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Sustainable Wastewater TreatmentGroup 2EDSGN 100Section 205By: Jeb Biernat, Tyler Burkes, Steven Casselberry, & Dillon ODonnellTable of ContentsOverviewSolutions ConsideredEvaluation ProcessSystem DesignImplementation ProspectsBusiness Opportunities

AbstractThe task- To develop a sustainable form of wastewater treatment for a Nicaraguan household.

The solution- To design an outdoor composting toilet.Theory of Wastewater TreatmentGoal: To clean water to a standard that the environment can handle itThree stages:Primary: SedimentationSecondary: Removal of biological contentTrickling filters, activated sludgeTertiary: Nutrient removal/Disinfection Nitrification (N), chemical precipitation (K), UV/Chlorination[8]Rural Nicaraguan Water ConditionsRural water access: 63%House connections: 27%Rural Water Sanitation: 34%Sewerage: 0%Most water utilities in the country are nationally controlled/ownedVery little water/sewer coverage to rural areas

Photo CreditLake Managua[5][6]Solutions ConsideredConstructed WetlandsTrickling FilterWaste Stabilization PondUASBArborlooComposting Toilet[3] [4]Evaluation ProcessMajor Criteria:Ease of ConstructionCostMaintenanceReuse of ByproductsWater UsageThe Composting ToiletSimpleUses no waterUses no electricityCheap to maintainOdor free if maintained correctlyProduces compost

[2]CompostingMicroorganisms break down organic material through aerobic respirationBacteria and fungi break down the materialProtozoa and nematodes feed on the bacteria and fungiMillipedes and beetles feed on the protozoa and nematodesRequirements:Air: the pile must be mixed dailyWater: mixture should stay moistProper C to N ratio: carbon materials (sawdust) must be added to the pile

[7]Composting Bin

Implementation at the CenterToilet located inside Nicaraguan houseWaste composted on site in bins Compost reused to fertilize gardens

Location at Center

Photo ReferenceImplementation in Nicaragua Community/single family compost binsToilet would be located outside in an outhouse/inside the houseToilet for each houseCompost reused for gardens or for agriculture

Outhouse with Composting Toilet

Cost Estimates of Composting ToiletToiletToilet seat - $5.74 15 gallon Drum - $30.00Sawdust$50/tonLumber for Outhouse/composting bins$4.57 per 2 x 6 x 8Roughly $90 for two 4 x 4 foot composting binsTotal Cost: $180

[1]Business Opportunities of Composting ToiletsSell the toilets to NicaraguansSell Sawdust as cover material and odor control

Questions?References[1]www.lowes.com[2]http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/07/green_tips_humanure_composting.php[3] Mara, David Duncan.Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. London: Earthscan, 2004. Print.[4]http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/PM_Report/Appendix1_The_Arborloo_book_a.pdf [5]http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/NIC_wat.pdf [6]http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/NIC_san.pdf [7]http://www.benefits-of-recycling.com/howdoescompostingwork.html[8]http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/what_happens_after_the_flush.pdf