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Sustainable Models of FaithCONNECTING WITH COALITIONS/RISK & PROTECTIVE FACTORS
STRATEGY RELATED MATERIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
ALBERT GAY
TTJ GROUP, LLC
Faith + Prevention = Transformative Power
Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA), states that, "Combining the strengths of faith-based organizations with the scientific knowledge and
community-mobilization skills of coalitions is a powerful combination in the mission to decrease or prevent substance abuse."
A Coalition is…
Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA) defines coalitions as the following:
A formal arrangement for collaboration between groups or sectors of a community, in which each group retains its identity but all agree to work
together toward a common goal of building a safe, healthy, and drug-free community.
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History of Coalitions
50’s – 60’s
• Scare Tactics
• Information
70’s
• Drug Education
• Alternatives to drug use
80’s – 90’s
• Parent, school and community partnership
• Community Coalitions
History of Coalitions :The Crack
Epidemic
Some overwhelmed urban communities in the late1980's
believed:
they did not have the power or ability
to solve their own problems
legalization was a solution
only few outside experts could solve problems
But There Was Hope
The Answer:
Bringing together the entire community
Faith-based had significant role
Local coalitions have changed the
way that American communities respond to the threats of illegal drugs,
excessive alcohol, and tobacco use
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The Impact of Coalitions
The coalition movement has been
significant impacting:
• Alcohol
• Marijuana
• Methamphetamines
• Ecstasy
• Prescription drugs and Heroin
Coalitions have been key to the
development of effective
solutions.
• Substance abuse prevention,
treatment, and recovery
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
• Prevention
• Poverty
• Wellness campaigns
• Education
• Gangs in the neighborhood
A Coalition is Not…
Not run by outside organizations
Not a human service organization
Not a single entity
Not operate top down
A Coalition Is…
• A diverse group with deep connections to the local community
• A group that serves as a catalyst for the goal of change in the community
• A group that adapts, creates, or develops public policy
• A group that influences population group’s behavior
• A group that works to create a healthy community
• A partnership of the many sectors of a community which gather together
collaboratively to solve the community’s problems
• A group that guides the community’s future
• A group that is driven by citizen identified issues
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Here’s Why Coalitions Form
• Urgent situation arises demanding action
• Control hand in future of the community
• To acquire and/or provide services
• For delivery of effective and efficient practices, policies, and programs
• Gathering of resources
• Facilitate communication among groups
• Strategic planning of community-wide initiatives
• Foster leverage within the community
• Create and sustain social change
Interventions
Program Implementation and Evaluation
Identify Risk and Protective
Factors
Define the Problem
Problem Response
Coalitions Use the Public Health Approach
Coalitions Influence &Leverage Resources
• Producing better health outcomes within the shared
community
• Controlling the course of the
community
• Transforming systems
• Changing the cultural norms
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The 12 Sectors at the Coalition Table?
State,
local, tribal
MediaBusiness
Schools
Law
Enforcement
ParentsYouth
Other
Coordinator
Youth-
serving Orgs.
Healthcare
Civic/
VolunteerReligious/
Fraternal
The Mission the 12
to Reduce Risks & Increase
Protection
Risk factors predictsubstance abuse
Protective factors buffersubstance abuse
To prevent substance use, programs must:
Protective Factors
Risk Factors
Availability of Firearms
Availability of Drugs
Community Laws and Norms Favorable toward Drug Use, Firearms and Crime
Media Portrayals of Violence
Transitions and Mobility
Low Neighborhood Attachment & Community Disorganization
Extreme Economic Deprivation
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Family History of the Problem Behavior
Favorable Parental Attitudes and Involvement in the Problem Behavior
Family Management Problems
Family Conflict
Academic Failure Beginning in Late Elementary SchoolLack of Commitment to School
Key Leader Orientation 2-19
Early and Persistent Antisocial Behavior
Constitutional Factors
Rebelliousness
Friends who Engage in the Problem Behavior
Favorable Attitudes toward the Problem Behavior
Early Initiation of the Problem Behavior
Gang Involvement
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The Social Development Model:
Building a Community Model of Protection
Social Development Strategy
Components of an Effective &
Sustainable
Coalition
Clear Organizational
Structure
Communities That Care
(CTC)
Strategic Prevention
Framework (SPF)
Membership Capacity to
do the Work
Work groups
Sustainability
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Clear Organizational Structure
• Formalizes a set of structures and practices, such as written roles and procedures (such as bylaws)
• Clarifies roles and procedures, and adequately addresses tasks and maintenance functions
• Includes management strategies that include effective communication,
conflict resolution, perception of fairness, and shared decision-making
Sample Structure: Communities That
Care
Key Leader Board
Community Board
Community Board
Executive Committee
Coordinator/Facilitator
Work Groups:
Risk and Protective Factor
Assessment
Community Outreach and
Public Relations
Youth Involvement
Resources Assessment and
Evaluation
Funding
Community Board
Maintenance
SAMHSA’s Strategic Prevention
Framework (SPF)
AssessmentProfile population needs, resources, and readiness to address needs and gaps
CapacityBuild capacity to address needs
PlanningDevelop a Comprehensive Strategic Plan
ImplementationImplement evidence-based prevention programs and activities
EvaluationMonitor, evaluate, sustain, and improve or replace those that fail
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Local Epidemiological
Workgroup
(LEW)
Local
Advisory Council
(LAC)
Executive Committee
Evaluation Committee
Training and Outreach Workgroup
Cultural Competence Workgroup
Youth/Young Adult Workgroup
Sample Workgroups that Drive the SPF
Process
Membership Capacity
Identify key leaders within each sector
• Notoriety
• Outcomes
• Passion
Culturally Competent Approach
• Shared interests/values/goals
• Clear responsibilities
• How coalition benefits organization
• Positive outcomes (Win – Win)• What Media
will you use to reach sector?
• What will sector need to commit to Coalition?
• How will you promote to this sector?
• What are you producing in community?
Product Promotion
PlacePrice
Resource Inventory
Expertise/Skills
Administration Grant Writing Prevention Strategies
Advertising/Marketing Group Facilitation Public Relations
Data Analysis Implementation Research
Board Development Interviewing/Surveying Social Media
Collaboration Building Legislation/Codes/Policy Strategic Planning
Cultural Competence Media Relations Systems Reform
Database/Graphing Mediation / Negotiations Translation
Evaluation Policy Analysis Working with government
Fiscal management Presenting / Training Youth Involvement
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Step 3 - Planning
A Comprehensive Prevention Plan
Describe the priority problem and why it was selected.
List risk and protective factors, and describe how they were prioritized.
Describe resources, resource gaps, readiness, and cultural issues, and how any challenges will be addressed.
Describe interventions that will impact the selected risk factors.
Develop a logic model with short- and long-term outcomes.
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SPF Logic Model for Reducing Binge Drinking 18-25
Consequence/ConsumptionPatterns
Risk and Protective
Factors Strategies
Media advocacy to increase community
concern about binge drinking
Young Adult Binge Drinking
Social norms accepting and/or
encouraging binge drinking
What evidence based strategy is effective in
reducing risk associated with Opioid use?
Opioids used by whom in NC?
What are the Risk / Protective Factors
contributing to Opioid Problems?
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Goal Objectives Inputs Partners OutputsShort-Term Outcomes
Intermediate Outcomes
Long-Term Outcomes
Decrease
students’
social access
to opioid non-
medical
prescription
drug use
Increase
knowledge of
students and
other community
members who
receive opioid
prescription
drugs regarding
proper use,
storage, and
disposal of their
medications
Provide printed
educational
materials and
verbal guidance
from prescribers
(see above) to
patients
(students and
other community
members)
prescribed
opioids about
the safe use,
storage, and
disposal of
prescription
drugs, as well as
the dangers of
sharing
prescription
drugs with others
Local prescribers
to help educate
their patients
about proper use,
storage, and
disposal of their
medications
Local hospitals,
clinics, and
pharmacies to
help disseminate
printed materials
regarding the
proper use,
storage, and
disposal of
medications
Number of printed
materials handed to
patients receiving
opioid prescriptions
Number of patients
with opioid
prescriptions who
report that
prescribers
discussed with them
the safe use,
storage, and
disposal of
prescription drugs
At least X% of
patients with
opioid
prescriptions
report receiving
educational
materials
At least X% of
patients with
opioid
prescriptions
report that
prescribers
discussed with
them the safe use,
storage, and
disposal of
prescription drugs
At least X% of
patients with
prescriptions for
opioids report
following safe
practices for
using, storing, and
disposing of
unused opioid
prescription drugs
X% decrease in
student-
reported non-
medical use of
opioid
prescription
drugs
X% decrease in
number of
overdoses
related to
opioid
prescription
drugs
Expansive SAMHSA Logic Model
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Sample Criteria for Selecting Strategies
Effectiveness
Matching strategy/program requirements with agency capacities
Resources
Cultural assumptions
Target population
Organizational climate
Community climate
Evaluability
Future sustainability
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Best Fit Prevention Interventions
Select Specific Programs,
Practices & Policies
Ensure Effectiveness
IdentifyTypes of
StrategiesBest Fit
Prevention
Interventions
Demonstrate Conceptual Fit
Demonstrate Evidence of
Effectiveness
Demonstrate Practical Fit
Relevant? Practical? Effective?
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Environmental Strategies
Environmental Approaches include:
Policies
Enforcement
Education
Communication
Collaboration
Policies
Public (ordinances/laws): Local, State, Fed.
Institutional: businesses, colleges, workplace
Examples:
Distribution systems -- dictating how the sale and distribution of alcohol are controlled.
Purchase and sales -- regulating minimum legal drinking age and requirements for purchases of kegs and laws affecting server training.
Taxation -- imposing excise taxes on beer, spirits, wine
Drinking and driving -- mandating legal limits on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels for drivers, generally expressed in grams per 100 milliliters of whole blood, and penalties for violating BAC laws.
Enforcement
Policies and laws must be enforced w/ appropriate penalties when violations
occur
Examples
Compliance Checks
Community Policing
Enforcement Using Deterrence and Incentives
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Education
Plays an important role in altering prevailing opinions and practices
Examples:
Educating Through Data Collection
Educating Using Training
Communication
Communication strategies include just about any approach that gets the word out to the broadest possible audience.
Examples:
Public Education- increase knowledge & awareness of a particular
health issue (AIDS)
Social Marketing – ad principals to change norms
Media Advocacy – used to affect public policy
Collaboration . . . Join a Coalition Today!
Collaboration helps communities improve their capacity to improve
policies, draw attention to public health issues, and develop partnerships that can be applied in
other areas.
Example:
Many of the most successful collaborative efforts combine collaboration with communications, policy, or education strategies.
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Sustainable Coalitions
• Employ Leadership succession and membership recruitment plans
• Recognize members to increase energy and reduce burnout
• Integrate the coalition’s goals and strategies into the missions of their own organizations
• Develop diversified funding streams to ensure balance and commitment to coalition activities and actions