SUSY Dark Matter
at Future Collider Experiments
Werner Porod
IFIC-CSIC
• Cosmological data and dark matter candidates
• Neutralino LSP
• Gravitino LSP
• Theoretical uncertainties
• Conclusions
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 1 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Cosmological Data
No Big Bang
1 20 1 2 3
expands forever
-1
0
1
2
3
2
3
closedrecollapses eventually
Supernovae
CMB
Clusters
openflat
Knop et al. (2003)Spergel et al. (2003)Allen et al. (2002)
Supernova Cosmology Project
Ω
ΩΛ
M
ΩB = (4 ± 0.4)%
ΩDM = (23 ± 4)%
ΩΛ = (73 ± 4)%
R.A. Knopp et al., astro-ph/0309368
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 2 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Supersymmetry
Symmetry between fermions & bosons
Standard Model Supersymmetry
Matter:e d d d
νe u u u⇔
e d d d
νe u u u
Gauge Sector: ⇔γ Z0 W± γ Z W±
Gravity: ⇔G G
Higgs Sector: ⇔H0 H0
γ, Z, H0d , H0
u ⇒ χ0i
W+, H+ ⇒ χ+i
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 3 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Dark Matter Candidates
L. Roszkowski, astro-ph/0404052
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 4 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Dark Matter Candidates
L. Roszkowski, astro-ph/0404052
χ0i = Nij(γ, Z, h0
d , h0u)j
main parameters:
M1, M2, µ, tanβ
main interactions:
• γ - f - f , Z - f - f
• h0d - h0
d - Z, h0u - h0
u - Z
• h0d,u - Z - (h0,H0,A0)
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 4 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Dark Matter Candidates
region
No EWSB
regionbulk
focus point
rapid annihilationfunnel
co−annihilation region
m0
m1/2
mh, b→sγ
g−2
Charged LSP
L. Roszkowski, astro-ph/0404052 J. Feng, hep-ph/0509309
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 4 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Bulk region
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
m [GeV]mSUGRA SPS 1a′/SPA
lR
lLνl
τ1
τ2ντ
χ01
χ02
χ03
χ04
χ±
1
χ±
2
qR
qL
g
t1
t2
b1
b2
h0
H0, A0 H±
http://spa.desy.de/spa
m0 = 70 GeV
m1/2 = 250 GeV
A0 = −300 GeV
tanβ = 10, µ > 0
dominated by lR
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 5 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
talk by T. Lari at ’Flavour in the era of LHC’, Nov.’05, CERN
T.T. LariLarisquarksquark flavourflavour studiesstudies withwith ATLASATLAS
FlavourFlavour WorkshopWorkshopCERN, 08/11/2005 CERN, 08/11/2005
mSUGRA events topologymSUGRA events topology
Strongly interacting sparticles (squarks, gluinos) dominate LHC production.
Cascade decays to the stable, weakly interacting lightest neutralino follows.
Event topology:
high pT jets (from squark/gluino decay)
– Large ETmiss signature (from LSP)
– High pT leptons, b-jets, τ-jets (depending on model parameters)
If sbottom or stop quarks in the decay chain: b-jets
Charm tagging impossible?
A typical decay chain:
lqq
l
g~q~
l~χ0
2~ χ0
1~
p p
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 6 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
talk by I. Borjanovic at ’Flavour in the era of LHC’, Nov.’05, CERN
Left squark cascade decay
qll edge qlmin edge0
(GeV)llm0 20 40 60 80 100
-1E
ven
ts/1
GeV
/100
fb
0
200
400
600
800
qlmax edge qll threshold
ll edge
0 40
Invariant mass (GeV)0 600 600 600 6000 0 0
80
SPS1a (bulk region)
m0= 100 GeV,
m1/2= 250 GeV,
A0= -100 GeV,
tan( )=10 , >0
L=100 fb-1
fast sim.
0
1
0
2~
~ ~~ χχ llqqllqq RL →→→
Gjelsten, Lytken, Miller, Osland, Polesello,ATL-PHYS-2004-007
2 SFOS lep., pT>20, 10 GeV
4 jets, pT>150,100,50,50 GeV
Meff > 600 GeV
ETmiss >max(100, 0.2 Meff)
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 7 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
talk by I. Borjanovic at ’Flavour in the era of LHC’, Nov.’05, CERN
Mass reconstruction
Fit results
Gjelsten, Lytken, Miller, Osland, Polesello, ATL-PHYS-2004-007
m( 10)= 4.8 GeV, m( 2
0)= 4.7 GeV,
m(lR) = 4.8 GeV, m(qL)= 8.7 GeV
m( 10) = 96 GeV
m(lR ) = 143 GeV
m(qL) = 540 GeV
m( 20) = 177 GeV
L=100 fb-1
5 endpoints measurements, 4 unknown masses
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 8 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
⇒ mχ01= 0.08 GeV, meR
= 0.09 GeV
e+e− → e+R e−R → e+e−χ01χ0
1
U. Martyn, hep-ph/0408226 M. Berggren, F. Richard, Z. Zhang
hep-ph/0510088
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 9 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Stau Co-annihilation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
100 150 200 250 300 350 400
ann
ihil
atio
n (
%)
m~τ (GeV)
l~=µ
~ or e~
χ10 χ1
0
χ10 τ
~
τ~ τ
~
χ10 l
~
l~ (τ
~/l~)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 4500.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1
∆M
(G
eV)
cos2
θτ
m~τ (GeV)
∆Mcos2θτ
B.C. Allanach, G. Belanger, F. Boudjema, A. Pukhov hep-ph/0410091
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 10 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Model A′ C′ D′ G′
M1/2 600 400 525 375
m0 107 80 101 113
tanβ 5 10 10 20
µ(mZ) 773 519 −663 485
mχ 242 158 212 148
meR 251 174 224 185
mτ1 249 167 217 157
∆m 7 9 5 9
ΩDMh2 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.12
Optimal√
s GeV 505 337 442 316
Error on ∆m GeV 0.487 0.165 0.541 0.132
Error on ΩDMh2 in % 3.4 1.8 6.9 1.6
P. Bambade, M. Berggren, F. Richard, Z. Zhang, hep-ph/00406010
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 11 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Focus point
characterized: m0 ' O(1 − 10) TeV ⇒ |µ| ∼ O(M1,2)
0
20
40
60
80
100
150 200 250 300 350 400 450
an
nih
ilati
on
(%
)
Mχ01 (GeV)
coannihilationannihilation
t t-
b b-
WW/ZZZh,hh
B.C. Allanach et al., hep-ph/0410091
me,ν from AFB of χ0i , χ±
j
(exploiting full spin information)
G. Moortgat-Pick,
talk at Snowmass’05
F. Richard, talks at
Snowmass’05 & ILC Vienna’05
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 12 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Higgs Funnel
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100010
15
20
25
30
35
GeV
ΓA
(G
eV
)
MA (GeV)
m(χ1)m(χ3)ΓAµm(lR)m(lL)m(χ2)
requires large tan β >∼ 40, important: 2mχ01' mA0
B.C. Allanach, G. Belanger, F. Boudjema, A. Pukhov hep-ph/0410091
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 13 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Higgs Funnel
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100010
15
20
25
30
35
GeV
ΓA
(G
eV
)
MA (GeV)
m(χ1)m(χ3)ΓAµm(lR)m(lL)m(χ2)
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
a
2M
χ10 -
MA
(G
eV
)
Mχ10 (GeV)
a(ΓA)a(Mχ1
0)a(MA)
a(2Mχ10 - MA)
a(µ)2Mχ1
0 - MA
requires large tan β >∼ 40, important: 2mχ01' mA0
B.C. Allanach, G. Belanger, F. Boudjema, A. Pukhov hep-ph/0410091
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 13 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Incomplete list of interesting scenarios
• M. Drees, hep-ph/0502075: LEP anomalies due to light h0,A0, gives additional funnel for mχ0
1; details of h0 scenario can be
found in A. Djouadi, M. Drees and J. L. Kneur, hep-ph/0504090
• W. de Boer hep-ph/0508108: EGRET excess of diffuse galacticγ rays, focus point like, large tanβ
• C. Boehm, A. Djouadi and M. Drees, hep-ph/9911496: lightstop co-annihilation; M. Carena et al., hep-ph/0508152: remain-ing scalars very heavy if at the same time electroweak baryoge-nesis
• H. Baer et al., hep-ph/0511034, sign(M1) = - sign(M2), requiresb-W co-annihilation → 3-body decays of χ0
2, enhanced χ02 → χ0
1γ
• . . .
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 14 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
NMSSM
MSSM + singlet ⇒ WNMSSM = WMSSM(µ = 0) − λSHuHd + 13κS3
additional states
• χ0i = N ′
ij(γ, Z, h0d , h0
u, S)j
• H0i (i=1,2,3), A0
i (i=1,2)
can avoid LEP bounds due to reduced couplings to Z-boson
⇒ additional possibilities to arrange for DM
• different admixtures of χ01
• additional resonances
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 15 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300µ [GeV]
0.1
1
Ωh2
tanβ = 2
tanβ = 5
tanβ = 20
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300µ [GeV]
0.01
0.1
1
Cha
nnel
s
VV
ll
Zh
ha
λ = κ = 0.1, Aλ = 500 GeV, Aκ = 0, M2=230 GeV, Mf = 1 TeV, Af= 1.5 TeV
G. Belanger et al., hep-ph/0505142 tan β = 5
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 16 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Gravitino Dark Matter
m3/2 ' O(100) GeV† ⇒ very long-lived NLSP
Ω3/2h2 =m3/2
mNLSPΩNLSPh2
Neutralinos: χ0 → Gγ, GZ, Gh0: disfavoured by BBN
Sleptons: lR → Gl3-body decays l → GlZ, GνW also constrained by BBN
† J. Ellis, K. Olive, Y. Santoso, V. Spanos ’03; W. Buchmuller, K. Hamaguchi,M. Ratz, T. Yanagida ’04; J.L. Feng, S. Su, F. Takayama ’04; J.L. Feng,B.T. Smith ’04; . . .
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 17 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
GMSB
light gravitino LSP, χ01 of lR NLSP
Standard thermal history of the universe:
Ω3/2h2 ' 0.11
( m3/2
100 eV
)
(
100
g∗
)
(g∗ ' 90 − 140)
Current data:ΩMh2 ' 0.134 ± 0.006 , ΩBh2 ' 0.023 ± 0.001
⇒ m3/2 ' 100 eV if DM candidate, warm dark matter
constraints from Lyman-α forest: mWDM >∼ 550 eV
(M. Viel et al., arXiv:astro-ph/0501562)
⇒ assume additional entropy production, e.g. non-standard decays
of messenger particles
(E. Baltz, H. Murayama, astro-ph/0108172; M. Fujii and T. Yanagida hep-
ph/0208191)
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 18 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
NLSP decays
conserved R-parity: χ01 → G γ, lR → G l (l = e, µ, τ)
decay length: O(1 m)
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 19 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
NLSP decays
conserved R-parity: χ01 → G γ, lR → G l (l = e, µ, τ)
decay length: O(1 m)
broken R-parity, e.g. by bilinear terms WMSSM + εiLiHu:
- neutrino data via ν-χ0i mixing without νR
- G life-time: O(1028−31) Hubble times
(required by ν data)
- lR → l ν, lR → G l
- χ01 → W± l∓, χ0
1 → Z0 ν, χ01 → h0 ν
χ01 → l+i l−j ν, χ0
1 → q q ν, χ01 → q′ q l, χ0
1 → ν ν ν
χ01 → G γ
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 19 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Broken R-parity
BR(∑
i Wli)
mχ01[GeV]
100 200 300 400 500
0.05
0.075
0.1
0.125
0.15
0.175
0.2
BR(∑
ij νiτlj)
mχ01[GeV]
100 200 300 400 500
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
BR(Gγ)
mχ01[GeV]
100 200 300 400 500
10-1
5 10-2
2 10-2
10-2
5 10-3
2 10-3
10-3
m3/2 = 100 eV, n5 = 1— tan β = 10, µ > 0, - - tan β = 10, µ < 0
— tan β = 35, µ > 0, - - tan β = 35, µ < 0
M. Hirsch, W. Porod, D. Restrepo, hep-ph/0503059
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 20 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Theoretical Uncertainties
• Numerical solution of the Boltzmann equations: up to 1%
• spectrum calculation, e.g. m0 = 70 GeV, m1/2 = 350 GeV,
A0 = 0, tanβ = 10, µ > 0
ISAJET 7.71 SOFTSUSY 1.9 SPHENO 2.2.2 SUSPECT 2.3
χ01 136.7 140.0 139.5 140.0
τ1 147.7 145.7 147.1 149.7eR 155.7 153.8 155.4 157.6h0 115.8 113.1 113.4 113.3
mτ1− mχ0
111.0 5.7 7.6 9.7
Ω 0.136 0.069 0.092 0.120
G. Belanger, S. Kraml, A. Pukhov, hep-ph/0502079
• missing higher order corrections
Supersymmetry Parameter Analysis (SPA) project:
http://spa.desy.de/spa
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 21 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)
Conclusions
• LHC: model dependent statements, matches WMAP precision
• ILC: SUSY particles will be measured very precisely, matches
PLANCK precision
• ⇒ allows for cross-checks of cosmological ideas
2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 22 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)