World Affairs Institute

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE PEACE CONFERENCESource: The Advocate of Peace (1894-1920), Vol. 57, No. 4 (APRIL, 1895), pp. 92-93Published by: World Affairs InstituteStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20665289 .

Accessed: 13/05/2014 23:31

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

.

World Affairs Institute and Heldref Publications are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extendaccess to The Advocate of Peace (1894-1920).

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 194.29.185.109 on Tue, 13 May 2014 23:31:34 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

92 THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. April,

made to bring the perpetrators to justice. The killing of Italian citizens in the mine massacre in Colorado has

brought us into a slight complication with the Govern ment at Rome. The " Allianca

" affair has made it

necessary to treat with Spain. Ambassador Bayard has

been busy in London trying to get the British Govern

ment to settle by arbitration the dispute with Venezuela, in order that our Government may not have to actively carry out the Monroe doctrine. Some of these compli cations would have led to war, not so very long ago, and

the great progress of the world toward peace is evidenced

by the fact that they all will be settled peaceably in a

short time. Spain is anxious to maintain her friendly relations to our country, and Great Britain is now more

inclined than heretofore to submit her quarrel with Ven

ezuela to a third party.

The Japanese have prosecuted the war with China

steadily if not rapidly. One or two engagements of con

siderable importance and several smaller ones have oc

curred, in all of which the Mikado's troops have been vic

torious. The two northern armies have united and are

marching on Moukden. The Japanese have taken pos session of Fisher's Island between Formosa and the main

land of China. The peace negotiations have begun, but

are likely to be delayed by the attempted assassina

tion of Li Hung Chang by a Japanese crank. The latest

reports are that the Viceroy's wound is very serious, and

perhaps mortal. Japan has expressed great regret at

the occurrence and declared that the culprit shall receive

the full penalty of the law. The Japanese are growing more and more full of fight and hatred of China, and the

Celestial peace envoys have been treated with indignity, which the Japanese authorities have had to make special efforts to prevent from recurring. An armistice has been

declared during the peace negotiations.

schools and we hope that others will follow. Mr. Love showed a model of a bell which has been made of relics

given by different people of the United States who are interested in the Peace Society. This bell is to be given to the Pope of Rome who gave a cry of liberty and peace. This is to be an expression of their gratitude. Another is to be given to Philadelphia.

The next speaker was Walter C. Clothier, a student of Swarthmore College. He said, that war is a moral evil, for following out its principles we cannot love our neigh bor as ourselves. People delight in noble qualities, ad mire the soldier with self-command, who can leave his home and friends to die for his native land, but all admirable qualities are virtues borrowed from peace.

We see the triumphant chief, who receives honors and is made emperor, continue his conquests. If the world's

conquerors destroy happiness, why do we delight in

Caesars, Hannibals, Napoleons? War fascinates us. We pity the genius in his downfall, but his principles are not right. War does not settle disputes but carries them on. We should have a higher means of settling disputes. The honor of a nation is the justice and happiness of its

people. War is opposed to this and must yield to Chris

tianity, and we will have " glory to God in the highest,

peace on earth, good will toward men." A paper on "War, for and against," written by Dr.

Wm. I. Hill, of Swarthmore College, was read by Prof.

Hoadley. By quotations from Ruskin, DeQuincy and Lowell he showed differences of opinion in regard to war, but agreed with Lowell when he said,

" War is murder." The human suffering in war cannot be calculated and the economic burden is enormous. Think what an aid to edu cation the money spent in the late Civil War might have been ! War is against moral teaching and many other vices

follow it. Armies are not for peace, , but for financial ruin and economic destruction. Arbitration should settle all labor problems, in fact, all social problems should be settled by peace.

The next speaker, Judge Ashman, of Philadelphia, said that men were inconsistent in their principles of

peace or war. The law settles difficulties between indi

viduals, communities and States, but difficulties between nations are settled by war. How inconsistent ! How can we reach and reform men ? It is a gradual process.

War is not wholly wasteful, it gives men employment in

building war vessels and making armor, etc. By means of pensions we put into circulation more money perhaps. Is this any argument? Burglary also has its advantages. How many bolts, ironclad safes, etc., would there be if it were not for burglary ? The abolition of war would be an economic good for many improvements could be had with the money spent on an army. Some think that evils can be banished by legislation but this is a mistake ; there must be a growth from within the individual. Christ appealed to the individual conscience, which is a

motive power. Educate the individual.

Dr. D. V. Lucas, from Canada, was the next speaker. He said, that the principle of dealing in a kindly, brother

ly way with men has been tried and found successful. Canada has followed out Wm. Penn's manner of treat ment of the Indians, and has found it best and cheapest. Europe has had the best opportunity to learn the gospel of peace and is farthest from it. How can we remedy this system of warfare ? We must follow the teaching of

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE PEACE CONFERENCE. A Peace Conference was held at Swarthmore College,

Swarthmore, Pa., Saturday evening, March 23d, at which Alfred H. Love of Philadelphia presided. In his introduc

tory address he said, that what the Peace Society desires is peace through arbitration. Peace is the sum of all vir tues and arbitration is one of the streams which flows into peace. The evil system in our country should be

put aside ; it is not a necessity. It is left for the Peace

Society to look for the removal of causes and customs of war. If there is no cause for war peace comes. We

must begin at home for geace. It means self-control in the individual, then in the community, then in a nation. It means the development of our best natures. If there are any organizations or laws to oppose, then remove

them. We oppose Military drill in the public schools be cause it is not only inimical to education and takes the mind off study, but it does not develop the boy physical ly as well as other things. We should bave a construc tive not a destructive drill, have fire brigades, a life

saving corps. Military drill is not loyalty or patriotism. Some States have refused to admit it in their public

This content downloaded from 194.29.185.109 on Tue, 13 May 2014 23:31:34 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

1895. THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. 93

Christ; we must spread abroad literature of the right kind through the masses. Christ taught the principles of peace. All virtues are in peace, therefore, Christ was called the Prince of Peace. There should be a union between the church and the world. If we as individuals live according to the principles of peace, then nations

may be controlled by the sense of right just as men are. A few remarks were then made by Wm. Wood, Presi

dent of the Maryland Peace Society, who said that he was glad that this peace conference had been held at Swarthmore College, an educational institution. Let each present help to spread the peace work. The growth has been remarkable for the last thirty years.

A few closing remarks were made by Dr. DeGarmo, President of Swarthmore College, who thinks that the United States is in a position to do the most good. The old occasions for war have gone. The Greeks were edu cated for war, the children of to-day get their military spirit from what they hear from their fathers of the Civil

War. The desire is to make the children patriotic. He advises strongly a thorough, earnest study of the princi ples of economics.

being aware that Great Britain is regarded with serious hostility in many quarters. It seems to us, moreover, perfectly natural that it should be so. The British peo ple have seized on all the spare territory they could find in the world, they have been beforehand with other nations, and have obtained markets for their manufac tures and settlements for their superabundant population ; so that there is hardly room for any other people to found a trade or colony, now that the latter have begun to look for those things. Moreover, these successes have filled us with arrogance and the assumption of superiority, even of a right to be supreme. In addition, Britishers pretend to be more honest, more Christian, and more capable than all others, and do not hesitate to boast of these vir tues wherever they go. Is it likely, then, that they should have no enemies? They certainly have them, and it could not be otherwise.

The lesson which we would insist on is that there lies before the peacemakers the choice of a false policy or of a true one?a policy which is futile and one which is prac tical. So long as the former is pursued there will be no cessation in this rivalry of Budgets, and the increasing danger of financial ruin and discredit. The true policy of every Peace Society is to put the finger on inter national sores, to show where every probability of inter national quarrel exists, and to declare what is the just mode of dealing with it. When all recognize that prin ciple, and act upon it, there will be some security against war, and Governments will no longer imperil the national prosperity by ruinous demands. H. P.

HERALD OF PEACE. Riots and the Military.

The Home Secretary has forwarded to the Courts of Quarter Sessions an important Report of a Committee which he appointed to consider the question of the use of the military in riots. The Committee unanimously rec ommend that soldiers should not be called out, except as a last expedient, and that every effort should be made to deal with an emergency by means of the constabulary alone. Prevention is better than cure ; but if disorder arises it must be put down promptly, though with no more than necessary force. Police should be borrowed from adjoining counties, and a rota of Justices should hold themselves in readiness to read the Riot Act. When the use of the military becomes indispensable, it is laid down that it is not necessary, though it is advisable, to read the Riot Proclamation, and it is not needful to give the rioters an hour in which to disperse. Both magis trate and officer, however, are in the highest degree re sponsible for what they do, and the officer need not act on a magistrate's request to take action, if in his own

PROFIT $88.25 THE FIRST THREE DAYS. A few weeks ago I read in your paper how Mrs. Griffith made

a great deal of money selling a new method of putting up fruit. Here is what I did with an Old Reliable Plater. The first three days that I had the Plater I plated 75 sets of knives, forks, spoons, etc., which, when delivered, brought me in about $92.00; cost of metal about $3.75, leaving a gross profit of $88.25 for my time and trouble, and everyone was well pleased with the work, and I came home with double the amount of goods to be plated. I average about $150 work per week. I have been a travelling salesman, but have given it up ; the plating business suits me.

Anyone can obtain an Old Reliable Plater by addressing W. P. Harrison & Co., Columbus, Ohio. Anyone out of work should take this opportunity to get employment and make money.

C. M. REID, Columbus, Ohio.

THE MAGAZINES AND PAPERS. CHICAGO TRIBUNE.

Conscription.

Last week 162 young Britons were drawn by con

scription to help fill the French army to its peace footing. Before they were sent from the reserve battal ion or cadre eight of the young men committed suicide by hanging on account of despair. Military authorities in France say that it is no uncommon occurrence for young men in rural districts conscripted to the French army to suicide rather than enter and complete the necessary term of service with the colors. The French, as a people, are not noted for migration to other countries where the French flag is not displayed as a badge of sovereignty, and therefore young men, unlike those of other nations where the ranks are filled by conscription, resort to self murder other than attempt to escape military service by migrating, as many young Germans and Austrians do, to America, before the military age arrives. It is a well known fact that every year hundreds of young Germans, not quite 18 years of age, land in New York, who have come at the nick of time to escape conscription, and this is particularly true of many young Hebrews, the sons of wealthy farmers. It is a sad refutation of the loudly boasted patriotism and military spirit of the young sons of France to note this strong tendency to suicide rather than serve with the national colors in a time of profound peace like this, and every European power straining with all the arts of diplomacy to avoid war. Doubtless in an emer

gency the young men of France would rush to arms to defend the fatherland, as they did to the number of more than a million at the call of Gambetta, when, late in 1870, the provisional government of Bordeaux sent forth the arri?re ban to summon the whole nation to arms to over whelm the victorious Germans and to save all France not

yet conquered from passing under the heels of the Ger mans. But the military call is reluctantly obeyed in time of peace. The spirit of mere revanche is dying out in France.

CONCORD.

No one can have watched the Continental press, or read the debates in Continental parliaments, without

This content downloaded from 194.29.185.109 on Tue, 13 May 2014 23:31:34 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions