Sustainable Viticultural Practices Seminar
May 6, 2015
Chuck Ingels
UC Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County
http://cesacramento.ucanr.edu
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)
Photos: Baldo Villegas
Native to East Asia (China, Japan, Korea,
Taiwan)
A crop pest in its native range and here
Found in Allentown, PA 1996, ID’d 2001
Household nuisance pest in fall, winter
Host list currently 170 spp., likely to rise
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)
Source - http://www.stopbmsb.org
T. Leskey, USDA-ARS May, 2012
Current distribution in USA
BMSB in Calif. 2014
Established
populations in:
Butte
Los Angeles
Sacramento
Santa Clara
Sutter
Yolo (new)
BMSB Finds Sacramento County
Jan. 1, 2014 Dec. 31, 2014
Two white bands
on antennae
Smooth
“shoulder” edges
Banded
abdominal edge
extending
beyond wings
Actual adult size
1/2 to 5/8 inch
Rust color with
broad brown
markings
Banded legs Mature nymph (5th instar)
Adult
Photo: UC IPM
20-30 eggs (often 28)
Nymph (3rd of 5) Adult
BMSB Rough stink bug
Rough Stink Bug vs. BMSB
BMSB Rough stink bug
Narrower angle Wider angle
Rough Smooth
Rough Stink Bug vs. BMSB
Two
points Blunt
BMSB
Consperse Stink Bug vs. BMSB
Consperse stink bug
1/2 inch long 5/8 inch long
Solid
brown Marble
color
Aggregation Season (late summer), Pennsylvania
Photos:
Tracy Leskey
Aggregation Behavior
Photos:
Tracy Leskey
BMSB An Arboreal Species
Downspout
Sacramento March 2014
Under bark
Host Plants Crops
Stone fruits (esp. peach), pome fruits
Berries
Grapes (not a major host)
Eggplant, tomato, okra, pepper, corn,
beans, sunflower
Major Host Plants Selected Ornamentals
Butterfly bush
Catalpa
Chinese pistache
Elm
Fruiting mulberry
Holly
Maple
Princess tree
(Paulownia)
Pyracantha
Redbud
Tree of heaven
Waxleaf privet
Wisteria
Trident Maple Acer buergerianum
Waxleaf Privet Ligustrum japonicum
Chinese Pistache Pistachia chinensis
Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima
Stink Bug Feeding
BMSB Damage, 2014
Peach 5/22
Nectarine 6/3
6/11 Asian pear 7/2 Plum 7/2 (no damage)
Apricot 6/23
Distinct odor that can taint wine
» Smells like fresh cilantro
» Other descriptors: “skunky,” “citrusy”, “piney”
Direct injury to grapes by piercing and feeding
» Can lead to increased susceptibility to bunch rots
Harvest of nearby crops may force migration to
vineyards
Trap & monitor vineyard edges
BMSB in Grapes
Photo: J. Fiola
Research on Stink Bug Taint in Juice/Wine
Photo:
Joe Fiola
Defensive compounds:
trans-2-decenal and trans-2-octenal
Summary of Sensory on Stink Bug Taint
• Univ. of Maryland, 2010 (Joe Fiola):
5-10 BMSB/lug: Perceptible aroma in juice
No distinguishable taint in juice after 4 months
10-20 BMSB per lug: Perceptible aroma during
red fermentation
No distinguishable aroma in wine following
fermentation and racking
Summary of Sensory on Stink Bug Taint
• Oregon State University – Pinot Noir
(Tomasino et al., 2013 ASEV abstracts)
Treatments: 1) 1 bug per four clusters, 2) 1 bug per
two clusters, 3) no bugs
Distinct aroma detected - BMSB excreted defensive
compounds during destemming & pressing
Resulting wines had more trans-2-decenal
Difference testing (triangle tests): T1 and T2 wines
were perceived as different from the control
Wine Taint Research Oregon State University, 2014
Elizabeth Tomasino
Dept. of Food Science and Technology Oregon State University
Pallavi Mohekar
Graduate Research Assistant
(Slides removed because data have not yet been published)
May 5, 2015
28
BMSB Traps Dead-Inn Traps (AgBio, Inc.)
Grower
48” tall, $30 Professional
24” tall, $20
Homeowner
16” tall, $17
Phermone Traps Rocket Trap (Rescue)
$17
Lures
2015 (123 mg)
2014 (66 mg)
2014
AgBio (66 mg)
2014
Rescue
(123 mg)
Understanding BMSB Pheromones Two Main Lure Types
1. Pheromone lures (USDA #10 and #20)
» Harlequin bug pheromone – nearly identical
2. “Synergist” = methyl decatrienoate (MDT)
Best used in combination
BMSB Seasonal Development Model
Development temperature thresholds:
» Lower: 57F Upper: 97F
Complete generation: 1107DD (Rutgers)
» 968 DD (egg to adult) + 139 DD (to egg laying)
First eggs found in 2014: May 5 (1st in U.S.)
» 2nd gen. eggs start July 23 (2 generations)
» 3rd gen. eggs start Sept. 25 – insufficient time
Likely 3 generations in Kern County
02468
101214
17-M
ar
31-M
ar
14-A
pr
28-A
pr
12-M
ay
26-M
ay
9-J
un
23-J
un
7-J
ul
21-J
ul
4-A
ug
18-A
ug
1-S
ep
15-S
ep
29-S
ep
No
./tr
ap
/da
y
BMSB/day/trap Avg. of 4 traps, 2014
First
eggs:
May 5
Predicted
2nd gen.
eggs
Adults Nymphs
Adults and Nymphs Trapped Sacramento, 2014
x 64/532
90/691
219/155
7/7
0/0
0/0
3/4
22/98
11/9
2014 Trap Locations & Counts Adults/Nymphs
19 8
37
3
6
2015 Trap Locations & Counts Adults
0
8 4
10
3
1
3 23 ToH Mixed
Cherry
Fl. pear
ToH 1 2
Japanese
maples Mixed
Insecticide Efficacy Field Study (Leskey et al., 2013)
High mortality on day of application: Endosulfan
(e.g., Thiodan), methomyl (Lannate), thiamethoxam
(Actara), and bifenthrin (e.g., Brigade)
Fenpropathrin (Danitol) and dinetofuran (Venom,
Scorpion): strong anti-feeding effect for 7+ days
Peaches in Mid-Atlantic: 10-12 weekly applications,
alternate-row, late May-harvest using pyrethroids and
neonicotinoids
Effective insecticides in lab: only 60% average
mortality in the field when applied late early July,
40% in Aug., and 20% in September
2015 Orchard Spray Bulletin (BMSB) Coop. Extension: Virginia, W. Virginia, and Maryland
Products that have shown good effectiveness:
» Pyrethroids: Baythroid XL, Danitol, Warrior II,
products containing permethrin (e.g. Pounce)
» Neonicotinoid: Belay
» Carbamate: Lannate
» Premixtures: Endigo ZC, Leverage 360
» Section 18: Bifenture/Brigade, Venom/Scorpion
Not a California recommendation
2015 Spray Guide for Commercial Vineyards Coop. Extension: Virginia, W. Virginia, and Maryland
3rd cover spray (pre-bunch closure)
» Scorpion 35 SL, Actara 25WDG, Assail 70WP,
or Malathion 8F
4th cover spray (after veraison)
» Scorpion 35 SL, Actara 25WDG, Assail 70WP,
Venom 70, Belay 50WDG, or Malathion 5EC
Harvest spray (day before harvest):
» Belay or Pyganic (org.)
Not a California recommendation
Alternative BMSB Management Penn. State Univ., Rutgers Univ.
Border applications
Use strong residual products
Treat surrounding vegetation, if feasible
Alternative crop plantings
Possible trap crops (e.g., beans, Paulownia trees)
Spray trap crops
Organically Acceptable Insecticides
Partial to fairly good control
of nymphs only:
Pyrethrum
Azadirachtin
Spinosad
Sabadilla
Insecticidal soap
Combinations
Biological Control?
Gymnosoma par
Foreign exploration done by USDA
Egg parasitoids - Trissolcus spp.
Possible release in Calif. in 2016
Assassin bug
Spiders
Praying mantis
Predators Seen in 2014
Questions?
Important Web Sites
StopBMSB.org
ucipm.ucdavis.edu
cesacramento.ucanr.edu