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QUALITY BY DESIGN CONCEPT TO

ADVANCEMENT IN TECHNIQUES

IN BRAIN CANNULATION SURGERYIN RATS.

CHAUHAN S. B*. AND ANSARI M. A.,

UPADHYAY M. & TAKSANDE B.G.

Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College OfPharmacy, Kamptee.

Dist-Nagpur Pin:-441002

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*Brain canulation surgery in rats is necessary for injection of

anatomical tracers, implantation of electrodes, microdialysis

probes. etc

Steps in rodents stereotaxic surgery say for

example in ICV cannula implantation

1) Anesthesia

2) Placement

3) Intracranial surgery

4) Location of bregma

5) Mesurement of co-ordinates

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6) Drill a burr-hole through skull over co-ordinate/s

7) Implantation of guide cannula

8) Cementation of guide cannula.

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*A cannula or canulais a tube that can be inserted into the

body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid or for the

gathering of data.

*Brain cannulation surgery stereotactic aparatus are used

*Stereotaxis: Use of a coordinate system to provide accuratenavigation to a point or region in space.

*Stereotaxic (or stereotactic) is used to target specific brain

regions by precisely placing a subject's head into a rigid frame(the Horsley-Clarke frame) and positioning an instrument at

predetermined distances from reference landmarks.

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Single Point Stereotactic Apparatus.

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*In the rodent brain the conventional landmarks are

bregma for rostral and interaural for caudal targets.

*Stereotaxic methods are also used for radiosurgery and

other therapeutic approaches such as transplantationand gene therapy.

*Traditional stereotaxic atlases derived from such

positioning protocols use two-dimensional drawings ofserial sections to describe the three-dimensional (3D)

location of brain structures.

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Stereotactic Atlas

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DISADVANTAGES

*The main disadvantage of above stereotaxic model is

having only one pointer hence if two or more surgery isto be done in different cerebral hemispheres it would be

very difficult.

*One pointer can locate only one desired site at a time

and shifting of the pointer to another site would be time

consuming.

*Shifting of the pointer to different location may provide

time to animal to recover from anesthesia.

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*Hence another kind of stereotaxic instrument can be

used in such instant.

Double Point

Stereotactic

Apparatus.

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ADVANTAGES:

1) More than one surgery can be performed at a time

2)It is time saving

DISADVANTAGES:

*The common disadvantages of the above two

stereotaxic systems are human operational errorbecause of confusion in acquiring co-ordinates.

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*Another advancement made in such instruments are

the introduction of computer software which

eliminates human operational error such as settingwrong stereotactic co-ordinates.

Computer Aided

Stereotactic Aparatus.

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ADVANTAGES:

*A correct placement of the subject in the stereotacticframe is achieved, as all the calculations rely on an

accurate positioning of the landmarks relative to the

coordinate system using computer aided stereotacticsystem.

*Another advantages are:

1) Greater accuracy

2) Greater precision

3) Greater Robustness

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Reference :-

*DAVID KOPF INSTRUMENTPrecision Designs for Research.

*Stereotaxic Surgery in the Rodent CNS: Basic Protocols

and ApplicationsHarvard Center for Neurodegeneration and Repair

(HCNR)--Brain Repair and Regeneration Core.