Presented toRotary Bangalore IT Corridor (RBITC)

Premkumar SrinivasanSridhar Rathnam

Dipankar Khasnabish

Sustainable, Self employment Businesses for Poverty Alleviation An approach Note

Sustainable Livelihood - Recap

Objective Connect the process of vocational

learning with self sustaining economic output

Benefits Development of livelihood skills Development of self sustaining

enterprises Generate employment

Methodology Identification of a scalable, replicable,

feasible project idea Mapping the project to a village or cluster

of villages for implementation Operate in a BOT model

Role of Rotary Create viable enterprise which acts as training

school Run for some time and provide entrepreneurial

training Create a replicable cookbook

Identify sustainable projects relevant to each community. Some of the ideas, bakery, garment, horticulture, food processing, printing press and DTP, dairy and agri products, breeding goats, rural BPO, broiler farms, rural laboratory for diagnostic services, oil extraction, wood processing and drying

Link with an existing vocational institution, if necessary, for skill development. Make enforceable agreements with the community on inputs and outputs. Ensure participation by the communities in the areas of exploitation of resources

and marketing production.. Monitor economic feasibility of the production and marketing schemes

Sustainable Livelihood

Financial - sources of income, assets which can be traded or sold, savings, financial services, etc. Natural - soil, water, forest, environmental assets, etc. Physical - houses, schools, clinics, roads, ploughs, producer goods accessible by community, etc. Human - health, skills, education, knowledge, confidence etc.Social - family links, groups, support networks, leadership, influences over political decisions, conflict, etc. community.

Shocks - Floods, droughts, cyclones; Deaths in the family; Violence or civil unrest

Seasonality – Prices, Production, Health, Employment opprtunities

Trends and changes – Population, Environmental change, Technology, Markets and trade, Globalisation

A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, while not undermining the natural resource base - Ian Scoones

Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) - The guiding principles Be people-centered. SLA begins by analyzing

people's livelihoods and how they change over time. The people themselves actively participate throughout the project cycle.

Be holistic. SLA acknowledges that people adopt many strategies to secure their livelihoods, and that many actors are involved; for example the private sector, ministries, community-based organizations and international organizations.

Be dynamic. SLA seeks to understand the dynamic nature of livelihoods and what influences them.

Build on strengths. SLA builds on people's perceived strengths and opportunities rather than focusing on their problems and needs. It supports existing livelihood strategies.

Promote micro-macro links. SLA examines the influence of policies and institutions on livelihood options and highlights the need for policies to be informed by insights from the local level and by the priorities of the poor.

Encourage broad partnerships. SLA counts on broad partnerships drawing on both the public and private sectors.

Aim for sustainability. Sustainability is important if poverty reduction is to be lasting.

Human capital• labour capacity• no education• limited skillsNatural capital• landless• access to common property resourcesFinancial capital• low wages• no access to creditPhysical capital• poor water supply• poor housing• poor communicationsSocial capital• low social status• descrimination against women• strong links with family & friends• traditions of reciprocal exchange

Landless femaleAgricultural labourer

Financial Capital

Social Capital

Physical Capital

Human Capital

Natural Capital

Sustainable Livelihood Framework – Landless female agri laborer

= an extremely reduced “livelihood pentagon

RAGPICKERS

Ragpickers - A snapshot Estimated 15,000 in Bangalore Whitefield estimate 750-1000

Organizations Waste Wise Trust - NGO Ragpickers Educational &

Development Scheme (REDS) – Skill Development

Human capital• labour capacity• no education• limited skillsNatural capital• landless• access to common property resourcesFinancial capital• low / no wages• no access to creditPhysical capital• no housing• no communicationsSocial capital• low social status• police harasssment• limted links with family & friends, criminalization

Landless femaleAgricultural labourer

Financial Capital

Social Capital

Physical Capital

Human Capital

Natural Capital

Sustainable Livelihood Framework – Ragpicker

= an extremely reduced “livelihood pentagon

Recent developments Palini 20 years, to scrap dealers, to waste management contractor to WIPRO (recycling with 12 staff) Two months ago a pilot project was launched that supplied 200 eligible ragpickers in the city with

cards that identify them as official green workers for the BBMP. With the identity cards, the “green workers” can get health benefits up to Rs. 50,000 annually under the civic body's A.B. Vajpayee Survarna Arogya scheme.

Bangalore generates 3000 MT of landfill every day Each house generate 1 Kg of solid waste every day This usually goes to landfill

Solid Waste

Solid Waste Management – Categories of WasteBio Degradable Wet Waste (also called as organic Waste or Kitchen Waste) - Materials that can be broken down by living organisms like bacteria & fungi into manure (70%)Non Biodegradable / Non Recyclable Waste - Materials that cannot be broken down by living organisms to convert into manure (8%)Recyclable Solid Waste (20%)E Waste / Hazardous Waste - Materials that contain toxic substances like lead, mercury, cadmium etc. (2%)Bio Medical Waste

190 Solid Waste Management (SWM) centers to be set up in Bangalore

Revenue model Population under HAL police station – 4 Lakhs

(5% of Bangalore population) Daily waste generation Bangalore 3000MT Whitefield @ 5% 150MT Organic Waste @ 50% 75MT Possible manure 25MT Price @10 / KG INR 4.5

Crores / year

Estimated SWM centers in Whitefield 10Revenue for each SWM INR 50L

Employment opportunity (each SWM center)Segregation 10Operation maintenance 5E Waste 3Total 18

Across Whitefield employment 150-200Earning potential INR 200-300/ day/ person

Role of Rotary Work with BBMP in identification of the SWM locations Working with likes of Green Nerds to set up the SWM infrastructure Building partner ecosystem

Organic Waste Vennar Organic http://vennarorganic.com/ Green Nerds www.green-nerds.comEmployment – segregation, Operation

Recyclable Waste ITC WOW http://www.itcgreenpapers.com/Wealth_Out_of_Waste.aspx Samarthanam Trust http://www.samarthanam.org/ KK Plastic Roads http://www.kkplasticroads.com/Employment - segregation

E Waste Ash Recyclers - http://www.ashrecyclers.com/ E Parisara http://www.ewasteindia.com/Employment – segregation, refurbishment

Working with Apartments, hotels, institutions and other organization in segregation at source Estimated 150 apartments with > 300 units

Skill building – in partnerships with Waste Wise Trust (www.wwt.co.in), Ragpickers Educational & Development Scheme (REDS) – Skill Development, Mytri Sarva Seva Samiti

Investments Organic manure plant Cost 5-10 Lakhs (part finance) Training 2 Lakhs Campaign Nominal

Microsoft Excel Worksheet

E Waste Collection Campaign

Microsoft Word Document

Compliance report

Microsoft Excel Worksheet

VILLAGER

Integrated Waste Management – Village: Ref Green Nerds (green-nerds.com)

Minimum capacity 500KG/ day Village population 700 households Integrated SWM system INR 5 Lakhs Area required 250 sft for core facility + 5 storage pits Annual maintenance INR 20K Revenue potential Limited at present Employment generation

Garbage collection 2 Garbage segregation 2

Already sold to 8 Zilla Parishads

Green Nerds

Ensures reduction of waste volume by 60% - 70% Enables successful segregation (Manually) to increase reuse/ recycle percentage Basic model can process up to 2 tons of waste per day (customizable) Low floor space requirement, easily implemented within limited space 250 sq. ft. floor space

area Organic waste including wet waste can be easily converted into organic manure Converts dry waste into reusable solid blocks (PET bottles, Dry plastics) Enables easy handling of waste Enables public participation High cleanliness and hygiene Reduces landfill volume/size and transportation related issues Eliminates air pollution caused by unscientific dumping and burning of waste

Working Model of Automated Garbage Machine (AGM)

Sorting on Conveyor Belt Organic Waste Shredding Unit Shredded Organic Waste

Pet Bottles Pressing Unit / Customized Baling Machine

Pressed Bottles - Over 150 bottles are pressed into smaller manageable block

13Green Nerds’ Confidentiality

SERICULTURIST

Sericulture • Sericulture is the cultivation of silk through rearing of silkworm. It is an agro based

industry which involves the raising of food plants for silkworm rearing of silkworm for production of cocoons, reeling and spinning of cocoon for production of yarn etc. for value added benefits such as processing and weaving.

• Sericulture also includes the practical aspects such as increasing productivity of land as well as labour, stabilization of cocoon production, improvement of silk yarn, fabric and generating profitable income for rural poor, SC, ST and OBC people. Silk is an animal protein fibre secreted (produced) by the silkworm larva for spinning of the cocoon. This cocoon provides a protective shell (shelter) for the soft and delicate caterpillar to pass the pupa stage inside it and metamorphose into an imago(moth). Silk yarn is obtained from the silk cocoons.

• There are four types of natural silk – Mulberry, Tassar, Eri and Muga. Out of this, Mulberry accounts for 84% production. Mulberry is primarily produced in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.

Value chain in Sericulture

Growing food plants for silk worms

Rearing of worms

Reeling of silk

Spinning of silk

Twisting/production of yarn

Weaving of fabric

Ramanagaram

Ramanagaram

Ramanagaram

Ramanagaram

Ramanagaram

Ramanagaram, Yelahanka,

Bomannahalli

Locations where activities are concentrated

Financial Capital

Social Capital

Physical Capital

Human Capital

Natural Capital

Human capital• labour capacity• Little/no education• High skill

Natural capital• own/rented homes• Own/rented Looms

Financial capital• low wages• no access to credit

Physical capital• Poor housing• Poor water supply• Good communications

Social capital• Declining social status• Well knit weavers’ community

A snapshot of handloom weavers :

• About 500 across Ramnagaram, Yelahanka and Gottigere/Bommanahalli

• 50 in Gottigere and Bomannahalli• Employed as job workers

Sustainability Livelihood Framework - Sericulture

Activities in and around Bangalore

Ramanagaram is the silk district of Karnataka. All the major activities related to silk- starting with rearing silk worms to reeling, spinning and twisting of yarn and finally weaving the end product happen in Ramanagaram.

There are 2000 households engaged in silk reeling and twisting. The cocoon market that is open from Mon-Sat is Asia’s biggest cocoon

market. All the traders trade their products through the Government Cocoon Market. Gottigere is a weaving center, has about 200 families who weave both on

power looms and on handlooms. There are 1000 handloom and power loom weavers in and around Bangalore

(Main areas are Gottigere, Sarakki, Bommanahalli etc). Yelahanka has about 500 weavers.

The Economics of silk Vibrant Village economy:About 57 % of the gross value of silk fabrics flows back to the cocoon growers with share of income as follows:

56.8 to cocoon grower 6.8% to reeler 9.1% to twister 10.7% to the weaver 16.6% to the trade

Benefits of sericulture Mulberry trees once planted is ready for rearing worms just after 6 months.

The plants can be used for 15-20 years Five crops can be taken in one year Approximately Rs 30,000/month income potential Ideal for weaker sections- requires no land holding, fast crop, no hired labour

required Eco friendly- all are bio degradable waste, also an agro based activity so no

effluents Satisfies equity concerns – as end product users are from higher economic

groups, the money flows in from higher to lower classes

Handloom weavers

From preliminary research and understanding, handloom weavers seem to be dwindling considerably The weaving activity has dwindled so the next generation is not looking as a

career option. The work is on job work basis and erratic. In a good season an efficient

worker makes Rs 15000-20000 p.m. and a medium worker makes Rs 8000-10000 p.m.

Requires extreme care to weave silks, which are mostly bridal and formal wear. A small defect reduces the payout by half.

Silk is getting more expensive and the weavers do not engage in cotton weaving. Mulberry silk prices fluctuate so that impacts the orders.

GREEN NERD DETAILED PROPSAL

Green Nerds’ Confidentiality 23

Green Nerds Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

GREEN NERDS DETAILED PROPOSAL

Working Model of AGM

Sorting on Table top Organic Waste Shredding Unit Shredded Organic Waste

Pet Bottles Pressing Unit / Customized Baling Machine

Pressed Bottles - Over 150 bottles are pressed into smaller manageable block

24Green Nerds’ Confidentiality

Green Nerds Unique Solution“Automatic Garbage Machine” – With the Vision of Clean India

Its Unique Characteristics:• Ensures reduction of waste volume by 60% - 70%• Enables successful segregation (Manually) to increase reuse/ recycle

percentage• 1 tons of waste per day (customized)• Low floor space requirement, easily implemented within limited space 250

sq ft floor space area for machine operations• Organic waste including wet waste can be easily converted into organic

manure using compost pits or curing racks• Converts dry waste into reusable solid blocks (PET bottles, Dry plastics)• Enables easy handling of waste • Enables public participation • High cleanliness and hygiene • Reduces landfill volume/size and transportation related issues • Eliminates air pollution caused by unscientific dumping and burning of

waste

“Rewarded as the winning idea on sustainable solutions for environment from Times of India’s Take Care Take initiatives ”

An innovative technology solution that attempts to solve the problem of this epic proportion in a very simplistic and scientific manner.

Zero emission Environment friendly Cost effective Waste management solution

We help you manage waste in controlled cost and

limited space

25Green Nerds’ Confidentiality

Installation instructions

Space requirement and machine installation• Roughly 250 sq. ft. space required for machine installation and operations• Compost pits will need additional 250-300 sq. ft. for curing and compost formation. Depending

upon option selected we can handle this in less space but might increase curing system cost.

• Need arrangements of shed to protect the machine and the compost from rain water• Should have access road for waste collection push carts to reach till machine area• Landfill site would be ideal to install the machine, operate and process waste• Shed with lock facility to protect the machine and machine parts• GreenNerds will provide guidance with shed design, compost pit arrangements• 3 phase electricity connection required at landfill site for machine operations

Zero emission Environment friendly Cost effective Waste management solution 26Green Nerds’ Confidentiality

Automatic Garbage Machine

Employment generation and waste collection process• 2 individuals for segregation, managing compost and machine operations• Number for waste collection process will vary depending upon the density of houses in close

proximity for collection. One push cart or a mini-tipper will need 2 people. The employment opportunity might vary from 2 to 6 people for waste collection.

• Collection employees will have to be equipped with push carts or mini-tippers

How the cost has been managed -• Government funding available for landfill allocation, constructing compost shed, platform and

compost pits• Part payment done by government bodies and part payment collected from

shop-keepers/residents and garbage collection and processing charges. • Payment shared by government and NGO/Charity organizations• NGO’s working on employment generations takes care of operations. Down the line income

generated from dry waste/compost used against operational cost.

Zero emission Environment friendly Cost effective Waste management solution 27Green Nerds’ Confidentiality

Cost Parameters

Various capital cost parameters for 1 ton processing• Machine cost for 1 ton processing - Approximate cost 5.75 to 6 lakhs (Full setup)• VAT – 5.5%• Transport, unloading and commissioning charges as actuals – Approximate cost 30,000• Machine room and shed• Compost pits and shed• Collection equipment's for waste collection• Landfill site with 3 phase electricity connection

Our commitment• GreenNerds will provide training for machine operation and preventive maintenance• GreenNerds will provide warranty support for 6 months and then move to AMC• GreenNerds will provide guidance for shed design, compost pit construction. Will train the

employees on segregation and its importance.• GreenNerds will provide network to dispose/sell dry waste, as applicable

• Compost rates start from around 1000 Rs per ton and upwards depending upon quality• Plastic (PET, LDP, HDP etc.) rates vary from 2 Rs to 10+ Rs depending upon segregation

Zero emission Environment friendly Cost effective Waste management solution 28Green Nerds’ Confidentiality