Suzanne D'Anna 1

An Introduction to the Human Body

Suzanne D'Anna 2

Anatomy study of structure relationships among structures

Derived from the Greek words:

- Anatome - to dissect

- Ana - apart

- Tomy - cut

Suzanne D'Anna 3

Subdivisions of Anatomy Examples:

- gross anatomy (macroscopic)

study of large body parts

(muscles, bones, and internal organs)

- histology (microscopic)

study of cells and tissues requiring the use of a microscope

Suzanne D'Anna 4

Physiology study of the functions of body parts and

how they work together

- physio - working

- ology - study

Suzanne D'Anna 5

Subdivisions of Physiology Examples:

- neurophysiology - brain and nervous tissue

- cardiac - heart

- respiratory - lungs and trachea

- reproductive - reproductive organs

- renal - kidneys, bladder, and ureters

- endocrine - endocrine organs

Suzanne D'Anna 6

Levels of Structural Organization atoms molecules cells tissues organs systems organism

Suzanne D'Anna 7

Atoms tiny building blocks of matter

Examples of the most common atoms:

carbon (C) hydrogen (H)

oxygen (O) nitrogen (N)

calcium (Ca) potassium (K)

sodium (Na)

Suzanne D'Anna 8

atoms combine together to form molecules

Suzanne D'Anna 9

Molecules chemical combination of 2 or more

atoms Examples of molecules:

- proteins

- carbohydrates

- fats

- vitamins

Suzanne D'Anna 10

Molecule

ATP

Suzanne D'Anna 11

Cells basic structural and functional units of an

organism cell groups have different structures perform different functions specialized structures within a cell are

called organelles

Suzanne D'Anna 12

Cell

Suzanne D'Anna 13

Tissues Four basic types of tissues in the human

body:

- epithelial tissue

- muscle tissue

- connective tissue

- nervous tissue

Suzanne D'Anna 14

Epithelial Tissue - Skin

Suzanne D'Anna 15

Muscle Tissue

Suzanne D'Anna 16

Connective Tissue - Bone

Suzanne D'Anna 17

Nervous Tissue - Brain

Suzanne D'Anna 18

Tissues (cont.)

each cell within a tissue has a specific function

Examples:

- parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) in stomach

- mucous cells produce mucus

Suzanne D'Anna 19

Organs structures composed of two or more

tissue types specific functions recognizable shapes Examples:

- heart, lungs, brain, liver, stomach, intestines, etc.

Suzanne D'Anna 20

Organ

Suzanne D'Anna 21

Systems several organs work together for a

common purpose Example:

- digestive system includes many organs, each with its own function

Suzanne D'Anna 22

Organ System

digestive system