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The F Diagram: Faecal-oral Transmission Route
Open defecation causes diseases like Diarrhoea, Cholera, worm infection, etc.
These diseases could be prevented by ensuring use of clean drinking water and adopting safe hygiene practices like toilet usage, hand washing with soap before meals and after defecation and general cleanliness.
Toilet barrierFluids
Fields/FloorsFaeces of
infected person
FliesFood
Newhost
Fingers
Safe water barrier
Hygiene barrier
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Satyagraha to Swachhagraha
Father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi believed that cleanliness is next to godliness. He dreamt of a clean India and inspired all Indians to support the noble cause with valuable contribution.
The Champaran Satyagraha is considered a milestone in the Indian Freedom Movement. Year 2017-18 is the centenary of Champaran Satyagraha. Now, 100 years after the original Satyagraha, Champaran is ready for one more campaign Swachhagraha i.e. freedom from the practice of open defecation.
The Government of India and the Government of Bihar are putting an unprecedented effort to spread the message of Swachhata across the country and beyond, by initiating the Swachhagraha campaign, from Champaran from 3rd to 10th April. More than 10,000 Swachhagrahis from different parts of the country have been invited to Bihar and they would be working with Swachhagrahis from Bihar to initiate "Swachhagraha" in villages across the state.
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The following activities will be carried out by the Swachhagrahis during the Champaran Swachhagraha:
Collect and collate the status of sanitation in the district
Prepare an action plan on the activities to be carried out by the Swachhagrahis between 3rd and 8th April 2018 in the panchayat allotted to them by the district
Stay in the panchayat allotted by the district and carry out community-based activities at different levels like community, schools, Anganwadis, etc. to bring about collective behaviour change
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The following activities will be carried out by the Swachhagrahis during the Champaran Swachhagraha:
Inform the community about the "Twin leach pit water seal toilet" and assist in the construction of toilets
Organise Gram Gaurav Yatra and ODF celebration ceremonies
Participate in the Champaran Swachhagraha ceremony on 10th April 2018
Inform the block and district offices about the activities carried out in the field
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Swachhagrahis coming from different parts of the country are expected to work along with the local Swachhagrahis and initiate a special drive adopting the Community Approaches to Sanitation (CAS) to motivate the communities to adopt collective behaviour change.
In case the panchayats are already ODF, the Swachhagrahis would be working to sustain the collective behaviour change achieved by the community.
Expectations from the Swachhagrahis
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Activities to be carried out by the Swachhagrahis
The visiting Swachhagrahis are expected to carry out following activities in the villages/panchayats:
Will work along with the local Swachhagrahis to assess the sanitation status of the gram panchayat
Will have discussions with public representatives, natural leaders, religious leaders, panchayat level workers and communities
Prepare an action plan to be executed in the gram panchayat in the next 5 days of the field campaign
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The following activities will be customised and carried out in the panchayats depending on their sanitation status – Open Defecation Free/ approaching ODF status/just initiated the work towards ODF:
If the panchayat is ODF:
Organise cleanliness drives in the villages along with the communities on daily basis
Strengthen the Nigrani Samitis formed in the village
Carry out follow up activities along with the Nigrani Samiti in the morning and evening
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Hold discussions on the need to maintain cleanliness in schools, Anganwadi centres, public areas and on sustaining ODF status
Work with a team comprising of teachers, public representatives, government staff and community members to carry out essential cleanliness of toilets located in schools, Anganwadi centres and public areas
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If the panchayat is approaching the ODF status:
Motivate the community for collective behaviour change leading to achievement of ODF status
Initiate discussions to ensure that all schools and Anganwadi centres have adequate toilets and also ensure that these toilets are used and kept clean
Inform the community on safe toilet technology and assist them during construction
Strengthen the Nigrani Samitis formed in the villages
Carry out household visits and have discussions on the issue of ODF
Identify the villages that are not yet ODF and carry out pre- triggering and triggering activities. Support the formation of Nigrani Samitis
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If the panchayat is approaching the ODF status:
Organise Gram Gaurav Yatra in ODF village once they become ODF
Have meetings with women, men, youth and children and discuss issues of hygiene and sanitation
Organise Prabhat Pheri (Morning Walks) and Ratri Chaupals (Night meetings)
Involve the community in morning and evening follow ups
Have consultation with the community to help them decide the date by which their panchayat would become ODF
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If the panchayat has just initiated the work towards ODF:
Motivate the community for collective behaviour change and to attain ODF status
Carry out pre-triggering and triggering exercises in the villages
Ensure the participation of Nigrani Samiti and the community in morning and evening follow-up activities
Carry out household visits and initiate discussion on ODF status in the community
Identify natural leaders from the community who could emerge as ambassadors for sanitation
Help and support the local Swachhagrahi in preparing a strategy and an action plan to be implemented from 12th April 2018 aimed at making the gram panchayat ODF
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If the panchayat has just initiated the work towards ODF:
Organise Prabhat Pheri (morning walk), children's rally, Mashal Juloos (Torchlight march) and Ratri Chaupal (Night meetings) in the villages
Facilitate the community to decide on a date by which they would become ODF
Support the communities during the toilet construction
Organise meetings and discussions in all schools and Anganwadi centres on the topic of hygiene, sanitation and open defecation
Organise Gram Gaurav Yatra in ODF village once they become ODF
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• Get in touch with the panchayat leaders, community and natural leaders
• Collect the information needed to carry out triggering activities
Community Approaches to Sanitation (CAS)
Community Approaches to Sanitation (CAS) is a set of methods that help in mobilising the community to bring about collective behaviour change, achieve ODF status and adopt safe sanitation practices. This methodology has been adopted by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation under the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin).
As per the CAS methodology, following are the activities to be carried out by a Swachhagrahi:-
(Pre- triggering)
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• Carry out triggering for collective behaviour change in the community
• Formation of Nigrani Samiti
• With the proactive participation of the community, prepare a time bound action plan for the village to achieve ODF status
• Strengthen the community to carry out vigilance activities to stop people from defecating in the open
• Support the community in construction of quality toilets by providing information on appropriate toilet technologies and also support in supply chain management
(Triggering)
(Follow-up)
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Twin leach pit water seal toilet
The "Twin leach pit water seal toilet" offers an appropriate and complete solution for the safe disposal of human faeces. The leach pits are cylindrical in shape with 1 metre depth and 1 metre diameter. The pits are used alternatively. Once the first pit gets filled, it is disconnected and the toilet is connected to the second leach pit. In due course, the water in the filled pit gets leached out and the faeces are converted into valuable manure. Thus the toilet can be used continuously and this makes it one of the most cost-effective option for rural India.
The "Twin pit water seal toilet" is better and more cost effective than the Septic Tank model. It saves water and is also eco-friendly.
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Difference between twin leach pit water seal toilet and septic tank toilets:
Septic tank toilet Twin leach pit water seal toilet
Expensive Cost-effective Needs more space for construction
Needs lesser space for construction
Needs more water for use In comparison to Septic tank, it needs lesser quantity of water for use
The human faeces is not converted into human manure and there are issues of overflow
Human faeces is converted into human manure
High cost for tank emptying and high chances of spreading contagious diseases
Quite easy and inexpensive to empty the pit. The manure can be used as fertilizer in agriculture
3 ft
2 ft
4 ft
3 ft
9 inch
2 ft
4 inch pipe
Sokhta lid
Distance between two Sokhta39 inch
4 inch pipe
4ft
2ft long(Siphon to chamber)
Chamber 1ft x 1ft
6 inch
Roof 4 ft x 5ft
Skylight
6 in
ch
6 ft
1 ft1
2 5 ft
1 2
Depth 39 inchCircumference (outer) - 40 inchCircumference (inner) - 40 inch
Distance
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Daily activities
& Participate in the meeting of the District Water and Sanitation Committee and discuss the strategies to be adopted during the field activities from 3rd to 8 April 2018
& Organise meetings in the community (discuss detailed strategy on the basis of the sanitation status of the gram panchayat)
& Carry out triggering processes with the community so as to bring collective behaviour change
& Carry out morning and evening follow-ups along with the community
& Organise Ratri Chaupal (Night meetings) and community meetings
3 April 2018
4-6 April 2018
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& Carry out meetings and discussions on sanitation in schools, Anganwadi Centres and communities
& Motivate children to convince their parents and villagers to construct toilets and use the same
& Organise rallies along with children and the community
& Carry out morning and evening follow up along with a community
& Initiate discussions and meetings on toilet construction and usage among the communities
& Organise Prabhat Pheri (Morning walks)
& Organise Gram Gaurav Yatra (Walk of faith)
& Carry out morning and evening follow-up along with the community
& Travel to East Champaran& Participate in the
Champaran Swachhagraha event
8 April 2018
9 April 2018
10 April 2018
7 April 2018
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Daily Activities
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Swachhagrahis play a very important role in making India ODF.
Mahatma Gandhi's dream of Swachh Bharat can be fulfilled only when each and every citizen of
this country becomes a Swachhagrahi.
May our country be clean.May we all play a role in the same.
Important contacts
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Suggestion/experiences/response
1. Experience of working with the community
Very good Good
Satisfactory Cannot say
2. Progress during the Champaran Swachhagraha
Total number of toilets constructed
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
Number of toilets under construction
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3. Experience of attending the Champaran Swachhagraha
Very good Good
Satisfactory Cannot say
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4. Accommodation arrangements
Very good Good
Satisfactory Cannot say
5. Travel arrangements
Very good Good
Satisfactory Cannot say
6. Food and refreshment arrangements
Very good Good
Satisfactory Cannot say
7. Any other suggestions
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Details of the Swachhagrahi
Name of the Swachhagrahi .........................................
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Address ........................................................................
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Mobile number .............................................................
Address of the village where the Swachhagrahi is placed during the Swachhagraha
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Mahatma Gandhi dreamt of an India which was not only free but was also
clean and developed.
Mahatma Gandhi secured freedom for Mother India.
Now it is our duty to serve Mother India by keeping the country neat and clean.
I take this pledge that I will remain committed towards cleanliness and
devote time for this.
I will devote 100 hours per year that is two hours per week, to voluntarily work
for cleanliness.
I will neither litter not let others litter.
I will initiate the quest for cleanliness with myself, my family, my locality, my
village and my work place.
Sanitation oath
I believe that the countries of the world that appear clean are so because their
citizens don't indulge in littering nor do they allow others to litter.
With this firm belief, I will propagate the message of Swachh Bharat Mission in
villages and towns.
I will encourage 100 other persons to take this pledge which I am taking today.
I will endeavour to make them devote their 100 hours for cleanliness.
I am confident that every step I take towards cleanliness will help in making
my country clean.
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Champaran Satyagraha
The government of Bihar has initiated the Swachh Bihar Abhiyan (SBA) to make its villages free from the practice of "Open Defecation". This combines the centrally sponsored Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and the state-funded Lohia Swachhata Yojana. It aims to bring about collective behavioural change and ensure a provision of a functional toilet in 12 million rural households of the state, and make Bihar Open Defecation Free (ODF) by 2nd October 2019. Currently, 41% of rural households of Bihar have access to toilets (as of 1st March 2018).
East Champaran is one among the 38 districts of Bihar with an area of 3967 square kilometers. Census 2011 figures indicate that the population of the district is approximately 5 million. Motihari is the administrative headquarter of East Champaran.
Archeology departments have discovered the world's biggest Buddhist stupa in East Champaran. The region is also famous for the Satyagraha movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi.
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In 1917, Gandhiji facilitated a series of non-violent interventions known as "Champaran Satyagraha Movement" to safeguard the rights of the tenants from the exploitative policies and physical abuses of British government and indigo planters. The non-violent political and social interventions resulted in safeguarding the basic farming rights of the tenants and in the process the world witnessed the fundamentals of "Satyagraha". In lieu of the same; Gandhiji set up the first basic school in the region, which lead to the conceptualization of the pedagogical principle called "Nai Taleem". The Satyagraha movement also mobilized the villagers to fight against the social evils and urged them to improve the personal and clean surrounding.
Champaran Satyagraha helped the tenants and farmers gain greater control over farming, as now they could decide upon the crops to be cultivated.
Champaran Satyagraha is seen as a milestone in India's freedom movement. The year 2017-18 is being commemorated as the centenary of Champaran Satyagraha. Now after 100 years of the Satyagraha, the land of Champaran has geared itself for one more urge (Agraha) - the Swachhagraha.
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