – 06 - 2017
2.3 Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards
Ley N°27345 Law to Promote the Efficient Use of Energy / 05-09-2000
D. S. 087-2004-PCM Reglamento de Zonificación Ecológica y Económica 23-12-2004
Ley N° 28611: Ley General del Ambiente./ 13-10-2005
D.S. N° 44-98-PCM. Reglamento Nacional para la aprobación de los estándares de
calidad ambiental y límites máximo permisibles. / 06-11-1998
Decreto Legislativo N° 757 Ley Marco para el crecimiento de la inversión privada./ 13-
11-1991
Decreto supremo N° 074 – 2001 – PCM Reglamento de estándares nacionales de
calidad ambiental para aire/22-06-2001
Decreto Supremo N° 085 -2003 -PCM Reglamento de Estandares Nacionales de calidad
ambiental para ruido / 30-10-2003.
D.S N° 003-2008- MINAM. Estándares de Calidad Ambiental para Aire/21-08-2008
Decreto Supremo N° 069-2003-PCM "Establecen Valor Anual de Concentración de
Plomo"./ 15-07 - 2003
D.S N° 047-2001-MTC, aprueba los Límites Máximos Permisibles de emisiones, para
vehículos automotores que circulan en la red vial./ 30-10-2001
Decreto Supremo N° 062-2010-EM que aprueba los Límites Máximos Permisibles para
las emisiones gaseosas y de partículas de las actividades de hidrocarburos./ 15-10-2010
Resolución Directoral N° 280-2007-MEM/AAM que aprueba la “Guía para la
Evaluación de impactos en la calidad de aire para actividades minero -”/ 07-09-2007.
Resolución Ministerial N° 315-96-EM/VMM “Aprueba niveles máximos permisibles
de elementos y compuestos presentes en emisiones gaseosas provenientes de las
unidades minero metalúrgicas/.19-07-1996.
Decreto Supremo Nº 003-2002-PRODUCE “Aprueban Límites Máximos Permisibles y
valores referenciales para las actividades industriales de cemento, cerveza, curtiembre,
papel”./ 04 -10- 2002
DS Nº 017-2015-PRODUCE. Aprueban Reglamento de Gestión Ambiental de la
Producción Manufacturera y Comercio Interno. Diario El Peruano,/ 06 -06- 2015.
RM Nº 435-2015-PRODUCE. Plan Estratégico Sectorial Multianual 2016-2021,
PESEM./ 30-12-2015
Decreto Legislativo N° 1278 Nueva Ley de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos / 23-
12-2016
Decreto Supremo N° 017-2015- PRODUCE Aprueban el Reglamento de Gestión
Ambiental para la Industria Manufacturera y Comercio Interno/ 06-06-2015
Decreto supremo N° 015-2015-MINAM; Modifican los estándares de calidad
Ambiental para agua y establecen disposiciones complementarias para su aplicación./
19-12-2015
Decreto Supremo N° 004-2017-MINAM; Aprueban Estándares de calidad de agua y
establecen disposiciones complementarias / 06-06-2017
Ordenanza Municipal N° 030-2016 ; Modifican la Ordenanza N° 000037, que aprobó la
política Ambiental del Callao y crean el Sistema Local de Gestión Ambiental y la
Comisión Ambiental Municipal del Callao / 25-11-2016
Ordenanza Nº 000021-2013- GORE Callao; Aprueban el “Plan Regional de Igualdad
de Género 2013 – 2021 de la Región Callao / 17-12-2013
Ordenanza Nº 000003-2013; GORE -Callao; Aprueban el Plan de acción ambiental del
callao 2013 – 2021/ 18-01-2013
Ordenanza municipal 018-2016 Aprueban el Plan de desarrollo Local Concertado de la
Provincia Constitucional del Callao 2016 – 2021. /19-07-2016
Resolución de Alcaldia N° 131-2017-MPC – AL Aprueba el Plan Anual de
Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental de la Municipalidad Provincial del Callao para el
año 2017 / 07-02-2017
Resolución N° 000041-2015-GORE CALLAO .- PLANEFA 2015/ 05-01-2015
Decreto Regional N° 000003-2015-GOBIERNO REGIONAL DEL CALLAO .- Grupo
Técnico Regional para la Prevención de la Contaminación por metales pesados en el
distrito de Ventanilla/ 12-06-2015
Decreto Regional Nº 000010-2011/GORE CALLAO .- GRUPOS TÉCNICOS
REGIONALES - CAR CALLAO./16-12-2011
Decreto de Consejo directivo N° 015-2001-CD/CONAM Creación de la Comisión
Ambiental Regional Callao / 26-07-2001
Decreto Regional N° 000004 GORE Callao, Reglamento y Conformación de la
comisión Ambiental Regional del Callao / 26-07-2011
Ordenanza Regional N° 008-2004 – Región Callao – CR; Crean el Sistema Regional de
Gestión Ambiental / 19-05-2004
Decreto Regional N° 000007 GORE Callao crean Grupo Tecnico Regional de Cambio
Climático y Diversidad Biológica del Callao, estableciéndose su finalidad, objetivos,
funciones y las instituciones que lo integran/ 05-09-2011
2.4. Relevant international agreements
Convention of the World Meteorological Organization (1950)
Convenio de Viena para la protección de la capa de Ozono (1985)
Protocolo de Montreal relativo a sustancias agotadoras de la capa de Ozono (1967)
Convenio Macro de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climático (1992)
Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación en los Países
afectados por Sequía Grave o desertificación (1994)
Protocolo de Kyoto de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre cambio
Climático (1997)
Acuerdo de París sobre el clima (COP21) (2015).
Convenio de Minamata (2013).
Convenio de Basilea sobre Movimientos Transfronterizos y Eliminación de los
Desechos Peligrosos, de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) (1989)
Convenio de Estocolmo sobre contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (2001)
Convenio de Rotterdam (2005)
3. Environmental and social impacts
3.1 Positive environmental and social impacts
The project will generate the following benefits:
The use of low-carbon technologies and the implementation of preventive energy
efficiency measures in production processes in IZ companies will significantly reduce
energy consumption. Direct benefits include lower consumption of fuels, including dirty
diesel and, indirectly, improved air quality.
The substitution of toxic chemicals and optimized processing through training and
improved business models on chemicals management will have a positive effect on the
health of the workforce, and help ensure better working conditions. It will also
contribute to a reduction in hazardous waste production and will indirectly benefit
ecosystem health and quality.
Reduction of air emissions through optimized processes will contribute to an
improvement in environmental (air) quality, thus improving the health conditions of
local populations.
The reduction of volumes of hazardous and other industrial waste, as well as the
reduction of soil, water, air pollution through improvement in waste and wastewater
management and disposal practices by the Callao companies, will contribute to reduce
environmental pressures on local and regional ecosystems and habitats.
Promoting clean and low-carbon technologies will furthermore facilitate the creation of
a market for these products and multiply their economic and environmental benefits
resulting in generation of livelihood, special expertise and health benefits.
Inclusive socio-economic projects and other investments will improve local services,
increase standards of living of the surrounding area and improve relationships with local
populations.
Future management of the industrial zone, according to sustainability criteria, will
improve companies´ reputation and their relationship with different stakeholders,
including local and national authorities, local population, shareholders and investors. It
will also contribute to an increase in the economic value of industrial land in Callao and
surrounding areas.
The employees of the participating companies will benefit from access to capacity
building trainings, and improved working conditions, including improved gender
equality, health and safety. Their community will have access to cleaner air and less
pollution from solid wastes, resulting in a better quality of life. Additionally, through
community outreach initiatives, the local community will be able to interact and engage
with companies in the industrial zone and jointly develop solutions to societal- and
environmental-problems.
The local, regional, and national government agencies will benefit from streamlined and
optimised policy frameworks to support sustainable industrial zone development. They
will gain access to capacity building trainings, lessons learned from international good
practices and new tools (such as risk assessment and evaluation tools for monitoring
company performance). Additionally, the government will benefit from strengthened
stakeholder collaboration (public-private) and increased compliance with national
regulations on behalf of companies.
The results of the project, in terms of reductions in GHG emissions and effective policy
development will feed into UNIDO's global knowledge pool, to enable replication first
within Peru and then in other countries. By scaling-up and mainstreaming this approach,
the project will trigger wider adoption of clean and low-carbon technologies, translating
into greater reductions in GHG emissions.
In general, the main economic benefits are increased productivity and cost savings due to
reductions in waste disposal, resource and energy consumption and increased competitiveness.
Improving IZ operations through resource-efficient and cleaner production, companies in Callao
will improve their competitiveness. This means that these companies will appear more
successful in both national and international markets, with supplier companies also benefiting.
Optimized IZ companies will also be more attractive, a consequence of which will be the
attraction of a better-qualified workforce and, in particular, international investors.
Development of a governance structure, to be implemented by the Technical Unit in Callao
would increase collaboration and trust between key stakeholders (e.g. industries, local and
regional authorities, national government agencies, local community). These collaborations will
be the basis to work more constructively towards effective risk management, knowledge
sharing, maintenance management, improved planning of industrial activities, identification and
implementation of cleaner production and industrial synergies, and tailored training and
awareness raising efforts in Callao.
3.2 Adverse socio-environmental impacts
Activities that may affect the environment during the organization and implementation of the
sustainable industrial zone of the Constitutional province of Callao were identified (Table No
12). After selecting the main environmental factors to be considered (Table 13), a cause-effect
matrix was prepared (Table 14).
Table No. 12. Main project activities and their environmental effects
Implementation Phase Operational Phase Closing Phase
Machinery movement
Transit of heavy vehicles and
transport of materials
Implementation of small
works
Generation of demolition and
construction waste
Increased transit of heavy
vehicles
Physical presence of the
enterprise
Productive process:
technological or process
adaptation/optimization
Generation of solid waste, inc.
hazardous residues
Generation of liquid effluents
Generation of gaseous
emissions
Extraction of groundwater
Generation of demolition
waste
Unemployment
Cessation of activities
Table No 13. Environmental factors
Table No14. Interaction Matrix (Project Activities vs Environmental Factors)
Environmental Factors Impacting Activities in the implementation phase
Increase in
Heavy Load
Vehicles
Transit
Increase in
Heavy Load
Vehicles
Transit and
Materials/eq
uipment
Transport
Small
works
Demolition and
construction
work waste
Physical
Environment
Superficial waters X
Soil and subsoil X X X
Air X X X X
Noise levels X X
Biological
Environment
Fauna X
Flora X
Anthropic
Environment
Population X X X
Economy X X X
Infrastructure X X
Physical Environment
Superficial waters
Soil and subsoil
Air
Noise level
Biological Environment
Flora
Fauna
Anthropic environment
Population
Economy
Infrastructure
Other factors
Landscape
Social Perception
Occupational health
Other factors Landscape X X
Social Perception X X X X
Occupational
health
X X X
Environmental Factors Impacting Activities in the implementation phase
Impact
Impact Positive Negative/
Significance
Direct/ Indirect
Physical
Environment
Superficial and
subterranean
waters
Alteration in
quality and
quantity
Negative / Low
Importance
Direct
Soil and subsoil Alteration in
quality
Negative / Medium
Importance
Direct
Air Alteration in
quality
Negative / Medium
Importance
Direct and indirect
Noise Increase in noise
levels
Negative / Medium
Importance
Direct and indirect
Biological
Environment
Fauna Avifauna
alteration
Negative / No
importance
Direct
Flora Change in Green
areas
Negative / No
importance
Direct
Anthropic
Environment
Population Change in transit
flows;
Increase in local
migrations
Negative / Low
Importance
Indirect
Economy Employment
Generation
Increase in
commerce and
services
Positive Indirect
Infrastructure Increase in big
scale
infrastructure
Negative / No
importance
Direct and indirect
Other factors Landscape Landscape
changes
Negative / No
importance
Indirect
Social Perception Risk in
expectations of
relocation and
employment
generation
Negative / No
importance
Indirect
Occupational
health
Increased risk of
occupational
related diseases
Negative /Medium
importance
Direct
Environmental Factors Impacting activities in the Operational Phase
Equi
pmen
t and
mach
inery
move
ment
s
Physic
al
Presen
ce of
Compa
ny
Product
ive
process
Solid
waste
producti
on
Liquid
dischar
ges
(sewage
)
Air
emission
s
Subterr
anean
water
extracti
on
Physical
Environment
Superficia
l and
subterrane
an waters
X X X X
Soil and
subsoil
X X X X
Air X X X X
Noise
levels
X X
Biological
Environment
Flora X X X
Fauna X X X
Anthropic
Environment
Populatio
n
X X
Economy X X
Infrastruct
ure
X X
Other factors Landscape X X X X X
Social
perception
X X X X X
Occupatio
n health
X X X X X X
Environmental Factors Impacting activities in the Operation Phase
Impact Condition
Impact Positive/Negative
Significance
Direct /
Indirect
Physical
Environment
Superficial and
subterranean waters
Changes in quality
and quantity
Negative / Low
Importance
Direct
Soil and subsoil Quality changes Negative / Low
Importance
Direct
Air Increase in noise
levels
Negative / Low
Importance
Direct e
indirect
Noise levels Quality changes Increase in the level
of noise
Direct e
indirect
Biological
Environment
Fauna Changes in avifauna Negative / No
importance
Direct
Flora Green áreas changes Negative / No
importance
Direct
Anthropic
Environment
Population Vehicular flow
changes
Increase in local
migrations
Negative / Low
Importance
Indirect
Economy Employment
generation
Increase in
commerce and
services
Negative / Low
Importance
Indirect
Infrastructure Increase in big scale
infrastructures
Negative / Low
Importance
Direct &
indirect
Other factors Landscape Landscape alterations Negative / Low
Importance
Indirect
Social Perception Risks related to
relocation
expectations and
employment
generation
Negative / Low
Importance
Indirect
Occupational health Changes in industrial
workers health
Negative/ Medium
importance
Direct
Potential adverse impacts of the project include:
Increase in noise levels
Air pollution
Changes in soil quality
Production of solid waste, including chemical waste
Changes in local landscape.
The section below identifies the main mitigation measures suggested for each impact. These
measures are general, as project and site specific actions will have to be defined according to the
particular industrial conversion project that will be implemented. If major process changes will
be implemented, or major technological investments will be carried out, the company will have
to update the relevant applicable environmental instrument (DIA, EIA, PAMA, PMA)
according to national regulations. This implies identifying and applying appropriate
environmental and social prevention and mitigation measures in order to minimize impacts, as
well as monitoring their performance.
3.3 Mitigation Measures
Most mitigation measures are related to preventing or reducing environmental risks within
manufacturing processes and will therefore have to be carried out by individual companies. The
table below lists the general actions that need to be taken. A project specific environmental and
social management assessment and plan will have to be carried out during project
implementation at each manufacturing site where pilot demonstration projects will be
implemented.
Table No. 15. Main mitigation measures for identified impacts
Impact Mitigation measure Mitigation
Technology/
Procedure
Responsibility Timeline Cost
Generation of
noise
Perform preventive and periodic
maintenance to the machinery and
equipment used in order to ensure its
good condition by controlling its
noise level through Reviews
Techniques.
Prohibit the unnecessary use of
sirens or other sources of noise, with
the aim of
preventing increase of noise levels
Routine
preventive control
and safety
procedure guide
Companies The
entire
Project
life
N.D
Generation of
gases
Establish operational controls
(periodic technical revisions) to
ensure that sources do not emit
combustion gases that raise
concentration of pollutants in the air
above RCTs.
Perform preventive and periodic
maintenance of the machinery and
equipment to be used to ensure their
good condition and reduce
emissions.
Transport the removed or
construction material safely,
Protect with a cover or canvas that
limits and controls emissions of dust.
Moisten the work area when
necessary to avoid
possible dust generation as a result
of the movement of
machinery
Routine
preventive control
and safety
procedure guide
Companies The
entire
Project
life
N.D
Changes in Soil
quality
Ensure that no fuel handling and
lubricating manoeuvres are
performed in the area when these
can be performed in facilities near
Routine
preventive control
and safety
procedure guide
Companies The
entire
Project
life
N.D
the project.
In case it is necessary to refuel a
minor equipment (for example, a
roller), protective measures must be
applied to avoid environmental
accidents through the use of metal or
plastic trays.
Develop a Contingency protocol to
deal with possible spills.
Additionally, maintain appropriate
fire extinguishers in the work area.
Maintenance and repair of vehicles
and equipment with internal
combustion engines shall be carried
out outside the work area, in duly
authorized workshops.
Solid waste
generation
Implement a recycling program and
optimize use of materials and sub-
products
Promote the valorization and
commercialization of solid waste
Management plan Companies The
entire
Project
life
N-D
Landscape Limit activities to the industrial zone
and respect urban parameters
Management plan Local and
national
government
The
entire
Project
life
N.D
N.D. Not defined, An assessment of cost can only be done with detailed manufacturing process information related to volumes and
types of materials, emissions, waste, effluents to be managed
3.4 Environmental and social sustainability monitoring
As baseline environmental quality information is very limited for Callao, it is suggested that the
project strengthen national capacities for environmental data collection during its
implementation. This would allow to estimate the real extent and gravity of environmental
problems and would support the deployment of the provincial and district governments´
resources for improving local environmental monitoring and management.
It would also be useful to carry out a Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) such as the Ecorisk
assessment developed in the early 1990´s for the area, in order to quantify health risks related to
pollution and their impact on economic activities. Alliance with the Ministry of Health through
the local DIRESA and a national NGO/University would provide the scientific knowledge for
its deployment.
Such studies would be the basis for improving the quality of the environmental instruments
designed by the district and provincial environmental management Directions of Callao
(Agenda Ambiental, PLANEFA) which suffer from loss of legitimacy because of their poor
design and implementation.
A basic environmental monitoring scheme could also be carried out during project
implementation for the general area and for specific companies (Table No. 15 and 16). In order
to improve environmental quality and aesthetic characteristics of the area, it is also suggested
that a vegetation and green areas plan de designed for the IZ and its surrounding areas. Its
development should be carried out by the Callao district and provincial governments, in
collaboration with local companies, including the airport and port concessionaries.
Main responsibility for the actions proposed lies with the PMU, in collaboration with national
Executing Partners.
Table No 15. Environmental Monitoring Scheme
Environmental
aspects
Monitoring
Location
Frequency Main concept
Air Quality: dust Site and access road Biannually Sample taking and analyses
Air Quality: PM 10
& PM 2.5
Site and access road Biannually Sample taking and analyses
Noise Site and access road Monthly Monitoring costs
TOTAL
Table No 16. Companies´ site specific measures
Waste and
Hazardous Waste
Management
Site Quarterly Preparation and submission of
generation report (each company)
Traffic Management Access road Quarterly Training on traffic management
and transit for industry personnel
Solid Waste disposal Site Biannually Supervision and surveillance of
adequate disposal
Emergency
monitoring
Site Monthly Preventive training for industries
personnel
Social/labor
recruitment
Site Biannually Induction training within
industries
3.5 Capacity Development and Stakeholder Engagement
Stakeholder Engagement The Stakeholder Engagement Strategy encompasses the development of activities with the
purpose of establishing a fluent communication with stakeholders, in order to motivate their
participation by expressing their perceptions and providing recommendations on project
activities.
The dimension of the project implies a medium level of exposure that requires a communication
strategy in order to avoid and manage conflicts with stakeholders. On the other hand, the great
diversity of interest groups involved demands differentiated relationship strategies, as these
include neighborhood groups, NGOs, producers associations, unions, national and local
government organizations.
The objective of the public consultation is to ensure access to project information to the
population in the direct and indirect area of influence of the project through a clear, precise and
transparent communication; generate dialogue with different stakeholders; register and analyze
social complaints and demands, if they arise, and provide appropriate answers or solutions.
Foreseen activities include:
A communication strategy will be developed for large stakeholders, organizations and
public and private institutions with interest in the project.
A permanent information module to be installed where the population can access
information material about the project, possibly the local Municipality and other focal
points.
Dialogue through informative talks directed to different interest groups.
Capacity Building An integral part of this project is capacity building for national policy makers in PRODUCE and
other government institutions to facilitate substantive and comprehensive planning of
sustainable industrial zones, focusing on brown field operations. Public officers from national,
regional and municipal governments will have the means to support and implement plans for
sustainable industrial zones, with a focus on SME. Personnel from PRODUCE, MINAM, MEF
and MINEM, and other institutions including the private sector (SNI, CONFIEP Chambers of
Commerce, etc.) will be invited. This outcome will also result in increased market demand
through increased awareness and know-how among industrial business on low-carbon and
cleaner production technologies, including their potential for increasing productivity, resource-
efficiency and cost reduction which can translate into increased profitability and
competitiveness.
The training modules will address the 6 key components of SIZ: 1) sustainable industrial zones
and parks management, (2) company level resource efficiency and cleaner production, (3)
industrial symbiosis and synergies, (4) integration with local community and natural
environment, (5) spatial planning and zoning, and (6) collective park and zone level
infrastructure and utility services.
Capacity building further extends to the supply chain for RECP methodologies and SAICM by
raising the skills and competence of practitioners and increasing the number of service suppliers
in these fields. A national database of qualified RECP professionals will be delivered to increase
industry confidence in the quality of the RECP services supplied. Partnerships with relevant
stakeholders such as NGOs, Grupo GEA-CER (National Cleaner Production Centre of Peru)
and industry associations will be established, not only to act as a host for the training
Programme, but also as part of an effort to institutionalize training curricula as part of the
Project’s exit strategy. Grupo GEA-CER will engage relevant universities (the Catholic
University of Peru (PUCP), the National University of Engineering (UNI), the National
University of Callao.) to deliver training modules in line with UNIDO methodologies.
Following UNIDO’s RECP methodology, it is planned to deliver three main training modules
and adapt these to meet local conditions: (a) Training in clean and low carbon technology
assessments to be developed with the participation of local technology providers; (b) Train-the-
trainer courses on resource efficient and cleaner production; (c) Training of service suppliers on
the application of industrial clean development methodologies (ISO, HACCP, SAICM).
3.6 Implementation of the ESMP
Implementation of the ESMP will require the commitment of the PMU as well as specialized
personnel and equipment such as:
- Technical monitoring staff
- Social communication experts
Their first task should be the development of a detailed planning of environmental monitoring
activities. An overview of the measures suggested above is provided in Table 17.
Table No 17. Main environmental actions suggested for the PMU
Action Main purpose Main partner Time
Environmental
baseline study
Improve the quality of
information available
on the environmental
situation of Callao
Callao district and
provincial government
6 months
Comparative
risk assessment
Assess and quantify
socio-economic
impacts of
environmental
pollution problems
and climate change
risks
Ministry of Health
Callao district and
provincial government
4 months
Local and
provincial
government
environmental
plans and tools
Improve effectiveness
and legitimacy of
environmental
management
instruments
Callao district and
provincial government
Ministry of Production
Ministry of Environment
12 months
Project
environmental
monitoring
Implement a basic
environmental
monitoring scheme
for the project
Callao district and
provincial government
Throughout project
implementation (4
years)
Awareness
raising and
capacity
building
Deliver training
modules on resource
efficient and cleaner
production, clean and
low-carbon
technologies
Callao district and
provincial government
Ministry of Production
Throughout project
implementation
TOTAL
*Activities will be implemented by the PMU, in close collaboration with national partners
References
CER-Grupo GEA, 2015. Parque industrial ecoeficiente del Callao. Ed. CER-Grupo GEA. Lima,
Perú.
Gobierno Regional del Callao, GORE Callao. 2011. Plan de Desarrollo Concertado del Callao
2011-2021. Acuerdo de Consejo Regional Nº 062-2010.
Gobierno Regional del Callao, GORE Callao. 2013. Aprueban Plan de Acción Ambiental del
Callao 2013-2021. Ordenanza Nº 000003-2013.
Grupo GEA, 2010. Informe GEO Lima y Callao. Ed Grupo GEA, Universidad Científica del
Sur. Lima, Perú
DIGESA, 2012. Estudio de saturación del aire de Lima y Callao 2011.
http://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/depa/informes_tecnicos/Estudio%20de%20Saturacion%20201
2.pdf
Municipalidad Provincial del Callao. Plan Anual de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental del
Callao 2017.
http://www.regioncallao.gob.pe/contenidos/contenidosGRC/filesContenido/file57864.pdf
Municipalidad Provincial del Callao. Plan de desarrollo urbano de la Provincia Constitucional
del Callao 2011- 2022 http://www.municallao.gob.pe/index.php/planos-y-zonificacion
Gobierno Regional del Callao. Microzonificación Ecológica y Económica de la Región Callao.
http://www.municallao.gob.pe/contenidosMPC/downloads/flash/animacion_region/Mapas/Mze
e/Estudio/CAPITULO%20I.pdf
Dirección General de Salud Ambiental, Programa Nacional de vigilancia sanitaria de calidad
del aire http://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/DEPA/aire_lc/lima_callao.asp
OEFA: Informe de mediciones de ruido ambiental en los seis (06) distritos que conforman la
provincia constitucional del Callao. http://sinia.minam.gob.pe/documentos/informe-ruido-
ambiental-distritos-callao-2015
